Review of NFPA-20 2007

- for -

IEEE - IAS
- by -
James S. Nasby
Columbia Engineering
 NFPA-20 (2010 Edition)
Chapters 9 thru 12 Overview

 Chapter 9 - Electric Drive for Pumps

 Chapter 10 - Electric-Drive Controllers
and Accessories
 Chapter 11 - Diesel Engine Drive
 Chapter 12 - Engine Drive Controllers
Note: Clause No.s are per 2010 Edition
 Selected Clauses from Other Chapters.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 2

 Definitions
3.3.17 Fire Pump Controller. A group of devices that serve to govern,
in some predetermined manner, the starting and stopping of the fire
pump driver and to monitor and signal the status and condition of
the fire pump unit.
3.3.7.2 Fault Tolerant External Control Circuit. Those control
circuits either entering or leaving the fire pump controller
enclosure, which if broken, disconnected, or shorted will
not prevent the controller from starting the fire pump from
all other internal or external means and can cause the controller
to start the pump under these conditions.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 3

 Related Clauses
 4.4.1* The fire pump unit, consisting of a pump, driver, and
controller, shall perform in compliance with this standard as an
entire unit when installed or when components have been replaced.
Question: How long does an Approved controller manufacture have to
support installed controllers?
 4.7.5 Each driver shall have its own dedicated controller.
 4.12.1* General Requirements. The fire pump, driver, controller,
water supply, and power supply shall be protected against possible
interruption of service through damage caused by explosion, fire,
flood, earthquake, rodents, insects, windstorm, freezing, vandalism,
and other adverse conditions.
 4.30.1 (was 4.29.1) For all pump installations, including jockey
pumps, each controller shall have its own individual pressure-
sensing line.
C.E. IEEE - IAS 4
 Related Clauses
4.7.1* Fire pumps shall be dedicated to and listed
for fire protection service.
A.4.7.1 This section does not preclude the use of pumps in public and
private water supplies that provide water for domestic, process,
and fire protection purposes. Such pumps are not fire pumps and
are not expected to meet all of the requirements of NFPA 20. Such
pumps are permitted for fire protection if they are considered
reliable by the analysis mandated in Section 5.6. Evaluating the
reliability should include at least the level of supervision and rapid
response to problems as is typical in municipal water systems.*
If a private development (campus) needs a fire protection pump, this is
typically accomplished by installing a dedicated fire pump (in
accordance with NFPA 20) in parallel with a domestic pump or as
part of a dedicated fire branch/loop off of a water supply.

Note: *No longer any need to exempt controllers.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 5

 Salient Proposals Passed
Revised Normal Alternate
Source Source
Arrangement I-A See 9.2 See 9.3
per
Logs #29 & #157
IS IS
Now Standard

CB CB Listed
Note: Need to Combination
Fire Pump
Renumber
N E
Controller
"Arrangement I" as See 10.8.3 ATS and Transfer
"Arrangement I-A" Power
Transfer
Switch
Contactor

Was
"Arrangement I" Motor
See Log #103

NFPA-20-2013 Fig. A.10.8 Arrangement I-A 1

See 10.8.2.1

C.E. IEEE - IAS 6

 Salient Proposals Passed
Normal Alternate
Source Source See
Proposed New See 9.2 See 9.3 9.6.5
Arrangement I-B Gen

per Log #105

To other
See generator
NFPA 70 N E
loads
Article 230
Upstream Transfer
Switch

Hot Emergency Bus

Listed
Combination Fire
Pump Controller
and Power
Transfer Switch
See 10.8.2.1 and
N E
10.8.3

Motor

NFPA-20-2013 Fig. A.10.8 2

Arrangement I-B

C.E. IEEE - IAS 7

 Salient Proposals Passed
Normal Alternate
Revised Source Source
See 9.2 See 9.3
Arrangement II
per
Logs #29 & #157 IS* IS* See 10.8.2.2(4)

Listed Fire Pump See 9.6.5 &

Power Transfer NFPA 70 §700.27
Switch Assembly CB CB**
(Service Entrance Single or Separate
Equipment may Enclosure(s)
Be Separate)
N E See 10.8.3
See 10.8.2.2
ATS & 9.6.4

