I.J.

Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8

Published Online May 2017 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/)
DOI: 10.5815/ijieeb.2017.03.01

Construction and Development of an Automated

Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno
T. Saha, M. K. H. Jewel, M. N. Mostakim, N. H. Bhuiyan, M. S. Ali and M. K. Rahman
Dept. of Applied Physics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Islamic university, Kushtia, Bangladesh

H. K. Ghosh and Md. Khalid Hossain*

Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
*Corresponding Author Email: khalid.baec@yahoo.com

Abstract—An automated greenhouse is a framework that (Keil Compiler based 8051) with A/D converter is used
utilizes nursery innovations to make a positive ecological [3]. The climatic condition which is favorable for the
condition virtually to develop ideal creation of plants. mini Orchid was studied. According to the study, finally
Controlling climatic conditions are one of the most mini Orchid Greenhouse was designed successfully that
critical challenges in agribusiness. In like manner, a was automated [4].
robotized nursery framework has been developed to Now a day’s agriculture doesn’t only limit to cultivate
accomplish observations and controlling of the climatic crops rather following convenient and efficient way to
parameters which is straightforwardly or in a roundabout grow more crops. The demand & usefulness of
way that administers the plants development and greenhouse technology is increasing with increase in
generation. In a nursery using greenhouse structure that is population and there is no alternative of it to cope with
made with glass or plastic it warms up from approaching epicurean lifestyles of people. Not only that, it is not
obvious sun oriented radiation which is consumed by the convenient to rely on natural climatic condition in
plants and absorbed by the surface. Eventually air is agriculture. It can easily be realized from the histories
warmed by the warmth from hot inside surfaces and held behind the development of greenhouse technology. In 30
within the nursery dividers that makes the environment AD at Rome; the ailing emperor Tiberius once became
inside it warmer. With the association of present day sick and was asked by the royal physician to take
innovations, this research takes a risk to actualize these cucumber as medicine. But the season wasn’t favorable
frameworks for farming with no human consideration. enough to get cucumber. Eventually a room with
The motivation behind this exploration is to make an transparent roof was made. Sunlight used to be passed
innovation that makes exceedingly exact environment in through the transparent roof and additional heat could
a work sparing angle. In this work an Atmega328 MCU is have been given into it from outside from a fireplace to
utilized to do some predefined tasks, made by some maintain optimum warmth. That was how greenhouse
specific codes with the help of an Arduino prototyping had been invented [5].
board. The system projects the parameters in a display as The objective of this work is to design a simple, easy
well as controls four vital parameters like temperature, to install, microcontroller-based circuit to monitor and
light, humidity and soil moisture to accomplish viability record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture
and functionality of nursery environment control gadgets. and sunlight of the natural environment that are
continuously modified and controlled in order to optimize
Index Terms—Greenhouse, Humidity, Moisture, Sensor, them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield. This
AT-MEGA328, Light Dependent Resistor. makes the proposed system to be an economical, portable
and a low maintenance solution for greenhouse
applications, especially in rural areas and for small scale
I. INTRODUCTION agriculturists.
The rest of the paper has been designed as follows-
Greenhouse is an important part in agriculture and section-2 proposed system, section-3 hardware design
horticulture sectors. It can be used to grow plants under and development, section-4 system simulation, results &
controlled climatic conditions for optimum production. discussion and discussion and section-5 conclusions.
Crop production and quality have significantly increased
with the utilization of greenhouse which has helped us to
cope with the ongoing rising demands.
II. RELATED WORK
For the improvement of greenhouse technology, the
first attempt was made to develop automated system for To manage greenhouse with the Embedded System and
watering plants [1]. To achieve the better enhancement of Zigbee Technology was implemented by S.Thenmozhi et
the growth of the plants in greenhouse, Data Acquisition al [6]. Remote Monitoring Station was implemented by
Using Arduino was introduced [2]. For improving the Jonathan A. Enokela et al [7] for securing Greenhouse
performance of greenhouse automation, microcontroller Control System. Climate monitoring system based on

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
2 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology was III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

