CONSTRUCTION OF NEW PUMPING STATION AT GHUBRAH

DESALINATION PLANT
Public Authority for
Electricity and Water
Sultanate of Oman

MATERIAL APPROVAL SHEET (MAS)

Project Construction of New Pumping Station at Ghubrah Desalination Plant

Tender No. 127/2012

Contractor Gulf Petrochemical Services & Trdg. LLC

MAS No. 049 Rev-0 MAS Name: Welding Electrode for Fabrication of CS Fittings
Manufacturer ESAB (OK 48.00)
Supplier: (Local or Foreign)**: Multitech LLC

BOQ Ref: Time Required at Sites: BS Ref:

Spec Ref:
Sample Attached Yes a No
Required Infromation 1
2
3
In case product recommended is Non-Omani, give reason:
We confirm that there is no local manufacturer available for the prposed product / No alternate
local product can meet the requirement for the duty condition in Oman

Signature of Contractor: Date:

Stamp

Material: Recommended Rejected Recommended with comments

Material Recommended with comments

Signature of Engineer Date:

Stamp

EMPLYER Directorate General of Water Projects, Public Authority for Electricity and Water
(PAEW)

Material: Approval Rejected Approval with comments

Material Recommended with comments

Signature of Emplyer: Date:

Stamp:
** This will be consider if local manufacturer for specified or alternate products is not available

Document Reference: 5084338/D805/Rev004 Volume-1: Prime Document

November 2012 Page No: 77
 INDEX

1 Datasheet

2 Certifications

3 References

4 Sample Test Certificate

5 Safety Data Sheet

6 Manufacturer's Catalogue
1 Datasheet
 Product Data Sheet OK 48.00
E 'Manual metal-arc welding'
ESAB-MÓR Kft Hungary
Signed by Approved by Reg no Cancelling Reg date Page

P-O Oskarsson Rune Pedersen/Barbro Karlström EN003311 EN002920 2006-05-09 1 (2)

REASON FOR ISSUE

Approvals updated,CE added,DS deleted.EN ISO 2560-A added

GENERAL
General-purpose basic DC + electrode for mild and low alloy steels.
Very good running characteristics. The coating is of the low moisture absorption type.

Polarity: DC+(-) Alloy Type: Carbon-Manganese

Coating Type: Lime Basic
Diff Hydrogen: <5.0 ml/100g

WELDING POSITIONS

CLASSIFICATIONS Electrode APPROVALS

SFA/AWS A5.1 E7018 ABS 3H5, 3Y
EN ISO 2560-A E 42 4 B 42 H5 BV 3, 3Y HHH
CE EN 13479
DB 10.039.12
DNV 3Y H5
GL 3YH5
LR 3, 3YH15
RS 3YHHH
VdTÜV 00690

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
All Weld Metal (%)
Min Max
C 0.02 0.10
Si 0.30 0.70
Mn 0.90 1.40
P 0.020
S 0.015
 Product Data Sheet OK 48.00
E 'Manual metal-arc welding'
ESAB-MÓR Kft Hungary
Signed by Approved by Reg no Cancelling Reg date Page

P-O Oskarsson Rune Pedersen/Barbro Karlström EN003311 EN002920 2006-05-09 2 (2)

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELD METAL

All Weld Metal
ISO

As welded
Properties Min Max Typ
ReL (MPa) 420 445
Rm (MPa) 510 640 540
A5 (%) 22 29

Charpy V at -20°C (J) 54 140

Charpy V at -40°C (J) 47 70
Comments:
Elongation=A5

ECONOMICS & CURRENT DATA

Dimension (mm)
-
Current (A) W η N B H T U
-
Ø x Length Min Max
2.0 x 300 50 80 1.3 132 0.63 119 0.6 50 22
2.5 x 350 80 110 2.2 120 0.65 71 0.9 56 25
3.2 x 350 110 150 3.6 123 0.62 44 1.14 80 22
3.2 x 450 110 150 4.7 123 0.64 33 1.2 102 22
4.0 x 350 125 210 5.4 116 0.62 30 1.76 76 23
4.0 x 450 125 210 7.0 118 0.67 22 1.9 99 24
5.0 x 450 200 260 10.4 118 0.68 14 2.5 101 22

