Individual Differences-Personal Attributed Vary From One Person To Another

CHAPTER 3
Individual Differences- personal attributed vary from one person to another

 Physical
 Emotional
 Psychological
Dimensions of Fit
1.Person-Job Fit - fit between persons abilities and the demands of the job.
2.Person-group Fir- individual fits with work group’s and supervisor’s work styles, skills, and goals.
3.Person-organization fit- fit between individual’s values, beliefs, and personality and the values, norms
and culture of org
4. Person-vocation fit-fit between a persons interest,abilities,values, and personality and a profession.
Realistic Job Previews (RJPs) - the presentation of both positive and potentially negative information to job
candidates.
Personality- stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person to another.
“Big Five” Personality Traits - a set of five fundamental traits that are especially relevanant to organization
1. Agreeables- persons ability to get along with others
2. Conscientiousness- an individual being dependable and organized
3. Neuroticism- persons tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such anger, anxiety, depression and
feelings of vulnerability.
4. Extraversion- quality of being comfortable with relationships.
Introversion- tendency being less comfortable in relationships and social situations
5. Openness- capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a resulr of new information
Myers-Briggs Framework ( Isabel Briggs Myers & Katherine Cook Briggs)

1. Extroversion & Introversion
 Extroverts- energized by thing and people
 Introverts- find energy in ideas, concepts, and abstractions
2. Sensing & Intuition
 Sensing-detailed oriented
 Intuitive - seek out patterns and relationship among the facts they have oriented
3. Thinking & Feeling
 Thinkers-value fairness and decide things impersonally based on objective criteria and logic
 Feelers- value harmony, and focus on human values and needs as they make decisions or judgments
4. Judging & Perceiving
 Judging people - are decisive and tend to plan, focus on completing tasks and take actions,
 Perceiving people- are adaptable, spontaneous, and curios.
Other Important Traits
 Locus of control- one believes one’s circumstances are a function of either one’s own actions or of
external factors beyond one’s control
 Self Efficacy- persons confidence in his or her ability to organize and execute the courses of action
necessary to accomplish a specific task
 General self-efficacy - your generalized belief that you will be successful at whatever challenges or
tasks you might face
 Self Esteem- our feelings of self worth and our liking or disliking of ourselves
 Authoritarianism- belief of power of status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social
systems such as organizations.
 Machiavellianism - a trait causing a person to behave in ways to gain power and control the
behaviors of others
Tolerance for Risk - the degree to which a person is comfortable with risk and is willing to take chances and
make risky decisions.
Tolerance for Ambiguity- reflects tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable.
Type A personality- Impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight.
Type B personality- more relaxed and easygoing and less overly competitive than Type A.
Workplace Bullying- repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse, conduct that is
threatening, humiliating, or intimidating, or sabotage of that interferes with other person’s work.
General Mental Ability- the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process and apply information
Information Processing Capacity- involves the manner in which individuals process and organize
information
Multiple Intelligence- suggest that there are a number of distinct forms of intelligence that each individual
possesses in varying degrees. (Gardners Theory)
1. Linguistic: Words and language
2. Logical- mathematical, logic, and numbers
3. Musical- music, rhythm, and sound
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic: body movement and control
5. Spatial -visual: images and space
6. Interpersonal-other people’s feelings
7. Intrapersonal-self awareness
Emotional Intelligence (EI)- interpersonal capability that includes the ability to percieve and express
emotions to understand and use them, and to manage emotions to oneself and other people.
1. Self awareness- being aware of what you are feeling
2. Self motivation- persisting in the face of obstacles, set backs and failures
3. Empathy- sensing how others are feeling
4. Social Skills- effectively handling the emotions of others
Learning style- individual differences and preferences in how we process information when problem
solving, learning, or engaging in similar activities.
Sensory Modality- is a system that interacts with environment through one basic senses.
1. Visual- seeing
2. Auditory-hearing
3. Tactile-touching
4. Kin-esthetic-doing
Kolb Learning Style (David Kolb)

1. Convergers - active experimentation and abstract conceptualization to learn
2. Divergers- concrete experience and reflective observation
3. Asssimilators - abstract conceptualization and reflective observation
4. Accomodators- active experimentation and concrete experience
Learning Style Orientations (Annette Towler and Robert Dipboye)

1. Discovery Learning- exploration during learning
2. Experiential Learning- hands on approaches to instruction
3. Observational Learning- preference for external stimuli such as demonstrations and diagrams to help
facilitate learning
4. Structured learning- preference for processing strategies
5. Group Learning- preference to work with others

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CHAPTER 3

Individual Differences- personal attributed vary from one person to another

Myers-Briggs Framework ( Isabel Briggs Myers & Katherine Cook Briggs)

Other Important Traits

Kolb Learning Style (David Kolb)

Learning Style Orientations (Annette Towler and Robert Dipboye)

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