developed by Mahmoud Shakeret et al [8]. A. Rahali et al
This system consists of various sensors, namely soil
[9] developed greenhouse system based on GSM. CAN
moisture, temperature, humidity and light sensors. These
Bus is used to automate green house by Shridhar
sensors sense various parameters and are then sent to the
Joteppagol.M et al [10]. By using ARM7 Controller
microcontroller. Here, Atmega328 MCU is used which
Sushama Arjun Kolhe et al [11] describe greenhouse
controls the greenhouse.
automation. Another technique was implemented by
To implement greenhouse environment, soil moisture
using Zigbee and Smart Phone. Y.R.Dhumal et al [12]
sensors, temperature sensors, LDR, humidity sensors are
had implemented this by using synchronizing software
studied. After studying these, the program has been
(TEAM VIEWER) to communicate with Visual Basic
written on to the microcontroller for specific environment
Software via Web Server to an Android mobile phone.
conditioning.
The natural and the artificial environments are combined
The desired temperature and humidity are maintained
by R.Arunraj et al [13]. In this system temporarily
by turning on heater/cooler. The moisture level within
opened/closed roof is used to utilize natural heat for the
soil is also be controlled by turning the water valve on/off.
purpose of maintain room temperature. This system also
Desired light intensity for that environment can also be
uses PLC technology that controls multiple environments
controlled by emergency lights when necessary. Hence,
at a time.
the greenhouses’ environment is controlled automatically.

Fig.1. Block Diagram of the Proposed System

Fig.1 illustrates a block diagram of greenhouse actuators to perform a control operation. An array of
automation system design with its hard ware components actuators can be used in the system such as relays,
involved and connections. Here the main component is contactors, and change over switches etc. They are used
the microcontroller (At mega 328). Four sensors have to turn on AC devices such as motors, coolers, pumps etc.
been used to feed the input parameters at AT mega 328. It For the purpose of demonstration relays have been used
reads this sensor output and can generate output to drive AC bulbs to simulate actuators and AC devices.
according to the program written into it. It can read both A complete working system can be realized by simply
digital and analog inputs and can generate digital output. replacing these simulation devices by the actual devices.
For example, ATmega 328 reads analog data from Implementation of the proposed system can be done in
humidity sensor and then generates digital high/low two ways:
output according to the threshold value which is written
in the program, if it reads digital data from the moisture 1) As a research system: Any agriculture farm can
sensor then it can generate digital high/low output evaluate system requirements for an individual
according to the internal logic written into the program. plant species by setting different logics and values
The microcontroller constantly monitors the digitized to get desired results.
parameters of the various sensors and verifies them with 2) As a product: This proposed system can be
the predefined threshold values and checks if any supplied as a package product with predefined
corrective action is to be taken for the condition at that climatic parameters required for different species.
instant. In case if such a situation arises, it activates the

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno 3

data from the area continuously to keep the greenhouse

IV. HARDWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT humidity and temperature at desired level. The
greenhouse system has some static humidity and
Fig. 2 represent the graphical representation of the temperature levels. Above/bellow those values, the
application of the system. The hardware system is microcontroller sends corresponding signal to the
developed with combination three different parts. interface devices that turns on the air-condition on to
A. Humidity& Temperature Sensors restore the greenhouse humidity and temperature. It takes
analog input from the humidity and temperature sensors
Humidity is the presence of water in air. Therefore, to and provides digital output. The flowcharts of the
measures both moisture and air temperature, this part of operations are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
the system monitors real time humidity and temperature

Fig.2. Graphical representation of the application of the system.

Fig.3. Flowchart for humidity measurement.

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
4 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno

Fig.4. Flowchart for temperature measurement.

signal to the corresponding devices to turn on the pump.

B. Soil Moisture Sensors
Furthermore, when the soil has moisture to a desired level
This section has been used to detect the water level in the microcontroller sends signal to turn off the pump
the corresponding greenhouse. If there is a lack of water through interfacing devices according to the sensors
in greenhouse the detector senses, it and sends signal to output. The program is written on the microcontroller
the microcontroller. Therefore, the microcontroller sends according to the flowchart represent in Fig. 5.

Fig.5. Flowchart for automatic water pump control.

Furthermore, when sunlight is at a desired level the

C. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
microcontroller sends signal to turn off the lights
If there is a lack of sunlight in greenhouse the detector according to the sensor output. To on/off the lights in the
senses, it and sends signal to the microcontroller. greenhouse depending on the sunlight intensity, the
Therefore, the microcontroller sends corresponding signal program was written on the microcontroller according to
to the interfacing device to turn on the lights. the flowchart shown in Fig. 6.

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno 5

Fig.6. Flowchart for automatic light intensity control.

Proteus 8 window, Table 1 illustrates system functions

V. SYSTEM SIMULATION, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION status for our project.
To maintain climatic condition inside the greenhouse
The overall proposed automated greenhouse system the temperature, humidity, LDR and soil moisture sensors
containing temperature sensor, humidity sensor, LDR, are used to sense the natural climatic condition, whose
soil moisture control system is simulated by using output signals used by the microcontroller to control the
leading climate control devices shown in Fig. 7.

Fig.7. Simulation circuit of the system.