W = Weight (kg / 100 electrodes)

η = Efficiency (g weld metal x 100 / g core wire)
N = Effective value (kg weld metal / kg electrodes)
B = Changes (number of electrodes / kg weld metal)
H = Deposit rate at 90% of max current (kg weld metal / hour arc time)
T = Fusion time at 90% of max current (s / electrode)
U = Arc voltage (V)

OTHER DATA
Applications:
Manual metal arc welding of carbon steels, carbon manganese steels and
fine-grained carbon manganese steels with elevated yield strength.
Redrying: 350 °C, 2h
2 Certifications
pjrbaxxx http://exchange.dnv.com/taridocs/TAW-CERT/43/pjrbaxxx.htm

DET NORSKE VERITAS

TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
CERTIFICATE NO. W-21501

This Certificate consists of 2 pages

This is to certify that the

Electrode
with trade name

OK 48.00
Manufactured by

ESAB-Mór Kft.
Mór, Hungary
is found to comply with

Det Norske Veritas' Rules for Classification PT.2

with this approval

Grade 3 YH5
Current DC(+)
Positions All

Place and date This Certificate is valid until

Høvik, 2009-05-05 2013-06-30
for Det Norske Veritas AS

Helge Drange Local Office Geir Næss

Head of Section DNV Budapest Surveyor

Certificate No. W-21501

1 of 2 6/4/2013 4:39 PM
pjrbaxxx http://exchange.dnv.com/taridocs/TAW-CERT/43/pjrbaxxx.htm

Certificate Retention Survey

Surveys for retention of the certificate are to be carried out annually to

verify compliance with rule requirements and that the conditions for

Type Approval are not altered during the validity period of the certificate.

Annual inspection and testing carried out:

Date DNV surveyor's sign.

END OF CERTIFICATE

Notice : This Certificate is s ubje ct to terms and conditions overle af. Any significant change in design or construction may render this Certificate invalid.

If any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such
person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the
maximum compensation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors,
officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS · VERITASVEIEN 1, 1322 HØVIK, NORWAY · TEL: (+47) 67 57 99 00 · FAX: (+47) 67 57 99 11

2 of 2 6/4/2013 4:39 PM
 DNV BUSINESS ASSURANCE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATE
Certificate No. 106973-2011-AQ-SWE-SWEDAC / 2006-SKM-AE-1093 / 2008-SKM-AHSO-143

This is to certify that

ESAB GROUP
WORLDWIDE

has been found to conform to the Management System Standards:

ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007

This Certificate is valid for:

Management, development, design, purchase, production, warehousing,

sales, services and supply of welding and cutting products

Initial Certification date:

2006-01-22 (14001)
2008-11-01 (18001) Place and date:
2012-04-18 (9001) Stockholm, 2012-12-14
This Certificate is valid until:
2014-01-31 (9001) for the Accredited Unit:
2015-01-31 (14001) DNV CERTIFICATION AB,
2014-01-31 (18001) SWEDEN

The audit has been performed

under the supervision of:
Hans Hallberg Ann-Louise Pått
Lead Auditor Management Representative

Lack of fulfilment of conditions as set out in the Certification Agreement may render this Certificate invalid.
ACCREDITED UNIT: DNV CERTIFICATION AB, BOX 6046, SOLNA, SWEDEN, TEL:+46 (0) 8 587 940 00, WWW.DNVBA.SE / WWW.DNVBA.COM
 DNV BUSINESS ASSURANCE
APPENDIX TO CERTIFICATE
This Appendix refers to Certificate No. 106973-2011-AQ-SWE-SWEDAC / 2006-SKM-AE-1093 / 2008-SKM-AHSO-143

ESAB GROUP
(Main locations within brackets)
Production in Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chascomus, San Luis), Brazil (Belo Horizonte), Bulgaria (Ihtiman),
China (Zhangjiagang, Wuxi), Czech Republic (Vamberk), Germany (Karben), Hungary (Mór), India (Ambattur,
Irungattukotai, Khardah, Nagpur, Taratala), Indonesia (Purwakarta), Mexico (Monterrey), Poland (Katowice, Opole),
Russia (St Petersburg, Sychevski), Singapore (Singapore), Sweden (Laxå, Perstorp), UK (Andover), USA (Florence,
Hanover, Traverse City, Union – Midway Facility).

