Science (From The
Science (From The
and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about
the universe.[2][3][4]
The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3500 to
3000 BCE.[5][6] Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped
Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide
explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.[5][6] After the fall of the Western
Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during
the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages[7] but was preserved in the Muslim
worldduring the Islamic Golden Age.[8] The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic
inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy",[7][9] which
was later transformed by the Scientific Revolutionthat began in the 16th century[10] as new ideas and
discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.[11][12][13][14] The scientific
method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that
many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape;[15][16][17] along with
the changing of "natural philosophy" to "natural science."[18]
Modern science is typically divided into three major branche