International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882

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Volume 4, Issue10, October 2015

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWERED BY AN INTERNAL

COMBUSTION ENGINE AND AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
Manoj Singh 1 , Gopal Sahu2, Prakash Kumar Sen3, Ritesh Sharma4, Shailendra Bohidar5
1
Student, Mechanical Engineering, Kirodimal Institute of Technology, Raigarh (C.G.)
2,3,4,5
Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering, Kirodimal Institute of Technology, Raigarh (C.G.)

ABSTRACT internal combustion car become very popular. It was

Vehicle have been around for more than 100 year power full and fuel was cheap and easy to get. Also hybrid
they have changed a lot in that time today's care are faster car cost more to make for decades few people bothered to
and more reliable than those of long ago. They are also even experiment with them.
safer and more comfortable one thing has not change the
most car of the past ran on fuel made from oil. That still 3. TYPES OF HYBRID SYSTEM
true today usually the fuel is gasoline sometime it is diesel Generally they are two types of hybrid technology
fuel both. Both come from oil. The trouble with oil is a 1 Series hybrid
very good source of energy but using it has problem. One 2 Parallel hybrid
problem is that oil is not a renewable source once it is
used it's gone. If people keep on using it eventually the In a parallel hybrid both the engine and electric motor
world will runout of oil another problem is that using fuel make the wheel turn. In a series hybrid. The motor turn
made from oil release certain gases into the air some of the wheel while the engine run a generator to make
these gases can be bed for people health electric.

Keyword: hybrid, hev, gasoline, engine, gearbox

1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that use two or more
distinct power source to move the vehicle. The term most
commonly refer to the hybrid vehicle. Which combine an
internal combustion engine and one or more electric
motor. However other mechanism to capture and use
energy are included. A hybrid car get power from both
gasoline engine and an electric motor. The engine and
motor can work together in different way. In some hybrid
there are time when only one of them operate. In hybrid
car the engine can automatically shut off when it is not Fig1 series hybrid system
needed for example at a red light or in stop and go traffic.
This is one reason why hybrid usually useless gasoline
than traditional car. The motor as in electric car get power
from large batteries, unlike ordinary electric car, most of
today's hybrid don't need to be pluged in to get reached
while the car is being used.

2. HISTORY OF HYBRID
It hard to say who made the first hybrid having the
two power source is actually and old idea. The first
important hybrid that is know of today was made around
1900 by the famous austrian car designer Ferdinand
porches. The car had a gasoline engine, and there were
electric motor in the wheel hubs. It was a series hybrid.
The engine ran a generator that made a electricity. Other
people also made hybrid in the early 20th century but the Fig 2. Parallel hybrid system

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 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882
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Volume 4, Issue10, October 2015

4. ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE OF stationary or travelling at low speed the batteries engine is
HYBRID VEHICLE vertually silent which can be disconnected for drivers who
Hybrid cars have been hailed as an exciting green may think the car sound like it's cut out.
advancement for the vehicle and transport industry. Using
dual electric and petrol engines module such as the prius 3. Less power
and the civic hybrid work are more fuel efficient and Hybrid car are less powerful in general, than regular cars
produce less co2 emissions than regular engine cars. of similar size because the petrol part of the engine is
But the market has been slower to take off than was hoped smaller than single engine petrol car.
by environmentalists mainly due to a lack of knowledge
about how the vehicle work and confusion over whether 5. CONCEPT OF HEV
they are as good as regular vehicle for everyday driving. A 'gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle' is an
automobile which relies not only on gasoline but also
4.1 Advantage of Hybrid vehicle: on electric power source. In HEV, the battery alone
1. Good for the environment provides power for low-speed driving conditions.
Probably most documented about hybrid cars is their During long highways or hill climbing, the gasoline
green credentials and if more of us drove hybrid vehicle, it engine drives the vehicle solely. Hybrid electric
would ultimately significantly reduce co2 emissions. A vehicles comprise of an electric motor, inverter,
hybrid car produce 25 to 35 percent less in co2 emissions battery as electric drive and an internal combustion
than regular cars, because it is has a second electric. engine with transmission connected as gasoline based
Battery powered engine, which recharge via the petrol drive. It is to achieve better fuel economy and reduce
engine. This is a much more energy efficient. Engine for toxic emissions.
town and city driving in traffic. Then when driving at
higher speed the power of the petrol engine kick in. 6. BASIC DESIGN OF HEV
The basic design consists of a dc power source
2. Fuel efficient battery. The battery is connected to inverter that is
The dual engine help to maintain the most efficient energy fed to a BLDC motor that works on AC. The motor
consumption during all driving condition which mean you is attached to the front wheel of the two wheeler
will need to fill your car with petrol far less often than vehicle. As the motor rotates the attached wheel
with a regular car. Because the car is able to utilize the rotates too, thus, leading to vehicle motion. At low
battery powered engine when driving at lower speed or in speeds this mode of propulsion is used. The next
traffic little or no fuel is needed during these driving phase consists of an IC engine that moves the piston
condition. continuously. This is connected to the transmission
and thus, the vehicle moves. BATTERY
3. Financial benefit RESERVOIR 1.1 Schematics of HEV
Because hybrid vehicle are better for environment the
government keep to be seen to be Embracing green policy
offer incentive for driving them. Expect to have much
lower annual car tax bill, and exemption from congestion
charge or low emission zone. Hybrid car can travel
through london's congestion charge zone free of charge of
example.

4.2 Disadvantage of hybrid vehicle

1. Hybrid car can be expensive
One drawback of hybrid vehicle is the cost and yes you
should expect to pay more for a hybrid model than a
regular petrol car. But you can at least offset this with the
lower running cost of hybrid vehicle and the car tax
exemption. Fig 3 Block diagram of HEV

2. Different driving experience 7. WORKING OF HEV

Some driver are put off from due to the difference they In HEV, the battery alone provides power for
feel when they are driving them. For example when low-speed driving conditions where internal

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 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882
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Volume 4, Issue10, October 2015

combustion engines are least efficient. In accelerating, [4] htztp://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~kotliar/honors/hon-

passing, or hill climbing where high power is required sem02/somalwar/HonSem02/hybrid%20presentation.pp t
battery provides power to electric motor as an [5] http://www.transport.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ power-
additional power to assist the engine. This allows a pointdoc/0017/60623/DOT-EV-powerpoint.ppt
smaller, more efficient engine to be used. A throttle
position sensor (TPS) is a sensor used to monitor the
position of the throttle in an internal combustion
engine. It consists of a hall sensor. When the
accelerator throttle angle changes magnetic field is
created and it creates voltage across position sensor
terminal. Thus for various angles, various voltages are
obtained.
HEV consists of a throttle position sensor, i.e, hall
sensor. It gives voltage as output with respect to the
angle displacement in the accelerator. The analog
voltage generated is converted to digital through ADC
and is given to microcontroller. If the speed
corresponding to the angle deviation in accelerator is
less than 30km/hr then the relay is switched on. The
relay switching completes the circuit of the battery,
inverter and hub motor; and vehicle is motioned by
electric power. If the speed directed by accelerator is
greater than 30km/hr, then the engine is started by
closing the circuit of starting motor through a relay.
The starting motor circuit is activated for five hundred
milliseconds such that the vehicle is started. Once the
vehicle starts the valve of engine for gasoline intake
opens by servo motor. The amount of opening is
controlled by the PWM generated by the
microcontroller as directed by the accelerator.

8. CONCLUSION
1. Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles on the
road today, responders must be familiar with how
these vehicles operate, and how to handle an
emergency which involves one of these vehicles.
2. Additionally, responders must stay up-to-date with
current vehicle technology, as it is continuously
changing.
3. And my personal view is we must should use hev
as at least personal transport, for day to day life,
short distances and should save something for
tomorrow.
4. Let us make a beautiful world!
5. In future we can have hev with pneumatic and
hydraulic sources as well and I am sure there is a
much more chances towards better.

REFERENCES
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle
[3] http://www.sonnycovic.com/files/ HybridVehicles.ppt

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