Sales and Distribution in Argentina (Buenos Aires), Australia, Austria (Vienna), Baltic States, Belgium (Brussels),
Brazil (Belo Horizonte, Sao Paolo), Bulgaria (Ihtiman), Canada (Mississauga), Czech Republic (Vamberk), China
(Shanghai), Denmark (Copenhagen), Finland (Helsinki), France (Paris), Germany (Solingen), Hungary (Budapest),
Ireland, India (Chennai), Indonesia (Jakarta), Italy (Bareggio), Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia (Selangor), Mexico
(Monterrey), Norway (Larvik), Panama, Poland (Katowice), Portugal, Romania (Bucharest), Russia (Moscow), Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia (Bratislava), South Africa (Edenvale), Spain (Madrid), Switzerland, Sweden
(Gothenburg), The Netherlands (Amersfoort), Turkey, UK (London), Ukraine, United Arab Emirates (Dubai), USA
(Florence).

Central functions (including Group and Regional Management, R&D and Engineering) in Sweden (Gothenburg,
Laxå), UK (London), USA (Florence, Hanover), Germany (Karben), Brazil (Belo Horizonte), Argentina (Buenos
Aires), India (Ambattur, Kolkata), Switzerland (Zug), China (Shanghai), South East Asia (Singapore), Mexico
(Monterrey).

Initial Certification date:

2006-01-22 (14001)
2008-11-01 (18001) Place and date:
2012-04-18 (9001) Stockholm, 2012-12-14
This Certificate is valid until:
2014-01-31 (9001) for the Accredited Unit:
2015-01-31 (14001) DNV CERTIFICATION AB,
2014-01-31 (18001) SWEDEN

The audit has been performed

under the supervision of:
Hans Hallberg Ann-Louise Pått
Lead Auditor Management Representative

Lack of fulfilment of conditions as set out in the Certification Agreement may render this Certificate invalid.
ACCREDITED UNIT: DNV CERTIFICATION AB, BOX 6046, SOLNA, SWEDEN, TEL:+46 (0) 8 587 940 00, WWW.DNVBA.SE / WWW.DNVBA.COM
3 References
4 Sample Test Certificate
5 Safety Data Sheet
Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011

SAFETY DATA SHEET

This Safety Data Sheet complies with European Commission Directive 91/155/EEC, ISO 11014-1 and ANSI Z400.1

1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

Product Name: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES
Application: Arc Welding
Classification: AWS A5.1 & A5.5
Supplier: ESAB GROUP CANADA, INC., 6010 Tomken Road, Mississauga, ON L5T 1X9
Telephone No.: (905) 670-0220, 1-877-935-3226
Web site: www.esab.ca

2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Emergency Overview: Coated metal rods in varying colors. These products are normally not considered hazardous as
shipped. Gloves should be worn when handling to prevent contaminating hands with product dust.
Some of these products contain nickel, which is classified as a skin sensitizer and a suspect carcinogen. These products
contain titanium dioxide which is possibly carcinogenic. These products contain quartz, but normally not in an inhalable
fraction. Quartz can cause silicosis and may cause cancer.
Avoid eye contact or inhalation of dust from these products. Skin contact is normally no hazard but should be avoided to
prevent possible allergic reactions.
Persons with a pacemaker should not go near welding or cutting operations until they have consulted their doctor and obtained
information from the manufacturer of the device.
When these products are used in a welding process, the most important hazards are heat, radiation, electric shock and welding
fumes.
Heat: Spatter and melting metal can cause burn injuries and start fires.
Radiation: Arc rays can severely damage eyes or skin.
Electricity: Electric shock can kill.
Fumes: Overexposure to welding fumes may result in symptoms like metal fume fever, dizziness, nausea, dryness or
irritation of the nose, throat or eyes. Chronic overexposure to welding fumes may affect pulmonary function.
Prolonged inhalation of nickel and chromium compounds above safe exposure limits can cause cancer.
Overexposure to manganese and manganese compounds above safe exposure limits can cause irreversible
damage to the central nervous system, including the brain, symptoms of which may include slurred speech,
lethargy, tremor, muscular weakness, psychological disturbances and spastic gait.

