The Katipunan
The Katipunan
The Katipunan
Angadanan, Isabela
THE KATIPUNAN
2nd Semester
The Founding of the Katipunan
• On July 7, 1892, the newspapers published the news about the
arrest of Rizal the previous night and the governorgeneral’s
order to banish him to Dapitan.
• Patriotic Filipinos met at a house on Azcarraga Street, Manila
(now Claro M. Recto Ave.) these men were Andres Bonifacio,
Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano.
• They organized the secret society called “Kataastaasan
Kagalanggalangang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan KKK
or Katipunan)
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The Aims and Structure of the
Katipunan
• Andres Bonifacio laid down three primary objectives of the
Katipunan: civic, political, and moral.
• Civic – was based on the principle of selfhelp and the defense
of the weak and the poor.
• Political – was the separation of the Philippines from Spain to
secure the independence of the colony.
• Moral – focused on the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and
good moral character.
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The Katipunan Government
• The Katipunan had three governing bodies: The Kataastaasang
Sanggunian or Supreme Council, the Sangguniang Bayan or
Provincial Council, and Sangguniang Balangay or Popular
Council.
• Respectively, they were the equivalent of the central
government, the provincial government, and the municipal
government.
• Judicial Council – Sangguniang Hukuman
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• Katipunan Assembly – was composed of the members of the
Supreme Council and the presidents of the Provincial Council.
• Secret Chamber – Composed of Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and
Pio Valenzuela.
• The Chamber sentenced members who exposed the secrets of
the Katipunan.
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The Katipunan Elections
• The elected officers of the first Supreme Council were the
following: Deodato Arellano, president or supremo; Andres
Bonifacio, comptroller; Ladislao Diwa, fiscal; Teodoro Plata,
secretary; and Valentin Diaz, treasurer.
• The officers in the second Supreme Council were as follows:
Roman Basa, supremo; Bonifacio, fiscal; Jose Turiano Santiago,
secretary; and Vicente Molina, treasurer. The elected
councilors were Briccio Brigido Pantas, Restituto Javier,
Teodoro Plata, Teodoro Gonzales, and Ladislao Diwa.
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Membership
Three kinds:
• Katipon the first grade.
Password “Anak ng Bayan”
• Kawal the second grade
Password GomBurZa
• Bayani the third grade
Password Rizal
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MEMBERSHIP
BAYANI
KAWAL
KATIPON
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The Katipunan Codes
Spanish Equivalent in the Spanish Equivalent in the
Alphabet Katipunan Alphabet Katipunan
A Z M V
B B N I
C C O C
D D P P
E Q Q E
F H R R
G G S S
H F T T
I R U M
J L V M
K K W W
L J X U
LL N Y Y
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The Katipunan Flags
• Aside from the secret codes, Bonifacio also wanted a
flag to be used by the members as a symbol of their
unity.
• With the help of his wife Gregoria de Jesus, a flag was
made.
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Katipunan Flags
Bonifacio also wanted a flag to be used by the members as
a symbol of their unity. With the help of his wife Gregoria
de Jesus, a flag was made.
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The Teachings of the Katipunan
• 1. Love God with all your heart.
• 2. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also love
of Country, and this, too, is love one’s fellowmen.
• 3. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor
and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country.
• 4. All your good wishes will be crowned with success
if you have serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in
your acts and endeavor.
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• 5. Guard the mandates and aims of of the KKK as you
guard your honor.
• 6. It is the duty of all to defend, at the risk of their own
lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the
performance of his duty.
• 7. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance
of our duties will be the example set for our fellowmen
to follow.
• 8. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means
with the poor and the unfortunate.
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• 9. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is
the true basis of love – love for your own self, for your
wife and children, and for your brothers and
countrymen.
• 10. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all
good work. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the KKK
are Godgiven, for the will of the people is also the
will of God
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Kartilla
• 1. Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred
cause is like tree without a shadow, if not a poisonous
weed.
• 2. A good deed that springs from a desire for personal
profit and not from desire to do good is not kindness.
• 3. True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving
one’s fellowmen and in adjusting every movement,
deed and word to true reason.
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• 4.All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white.
One may be superior to another in knowledge, wealth, and
beauty but cannot be superior in being.
• 5. He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is
mean prefers personal profit to honor.
• 6. To a man with a sense of shame, his word is inviolate.
• 7. Don’t fritter away time; lost riches may be recovered, but
time lost will never come again.
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• 8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
• 9. An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows
how to keep the secrets that must be guarded.
• 10. In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and
children; if he who guides moves toward evil, they who are
guided likewise move toward evil.
