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Ti p s
Va l u a b l eation!
& Inform

LITTLETON’S

HOW TO
COLLECT
COINS
✓ Find the answers to the
top 8 questions about coins!

✓ Are there any U.S. coin types

you’ve never heard of?

✓ Learn about grading coins!

✓ Expand your coin
collecting knowledge!

✓ Keep your coins in

the best condition!

✓ Learn all about the different

U.S. Mints and mint marks!
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WELCOME…

Dear Collector,
Coins reflect the culture and the times
in which they were produced, and U.S.
coins tell the story of America in a way
that no other artifact can. Why? Because
they have been used since the nation’s
beginnings. Pathfinders and trendsetters –
Benjamin Franklin, Robert E. Lee, Teddy
Roosevelt, Marilyn Monroe – you, your
parents and grandparents have all used
coins. When you hold one in your hand,
you’re holding a tangible link to the past. David M. Sundman,
You can travel back to colonial America LCC President
with a large cent, the Civil War with a two-cent
piece, or to the beginning of America’s involvement in WWI with
a Mercury dime. Every U.S. coin is an enduring legacy from our
nation’s past!
Have a plan for your collection
When many collectors begin, they may want to collect everything,
because all different coin types fascinate them. But, after gaining
more knowledge and experience, they usually find that it’s good to
have a plan and a focus for what they want to collect. Although
there are various ways (pages 8 & 9 list a few), building a
complete date and mint mark collection (such as Lincoln cents) is
considered by many to be the ultimate achievement. After the
anticipation of waiting to fill the next space in your album, you’ll
experience proud satisfaction when you locate that coin.
Of course, one of the greatest thrills of collecting is hunting for
elusive coins that make your collection stand out. Some collectors
dream of owning a scarce coin like the 1909-S V.D.B. Lincoln cent.
Others search patiently for prominent rarities from the annals of
numismatic lore. Coins like the 1804 Draped Bust silver dollar
with only eight known examples, and which sold for $4.14 million
in 1999; or the 1913 Liberty Head nickel, with only five known
specimens, one of which sold for $5 million in April 2007; or the
King Farouk 1933 Saint-Gaudens $20 gold piece, which sold for
$7.59 million in July of 2002. Rarities like these are not the
majority, and most collectors are drawn to the hobby because it
offers history, art, challenge of completion, and fellowship.
Whatever your interest or experience, I hope you’ll find How to
Collect Coins a fun, useful, and educational guide to the hobby.
Sincerely,

David M. Sundman, President

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INTRODUCTION TO COIN COLLECTING

For thousands of years, mankind has been attracted to collecting.
Whether it is rocks, shells, books, tools or coins, collecting awakens
curiosity and interest in all of us. Collecting makes time stand still, and
brings the past along with us. If nothing were saved, we would have no
knowledge of the past – except for what we read or are told. And bygone
days would slip into obscurity.

THE PAST LIVES AGAIN

With collectibles, the past comes to life. It is remembered through objects
that people who lived before us actually used. And this is especially true
of coins, for they were (and are) the means of daily commerce. When you
hold a 50, 200 or 2,000-year-old coin in your hand, you can’t help but
imagine where it might have been in its lifetime!
Coins are historical reminders. Whether old coins, or more recent
commemorating important people or events, you are holding an
important piece of history right in your hand!
This booklet will give you valuable information every collector should
know. But beyond a few basics, coin collecting is almost limitless in its
variety. As your knowledge increases, you’ll find your own favorite coins
and ways to collect. Once you kindle your interest in coins, you’ll have
adopted a hobby that will give you a lifetime of enjoyment!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction to Coin Collecting .................................................................. 3
Top 8 Questions About Coins ...................................................................... 4
America’s Favorite Way to Collect Coins .................................................... 8
Guide to United States Coinage ................................................................ 10
U.S. Hoards .................................................................................................. 18
Well-Known Collectors .............................................................................. 19
All About U.S. Mints and Mint Marks ...................................................... 22
Guide to World Coinage ............................................................................ 24
Your Guide to U.S. Coin Grading .............................................................. 26
Littleton’s Standards.................................................................................... 28
Caring For Your Coins ................................................................................ 29
Albums ........................................................................................................ 30
About Littleton Coin Company ................................................................ 31
Littleton’s Handy Coin Collecting Glossary .............................................. 32
What Can Littleton Do For Me? ................................................................ 34

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TOP 8 QUESTIONS ABOUT COINS

1. WHAT MAKES A COIN VALUABLE?

A coin is not necessarily valuable merely
because of age. For example, some Roman
coins more than 1,600 years old can still be
purchased today for $20 or even less! The
value of a coin, like most items, is determined
by supply and demand.
Demand is obviously a major factor. Some
coin types, such as Buffalo nickels or
Mercury dimes, are more popular than Buffalo Nickel,
others of the same denomination. Thus, more Flying Eagle Cent
and Mercury Dime
collectors are seeking the same coins, so their
prices will be affected. A coin’s value is determined by
the interrelated factors of scarcity, condition and demand.
Perhaps more coins of an earlier date may have been produced than
those of a later date, so coins that are far older may still be available. This
is supply. Of course, it all depends on how many of each has been saved,
and in what condition. A coin’s condition (the state it has been preserved
in) is an extremely important factor in its value. An Uncirculated piece
may be worth ten times or thousands of times as much as an average
circulated coin of the same date. An explanation and grading guide is on
pages 26 & 27.
2. IS THE METAL IN THE COINS VALUABLE?
Gold and silver coins have a dual value – their
numismatic or collector value, and their intrinsic
or precious metal value. Coins of higher grades
will have a greater premium over their metal
value than coins of lesser grade or condition.
Some quantities of 90% gold U.S. coins (last
minted for circulation in 1933), and 90%
silver U.S. coins (last minted for
circulation in 1964), are still available America’s most
to collectors today. A $20 gold piece, popular silver
and gold coins,
or double eagle, weighs nearly one the Morgan
full ounce. A Morgan silver dollar Silver Dollar of
contains over 3⁄4 ounce of pure silver. 1878-1921 and
the Saint-Gaudens
However, the numismatic worth of U.S. $20 Gold Double
coins usually outweighs any bullion value. Eagle of 1907-1933

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TOP 8 QUESTIONS ABOUT COINS

3. WHEN WERE COINS FIRST USED?

Lydia Silver Though the first coins are actually
Drachm attributed to Lydia in Asia Minor around
480-460 B.C. 600-700 B.C., it is now believed that bronze
coins were used in China several hundred
years earlier.
However, the Lydians were probably
Electrum ⁄ Stater
1
6
not aware of China’s existence, so their
from Phokaia coins – called “Staters” (a unit of weight)
480-400 B.C. – were invented separately. These first
Coins enlarged Staters were made of electrum, a natural
to show detail alloy of gold and silver.
4. WHEN WERE THE FIRST U.S. COINS USED?
Early American “money” consisted primarily of wampum,
beaver skins, and tobacco, items used by Native Americans
and early settlers. The colonists had no use for coinage
until foreign traders arrived and demanded
payment for goods. Most “hard
currency” tended to flow back across
Pine Tree
the Atlantic, so Massachusetts Bay Silver
Colony took matters into their own Shilling
hands and struck some of our of 1652
(22-31 mm)
earliest silver coins in 1652: the
NE (New England) silver Threepence, Spanish Silver
Sixpence and Shilling, followed by the 8 Reales
Willow Tree and Pine Tree coinage. Other
foreign coins like Spanish silver Pieces of Eight (8 Reales) also circulated.
After America won independence and the first U.S. Mint opened in 1793,
we began to strike our own national coinage.
5. HOW MANY DIFFERENT DENOMINATIONS HAVE THERE BEEN?
Today, the U.S. Mint produces coins for
circulation in these denominations: cent,
nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar, and dollar.
Plus, commemoratives in both gold
and silver are issued in various
denominations. In the past, the mints
From top right: the
have produced many different types U.S. Half Cent,
of coins, such as half cents, 2¢ pieces, Two-Cent Piece,
3¢ pieces, half dimes, and 20¢ pieces. Silver Three-Cent
Piece and Half Dime