3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
These products are preparations of core wire with extruded coating.
Hazard OSHA
Ingredients CAS# EINECS# IARC (2) NTP (3)
classification(1) List(4)
Calcium Carbonate 1317-65-3 215-279-6 No -- -- --
Calcium Fluoride 7789-75-5 232-188-7 No -- -- --
Chromium 7440-47-3 231-157-5 No -- -- --
Copper 7440-50-8 213-159-6 No -- -- --
Iron 7439-89-6 231-096-4 No -- -- --
Manganese 7439-96-5 231-105-1 No -- -- --
Mineral Silicates All considered to be quartz
Bentonite Clays 1302-78-9 215-108-5 No -- -- --
Chlorite 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Feldspar 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Hectorite 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Pyrropholite 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Wollanstanite 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Zircon 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Molybdenum 7439-98-7 231-107-2 No -- -- --
Nickel 7440-02-0 231-111-4 Carc. Cat. 3; 2B S --
R40-R43

-1-
 Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011
Hazard OSHA
Ingredients CAS# EINECS# IARC (2) NTP (3)
classification(1) List(4)
Other Silicates
Kaolinite Clay 1332-58-7 310-194-1 No -- -- --
Mica (2 possible CAS numbers) 12001-26-2 Not found No -- -- --
12003-38-2 234-426-5 No -- -- --
Talc 14807-96-6 238-877-9 No 1 K --
Silicate Binder (Potassium Silicate) 1312-76-1 215-199-1 No -- -- --
Silicate Binder (Sodium Silicate) 1344-09-8 215-687-4 No -- -- --
Silicon 7440-21-3 231-130-8 No -- -- --
Silicon Dioxide 14808-60-7 238-878-4 T; R45 1 K --
Titanium Oxide 13463-67-7 236-675-5 No ## -- --
Vanadium 7440-62-2 231-171-1 No -- -- --
Zirconium 7440-67-7 231-176-9 F; R15-17 -- -- --
(1)
Hazard Classification according to European Council Directive 67/548/EEC, for R-phrases, see Section 16.
(2)
Evaluation according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
1 – Human Carcinogen 2B – Possibly carcinogenic to humans
(3)
Classification according to the 11th Report on Carcinogens, published by the US National Toxicology Program.
K – Known Carcinogen S – Suspect Carcinogen
(4)
Carcinogen listing according to OSHA, Occupational Safety & Health Administration (USA).
## Presently designated to become 2B with publication of monograph

APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION (Wt. %)

Product Si & Silicate Mineral AWS
Mn Cu Ni Cr V CaCO 3 CaF 2 TiO 2 Mo Fe
Trade Name SiO 2 Binder Silicates Classification

Atom Arc
7018 1-2 -- -- -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 70-85 E7018*
7018 Acclaim 1-2 -- -- -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 70-85 E7018*
7018-1 1-2 -- -- -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 70-85 E7018-1*
7018-AC 2-3 -- -- -- -- 5-10 1-5 1-3 1-3 9-14 <1 -- 70-80 E7018
7018-B2L 1-2 -- -- 1 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E7018-B2L*
7018-C3L 1-2 -- <1.1 <0.2 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E7018-C3L*
7018-LC 1-2 -- -- -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 67-82 E7018
7018-M 1-2 -- -- -- -- 6-12 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E7018M*
7018-Mo 1-2 -- -- -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E7018-A1*
7018-SR 1-2 -- -- -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 70-85 E7018*
7028 2-3 -- <0.3 -- -- 1-5 1-5 <1 2-4 5-10 1-3 -- 75-80 E7028*
8018 1-2 -- <1 -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 65-80 E8018-C3*
8018-B3L 1-2 -- -- 1-2 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E8018-B3L*
8018-B6 <1 -- -- 3-5 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 62-77 E8018-B6*
8018-B6L <1 -- -- 3-5 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 62-77 E8018-B6L*
8018-B8 1-2 -- -- 5-7 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 60-70 E8018-B8*
8018-C1 1-2 -- 1-2 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 65-80 E8018-C1*
8018-CM 1-2 -- -- 1 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E8018-B2*
8018-N 1-2 -- 2-3 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 65-80 E8018-C2*
8018-NM 1-2 -- <1 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E8018-NM1*
8018-SR 1-2 -- <1 -- -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E8018-C3*
8018-W 1-2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 -- 65-75 E8018-W2*
9015-B9 1-2 -- <0.5 6-8 <0.5 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 60-70 E9015-B9*
9018 1-2 -- 1-2 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E9018-M*
9018-CM 1-2 -- -- 1-2 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E9018-B3*
9018-SR 2-3 -- <1 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-75 E9018-G*
9018-B9 1-2 -- <0.5 6-8 <0.5 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 60-70 E9018-B9*
10018 2-3 -- 1-2 <0.5 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E10018-M*
10018-M1 1-2 -- 1-2 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-75 None
10018-MM 2-3 -- -- -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E10018-D2*
10718-M 1-2 -- 1-2 <0.5 <0.5 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 70-80 E10718-M
T 2-3 -- 1-2 <0.5 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E11018-M*
12018 2-3 -- 1-2 <1 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 E12018-M*
12018-M2 2-3 -- 2-3 -- -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 60-75 None
4130 1-2 -- 1 <0.5 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 None
4130-LN 1-2 -- <1 <0.5 -- 6-11 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 None
4140 1-2 -- -- <1 -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 None

