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    Reversible Reaction and Chemical Eq Pt1

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    yoyoyoyo boy5
    This document discusses chemical equilibrium. It states that at equilibrium, the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products no longer change. It describes how temperature, pressure, and concentration can shift the equilibrium position. Specifically, it explains that increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction and decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction. Increasing pressure favors the reaction with fewer moles of gas, and increasing concentration of reactants results in more products. The document also discusses the Haber process for producing ammonia and the conditions that favor more ammonia production.

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    Reversible Reaction and Chemical Eq Pt1

    Uploaded by

    yoyoyoyo boy5
    21 views16 pages
    This document discusses chemical equilibrium. It states that at equilibrium, the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products no longer change. It describes how temperature, pressure, and concentration can shift the equilibrium position. Specifically, it explains that increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction and decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction. Increasing pressure favors the reaction with fewer moles of gas, and increasing concentration of reactants results in more products. The document also discusses the Haber process for producing ammonia and the conditions that favor more ammonia production.

    Original Title

    Reversible Reaction and Chemical Eq Pt1 (1)

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    This document discusses chemical equilibrium. It states that at equilibrium, the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products no longer change. It describes how temperature, pressure, and concentration can shift the equilibrium position. Specifically, it explains that increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction and decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction. Increasing pressure favors the reaction with fewer moles of gas, and increasing concentration of reactants results in more products. The document also discusses the Haber process for producing ammonia and the conditions that favor more ammonia production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views16 pages

    Reversible Reaction and Chemical Eq Pt1

    Uploaded by

    yoyoyoyo boy5
    This document discusses chemical equilibrium. It states that at equilibrium, the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products no longer change. It describes how temperature, pressure, and concentration can shift the equilibrium position. Specifically, it explains that increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction and decreasing temperature favors the exothermic reaction. Increasing pressure favors the reaction with fewer moles of gas, and increasing concentration of reactants results in more products. The document also discusses the Haber process for producing ammonia and the conditions that favor more ammonia production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Equilibrium

    For a closed system at equilibrium:

    (a) the rate of the forward reaction is equal to


    the rate of the reverse reaction

    (b) the concentrations of reactants and products


    are no longer changing
    CHECKPOINT
    TEMPERATURE

    Factors that
    can shift the PRESSURE
    Equilibrium
    position
    CONCENTRATION
    EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
    The effect of temperature depends on the enthalpy
    change for the reaction.

    CHANGE ENDOTHERMIC EXOTHERMIC


    Increase in Equilibrium shifts to the Equilibrium shifts to the
    temperature right to favour the forward left to favour the reverse
    reaction. reaction.

    Decrease in Equilibrium shifts to the Equilibrium shifts to the


    temperature left to favour the reverse right to favour the
    reaction. forward reaction.
    EFFECT OF PRESSURE
    This effect only applies to
    gaseous reactants and it depends
    on the volume of the reacting
    species. The pressure is
    inversely related to the volume,
    meaning that the higher the
    volume the lower the pressure,
    and vice versa. The volume of
    the reacting species is the same
    as the number of their
    molecules.
    EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION
    An increase in the concentration of the reactants will result in a
    corresponding increase in the concentration of the products, and
    vice versa.

    (1) Removing a product from a reaction at equilibrium will allow more reactants to go on and form
    more products so that balance is regained (Right)
    (2) Adding more reactants to a reaction at equilibrium means more products must be made (Right)
    ADDITION OF
    CATALYST
    A catalyst speeds up the forward
    and back reactions equally. So the
    reaction reaches equilibrium faster,
    which saves you time. But it does not
    shift the equilibrium position of the
    reaction as there is no net change in
    the rate of the forward and the
    reverse reactions.
    THE HABER
    PROCESS
    The Haber process is
    the industrial
    preparation of
    ammonia gas under
    certain reaction
    conditions.
    6. Note that
    Iron (Fe) is a
    catalyst for the
    reaction. It
    increases the
    rate of the
    reaction
    without being
    used up in the
    reaction.
    CHECKPOINT
    Consider the chemical equation below for the manufacture of
    ammonia in the Haber process. The reaction is exothermic.

    State three conditions that will favour the


    production of more ammonia.
    Decrease in temperature: since the reaction is exothermic, a decrease in temperature will shift the
    equilibrium to the right, thereby favouring the forward reaction and hence producing more
    ammonia

    Increase in Pressure: note that the overall volume of the product is 2 volumes, and that of the
    reactants is 4 volumes. Therefore, for us to have a smaller volume (ammonia), the pressure must be
    increased. Recall that if the volume is small, then the pressure will be big, and vice versa.

    Increase the concentration of nitrogen and hydrogen gases: when the concentration of the
    reactants(nitrogen and hydrogen) is increased, it will cause the concentration of the product

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