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TOP 8 QUESTIONS ABOUT COINS

Gold coins have been produced for circulation in these denominations:
$1, $2.50, $3, $5, $10 and $20 pieces, as well as a few hundred patterns for
a $4 gold piece that was never mass-produced.
6. HOW OLD IS COIN COLLECTING?
The earliest known coin collector was the
Roman emperor Augustus. Coin collecting
became even more popular during the
Middle Ages, when wealthy persons and
royalty assembled magnificent collections.
The hobby was confined mostly to the rich,
since the general population needed every
coin to pay for food, clothing and shelter.
In the U.S., collecting also began with
the wealthy, but by 1858, there were enough
active collectors to form the American
Numismatic Association. Since the 1920s,
with U.S. commemoratives, and the 1930s,
with “penny” boards and folders, this hobby
Joseph Mickley of Philadelphia has grown steadily. Today, with many
was the first famous American
collector. His hunt for a exciting coins to collect, there are more
Large Cent from the year of his than 100 million collectors in the U.S. alone.
birth began the tradition of
collecting all of the coins of a 7. HOW DO I GET STARTED & ARE
series from every year of issue. THERE VARIOUS WAYS TO COLLECT?
There are several popular methods. At first, you may have a general
collection containing a variety of different coins. As you acquire
examples of coins – perhaps a Morgan dollar, Liberty Walking half dollar,
Buffalo nickel or Barber dime –
you will find yourself attracted
to certain ones. But the most
important thing to remember
is to develop a plan.
You may want to assemble a
complete set – every date and
mint mark of the Lincoln cent,
for example. Or you may prefer
to collect one example of each
different dime, and then tackle
An example of a date and
quarters in this same fashion. mint mark collection

Joseph Mickley photo courtesy of Q. David Bowers

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TOP 8 QUESTIONS ABOUT COINS

Another favorite way to collect is by

type. Type collecting is assembling coins
of different designs. It may be coins of
the 20th century, coins of any one
denomination, or perhaps a specimen
of each coin type minted in silver or
copper. Collecting by type can give you
a full overview of coin designs and how
they have progressed through time.
Often, when a complete set might
exceed one’s budget, you can assemble
a year set – one coin from each year
within a series. You’ll have an authentic,
official souvenir from every year of a
particular period in U.S. history. For
example: a year set of Franklin halves
would include one coin from each
year 1948-1963. (A complete set would
require a 1948, ’48-D, ’48-S, ’49, ’49-D,
’49-S, etc.) Mint marks (“D”, “S”, etc.)
are discussed in more detail on A U.S. Type Set containing
pages 22 & 23. 19th & 20th-century coins

8. WHY IS COIN COLLECTING SO POPULAR?

Coin collecting is an exciting hobby
because money is something used
by people now that was used in the
past, and is fascinating. Coins can
recall exciting periods in American
and world history, and for the most
part have been issued by official
governments. No matter how much
time you spend on a collection, you
get a sense of satisfaction and pride.
At the end of a long day, you can
relax as you go through it coin by
People of all ages and from all
walks of life enjoy the hobby of coin. Your coins will probably
collecting coins. When you hold a outlive you by hundreds or
coin in your hand, you’re holding a thousands of years! Take care of
tangible link to the past.
them, and future collectors will
appreciate your thoughtfulness.

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AMERICA’S FAVORITE WAY TO COLLECT COINS

Originally, U.S. coins were collected by
type. In the mid-1800s, someone might
have put together a collection of dollars
by design type and date, but not by date
and mint, as we do today.
Then, in 1859, Dr. Montroville W.
Dickeson published An American
Numismatic Manual. This 256-page
book was the first comprehensive
encyclopedia of U.S. coinage. Later,
Augustus G. Heaton published A
Treatise on the Coinage of the United
States Branch Mints, which raised
interest in the mint mark varieties.
Collectors then began assembling all
the different dates and mint marks of a
This color woodblock plate, from particular series – such as Lincoln cents
An American Numismatic Manual,
was printed before the age of or Washington quarters.
photographic reproduction.

AN OFFICIAL SOUVENIR FROM EVERY YEAR

Today, the coin hobby is still enjoyed in many ways, but collecting by date
and mint mark is certainly America’s favorite. Since 1793, when the U.S.
Mint began striking coins, most issues have carried their year of
production on the obverse or “heads” side. Coins
produced at branch U.S. Mints also carry a small
letter or mint mark that indicates where it was
struck. As you enjoy finding and purchasing those
special dates and mint marks you need for your
series collection, you’ll notice that there are some
issues that are more difficult to find than others.
THOSE SPECIAL “KEY DATES”
In every U.S. coin series, there are certain issues or
varieties that because of rarity and prominence are
the “keys” to completing the series. Collectors prize The “D” mint mark
on a 1950 Nickel
them because there are so few to go around! signifies a scarce,
Mint marks can be a major factor in the value low-mintage coin.
of a coin. In 1950 for instance, the popular Jefferson
nickel was produced at two different mints, Philadelphia (no mint mark)

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AMERICA’S FAVORITE WAY TO COLLECT COINS

and Denver (“D” mint mark beside Monticello on the reverse). While the
1950 nickel is not as difficult to find (mintage of 9,847,386), the 1950-D
was produced only in very small quantities (mintage of only 2,630,030)
and is scarce today. The 1950-D (pictured) is the key date of the
Jefferson nickel series.
Most Famous of All U.S. Coins – the 1909-S V.D.B.!
The Lincoln cent of 1909 to date represents the longest-
running obverse design in U.S. coinage history. When
it was first issued (on August 2, 1909), people waited at
least an hour in line to get these new “pennies.” The
demand was so great that banks limited the new cent to
just 100 per customer. Even then, supplies ran out in
three days. Shortly after its release, an uproar began
over the designer’s initials. Many thought they were
too conspicuous. When the mint decided to remove
them, the 1909 V.D.B. suddenly became the
prized issue.
With a mintage of just 484,000, the 1909-S V.D.B.
is the undisputed “king” of the Lincoln cent series,
in both Uncirculated and Circulated grades.
Although it has a low mintage, many were saved
because it was from the first year of issue. But
Victor David Brenner’s
initials, V.D.B., made because it’s so popular, there are not enough for
this first-year coin every collector who wants one. Number two in the
from San Francisco Lincoln series – the 1914-D (which has a higher
a prized collectible.
mintage) – is even more expensive than an
Uncirculated 1909-S V.D.B. because fewer survived.
HOW TO CHOOSE A SERIES THAT’S RIGHT FOR YOU
Over the years, the U.S. Mint has produced a wide variety of coins, and
Littleton has archival-quality albums for most. To choose a series,
consider how much you like the design and composition of the coin,
and the popularity of the series.
Littleton Coin Company offers a wider selection of U.S. coins than
any other company, and can help you complete a variety of different
collections. You can choose a single coinage series, or you may wish to
work on several at once. Whichever way you choose, once you complete
your collection, you’ll have a family heirloom that will be treasured for
generations to come.

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

On the following pages is a guide to United States coinage that outlines the
major design types of U.S. coins by denomination and date of issue.
HALF CENT 1793-1857

Liberty Cap Left Liberty Cap Right Draped Bust Classic Head Braided Hair
1793 1794-1797 1800-1808 1809-1836 1840-1857

The smallest denomination U.S. coin, yet nearly the size of a modern quarter.
Made of pure copper, the half cent was useful for making change during its early
years of issue. But as time passed and things grew more expensive, the half cent
lost its usefulness, and was abandoned shortly before the Civil War. Today, all half
cents are scarce. All types carry a bust of Liberty on the obverse and a wreath on
the reverse.
LARGE CENT 1793-1857

Flowing Hair, Flowing Hair Liberty Cap

(Chain reverse) (Wreath reverse) 1793-1796
1793 1793

Draped Bust Classic Head Coronet

1796-1807 1808-1814 1816-1857
Along with the half cent, one of the first two coins struck by the United States,
all the large cents were coined at the Philadelphia Mint. With twice the copper of
the half cent, they were large and heavy – greater in size than today’s quarter – so
a pocketful was quite bulky. As the price of copper rose during the 1800s, the large
cent became too expensive to produce and was replaced in 1857 by the small cent.