-2-
 Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011
Product Si & Silicate Mineral AWS
Mn Cu Ni Cr V CaCO 3 CaF 2 TiO 2 Mo Fe
Trade Name SiO 2 Binder Silicates Classification
4340 1-2 -- 1-2 <1 -- 5-10 5-10 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 <1 65-80 None
OK
48.00 2-5 -- -- -- -- 30-40 15-20 3-7 10-15 5-10 2-5 -- 30-40 E7018
55.00 2-5 -- -- -- -- 20-30 15-20 4-10 15-20 5-10 1-2 -- 30-40 E7018-1*
* Also includes H4R designator.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation: If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration and obtain medical assistance immediately! If breathing
is difficult, provide fresh air and call physician.
Eye contact: For radiation burns due to arc flash, see physician. To remove dusts or fumes flush with water for at least
fifteen minutes. If irritation persists, obtain medical assistance.
Skin contact: For skin burns from arc radiation, promptly flush with cold water. Get medical attention for burns or irritations
that persist. To remove dust or particles wash with mild soap and water.
Electric shock: Disconnect and turn off the power. Use a nonconductive material to pull victim away from contact with live
parts or wires. If not breathing, begin artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth. If no detectable pulse,
begin Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Immediately call a physician.
General: Move to fresh air and call for medical aid.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

No specific recommendations for welding consumables. Welding arcs and sparks can ignite combustible and flammable
materials. Use the extinguishing media recommended for the burning materials and fire situation. Wear self-contained
breathing apparatus as fumes or vapors may be harmful.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Solid objects may be picked up and placed into a container. Liquids or pastes should be scooped up and placed into a
container. Wear proper protective equipment while handling these materials. Do not discard as refuse.
Personal precautions: refer to Section 8
Environmental precautions: refer to Section 13

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Handle with care to avoid stings and cuts. Wear gloves when handling welding consumables. Avoid exposure to dust. Do not
ingest.
Some individuals can develop an allergic reaction to certain materials. Retain all warning and identity labels.
Storage:
Keep separate from chemical substances like acids and strong bases, which could cause chemical reactions.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROL/PERSONAL PROTECTION

Avoid exposure to welding fumes, radiation, spatter, electric shock, heated materials and dust.
Engineering measures:
Ensure sufficient ventilation, local exhaust, or both, to keep welding fumes and gases from breathing zone and general area.
Keep working place and protective clothing clean and dry. Train welders to avoid contact with live electrical parts and insulate
conductive parts. Check condition of protective clothing and equipment on a regular basis.
Personal protective equipment:
Use respirator or air supplied respirator when welding or brazing in a confined space, or where local exhaust or ventilation is
not sufficient to keep exposure values within safe limits. Use special care when welding painted or coated steels since
hazardous substances from the coating may be emitted. Wear hand, head, eyes, ear and body protection like welders gloves,
helmet or face shield with filter lens, safety boots, apron, arm and shoulder protection. Keep protective clothing clean and dry.
Use industrial hygiene monitoring equipment to ensure that exposure does not exceed applicable national exposure limits. The
following limits can be used as guidance. For information about welding fume analysis refer to Section 10.

