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    What Is The Haber Process?: The Effect of Increasing Pressure

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    Saket Gudimella
    The Haber process involves the reversible reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases to produce ammonia. Increasing the pressure favors the side with fewer moles of gas, so it shifts the equilibrium to the right and increases the ammonia yield. Increasing the temperature favors the endothermic, reverse reaction direction, so it shifts the equilibrium left and decreases the ammonia yield. Using a catalyst does not change the equilibrium position or yield, but it increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, allowing equilibrium to be established more quickly.

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    What Is The Haber Process?: The Effect of Increasing Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Saket Gudimella
    14 views1 page
    The Haber process involves the reversible reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases to produce ammonia. Increasing the pressure favors the side with fewer moles of gas, so it shifts the equilibrium to the right and increases the ammonia yield. Increasing the temperature favors the endothermic, reverse reaction direction, so it shifts the equilibrium left and decreases the ammonia yield. Using a catalyst does not change the equilibrium position or yield, but it increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, allowing equilibrium to be established more quickly.

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    Ammonia's Yield

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    The Haber process involves the reversible reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases to produce ammonia. Increasing the pressure favors the side with fewer moles of gas, so it shifts the equilibrium to the right and increases the ammonia yield. Increasing the temperature favors the endothermic, reverse reaction direction, so it shifts the equilibrium left and decreases the ammonia yield. Using a catalyst does not change the equilibrium position or yield, but it increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, allowing equilibrium to be established more quickly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views1 page

    What Is The Haber Process?: The Effect of Increasing Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Saket Gudimella
    The Haber process involves the reversible reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases to produce ammonia. Increasing the pressure favors the side with fewer moles of gas, so it shifts the equilibrium to the right and increases the ammonia yield. Increasing the temperature favors the endothermic, reverse reaction direction, so it shifts the equilibrium left and decreases the ammonia yield. Using a catalyst does not change the equilibrium position or yield, but it increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, allowing equilibrium to be established more quickly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    What is the Haber process?

    The Haber process involves a reversible reaction at dynamic equilibrium. The principles covered in Reversible
    reactions can be applied to explain how the rate and yield will be affected by the choice of reaction conditions.

    The yield of ammonia changes with changes in pressure and temperature. Let’s see how.

    The effect of increasing pressure


    In a reaction involving gases as reactants and/or products, increasing the pressure of the reaction mixture will
    cause the equilibrium position to move to the side with the fewest moles of gas, to reduce the pressure.

    There are fewer molecules on the right-hand side of the equation for the Haber process:

    N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

    1 + 3 = 4 molecules ⇌ 2 molecules

    If the pressure is increased, the equilibrium position moves to the right (near the products), so the yield of
    ammonia increases. The rate of reaction also increases because the gas molecules are closer together, so
    successful collisions are more frequent.

    The effect of increasing temperature


    When the temperature is increased, the position of equilibrium moves in the (direction of the
    reactants) endothermic direction to reduce the temperature.

    In the Haber process, the forwards reaction is exothermic, so the reverse reaction is endothermic.

    N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

    This means that as the temperature is increased, the position of equilibrium moves to the left, and the yield of
    ammonia decreases.

    It may seem sensible to use a very low temperature in order to maximise the yield of ammonia but lower
    temperatures reduce the rate of reaction. The temperature chosen is a compromise between yield and rate
    to increase them.

    The effect of using a catalyst


    Using iron as a catalyst will make both the forward and backward reactions equal. This reduces the time taken to
    reach the equilibrium and so it will not have any effect on the position of equilibrium or the yield of ammonia.
    Using a catalyst in the Haber process means using a lower temperature helps to keep the yield high of ammonia.

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