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

SMALL CENT 1856-DATE

Flying Eagle Indian Head Lincoln

1856-1858 1859-1909 1909-Date
America’s first small cent, the Flying Eagle, was introduced in 1856. It was
nicknamed the “white cent” because of its 88% copper and 12% nickel
composition. Designed by James Longacre, the Flying Eagle cent was minted for
just 3 years before being replaced with the Indian Head cent. Many consider this
cent with Liberty in a Native American headdress the most beautiful copper
coin. In 1909, the Lincoln cent became America’s first circulating coin to
portray a president, and is now our longest-running design.

TWO-CENT PIECE 1864-1873

The 1864 Coin Act also called for a 2¢ copper coin.
This Civil War-era coin was America’s first and only
2¢ piece. It was the first coin to carry IN GOD WE TRUST.

SILVER THREE-CENT PIECE 1851-1873

The 3¢ piece is the smallest of all U.S. silver coins.
Because it was struck in silver, the public hoarded it
along with other coins when the Civil War broke out.
Since the 3¢ piece was needed to help ease the coin
shortage caused by war, the U.S. Mint decided to
strike it in copper-nickel.

NICKEL THREE-CENT PIECE 1865-1889

The 3¢ nickel, so called because of its copper-nickel
composition, was well received by the public. This coin helped
the nation retire the unpopular 3¢ paper notes issued during the
Civil War. Once the majority of notes had been exchanged for 3¢
coins, and production of 5¢ nickels and cents increased, the
banks needed fewer 3¢ pieces.

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

NICKEL 1866-DATE

Shield Liberty Head (“V”) Buffalo Jefferson Obverse Jefferson Obverse

1866-1883 1883-1913 1913-1938 1938-2004 2005

Peace Medal Keelboat Buffalo Ocean in View Return to Monticello

2004 2004 2005 2005 2006-Date
In 1866, the nation’s first 5¢ coin of non-precious metal was created: the Shield nickel.
The prior (and first) U.S. 5¢ coin, the half dime, was silver. In 1883 came the Liberty Head
or “V” nickel, followed by the extremely popular Buffalo nickel of the early 20th century,
and then the long-running Jefferson nickel. In 2004, new Westward Journey Jefferson
nickels were released. Commemorating the Bicentennial of the Lewis & Clark expedition,
two new reverse designs were issued annually. In 2006, the popular series ended with the
“Return to Monticello” coin.
HALF DIME 1794-1873

Flowing Hair Draped Bust Capped Bust Liberty Seated

1794-1795 1796-1805 1829-1837 1837-1873
Minted in fine silver, the famous half dime was the nation’s first 5¢ coin. It was
smaller and weighed less than a nickel. Several design types were issued long
before the U.S. nickel denomination began. From 1866-1873, both the half dime
and nickel were struck. The half dime played an integral role in the early life of
America, and is of great historic and numismatic importance.
DIME 1796-DATE

Draped Bust Capped Bust Liberty Seated Barber Mercury Roosevelt

1796-1807 1809-1837 1837-1891 1892-1916 1916-1945 1946-Date
The 10¢ coin, or dime, follows closely the designs of the half dime through the
Liberty Seated type. And until 1964, when production of circulating silver coinage

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

was ceased, all circulating dimes were minted in fine silver. Dimes in higher
grades are scarce and expensive, since this denomination was used extensively
compared to quarters and halves. But many early dimes are still available in
circulated condition at a more reasonable cost.

TWENTY-CENT PIECE 1875-1878

The shortest-lived coin denomination in U.S.
history! The twenty-cent piece, minted in 90%
fine silver, was struck for circulation only in
1875 and 1876. A few hundred Proofs were
coined in 1877-1878. Soon after the coin’s
appearance, people complained that it was too
close in design and size to the quarter –
causing problems in making change. Fewer Twenty-Cent Piece
than 1.4 million were minted, so the twenty- 1875-1878
cent piece is a scarce and treasured item today.

QUARTER 1796-DATE

Draped Bust Capped Bust Liberty Seated

1796-1807 1815-1838 1838-1891

Barber Standing Liberty Washington

1892-1916 1916-1930 1932-1998

Because of the practice of cutting up the Mexican 8 Reales coin into eight parts
(thus the “Piece of Eight” name), the U.S. quarter, as 14⁄ of a dollar, became known as
“two bits.” As a silver coin of substantial size until 1964, the quarter has always been
popular – both in circulation and among collectors. Several designs have been used
since 1796, and many collectors try to assemble at least one coin of each type.
Quarters continued on next page

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

U.S. Mint image

Hot Springs
Delaware Hawaii District of Columbia
2010
1999 2008 2009
STATEHOOD, D.C. & U.S. TERRITORIES QUARTERS
A new era of coin collecting began with the start of America’s 50 State
Quarters Program in 1999. From 1999-2008, every state in the Union was
honored in the order they joined, or, in the case of the 13 original colonies,
the order they ratified the Constitution. In 2009, an additional six quarters
were issued, honoring the District of Columbia and five U.S. Territories.

AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL COMMEMORATIVE QUARTERS

In 2010 another series, modeled after the Statehood quarters, began – this
time honoring America’s national parks and historic sites. Designs are
scheduled to be released until 2021 for each of the 50 states, D.C., and the
five U.S. Territories in the order their locations first became national sites.
Release dates for America the Beautiful Quarters Series
2010 2013 2016 2019
Arkansas ....................1832 New Hampshire ........1918 Illinois ........................1939 Massachusetts............1978
Wyoming ....................1872 Ohio ............................1919 Kentucky ....................1940 N. Mariana Isl. ..........1978
California....................1890 Nevada........................1922 West Virginia ..............1944 Guam ..........................1978
Arizona ......................1893 Maryland ....................1925 North Dakota ............1946 Texas ..........................1978
Oregon........................1893 South Dakota ............1925 South Carolina ..........1948 Idaho ..........................1980
2011 2014 2017 2020
Pennsylvania ..............1895 Tennessee ..................1926 Iowa ............................1949 American Samoa ........1988
Montana .................... 1897 Virginia ......................1926 D.C. ............................1962 Connecticut................1990
Washington ................1897 Utah ............................1929 Missouri......................1964 U.S. Virgin Isl. ............1992
Mississippi ................1899 Colorado ....................1932 New Jersey..................1965 Vermont......................1992
Oklahoma ..................1902 Florida ........................1934 Indiana ......................1966 Kansas ........................1996
2012 2015 2018 2021
Puerto Rico ................1903 Nebraska ....................1936 Michigan ....................1966 Alabama ....................1998
New Mexico................1907 Louisiana....................1936 Wisconsin ..................1970
Maine..........................1916 North Carolina ..........1936 Minnesota ..................1971
Hawaii ........................1916 Delaware ....................1937 Georgia ......................1972
Alaska..........................1917 New York ....................1938 Rhode Island ..............1973

HALF DOLLAR 1794-DATE

Flowing Hair Draped Bust

1794-1795 1796-1807

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

Capped Bust 1807-1839 Liberty Seated 1839-1891 Barber 1892-1915

Liberty Walking 1916-1947 Franklin 1948-1963 Kennedy 1964-Date

Though the half dollar is almost forgotten today, it was once the major silver coin
of circulation. At one time, a half dollar was often more than a person made in a
day’s labor. To have one, or perhaps two, was a significant stash of money.
Because the half dollar is seldom seen today, it continues to grow in popularity.