• 11. Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time
with, but as a helper and partner in the hardships of life.
Respect her in her weakness, and remember the mother who
brought you into this world and who cared for you in your
childhood.
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• 12. What you do not want done to your wife, daughter, and
sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of another.
• 13. The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor
in the highness of the nose and in the whiteness of the skin, nor
in being a priest representing God, nor in the exalted position
on this earth, but pure and truly noble is he who, though born in
the woods is possessed of an upright character; who is true to
his words; who has dignity and honor; who does not oppress
and does not help those who oppress; who knows how to look
after and loves the land of his birth.
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The Women of the Katipunan
• Women Katipunan members
were: Josefa Rizal, president;
Gregoria de Jesus, vice
president; Marina Dizon,
secretary; and Angelica
Lopez Rizal, Rizal’s niece as
fiscal.
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The Kalayaan
• Jacinto purchased some templates to be used in
printing the Katipunan newspaper. Other templates
were stolen from Spanish printing press.
• Ulpiano Fernandez and Faustino Duque both
Katipuneros managed the press. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
suggested the name of the newspaper, Kalayaan.
• To mislead the Spanish authorities, they put Yokohama
as the place of publication and Marcelo H. Del Pilar as
the editor.
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• Jacinto’s Pahayag (Manifesto) and Bonifacio’s poem,
PagIbig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country) were
published in the issue of the Kalayaan.
• Jacinto used the pen names Pingkian and DimasIlaw;
Bonifacio used Agapito Bagumbayan; and Valenzuela
used MadlangAway.
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ANDRES BONIFACIO
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ANDRES BONIFACIO
• Its founder Andres Bonifacio was born on November
30, 1863 in Azcarraga St. near Manila Railroad Station.
• His parents Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro,
belonged to the lower middle class.
• Has 3 brothers: Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio
• Has 2 sisters: Espiridiona and Maxima
• He sold canes and paper fans in his early years.
• He worked as a messenger of J.M. Fleming and Co., an
English trading firm; and later, as an agent of the
German.
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• At night, he read newspapers and books , which
were all written in Spanish. He taught himself to
read and write in this language and in time he
became literate in Spanish.
• He felt sad and angry when Rizal executed on
December 30, 1896 because a great Filipino was
executed.
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• Bonifacio was antifriar and antiSpanish. To him, they
were all the same: greedy, immoral, cruel, and lazy.
• His poems in Tagalog, “Tapunan ng Lingap and Ang
Mga Cazadrones attacked the Spaniards furiously.
• He called the Spaniards “White Cattle”.
• His poem “Huling Hikbi ng Pilipinas” openly called
for independence from colonial rule
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EMILIO JACINTO
Bonifacio found a twin soul in the Katipunan – the younger
and intelligent Emilio Jacinto.
Born in Tondo, Manila on December 15, 1875.
Jacinto lived a hard life when he was young like Bonifacio.
His father died early which compelled his mother to send
him to his uncle’s house for support.
He first studied at San Juan de Letran and later transferred
to the University of Santo Tomas where he studied Law.
At 18, Jacinto joined at the Katipunan leaving his studies.
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• Bonifacio warmed up to him and a deep friendship
developed between the two, then greatly influenced the
Katipunan.
• He wrote in Tagalog, the language of the masses,
except one poem in Spanish, A Mi Patria (Country)
• Jacinto believed that the people, the masses, could be
reached only through their own language, so they both
wrote in Tagalog.
• It is for this reason that Bonifacio and Jacinto
succeeded in uniting the people behind them.
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• He also wrote Kartilla, Liwanag at Dilim,
Pahayag, Sa Mga Kababayan and others.
• Bonifacio assigned him to lead the rebels in
Laguna.
• He died in Mahayhay, Laguna on April 6, 1899
at the young age of twentyfour.
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• August 19, 1896 when a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño told his
sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan. Patiño was
a worker in the printing press of Diario de Manila. Honoria was
then living with nuns in a Mandaluyong orphanage.
• The information upset Honoria so much that she told the
orphanage’s Mother Superior, Sor Teresa de Jesus. They
informed Fr. Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo.
• Father Mariano Gilaccompanied by several Guardias Civiles
immediately searched the premises of Diario de Manila and
found evidence of the Katipunan’s existence. The governor
general was quickly informed. The printing press was padlocked
and hundreds of suspected KKK members were arrested.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE
KATIPUNAN
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• August 23, 1896 Various wings of the Katipunan
gathered at the house of Juan Ramos in Pugadlawin
Ramos was the son of Melchora Aquino, also known as
“Tandang Sora” and was later acknowledged as the
Mother of the Katipunan."