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
6 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno

Table 1. System functions status

Hum µC Temp µC LDR µC µC
Obs no Moisture Value
Value Action Value Action Value Action Action
1 <30 High <20 High <400 High High Low
2 >75 High >35 High >400 Low Low High
3 >30&<75 Low >20&<35 Low --- --- ---

Climatic parameters such as humidity, temperature, species wise it is necessary to ensure suitable temperature,
light, soil moisture etc. have impact on agriculture. humidity, light and soil moisture level. Table 2 represent
Starting from seed sow to crop collection every step has the plant wise information of humidity and temperature
different requirements of climatic parameters. They even level.
differ from species to species. So, to get optimum growth

Table 2. Plant wise information of humidity and temperature level

Obs no Fruits Suitable Country Required Temperature Required Humidity

1. Watermelon China, Turkey, Iran Higher than about 25 °C (77 °F) to thrive Medium
2. Kiwifruit China, Italy, New Zealand Average Summer Heat Average
3. Strawberry USA, Turkey, Spain 15 – 27°C Low
4. Raspberry Russia, Poland, United States late summer and fall High
5. Orange Brazil, United States, China, India 15.5 and 29 °C Moderated

Fig.8. Implement circuit.

The Fig. 8 represent the practical implemented circuit by turning the water valve on/off. The desired light flux
of the developed system. Since the proposed system is a for that environment can also be controlled by using
climate control package from the title there the climatic emergency lights when necessary. Thus, the greenhouse
parameters are controlled automatically by using various environment is controlled automatically. The systems
sensors threshold values (programmable by reaction time to restoration of variations of microclimatic
microcontroller). In a greenhouse for good plantation parameters suffers from a few µs delay because of the
some parameters like temperature, humidity, soil program scan cycle.
moisture and light must be controlled. For these reason
four sensors (temperature sensor, humidity sensor, soil
moisture sensor and LDR) are used to develop this VI. CONCLUSIONS
system. The program is written on to the microcontroller
for the specific environment conditioning. The desired The developed system is suitable for both large scale
temperature and humidity are maintained by turning on agribusiness as well as small agriculture farm. For large
heater/cooler. The moisture in soil are also be controlled scale agribusinesses, the cost will be increased for

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno 7

conditioning equipment’s but the controlling cost will be [13] R.Arunraj , S.Motheeswaran, M.Venkatesan, M.Karthik,
same in all arenas which are significantly less than labor K.Raja ―Smart Green House using PLC with Irrigation and
costs. Moreover, the efficiency and accuracy of the Fertilizer Feeding‖; IJSRD - International Journal for
system is more accurate than manual systems. Human can Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 01, 2015
| ISSN (online): 2321-0613.
observe whether the soil is wet or not. But the proposed
system is able to measure the actual amount of moisture
that is present in the soil. Again, it is very tough for
human to measure actual light intensity, temperature and
Authors’ Profiles
humidity while this proposed system can do them all very
accurately. It eliminates risk of human errors to maintain Tamosree Saha received her B.Sc. (Hons’)
a greenhouse at a specific environmental condition. degree from the dept. of Applied Physics,
Moreover, it is also eco-friendly. With the addition of Electronics and Communication
wireless technologies between the sensors the system can Engineering of Islamic University, Kushtia-
be more reliable, cost effective for larger area and easy to 7003, Bangladesh in 2014. Currently she is
implement. But this technology with wire connections is a M.Sc. student in the same department.
more suitable for small scale agribusinesses. Her current interest includes
microcontroller based system design,
electronics system design and development,
REFERENCES
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[1] Devika SV, Khamuruddeen S, Khamurunnisa S, Thota J, interface with microcontroller and communication engineering.
Shaik K. Arduino Based Automatic Plant Watering System. She received University Merit Scholarship for her outstanding
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer B.Sc. (Hons’) 1st class 2st merit position out of 45 successful
Science and Software Engineering. 2014 Oct; 4(10). students from the authority of Islamic University, Bangladesh.
[2] Faris DM, Mahmood MB. Data acquisition of greenhouse
using Arduino. Journal of Babylon University/Pure and
Applied Sciences. 2014; 22(7):1908-6. Md. Khalid Hossain Jewel received his
[3] Abdullah Tanveer, Abhishek Choudhary, Divya Pal, Bachelor’s and Master’s degree from the
Rajani Gupta, Farooq Husain ―Automated Farming Using dept. of Applied Physics, Electronics &
Microcontroller And Sensors‖;International Journal Of Communication Engineering of Islamic
Scientific Research And Management Studies (IJSRMS) University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh in
ISSN: 23493371 Volume 2 Issue 1, pg: 21-30. 2004 and 2005 respectively. In 2015 he
[4] Ko CC, Mon SS. Microcontroller Based Greenhouse completed his M.Phil degree in wireless
Automatic Control System. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. Res. communication. Currently he is working as
2014; 3(5):0865-70. an assistant professor in the same
[5] History of Greenhouse. [Online] Link: department. His research interest includes Ad-hoc wireless
http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/3607#b communication, intelligent systems design, cellular mobile
[6] Thenmozhi S, Dhivya MM, Sudharsan R, Nirmalakumari communication and optical fiber communication.
K. Greenhouse Management Using Embedded System and
Zigbee Technology. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation M. Niaz Mostakim received his B.Sc.
Engineering. 2014 Feb; 3(2). (Hons’) degree from the dept. of Applied
[7] Enokela JA, Othoigbe TO. An Automated Greenhouse Physics, Electronics and Communication
Control System Using Arduino Prototyping Platform. Aust. Engineering of Islamic University,
J. Eng. Res.; 2(2). Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh in 2013.
[8] Shaker M, Imran AA. Greenhouse Micro Climate Currently he is a M.Sc. final year student
Monitoring Based On WSN with Smart Irrigation in the same department. His current
Technique. World Academy of Science, Engineering and interest includes microcontroller based
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Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering. and development, MATLAB based system development,
2013 Nov 3; 7(12):1566-71. MATLAB programming interface with microcontroller and
[9] Rahali A, Guerbaoui M, Ed-dahhak A, El Afou Y, communication engineering. He received University Merit
Tannouche A, Lachhab A, Bouchikhi B. Development of a Scholarship for his outstanding B.Sc. (Hons’) 1st class 1st merit
data acquisition and greenhouse control system based on position out of 40 successful students from the authority of
GSM. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Islamic University, Bangladesh.
Technology. 2011; 3(8):297-306.
[10] Shridhar Joteppagol.M and Sheela. K. Kore ―Greenhouse
Automation Using CAN Bus‖; International Journal For Nabil Hossain Bhuiyan received his B.Sc.
Research In Emerging Science And Technology, Volume- (Hons’) degree from the dept. of Applied
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[11] Kolhe SA, Annadate SA. Implementation of Green House Engineering of Islamic University,
Automation using ARM7 Controller. International Journal Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh in 2014.
of Computer Applications. 2012 Jan 1; 47(20). Currently he is a M.Sc. student in the same
[12] Dhumal YR, Chitode JS. Green house automation using department. His current interest includes
Zigbee and smart phone. International Journal of embedded electronics system design and
Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software development, robotics, MATLAB,
Engineering Research Paper. 2013 May; 3(5). processing and android based system development and