DOLLAR 1794-1873

Flowing Hair 1794-1795 Draped Bust 1795-1804 Liberty Seated 1840-1873

Early silver dollars represent the remarkable era in America’s history when the
colonies united to form what would become one of the greatest nations on Earth.
Since precious silver ore was scarce in that era, the dollars of that period have very
low mintages. Silver dollars were not minted between 1804 and 1836, so those that
still circulated were scarce and hoarded. In addition to the early dollars pictured, a
number of so-called “Gobrecht” dollars were issued between 1836-1839.

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

DOLLAR 1873-DATE

Trade 1873-1885 Morgan 1878-1921 Peace 1921-1935

Susan B. Anthony
1979-1981,
1999
Eisenhower
1971-1978 American Eagle
1986-Date

Sacagawea Presidential Native American

2000-2008 2007-Date 2009-Date
The U.S. dollar coins of the late 19th century to the present are among the
most sought-after collector issues. These include Trade, Morgan, and Peace
dollars struck in 90% silver, as well as the Eisenhower dollars, which were the
last large-size $1 coins struck for circulation. The Susan B. Anthony coins
began a new era of small-size U.S. dollars, and were followed by the Sacagawea
dollars of 2000 to 2008, and the new Presidential dollar series introduced in
2007. In 2009, new Native American dollars debuted, with the familiar
Sacagawea obverse (with date and mint mark moved to the edge) and annually
changing reverse designs. The $1 American Eagle silver bullion issues, struck
in 99.93% silver, were introduced in 1986 and are the largest of all U.S. coins.

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GUIDE TO UNITED STATES COINAGE

U.S. GOLD COINS

Liberty Head $1 Gold Indian Head $2.50 Gold

1849-1854 1908-1929

Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold

1907-1933

Coronet $5 Gold Indian Head $10 Gold

1839-1908 1907-1933
Between 1795 and 1933, the U.S. Mint produced various gold coins in the
denominations of $1, $2.50, $3, $5, $10 and $20 (plus a few extremely rare $4 pattern
pieces). These beautiful coins were minted in one of the world’s most precious
metals, and designed by some of the finest artists of the day. Mintages were quite
small, and many have been melted down over the years, so U.S. gold coins are of
particular scarcity and interest today. Since 1986, American Eagle gold bullion coins
have been issued just for collectors. For many, gold coins with their unmatched
beauty and worldwide popularity represent the apex of enjoyment in numismatics.

U.S. COMMEMORATIVES

1892 Columbian Half Dollar – 1982 George Washington

the first U.S. Commemorative Half Dollar

Official U.S. commemorative coins are authorized by Act of Congress to honor

important persons, locations, and events in U.S. history. Commemoratives have
been struck in both silver and gold, and more recently, clad. They are minted only
in very small numbers compared to regular coinage. After 1954, no U.S.
commemoratives were produced until 1982, when the George Washington half
dollar was issued to commemorate the 250th anniversary of Washington’s birth.
Official U.S. issues should not be confused with so-called “commemoratives”
produced by private organizations, which are medals, not coins.

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U.S. HOARDS
Well-known hoards are exciting for collectors and the public, especially
when they were amassed under remarkable conditions. During the 1990s,
Littleton Coin purchased three unusual hoards.
NEW YORK SUBWAY HOARD
Called the New York Subway Hoard,
this stash of elusive coins was amassed
by George Shaw, a 1940s coin dealer.
Located in New York City, Shaw had Standing
Liberty
many sources for coins, including NYC Quarter
Transit Authority workers. The subway took in many from NY
coins daily, and workers had access to thousands. After Subway Hoard
the hoard purchase in 1996, Littleton’s coin buyers opened the
vault and discovered 1916 Standing Liberty quarters, 1916-D Mercury
dimes, 1896-S Barber quarters, and that was just the beginning.
VERMONT YANKEE HOARD
A. K. Miller and his wife Imogene lived a
life of Yankee frugality in their home in
East Orange, Vermont. Imogene fashioned
raincoats from plastic bags, and A. K. rode
a 1903 bicycle with patched tires.
But when they died, a fortune in cars,
antiques, silver coins, and gold and silver
The Vermont Yankee Hoard was just part ingots was discovered hidden in buildings
of a fortune estimated at $3,000,000.00. and beneath the schoolhouse floor on the
property. In the fall of 1996, Littleton purchased first-year Uncirculated 1878-S
Morgans, seldom-seen $500 and $1000 Federal Reserve Notes, and the rare
Miss Drury token. This became known as the Vermont Yankee Hoard.
MIDWEST MEGAHOARD
Near the end of 1998, Littleton bought the largest coin
hoard ever. Dubbed the Midwest MegaHoard, it held
1.7 million Indian Head cents and Liberty and Buffalo
nickels, weighed 7.6 tons, and would stretch 21.7 miles
if the coins were placed side by side. This stash was
hidden in the walls of a Midwest collector’s house.
Filling canvas sacks and 55-gallon drums, the coins in
this hoard had been off the streets, out of circulation,
since the 1950s & ’60s. According to American Coin
Treasures and Hoards by numismatist Q. David Bowers, David Sundman
with Midwest
the Midwest MegaHoard surpassed prior records MegaHoard bags
by a long shot.

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WELL-KNOWN COLLECTORS

BUDDY EBSEN
During an interview with Paul Green, Buddy Ebsen
told Numismatic News that he became interested in
collecting after buying a coin for a friend.
An admitted history buff, Ebsen told Green that
he was fascinated by the history of coins in his
collection. One of his favorites being a Territorial
gold $50 octagonal slug that had a lot of nicks on [it]. “It’s a long way
from being Mint State, but I associate a story with each one of these
nicks,”… A story about a family shoving off for the West and this is
going to put them in business. And they get attacked by Indians and
the coin is stolen”… “Every one of these nicks I start making up
stories about. So I enjoy this coin, even the heft of the coin.”
(Photo and excerpt from October 13, 2002 issue of Numismatic News with permission from
Krause Publications, Iola, WI 54990)

PENNY MARSHALL
“Film director-actress Penny Marshall, besides having a numismatic
first name, is a coin collector. Marshall said her first name came as a
sop for her brothers, who were saving their pennies for a pony, but
got a baby sister instead.”
(From August 15, 2002 issue of The Sacramento Bee)

JAMES EARL JONES

“Money. It’s difficult to imagine a world without it. …
But what exactly is money?
Money can be many things. It’s coins and currency,
credit cards and checks. But in some cultures it can be
stones, feathers, beads, salt and tobacco, even
seashells. Money can represent something else, too.
You’ve heard the expressions, ‘Money is the root of all evil’; ‘Money
makes the world go ’round’; and how about, ‘Money talks.’ Each piece
of money has a story to tell: the people, places and events portrayed
on it, those who made it, the way it was made, and why it was made.
Money: it’s history you can hold in your hands!”