Field Wiring

* May be Omitted

** May be located at
generator if alternate
Listed source is a standby
Fire Pump generator.
Controller

Motor

NFPA-20-2013 Fig. A.10.8 3

Arrangement II
See 10.8.2.2

C.E. IEEE - IAS 8

Salient
Proposals
Passed

C.E. IEEE - IAS 9

NFPA-20 Chapter 9
Electric Drive for Pumps
 9.1 General.
 9.2 Normal Power – Stiff -vs- Weak
 9.3 Alternate Power - ditto
 9.4 Voltage Drop; 5%, 15%, 35%
 9.5 Motors.
 U.L. Listed & 1.15% Max. Amps -or-
 VSD, 1.15S.F. & 100% Max amps, Not U.L. Listed yet
 9.6* On-Site Standby Generator Systems.
 9.6.5* Protective Devices*
Note: *This requires starting pumps in A-T-L mode since Emergency Manual
(Mechanical) Operator(s) are assumed engaged.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 10

Typical Power EFPC Supplies

Usually Delta Primary to Wye Secondary

C.E. IEEE - IAS 11
Typical Power EFPC Supplies

Open Wye to Open Delta w/ Unequal Pots (Xfmrs)

C.E. IEEE - IAS 12
Typical Low Voltage Power 60 Hz EFPC Supplies
 200 Vac Delta
 208/120 Vac 4 Wire Wye
 240 Vac Delta
 Ungrounded
 Open Delta
 Corner Ground (240, 240, Zero Vac to Ground)
 240/120 4 Wire Delta (208 Vac High Leg)
 416/240 Vac 4 Wire Wye (Rare, Africa & some Mid-East)
Requires special CPTs and Contactor Coils.
 480/277 Vac 4 Wire Wye
 480 Delta
 Open Delta
 Ungrounded (Process Plants)*
 Corner Ground(480, 480, Zero Vac to Ground)*
 Corner Ground
 600/350 Vac 4 Wire Wye
* Special Surge Arrester Arrangement Needed!!
Note: Single Phase: 120, 208 or 240 are for some Limited Service Only, and for
A.C. Power for Diesel Controllers. Ditto for 220 Vac, 50 Hz.
C.E. IEEE - IAS 13
Typical Medium Voltage 60 Hz EFPC Supplies

 1200 Vac (Rare)

 2400 Vac Delta (2300 Motor Voltage)
 3600 Vac (Rare)
 4160/2400 4 Wire Wye (4000 Motor Voltage)
 7200/4160 4 Wire Wye (6900 Motor Voltage)

C.E. IEEE - IAS 14

Typical Power 50 Hz EFPC Supplies

 380 (383)/220 Vac 4 Wire Wye*

 220 Vac Delta (Rare)
 380 (383)/220 Vac 4 Wire Wye*
 400 /231 Vac 4 Wire Wye
 415 (416) /240 Vac 4 Wire Wye
 690 Vac (690/400 Vac 4 Wire Wye?)
 3300 Vac (Medium Voltage) (Rare, Africa)
 6600 Vac (Medium Voltage)
 6900 Vac (Medium Voltage)
*Note: 460V / (50/60Hz) = 383 Vac

C.E. IEEE - IAS 15

Single Phase DFPC Voltages
(and Some Limited Service Controllers)

 120 / 60 (Hot and Neutral)

 220 / 50 (Hot and Neutral)
 240 / 60 (Hot and Hot)
 208 / 60 (Hot and Hot) (Less Common)
 380 / 50 (Hot and Hot) (Less Common)
 480 / 60 (Hot and Hot)
 600 / 60 (Hot and Hot)

Note: Hot & Hot = Dual Fuse or 2 Pole Breaker.

Neutral should Not be Fused.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 16

Power Supply
Failure
Considerations

What Happens
During Single
Phase Events

C.E. IEEE - IAS 17

Power Supply
Failure
Considerations -
cont’d
What Happens
During Single
Phase Events

Note: This case also

represents the intentional
Open Delta system power
distribution.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 18

Power Supply
Failure
Considerations -
cont’d
Note: Wye to Wye supplies are
unusual due to propensity to
cause TFI (Telephone
Interference).
Where used some areas, the
two neutral points are
connected together (Bonded
Through).
These are sometimes tied to
the overhead ground
(lightning) wire.
This can cause some very high
transients in the controller!