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8
8 Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno

communication engineering. He has been certified from number How to cite this paper: T. Saha, M. K. H. Jewel, M. N.
of national robotics and electronics exhibitions. Mostakim, N. H. Bhuiyan, M. S. Ali, M. K. Rahman, H. K.
Ghosh, Md. Khalid Hossain,"Construction and Development of
an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno",
Dr. Md. Shahjahan Ali received his B.Sc International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic
(Hons) and M.Sc in 1988 1nd 1989 Business(IJIEEB), Vol.9, No.3, pp.1-8, 2017. DOI:
respectively in Applied Physics and 10.5815/ijieeb.2017.03.01
Electronics from Rajshahi University,
Bangladesh. He received Ph.D in
engineering and technology from Dhaka
University in 2011. He is currently a
Professor in the Department of Applied
Physics, Electronics & Communication
Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Technology, Islamic
University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh. His research interest
includes modelling and optimization of wireless network and
application of remote sensing technology.

M. K. Rahman was born on July 1, 1971

in Madaripur, Bangladesh. He received
the M.Sc. degree in Applied Physics,
Electronics & Communication
Engineering from University of Dhaka,
Bangladesh in 1992. He is currently a
Professor in the Department of Applied
Physics, Electronics & Communication
Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science
& Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.
His interest is in Optoelectronics and Wireless Communication.
His work has produced nearly 20 national and international
papers.

Himangshu Kumar Ghosh has been

received the B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc.
degree in Applied Physics & Electronics
from University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-
6205, Bangladesh in 1985 and 1986
respectively. Currently, he is working as
Chief Scientific Officer and Director at
the Institute of Electronics, Atomic
Energy Research Establishment (AERE),
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar,
Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh. His current research interests are
nuclear instrumentation, radiation effects on semiconductor &
electronic devices, solar cell, intelligent systems design etc.

Md. Khalid Hossain has been received the

B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc. degree in Applied
Physics, Electronics & Communication
Engineering of Islamic University,
Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh in 2008 and
2009 respectively. Currently he is working
as a Scientific Officer in the Institute of
Electronics, Atomic Energy Research
Establishment (AERE), Bangladesh
Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka-1349,
Bangladesh. His current interest is advanced materials science,
functional materials, photovoltaic devices, thin film,
Micro/Nano fabrication, biosensor, intelligent systems design
etc. He is the author/co-author of more than 20 international
papers.

Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017, 3, 1-8