(Golden Globe and Tony Awards-winning actor James Earl Jones, in the educational video program,
“Money: History in Your Hands” [American Numismatic Association and Professional Numismatists
Guild, 1995])

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“A PURE COLLECTOR”
He’s made millions from his sports and real
estate empires, but he doesn’t “invest” in
coins... he “collects” them
by Bob Lemke, Editor of Numismatic News
It’s hard to tell why more than 200 people showed
up at a special Saturday afternoon forum during
the Numismatic Association of Southern California
(NASC) convention in Los Angeles.
The lone speaker on the program told the audience,
“From experiences speaking to different groups, I
find that more people are curious about me than
actually want to hear what I have to say.”
In this case, the curiosity may stem from the fact
that Jerry Buss, Ph.D., is the only modern coin
collector to concurrently own the two great
American coin rarities: the 1913 Liberty nickel and
the 1804 silver dollar.
They may have come to hear him because of his Los Angeles Lakers owner Jerry Buss
highly visible ownership of such Los Angeles is also a coin collector.
sports properties as the L.A. Lakers of the National
His mother worked as a waitress to support herself
Basketball Association, the L.A. Kings of the
and infant son. By attending night school, she
National Hockey League, the L.A. Lazers of the
eventually became a bookkeeper. At the time of
major Indoor Soccer League, and the 17,000-seat
her death, she was head bookkeeper for her son’s
Los Angeles Forum sporting arena.
business, supervising 14 people.
In an exclusive interview with Numismatic News
In 1945, at age 12, Buss and his mother moved to a
prior to his appearance at the NASC forum, Buss
small Wyoming mining and sheep ranching town.
revealed himself to be an avid, knowledgeable and
He worked throughout his school years, but
responsible collector, who doesn’t let his fortune get
dropped out of high school because of the need to
in the way of his hobby.
support his family. A sympathetic chemistry
For Jerry Buss is, to use his own words, “a pure teacher urged him to return and Buss realized that
collector.” While he classifies his sports interests on without an education all he could look forward to
the investment side, he calls his stamps and coins was a life of unskilled labor, a small pension and a
“toys... even though they are good investments.” gold watch.
And he does recognize that rare coins are an He earned a scholarship to the University of
excellent investment medium – he just doesn’t Wyoming and an undergraduate degree in just two
think of them that way when it comes to his and a half years. A Ph.D. in chemistry from the
own collection. University of Southern California followed. He
“As a pure collector,” he continued, “I don’t think the helped put himself through school by, among other
ups and downs of the market are at all significant or things, selling tickets at the L.A. Coliseum.
meaningful. You’re fortunate if on occasion you find Later, Buss became friends with the man who
the coins you want and the market is somewhat was responsible for bringing him to the NASC
depressed and you buy it low. But at the same time, convention as a guest speaker, Lee Kuntz. Kuntz
the next one you find will probably find the market was an early investor in Buss’ enterprises (“To this
up and you’ll pay for it. In the stock market they call day I’ve never been sorry,” Kuntz says), and a fellow
it dollar averaging.” coin collector.
For Jerry Buss the good times were long in coming. Buss decided that the assembled collectors might
When he was a year old, his parents were divorced. best identify with how he went from plugging

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“A PURE COLLECTOR”
Lincoln cents into a penny board to ownership of He continued, “My tastes were becoming
the hobby’s greatest treasures. somewhat more expensive, but then at the same
time, I could afford it. In 1967-1970, the years were
Buss began coin collecting as a 10-year-old in Los
becoming more and more lucrative. The million
Angeles. “What I would do – of course all of you
suddenly became two million, which turned into
probably started the same way – was save a certain
four million which turned into ten million, and of
amount of my allowance and once a week I would
course by this time I was acquiring some really
purchase a coin.”
attractive coins.”
Buss said he would pore over the “5¢ apiece” box or
In the mid-1970s, Buss continued, “I had the first
the “10¢ apiece” box. “I religiously spent several
real trauma that any coin collector can ever have.
hours every Saturday selecting that 20¢ item,”
Namely, I was keeping my coins at my house and, of
he said.
course, somebody came in and robbed me of my
“Somewhere in that stage I was first introduced to sack of gold coins.” He said the loss of that $150,000-
the penny board, and like so many novice collectors 200,000 worth of coins “hurts more than anything
really began to get thrilled with the idea that I could I can imagine in the financial sense,” including
find a rare coin in circulation.” some deals in which he has lost $5,000,000. Since
The search paid off. “I hold as close to my heart, I that time, he has kept his collections in several
think, as any part of my collection, the three original bank vaults.
sets – Lincoln Cents, Buffalo Nickels and Mercury With the late 1970s and the unprecedented boom
Dimes – which were taken totally out of circulation. in southern California real estate property values,
They were absolutely completed, all out of Buss saw his personal wealth increase to the
circulation, with the single exception of the 1909-S $100,000,000+ level, and after 35 years was able to
VDB,” Buss said. In fact, he added, he began to realize his dream of owning the 1913 Liberty nickel
doubt that the coin was ever placed into circulation. and 1804 dollar.
During his teenage years in Wyoming, Buss began to While attending a basketball game in the spring of
buy his coins via mail order, answering classified ads 1978 with Ira Goldberg of Superior Stamp and Coin
in the back of Popular Science and Mechanics Gallery, Goldberg mentioned he had a chance to
Illustrated. He was also introduced to the 1913 buy a 1913 Liberty nickel, and asked if he would be
Liberty nickel and the 1804 dollar on the cover of a interested. “I thought about it for maybe 20-30
famous numismatic advertising circular. seconds, and said ‘yes, I would.’” The coin was
Buss then related the story of his beginnings in real his for a reported $200,000, and later that year he
estate investment and told how he became a acquired the Idler specimen 1804 silver dollar
millionaire. “There’s really no magic required to for a similar figure, also through private treaty
become a millionaire,” he said. “What it really from Superior.
requires is hard work, and hard work for a very long “One night after I bought the 1804 dollar,” Buss
time.” His formula states simply, “Get a part-time concluded, “I went back to my old, old collections
job on Saturday and do it for 10 years, taking that and sat down with my original penny board, my
money and investing it at 12%. Wait 15 more years Buffalo nickels and Mercury dimes – the three
and you’re a millionaire.” Buss continued, “If I asked original boards. I’ve never replaced any of the coins
who in this room wanted to be a millionaire, most of in those boards. I took out my first copy of the Red
you would raise your hand. But if I asked at the same Book – totally worn, I must have looked at it a
time, which of you wanted to work Saturdays for the million times. And I still had the old pamphlet of B.
next 25 years, the hands would drop. I’ve been Max Mehl, with the picture of the 1856 Flying Eagle
working Saturdays since I was 16.” cent, the 1913 ‘V’ nickel and the 1804 dollar on the
And that Saturday work finally paid off in 1967, cover; and I took those three coins and sat the
when “for the first time I recognized that I could, in pamphlet right next to them. I sat back and said, ‘My
fact, be considered a millionaire.” boy, you ain’t doing too badly.’”

Reprinted by permission of Numismatic News, a leading weekly periodical serving the numismatic world.
Subscriptions are available by writing to Numismatic News, 700 E. State Street, Iola, WI 54990-0001.

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ALL ABOUT U.S. MINTS AND MINT MARKS

America’s first mint started operations
in Philadelphia in 1793, and cents and
half cents were the very first U.S. coins
struck for circulation. Once the site
of a former brewery, that mint (shown
right) was very different from today’s
mechanized facility. All the dies were
cut by hand, and each die cutter would
add his own touches. A screw press was used to squeeze the planchets
between the obverse and reverse dies. Horses or strong men powered the
press, and the mint’s security system was a ferocious dog named Nero!
Today, four different U.S. Mints strike coins, while four others have
struck coins in the past. A small letter or mint mark on coins identifies
the mints that struck them. These marks date back to ancient Greece
and Rome. Mint marks on U.S. coins began with the passage of the Act
of March 3, 1835. This established our first branch mints, and mint
marks appeared on coins for the first time in 1838.
EIGHT U.S. MINTS PAST AND PRESENT
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
1793-Date, “P” mint mark
This has always been the main U.S. Mint facility.
Most coins struck here have no mint marks. The
exceptions are the Wartime nickels of 1942-45,
Anthony dollars of 1979, and all Philadelphia coins
since 1980 except the cent, which continues
without. (Pictured: 2nd Philadelphia Mint 1833-1901)
DENVER, COLORADO
1906-Date, “D” mint mark
Major gold and silver discoveries in Colorado led to an
establishment of a branch U.S. Mint, which grew out
of an assay office. The building, completed in 1904
and enlarged in 1937, enabled Denver to set a record
in 1969, when over 5 billion coins were produced there.
WEST POINT, NEW YORK
1984-Date, “W” mint mark
Located adjacent to the U.S. Military Academy, the
former West Point Bullion Depository officially
became a U.S. Mint on March 31, 1988. Although
West Point struck coins and medals beginning in
1974, no mint marks appeared until 1983, with the
striking of 1984 Olympic $10 gold eagles.