C.E. IEEE - IAS 19

Power Supply
Failure
Considerations -
cont’d
What Happens
During Single Phase
Events

Note: This case can also

represents the intentional
Open Delta system power
distribution.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 20

Single Phase Starting Attempt Failures
Tally of Rewound or Replaced Fire Pump Motors
-- Cases Determined to be Due to --
Attempted Starting Under Single Phase Conditions

Note: No Fire Demand was known to exist before or during the single phase conditions. The motors started due to one of the two following: 1) Immediate
start upon drop out of the drop-out demand relay upon loss of the control phase, or 2) System pressure bleed down after the Jockey Pump trips out (on
overload) on attempted single phase start. Some of the cases involve wide area single phase conditions confirmed by the local utility. The controllers
involved are of both the pick-up demand relay and the drop-out demand relay types.
No cases involving Master Control Systems, Inc. controllers are known to date. Data gathered to date involves three manufactures, Brand "A", Brand "B", and
Brand "C".
The following data have been gathered by Master Control Systems, Inc. from the field over the period of the last 12 months for recent cases of motor damage.
The data are shown in no particular order. Data below gives: date, job, location, controller starting type, and other known details, length of outage, and
finally, number of occurrences, when known.

1) January 1998. Spartenburg Regional Hospital, Spartenburg South Carolina. Brand "A" Across-the-line controller. Building single phased during
construction of an addition. Motor burned out. Out of service for two and a half days. Single known occurrence.

2) Late 1997. Marriott Courtyard Hotel, Charleston South Carolina. Brand "B" Soft Start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac. City block single phased. Caused
by large bird hitting power line. Motor burned out. Out of service for five to six days. Single known occurrence.

3) Fall 1997. Spartenburg U.P.S. Center, Spartenburg South Carolina. Brand "B" Part Winding start controller, 100 Hp, 460 Vac. Storm caused single
phase. Motor burned out. Out of service for approximately four days. Fourth occurrence over about the last ten years.

4) June 1997. Pan-American Logistics facility, San Antonio Texas. Brand "B" Across-the-Line controller, 100 Hp, 460 Vac. Utility verified single phase
condition. Motor burned out. Out of service time unknown. Second occurrence in 6-8 months.

5) September 1998. Galveston Opera House, Galveston Texas. Brand "B" Part Winding start controller, 75 Hp, 208 Vac. Utility confirmed single phase
entire city block ("B" phase) for about four hours, caused by tropical storm Francis. Motor burned out. Out of service for 4-5 days. Second occurrence
in eight years.
6) September 1998. Meyer's Distribution facility, Newport Michigan. Brand "A" Wye-Delta Closed Transition type, 250 Hp, 460 Vac. Jockey pump tripped on attempted
single phase start, then Fire Pump attempted to start. Motor burned out. Had about 125 Vac on bad phase. This is the second occurrence at this job site.

Note: This study is approx. 9 months long and covers only a portion of the U.S.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 21

Single Phase Starting Attempt – cont’d
Tally of Rewound or Replaced Fire Pump Motors - continued

7) Summer 1998. Isle of Palms, Charleston South Carolina. Brand "C" controller. Wye-Delta Open transition type. Power company
confirmed single phase outage. Unit failure was found during an annual test. Not know how long the fire protection had been out of
service. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

8a) Spring 1998. Ametech Building No. 1. Gaffney South Carolina. Brand "C" controller. Part Winding start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac.
Storm took out a phase. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

8b) Spring 1998. Ametech Building No. 2. Gaffney South Carolina. Brand "C" controller. Part Winding start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac.
Storm took out a phase. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

9) January 1999. Henrico County School, Richmond Virginia. Brand "B" controller. Primary Resistor start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac.
Ice Storm took out a phase in the area. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

10a) November 1998. Brown Foreman - L & G Distillery. Millville Kentucky. Brand "B" Controller. Single phase to factory. Motor burned
out. First occurrence.

10b) February 1999. Brown Foreman - L & G Distillery. Same job. Motor burned out again. Pump house caught on fire. Sprinklers in the
pump house activated which were supplied by the backup diesel fire pump. Second occurrence.

11) Late 1998. St. Mathews Church, Lake Zurich Illinois (north chicago suburb). Brand "B" Controller. Power lost during construction while
widening roadway. When power was restored, the third phase left off. During the annual test, the motor burned out in approximately 30
seconds. Single known occurrence.