• Bonifacio asked his men whether they were willing to
fight to the bitter end. Everyone shouted their approval.
• Bonifacio then asked them to tear their cedulas (residence
certificates) to pieces, as a sign of their defiance and
determination to rise against the Spaniards. The men
immediately tore up their cedulas, shouting, Mabuhay ang
Pilipinas (long live the Philippines) or the Cry of
Pugadlawin.
THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
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• Cavite soon became the center of the Revolution, and the
Katipuneros there divided themselves into the Magdalo
and Magdiwang factions. Baldomero Aguinaldo, brother
of Emilio Aguinaldo, headed the Magdalo group, which
was stationed in Kawit. General Mariano Alvarez led the
Magdiwang group, which was stationed in Noveleta.
• General Aguinaldo’s numerous victories in the battlefield
made him the acknowledged revolutionary leader in
Cavite.
• Aguinaldo was hailed as a hero. The adoring Caviteños
referred to him as “General Miong” and no longer
“Kapitan Miong.”
KATIPUNAN IN CAVITE
2nd Semester
• Bonifacio was invited to Cavite to mediate between
Aguinaldo's rebels, the Magdalo, and their rivals the
Magdiwang, both chapters of the Katipunan.
• There he became involved in discussions whether to
replace the Katipunan with an insurgent government of
the Cavite rebels' design.
• To end this, the Tejeros Convention was convened on
March 22, 1897, where Aguinaldo was elected president
of the Revolutionary Government.
• Bonifacio refused to recognize this and he was executed
for treason in May 10, 1897 at Mount Nagpatong,
Maragondon.
THE RIVALRY IN THE KATIPUNAN
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• Bonifacio’s death did not deter the Filipinos from fighting
for their freedom. When Governor General Primo de
Rivera replaced Camilo Polavieja on April 27, 1897, he
immediately marched to Naic, Cavite to persuade the
Filipinos to surrender. The rebels, however, stood their
ground.
• Aguinaldo realized that Cavite was no longer safe for his
men. They moved to Batangas, where they temporarily
set up camp in the town of Talisay. However, Spanish
soldiers were able to pursue them there. Thus, they
retreated to Morong on June 10, 1897 and proceeded to
BiaknaBato in Bulacan.
• June 24, 1897 Aguinaldo and his men arrived at Biakna
Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan.
THE BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC
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• November 1,1897 the revolutionary leaders met and
adopted a constitution titled the Provisional Constitution
of the Philippine Republic. It was intended to be effective
for two years. It was written by Isabelo Artacho and Felix
Ferrer which was based on the Cuban Constitution known
as Jimaguayu Constitution. On the same day, the Biakna
Bato Republic was inaugurated and Emilio Aguinaldo
was elected as President.
• December 14 & 15, 1897 The signing of the agreement
known as Pact of BiaknaBato.The revolution had
resulted to a stalemate between the colonial government
and rebels. Governor General Primo de Rivera sent
Pedro Paterno to BiaknaBato for peaceful negotiations
with the revolutionaries, which began in August and
concluded in December.
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• The conditions of the armistice (end of war between the
Filipino revolutionist and Spaniards) included the selfexile
of Aguinaldo and his officers in exchange for indemnity of
Php 1,700,000 to be paid by the colonial government.The
Php 800,000 was to be paid to those who would lay down
their arms and the remaining Php 900,000.00 was to be
distributed among the civilian population as indemnity for
the damages created by the war.
• August 27, 1897Aguinaldo and his men sailed to Hong
Kong for self exile.
• January 23, 1898 The Spanish government announced the
end of hostilities.
• January 25, 1898 The Spanish government proclaimed
amnesty and it gave part of the promised money to the
rebels in Hong Kong.
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• After the peace pact, neither side fully complied with the
terms of the agreement. The government never instituted
the expected reforms. Likewise, the Filipinos continued
their plan to overthrow the government. Aguinaldo and
his officers went into exile but did not end the fight to win
independence from Spain. According to Mariano Ponce,
General Emilio Aguinaldo had signed the Pact because
the Filipino revolutionists could rest and regain their lost
strength and then return to combat with renewed vigor.
RESULT
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• Halili, Maria Christine N. Philippine History. Rex
Bookstore, Inc. 2004.
• Duka, Cecilio D. Ed.D. Struggle for Freedom, A Textbook
on Philippine History. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 2008.
• Zaide, Sonia M. The Philippines: A Unique Nation. All
Nations Publishing Co. Inc.,Quezon City. 2006.
• Images were taken from www.mozilla.com and www.
google.com
References
2nd Semester