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ALL ABOUT U.S. MINTS AND MINT MARKS

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
1854-Date, “S” mint mark
When gold was discovered in 1848, massive
population growth began in California. Coins were
in short supply and private issues were being used.
So Congress rapidly established a San Francisco
branch mint, and coinage was under way by 1854.
(Pictured: 2nd San Francisco Mint 1874-1937)

CARSON CITY, NEVADA

1870-1893, “CC” mint mark
The Comstock Lode of Virginia City, Nevada, was such
a large strike that a branch mint was set up in nearby
Carson City, named after the famous frontiersman Kit
Carson. This Nevada mint was a short-lived facility and
produced some of the scarcest coins in numismatics.

NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA

1838-1909, “O” mint mark
This southern mint underwent a stormy
history through the Civil War years, controlled
at times by the state of Louisiana and the
Confederacy. After its closure in 1909, the
building was used as an assay office until 1942,
and was renovated as a museum in 1979.

CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA

1838-1861, “C” mint mark
This short-lived southern branch mint struck
only gold coins during its brief existence. It was
seized in 1861 by the Confederacy and was
never re-opened.

DAHLONEGA, GEORGIA
1838-1861, “D” mint mark
Another short-lived southern branch
mint that struck only gold coins. It too
was seized in 1861 by the southern forces
and was never re-opened as a mint.

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GUIDE TO WORLD COINAGE

World coins offer collectors an amazing variety. Some coins are
hundreds of years old, with portraits of bygone kings and heroes,
while others are modern, with detailed designs. Many have exotic
names like Ducat, Franc, Peso or Rouble. Each coin is a treasure-
house of knowledge with its own exciting story to tell! Royal crests,
rulers, historic events, natural wonders, and other artwork can be
part of their design. Collectors have sought out world coins because

SOUTH AFRICA GOLD KRUGERRAND

Released in 1967, the one-ounce gold Krugerrand became
the world’s first bullion coin. This 91.7% gold coin set
the standard for others to follow. (1⁄4 oz. shown)

MEXICO SILVER LIBERTAD

Although the 99.9% silver Libertad was
struck in 1982, it wasn’t released until
1984. The Libertad displays “El Angel,”
Winged Angel of Victory, first used on
Mexican coins in 1921.

CHINA SILVER PANDA

China’s one-ounce 99.9% silver Panda coin
was first released in 1983. The Temple of
Heaven, completed in 1420, is on the
obverse. A panda, the world’s rarest
mammal, is featured on the reverse.

RUSSIA GOLD ROUBLES

Rouble coinage dates back to the Middle Ages.
Struck in 90% gold, this 10 Roubles features
Russia’s last czar, Nicholas II. The reverse
shows the double-headed eagle of Russia.

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GUIDE TO WORLD COINAGE

they offer a snapshot of the nation that issued them. They bear
legends in different languages, unique designs, and represent a
distinctive history. Many coins share common themes like tall
ships, wildlife, birds or famous people. Plus, there are those with
unusual shapes or with holes at the center. World coins offer
countless ways to form a collection. Here are a few examples of the
numerous types that are available:

ROMANIA COPPER BANI

Struck in 1867, this Old World coin is from Romania’s
first-ever coin series. It was issued under Prince Carol I,
the nation’s first ruler. The coat of arms is on the
obverse and the denomination is on the reverse.

GERMANY REICHSMARKS
The Third Reich’s largest silver coin was
the German 5 Reichsmarks, struck in 90%
silver. The obverse features the heraldic
eagle of Germany, and the reverse
features the Potsdam Garrison Church.

EAST AFRICA BRONZE COINS

Prior to 1960, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika,
and Zanzibar were British Colonies known
as East Africa, and shared a common
coinage. The distinctive center hole is
believed to bring good luck to the bearer.

EURO COLLECTION
Twelve different European nations officially
converted to the Euro in 2002. Each country’s
Euro has a common obverse used by the
member nations, and its own unique reverse.

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YOUR GUIDE TO U.S. COIN GRADING

Grade, or condition, is a measurement of a coin’s state of preservation
(or quality). In most cases, the higher a coin’s grade, the more scarce it is,
since the majority of coins find their way into extensive circulation. And
the higher a coin’s quality, the greater its value, since the original design
and appearance are more fully present. Hobbyists collect coins in a
variety of grades, based upon their preference and budget. Of course,
coins in different grades command different prices, depending on the
series, scarcity, and demand. Below are general descriptions for
circulated grades, as well as attributes of both Uncirculated and Proof
coins. There can be a combination of subtle differences that make up
various ranges within a grade.
CIRCULATED COINS
Circulated coins have been used to some extent in daily commerce and have some “wear”
from handling. Because older and scarcer U.S. coins may be very difficult to locate in mint
Uncirculated condition, circulated coins may better suit your need for some coin series
and issues. The grades for circulated U.S. coins are described as follows:

Good
Coin will have a fully readable date. The rims will be
nearly full and may be worn down to the tops of the
letters. The design of the coin will be fully outlined.

Very Good
Coin will have a fully defined rim and full legends
with all the lettering and numerals distinct. Some
detail in the design of the coin will begin to show.

Fine
Moderate wear will be evident. The date will be
bold and all letters and legends will be clear. Major
elements in the design will show some separation.

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YOUR GUIDE TO U.S. COIN GRADING

Very Fine
Approximately two-thirds of the coin’s overall
design will be visible. The date, letters, and major
elements of the design will be sharply defined.

Extra Fine
All elements in the design will be clearly visible.
There may be mint luster evident, especially
around the edges of the design. The high points
of the design will be slightly worn.

UNCIRCULATED AND PROOF COINS

Uncirculated coins are coins that have never been in
circulation. Coins may have been stored for many years in
original mint-sealed bags, or stored in bank wrapped rolls,
or carefully preserved by collectors. As a result, Uncirculated
coins exhibit no wear from general circulation. Depending
on the contact they may have had with other coins or
atmospheric conditions during or after coining, blemishes,
staining, bag marks and toning may be present. Uncirculated
coins may lack luster and still be considered Uncirculated.
Because they represent greater quality and scarcity, they
carry higher values. Uncirculated grades range from MS-60
Typical to MS-70 Perfect. Most Uncirculated coins range from MS-60 to MS-63+, as very
few coins meet the technical standards for MS-65 or higher.
Proof is not a grade, it is a method of manufacture. Proof
coins are made by a special process using carefully selected
coin blanks and dies, which are meticulously polished and
burnished to remove any and all imperfections. The coin
blanks are slowly fed into a specially adapted coin press, and
are struck twice – at slow speed and with extra pressure – to
produce high-relief features contrasted against deep mirror-
like surfaces. The dies are polished frequently, and are replaced
after only a limited number of strikes. The finished Proof coins
are inspected to rigid standards, handled only with gloves or
tongs, and specially packaged for delivery to collectors.
Some coins have been certified and encapsulated. These must first meet our exacting
grading standards and then are graded by an independent service. When adding one to your
collection, it’s important to look at the coin within the holder to see if it appeals to you.

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LITTLETON’S STANDARDS

WHAT MAKES A COIN GOOD ENOUGH TO BE A ‘LITTLETON’?