12) Early 1999. Rappahannock Westminster Canterberry Retirement Community, Irvington, VA. Brand "C" controller. Wye-Delta Closed
transition controller, 150 Hp, 480 Vac. Motor destroyed. Fire protection was out of service for approximately 10 days.

Note: Three phase motors can not start on single phase power. Also, the subsequent
continuous LRC is around 83% of normal 3 phase LRC (500% -vs- 600%) at full line
voltage. This delays tripping of the circuit breaker.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 22

Fire Pump Motors Types

 ODC (Open Drip Proof)

 TEFC (Totally Enclosed, Fan Cooled)
These usually have a S.F. of 1.00
 Vertical Hollow Shaft
 Wye Wound
 Delta Wound
 Inverter Duty

C.E. IEEE - IAS 23

Typical Induction Motors
WEG TEFC

Marathon ODC

U.S. Motors TEFC

WEG Explosion Proof

C.E. IEEE - IAS 24

 Induction TEFC Motor Cut-away

Marathon ODC

C.E. IEEE - IAS 25

Typical
Fire Pump
Motor
Listing
Label

Note
Starting
Code
Letter

C.E. IEEE - IAS 26

What’s Wrong with This Picture?

C.E. IEEE - IAS 27

What’s Wrong with This Picture?

Motor Whip (Flex. Conduit) NOT Liquid Tight.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 28
 That’s Better

C.E. IEEE - IAS 29

What’s Wrong with This Picture?

Hint:
Pump
Motor

C.E. IEEE - IAS 30

What’s Wrong with This Picture?

Ditto for
Overhead
Pump
Pipe
Blocks Removing
Access to Requires a
Motor Tripod &
Removal Chainfall

C.E. IEEE - IAS 31

NFPA-20 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Electric-Drive Controllers and Accessories
 10.1 General
 10.2 Location
 10.3 Construction
 10.4 Components
 10.5 Starting and Control
 10.5.1* Automatic and Nonautomatic
 10.5.2 Automatic Controller
 10.5.3 Nonautomatic Controller
 10.5.4 Methods of Stopping
 10.6 Controllers Rated in Excess of 600 V
 10.7* Limited Service Controllers

C.E. IEEE - IAS 32

 NFPA-20 Chapter 10 - Cont'd
 10.8* Power Transfer for Alternate Power Supply
 10.8.1 General
 10.8.2* Fire Pump Controller and Transfer Switch Arrangements
• 10.8.2.1 Arrangement I (Listed Combination Fire Pump Controller and
Power Transfer Switch)
• 10.8.2.2 Arrangement II (Individually Listed Fire Pump Controller and
Power Transfer Switch)
• 10.8.2.3 Transfer Switch - dedicated transfer switch(es)
 10.8.3 Power Transfer Switch Requirements
 10.9 Controllers for Additive Pump Motors
 10.10* Controllers with Variable Speed Pressure Limiting
Control
Note: All Pressure Limiting Controllers and Engines are Set Point
(Feedback Control) Systems. They can be either stable or unstable.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 33

Model I/S
ECA
A-T-L C/B
(D-O-L)
“M”
Contactor

Emergency
(Manual)
Note: All Pressure
Operator
Switches are now
Solid State Pressure
Transducers and
Associated Circuitry

C.E. IEEE - IAS 34

 Model MCP
Part Winding

Triple Redundant CPTs

C.E. IEEE - IAS 35
 NFPA-20 Chapter 11
Diesel Engine Drive Quick Look
 11.1 General
 11.2 Engines
 11.2.4 Instrumentation and Control
• 11.2.4.2* Electronic Fuel Management Control (ECM/ECU)
• 11.2.4.3 Variable Speed (Pressure Controlling) Engines
• 11.2.4.4 Overspeed Shutdown Device
• 11.2.4.5 Signal for Engine Running and Crank Termination
 11.2.5 Engine Instruments (Instrument Panel)
 11.2.6.2 Automatic Control Wiring in the Field (Stranded Wire)
 11.2.7 Starting Methods
• 11.2.7.2 Electric Starting
• 11.2.7.2.1.4 Number and Capacity of Batteries. (2 X 2 X 6)
• 11.2.7.2.3 Battery Loads - Quiescent (Paracitic) Loads
• 11.2.7.2.4* Battery Location Note: Charging is now in Chapter 12.
• 11.2.7.3 Hydraulic Starting
• 11.2.7.4 Air Starting
C.E. IEEE - IAS 36
 NFPA-20 Chapter 11 – cont’d
 11.3* Pump Room Requirements
 11.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangement
 11.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangement
 11.5 Engine Exhaust (Wet Stacking)
 11.6* Driver System Operation
 11.6.1 Weekly Run
 11.6.3 Battery Maintenance: 7 points:
1) Keep Charged, 2) Test, 3) Distilled H2O, 4) Keep Filled,
5) Maintain, 6) Inspect Charger, 7) What to Inspect for.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 37

