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    Concept: Skin Friction

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    Chhengnguon
    Skin friction is the frictional resistance between soil and a structure or pile. Two experiments demonstrate this concept. The first uses a knife inserted in rice-filled cylinder to show increased resistance from skin friction as the knife is pulled out. The second stacks book pages to resist a 7kg weight, supported solely by skin friction between overlapping pages. Proper understanding of skin friction allows deep foundations like Burj Al Arab's 250 concrete piles, which withstand loads through skin friction between the piles and soil over 45 meters.

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    Concept: Skin Friction

    Uploaded by

    Chhengnguon
    28 views2 pages
    Skin friction is the frictional resistance between soil and a structure or pile. Two experiments demonstrate this concept. The first uses a knife inserted in rice-filled cylinder to show increased resistance from skin friction as the knife is pulled out. The second stacks book pages to resist a 7kg weight, supported solely by skin friction between overlapping pages. Proper understanding of skin friction allows deep foundations like Burj Al Arab's 250 concrete piles, which withstand loads through skin friction between the piles and soil over 45 meters.

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    Concrete

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    Skin friction is the frictional resistance between soil and a structure or pile. Two experiments demonstrate this concept. The first uses a knife inserted in rice-filled cylinder to show increased resistance from skin friction as the knife is pulled out. The second stacks book pages to resist a 7kg weight, supported solely by skin friction between overlapping pages. Proper understanding of skin friction allows deep foundations like Burj Al Arab's 250 concrete piles, which withstand loads through skin friction between the piles and soil over 45 meters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views2 pages

    Concept: Skin Friction

    Uploaded by

    Chhengnguon
    Skin friction is the frictional resistance between soil and a structure or pile. Two experiments demonstrate this concept. The first uses a knife inserted in rice-filled cylinder to show increased resistance from skin friction as the knife is pulled out. The second stacks book pages to resist a 7kg weight, supported solely by skin friction between overlapping pages. Proper understanding of skin friction allows deep foundations like Burj Al Arab's 250 concrete piles, which withstand loads through skin friction between the piles and soil over 45 meters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Understanding and Using Structural Concepts

    Skin friction concept


    Alexandru Robu

    Concept: Skin Friction

    Skin friction represents the frictional resistance between soil and a structure or between
    soil and a pile being driven in it [1]. This very simple principle stands behind the deep pile
    foundations used to support structures build on sand. The experiments below demonstrate the
    concept in two different situations.

    Experiment 1

    Materials needed: Cylinder (glass, cardboard) – approx. 30cm tall, uncooked rice, knife (Figure 1).
    Method of conducting the experiment: The rice is poured in the cylinder leaving 3-4 cm of empty
    space at the top (Figure 2). The whole blade of the knife is inserted in rice, confined by the cylinder
    (Figure 3). When the knife is lifted the cylinder is attached to it and the two components act as a
    single structure (Figure 4).

    Figure 1: Materials for experiment Figure 2: Cylinder filled with rice Figure 3: Knife inserted in the rice

    The only force that is holding the knife attached to the


    cylinder is the friction between the rice and the blade of the
    knife. During the experiment, it was observed that there was
    an increased resistance due to the skin friction when the
    knife was pushed the last 3cm even if the force applied was
    the same. This experiment simulates driving a pile into a
    compacted sand soil. The resistance that stops the two rough
    materials slipping past each other increases with the length of
    the pile.
    Due to this principle the construction of Burj Al Arab in
    Dubai was possible. Its foundation consists of 250 steel
    reinforced concrete piles, having a diameter of 1.5m, driven
    45m in the ground. The skin friction enables the foundation
    to withstand the loads generated by the structure.
    Figure 4: Lifting the knife together
    with the cylinder

    Wednesday, 24 July 2013


    Understanding and Using Structural Concepts

    Experiment 2

    This experiment illustrates the skin friction between the pages of two registers. The
    resistance between two pages is not very significant, but when the layers are increased a few
    hundred times it is able to support a considerable load.

    Materials needed: Two registers (Figure 5), rope, weights, one nail, hammer.
    Method of conducting the experiment: The pages of the two registers are folded on top of each
    other (page by page) (Figure 6). A nail is inserted at the bottom of one of the books to provide
    support for the rope that will hold the weights. The weights are attached to the rope in
    increments and the behaviour of the two books is observed (Figure 7).

    Figure 5: Two registers of similar Figure 6: The pages of the registers are folded on top of each other
    size

    In the experiment the two books having their pages (350


    pages) folded on top of each other were able to resist an
    applied weight of 7kg (68.67N) before there was any
    movement between the books. This load was only
    supported by the skin friction between the pages of the two
    registers. It could be observed that the contact area between
    the books is very important in providing the necessary
    resistance. This experiment demonstrates that the concept is
    also valid for objects made from the same material.

    Figure 7: Weights supported by


    registers

    References:
    1. http://www.answers.com/topic/skin-friction [1]
    2. Richard Hammond’s Engineering Connections (S03E01) – Burj Al Arab, available on:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_dXsr0WfxQ
    3. Seeing and Touching Structural Concepts: www.structuralconcepts.org
    4. National Geographic- Megastructures – Burj Al Arab, available on:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79-Yi5IYiVQ&feature=related –part 1

    Wednesday, 24 July 2013

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