In this rewarding hobby, collectors are meticulous and their expectations
are high. To be in business since 1945, and remain as one of America’s
favorite coin companies, means that in addition to delivering coins and
paper money that steadily meet or exceed our customers’ expectations, we
must consistently deliver superior-quality service.
LITTLETON CAREFULLY SCRUTINIZES Mary
OVER 10 MILLION COINS A YEAR! carefully
For more than 60 years, we’ve built invaluable examines
some
relationships that cannot be duplicated. We classic
seek out the best coins to offer to you and Mercury
our other valued customers. Each year we Dimes
before
examine by hand over 10 million coins. Our they go to
in-house staff of coin buyers and graders – inventory.
one of the most experienced and respected in
the hobby – scrutinizes each and every coin! Only after each one is
carefully examined by our experts is it added
to our inventory. Littleton’s tough grading
standards mean that we reject nearly 50% of
the coins we look at. That’s approximately
5 million coins a year we’ve painstakingly and
thoroughly studied only to determine that
they are not good enough to be a ‘Littleton.’
So this is why millions of collectors
throughout America only want ‘Littletons’
Our expert buyers Butch, Jim
and Ken scrutinize each and
for their collections.
every coin for your collection.

“I would like to tell Littleton that they are the premier coin company in America.
They give you complete and total satisfaction, courteous service, prompt delivery,
and above all the best grading system I have ever seen!
G.C.
Connersville, IN
Our fussiness means that you are guaranteed that every coin you buy has
met rigorous standards, so you get what you pay for and then some! Every
coin that earns the ‘Littleton’ name comes with a 45-Day Money Back
Guarantee of Satisfaction. And our famous, unbeatable, friendly service is
second to none.

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CARING FOR YOUR COINS

Proper handling and storage of coins is not difficult and will maintain the
natural condition (and value) of collectible coins. Appropriate care also
helps preserve your coins for the benefit of future collectors.
Handling: Coins should be held by
their edges between thumb and
forefinger (see picture). This will
protect coin surfaces and designs
from fingerprints and the natural
oils in fingers or palms that can be
corrosive over time. In fact, many
experienced collectors prefer to use
soft cotton gloves when handling
their high-quality Uncirculated or
Proof coins. A wide variety of coin
holders and albums is available from Littleton for easy viewing and
examination of both sides of a coin without actual handling.
Cleaning: Improper cleaning, more than anything else, has harmed
valuable coins. High-quality Uncirculated and Proof coins should never
be cleaned, as improper cleaning can cause permanent loss of original
mint finish and color (and permanent loss of value). Experts can easily
detect an improperly cleaned coin. Most experienced collectors and
dealers agree that coins should only be cleaned by experts.
Storage: High humidity, air pollution, salt air, and temperature extremes
can sometimes affect the surfaces of coins. It is best to store coins in
protective holders or albums, and to keep them in an area of relatively
uniform temperature. As your collection becomes more valuable, you
may choose to store some or all of your coins in a safe-deposit box. If you
choose to keep your collection in your home, we recommend that you
check with your insurance company to ensure that your collection is
covered for its full replacement cost.
Please note: The clear coin wrappers used by Littleton are sealed to
provide protection for your coins during delivery, and easy identification
and examination without removal. You can store your coins in these
custom clear wrappers, or you can remove them for placement in albums,
holders, or other storage containers (also available from Littleton). When
returning coins, we prefer that you keep them in the clear wrappers.
Littleton’s colorful, exclusive Showpak® holders are custom designed for
permanent storage and protection of your coins, and cannot be resealed
once opened.

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L ITTLETON ’ S C USTOM A LBUMS & F OLDERS

Acid-free glues
won’t harm coins Acid-free
papers to help
PH-neutral coin PVC-free, crystal- preserve coins
Littleton’s sturdy albums board, safe and clear slides won’t
feature 3-ring binder warp-free yellow
construction so pages lie
flat for easy viewing Heavy-duty construction for long-term protection

Albums and folders provide a way to organize your collection by

series, and help you track the coins you already own, as well as those
you still need to find. You’ve spent the time searching for each of your
coins, so you’ll want to display and protect them. And Littleton has
the solution…
Because Littleton Coin Company has helped collectors enjoy the
hobby and build collections since 1945, it was only natural to develop
an exclusive line of albums and folders. These custom albums and
folders, which feature mintage figures and series information, have
become the choice among many collectors. Littleton offers more than
40 albums that feature:
✓ Archival-quality material to help protect your collection
✓ Sturdy 3-ring binder construction that makes it easy to add
or remove album pages
✓ The durable pages with solid brass eyelets lie flat when the
album is open for easy viewing of your coins
✓ Labeled spaces for dates and mint marks for easy tracking
of your collection
In addition, Littleton offers over 30 economical custom folders.
Also made with archival quality materials, the slim design makes for
easy storage and display. The folders feature labeled spaces for dates
and mint marks, and provide mintage figures and series information.
Here’s what one satisfied customer recently said about our
custom albums:
“I am proud to show my collection, but that increases a hundredfold when
they are in your LCC Custom Albums. The albums are easy to use, and show
the collection to the best advantage!”
K.A.
Topeka, KS

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ABOUT LITTLETON COIN COMPANY

OVER 60 YEARS OF CONVENIENT SERVICE
TO COLLECTORS IN ALL 50 STATES
Littleton Coin Company was founded by Maynard
Sundman, who turned his enthusiasm for
collectibles into one of the largest collectibles
firms in the country.
Maynard and Fannie Sundman officially
founded the firm in 1945, although Maynard had
operated a small stamp business from his home
in Bristol, Connecticut in the 1930s. When he was
drafted into the army in 1941, he put his stamp
Maynard and Fannie business on hold and served his country overseas.
Sundman in 1941
Resuming the business...
After the war, Maynard and Fannie moved to Littleton, New Hampshire,
an attractive small town nestled in the picturesque White Mountains.
Littleton Stamp & Coin Company began in a small upstairs office, but
the mail-order firm experienced steady growth by offering a range of
services for collectors. Most popular were its Stamps-on-Approval and
Coins-on-Approval Services, which allowed collectors to examine
stamps or coins in their homes before they decided whether to
purchase. The firm also began publishing catalogs and price lists of
stamps and coins.
Growth and expansion...
In 1974, the Sundman family
purchased the Mystic Stamp
Company in Camden, New York,
and Maynard and Fannie’s
youngest son Don took the reins
of the newly acquired firm. The
Littleton operation later became The Littleton family is ready to help
you enjoy the hobby.
devoted exclusively to coins and
paper money. The Sundmans’ oldest son, David, became president
of Littleton Coin Company in 1985, and continued to expand its coin
selections and collector services. The company’s current headquarters is an
85,000-square-foot, state-of-the-art building.
Today, the company is one of America’s largest coin retailers, offering
a wide selection of U.S. and world coins and paper money through a
variety of mail-order services to all 50 states and beyond.

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COIN COLLECTING GLOSSARY

Alloy – A mixture of two or more metals.
Assay – To analyze and determine the purity of metal.
Bag Mark – A mark on a coin from contact with other coins in a mint bag.
Bullion – Precious metal in the form of coins, bars, ingots, etc.
Burnished – Burnishing involves specially polishing and treating planchets before
striking. The resulting coins bear a smooth, matte-like finish.
Business Strike – A coin intended for circulation (as opposed to a Proof coin
made specially for collectors).
Bust – A portrait on a coin usually including the head, neck and upper shoulders.
Clad Coinage – Coins with a core and outer layer of differing substances. Most
modern U.S. dimes, quarters, and half dollars feature a clad composition.
Collar – A metal piece that restrains the expanding metal of a planchet during
striking, and creates the 3rd side of a coin (edge).
Commemorative – A coin of special design, issued to honor an outstanding
person, place, or event in history.
Condition – The physical state of a coin.
Counterfeit – A coin or piece of currency, imitating a genuine article and intended
to deceive buyers or users.
Currency – Any medium of exchange, including coins, paper money, and other
items of value used in daily commerce.
Denomination – The value represented by specific currency, such as a cent, dime
or dollar.
Designer – The artist who creates a coin’s design (but doesn’t necessarily engrave
the design into a coinage die).
Device – A symbol or figure on a coin.
Die – A piece of metal bearing the design of the coin. Two dies (front and back)
come together against a coin blank to strike a finished coin.
Edge – The outer border of a coin, considered the “third side” (not to be confused
with “rim”). Some coins feature lettering, reeding, or ornamental designs on
their edges, formed by the collar.
Engraver – The person who cuts the design into a coinage die (not necessarily
the designer).
Error – A coin improperly produced but not detected, and released by the mint.
Face Value – The sum for which a coin can be spent or exchanged (a dime’s face
value is 10¢), as opposed to its collector or precious metal value.
Field – The portion of a coin’s surface not used for design or inscription.
Grade – Condition or amount of wear a coin has received (see pages 26 & 27).
Hairlines – Minute lines or scratches, often caused by cleaning or polishing.
Incuse – A coin design that has been impressed below the coin’s surface, rather
than raised above the surface.
Inscription – The lettering that runs (usually horizontally) across the fields of a coin.
Intrinsic Value (melt value) – Refers to the value of the metal in a coin.
Key Date – A scarce date required to complete a collection, usually more difficult
to find and afford.