Diesel Driver & Fuel Switch & Engine Gage Panel

Caterpillar Fire Pump Engine

C.E. IEEE - IAS 38

 NFPA-20 Chapter 12
Engine Drive Controllers
 12.1 Application.
 12.2 Location.
 12.3 Construction.
 12.4 Components.
 12.5 Battery Recharging - Engine
Alternator & Static (Automatic) Charger
 12.6 Battery Chargers.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 39

 NFPA-20 Chapter 12 - Cont'd
 12.7* Starting and Control.
 12.5.1 Automatic and Nonautomatic.
 12.5.2 Automatic Operation of Controller.
 12.5.3 Nonautomatic Operation of Controller.
 12.5.4 Starting Equipment Arrangement.
 12.5.5 Methods of Stopping.
 12.5.6 Emergency Control.
 12.8 Air-Starting Engine Controllers.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 40

Model
DCM

C.E. IEEE - IAS 41

 Salient Proposals Passed - 2013
 9.1.7 No Ground Fault Tripping
 9.3.3 Allows Back Up Pumps in Lieu of Alternate Power
 9.2.3.4 Now OCP = LRA of Largest Pump + FLA (was LRA)
of All Other Pumps and Other Loads.
 New 9.2.3.4.1 Alternate OCP Means. Fire Pump Listed
Ass'y Which:
 LRA (6x) for 120 Seconds
 No Trip (on Restart) at 24 x FLA
 No Trip within 10 Minutes at 300% FLA
 Trip Point NOT to be Field Adjustable.
 9.5.1.4 Variable Speed Motors. Adds NEMA Part 30 as an
Alternate to Part 31. Also Adds Listing Requirement.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 42

 2013 Salient Proposals - Cont'd
 9.7 (Junction Boxes) Prohibits Use of F.P. Controller as a
Junction Box (with Ref. to 10.3.4.5.1 10.3.4.6)
 9.8.1 Junction for Listed Wiring System to be at Least 12"
Inside of Pump Room.
 9.8.2 Clarifies that the Required Smoke Seal be in the
Junction Box.
 New 9.9.5 Requires Grounding Conductor Where the
Raceway between the Motor and Controller Is NOT
Capable of Conducting Sufficient Fault Current to Trip the
Fire Pump Controller's Circuit Breaker.
Chapter 10:
 10.3.7.4 Mfr's Installation Instuctions to be Followed.
 10.4.5.8 NO Ground Fault Tripping Allowed (Alarm is OK)
 10.4.3.3.1(7) F.P. Breaker Not to Trip in Emergency
Starting (A-T-L) Mode
C.E. IEEE - IAS 43
 10.4.3.3.1(8) Breaker Not to Trip on Re-Start Transient
 2013 Salient Proposals - Cont'd
 10.5.2.5.2 Require Remote Starting Loop to be of the Normally
Closed Type for Deluge Valve & Etc. Signals
 Delete 10.7.2.1 Limited Service Controllers Must Now Meet 'Full
Service" Breaker Requirements
 A.10.8 Revise Transfer Switch Figures
 10.8.3.6.5 Clarify Frequency Sensing is Not Required When
Alternate Source is Not a Gen-Set
 10.8.3.7.3 Require Controller Marking if Intended for Dual Utility
Use
 10.8.3.10 Prohibit use of "In Phase Monitor" or Programmed
Neutral to Meet Inrush Requirements
 12.4.5.1 Requires a Time-Out Timer for the Alarm Silence Switch
Operation.
 12.7.2.2.3 Remote Start Loop to be Normally Open Type for
Deluge Valve & Etc. Signals

C.E. IEEE - IAS 44

 Questions?

C.E. IEEE - IAS 45