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COIN COLLECTING GLOSSARY

Legal Tender – A coin, note, or other article issued by a government as
official money.
Legend – The lettering that circles a coin’s fields just inside its borders.
Medal – A metal object resembling a coin, but not of legal tender status.
Mint – A facility that produces coins (see pages 22 & 23).
Mint Luster – The dull, frosty, or satiny shine or finish found on coins, resulting
from the centrifugal flow of metal as dies strike the coin blank.
Mint Mark – A small letter that identifies the mint that struck the coin.
Mint Set – Uncirculated set of each coin denomination from a particular mint.
Mint State – Same as Uncirculated.
Mintage – The quantity of coins produced.
Motto – A phrase or slogan on a coin that is often political or religious, and
meaningful to a particular country.
Numismatics – The study and collecting of coins or articles used as money.
Obsolete – A coin design or type that is no longer produced.
Obverse – The front (or “heads”) side of a coin.
Paper Money – Any currency made of paper or similar woven material (U.S. issues
include obsolete Silver Certificates and current Federal Reserve Notes).
Pattern – An experimental or trial piece, generally of a new design or metal.
Planchet – The blank piece of metal on which a coin design is stamped.
Proof – A method of manufacture by which coins are made using highly polished
planchets and dies, often struck twice to accent the design.
Proof Set – A set of Proof coins of every denomination made in a year.
Relief – Any part of a design that is raised above the coin’s surface is in relief.
Restrike – A coin minted after the year of its date from the original dies.
Reverse – The back (or “tails”) side of a coin.
Rim – The raised circumference of a coin’s obverse and reverse, circling the design
and protecting it from wear (not to be confused with “edge”).
Roll – Coins packaged by banks or dealers in quantities: 50 cents, 40 nickels,
50 dimes, 40 quarters, 20 half dollars, etc.
Series – All dates and mint marks of a specific design and denomination.
Staining – A white to yellow coloration which occurs naturally during the minting
process, commonly found on uncirculated silver coins.
Strike – The process of stamping a coin blank with a die bearing the design.
Toning – Coloration (patination) caused by chemical reaction to the air or other
materials over time.
Type Collecting – Assembling coins on the basis of design instead of by date and
mint mark; collecting a coin of each different design in a series.
Uncirculated – Without rub, friction or wear from circulation.
Variety – A minor change from the basic design type of a coin.
Year Set – Collection including one coin from each year within a series.

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WHAT CAN LITTLETON COIN DO FOR ME?

Since Littleton Coin Company opened its doors in 1945, this
family-owned business has been dedicated to providing outstanding
service to collectors. When you collect with Littleton, you have our
entire team of employees working just for you, from right here in
New Hampshire’s beautiful White Mountains! Whether helping you
build your collection on the phone, through our website and catalogs,
or behind the scenes, teams of employees here in Littleton are
working to ensure you have the coins, paper money, supplies and
collecting information to fully enjoy this exciting hobby. Your
satisfaction is our top priority!
The largest selection of U.S. coins
in the widest range of grades!
Littleton offers you the widest variety of coins and paper money
available. Internet-based networks connect us to over 2,000 dealers,
and Littleton’s coin buyers continuously travel to coin shows across
the country to replenish our inventory.
See each coin before you buy
Enjoy Littleton’s convenient “Free Examination”
Coins-on-Approval Service and collector clubs.
This special service lets you examine coins in your
home before you buy. It’s like having a coin shop
come to your house. You buy only what you want
from any selection, and you can cancel this special
service at any time – there’s no obligation. Here’s
what W.H. of Bowie, Texas has to say:
Amanda
“It is simply wonderful to have the opportunity to Customer Service
receive coins at our homes and view them before
actually buying them.”

Special Request Service

If you’re looking for special coins, notes, or grades of currency that
you just can’t find, take advantage of our Special Request Service.
We’re connected to dealers around the world, and our buyers always
take customer “want lists” with them.
Call toll free to order or speak with Customer Service
Simply call 1-800-645-3122 to speak with one of our friendly Customer
Service representatives. Whether you’re placing credit card orders,
want details about Littleton’s Interest-Free Payment Plan, or just have
questions, we’re here to serve you.

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WHAT CAN LITTLETON COIN DO FOR ME?

One-stop shopping and collector information 24 hours a day,
7 days a week at LittletonCoin.com
Visit the informative, easy-to-use
LittletonCoin.com, and you can
choose from our vast inventory of
over 25,000 different coin and paper
money issues – as well as our
complete line of collecting supplies
and publications. You can explore the
fascinating world of collecting, and
take advantage of online-only
special offers! Always safe and
secure, LittletonCoin.com offers
advanced search and site navigation,
easy checkout, and order tracking.

MORE FREE PUBLICATIONS FOR COIN COLLECTORS –

EXCLUSIVELY FROM LITTLETON COIN COMPANY
• Hard to Find Coins & Currency Catalog – Shop
from the comfort of your home using this color
catalog packed with popular coins,
currency, and collecting supplies!
• Littleton Showcase – Discover rare and
unusual coins, currency and other
collectibles, some in very limited
quantities. And enjoy fascinating
historical and numismatic information.
• How to Collect U.S. Paper Money – Enter
the world of paper money collecting and
learn exciting information about the
history, counterfeiting, even the meaning
behind all the seals, illustrations and
markings on American notes.
• Profit Share Wish Book – You’ll earn 10
Profit Shares for each dollar you spend on
merchandise. Then redeem your Shares for FREE
coins, paper money, and supplies offered in this illustrated catalog.
• How to Collect Ancient Roman Coins – Valuable guide to the fascinating
coins and rulers of the ancient Roman Empire!

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IT’S NEVER TOO L ATE TO

BUILD A COLLECTION YOU’LL
CHERISH FOR YEARS TO COME!
Whether you’re collecting for fun and relaxation,
or to create an heirloom for others to enjoy,
Littleton Coin Company has helped collectors like
you since 1945. Over the years, we’ve developed
a wide range of services to help you get the most
out of your collection.

✓ RISK-FREE Examination Service – inspect

each coin for up to 15 days before you buy
✓ Collector Clubs – assemble a comprehensive
collection easily, affordably and risk free!
✓ Your specific coin needs are met with
Littleton’s Special Request Service
✓ Visit fun & informative LittletonCoin.com
✓ Our friendly Customer Service staff is just
a toll-free call away at 1-800-645-3122
✓ Earn Profit Shares that you can redeem for
FREE coins, currency and hobby supplies!

Littleton’s 45-Day Money Back

Guarantee of Satisfaction
You must be completely satisfied with every purchase you
make from Littleton. If not, simply return it within 45 days
for a prompt exchange or refund, whichever you prefer.

America’s Favorite Coin Source • TRUSTED SINCE 1945

1309 Mt. Eustis Road, Littleton NH 03561-3735
1-800-645-3122

LC-156A 4/10 ©2001-2010 LCC, LLC