-3-
Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011
Substance CAS# ACGIH TLV (1) mg/m3 OSHA PEL (2) mg/m3
Calcium Carbonate 1317-65-3 Withdrawn 15*, 5**
Calcium Fluoride(as F) 7789-75-5 2.5 2.5
Chromium Compounds 7440-47-3
Metal (as Cr) 0.5 1
Cr(VI), inorganic, water insol. (as Cr) 0.01* 0.005*
Cr(VI), inorganic, water sol. (as Cr) 0.05* 0.005*
Copper (metal) fume 7440-50-8 0.2 0.1 (fume)
dust/mist 1 1 (dust/mist)
Iron (as iron oxide) 7439-89-6 5** 10 (fume)
Iron and Iron Oxides 7439-89-6 5** 10 (fume)
Manganese & 7439-96-5 0.2 5 Ceiling
Manganese compounds (as Mn)
Mineral Silicates (no exposure anticipated)
All substances with CAS of 14808-60-7 are quartz.
Bentonite Clays 1302-78-9 None None
Chlorite Silica-Crystalline-Quartz 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
%SiO 2 +2
Feldspar Silica-Crystalline-Quartz 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
%SiO 2 +2
Hectorite Silica-Crystalline-Quartz 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
%SiO 2 +2
Pyrropholite Silica-Crystalline- 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
Quartz %SiO 2 +2
Wollanstanite Silica-Crystalline- 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
Quartz %SiO 2 +2
Zircon Silica-Crystalline-Quartz 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
%SiO 2 +2
Molybdenum Metal and insoluble 7439-98-7 3 **, 10 *** 15
compounds

soluble compounds 0.5 ** 5

Nickel (inhalable fraction) 7440-02-0 1.5 1
Other Silicates
Kaolinite Clay 1332-58-7 2** 15*, 5**
Mica 12001-26-2 3** 20 mppcf quartz <1%
Talc (no asbestos) 14807-96-6 2** 20 mppcf quartz <1%
Silicate Binder (Potassium Silicate 1312-76-1 None None
& Sodium Silicate) 1344-09-8
Silicon (nuisance dust) 7440-21-3 Withdrawn 15*, 5**
Silicon Dioxide 14808-60-7 0.025** 10 mg/m3**
%SiO 2 +2
Titanium Oxide 13463-67-7 10 15*
Vanadium 7440-62-2 None None
Zirconium & Zirconium Compounds 7440-67-7 5 , 10 (STEL) 5
(1)
Threshold Limit Values according to American Conference of Governmental Hygienists, 2010
(2)
Permissible Exposure Limits according to the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (USA)
Unless noted, all values are for 8 hour time weighted averages (TWA).
* Total dust, ** Respirable fraction, *** Inhalable fraction.
NOTE: Some of these products may not contain all of the materials listed. For details of composition, refer to the COMPOSITION TABLE
in Section 3.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance: Solid, non-volatile with varying color
Melting point: >1300°C / >2300ºF

-4-
Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
General: These products are only intended for normal welding purposes.
Stability: These products are stable under normal conditions.
Reactivity: Contact with chemical substances like acids or strong bases could cause generation of gas.
When these products are used in a welding process, hazardous decomposition products would include those from the volatilization,
reaction or oxidation of the materials listed in Section 3 and those from the base metal and coating.
The amount of fumes generated from manual metal arc welding varies with welding parameters and dimensions but is generally no
more than 7 to 20 g/kg consumable. Fumes from these products may contain compounds of the following chemical elements: Fe, O,
Mn, Zr, Cr, Ni, F, Na, Si, K, Ca, Cu, Mo, V, Mg, and Ti. The rest is not analyzed, according to available standards.
Refer to applicable national exposure limits for fume compounds, including those exposure limits for fume compounds found in
Section 8. A significant amount of the chromium in the fumes can be hexavalent chromium, which has a very low exposure limit in
some countries. Manganese and nickel also have low exposure limits, in some countries, that may be easily exceeded. Reasonably
expected gaseous products would include carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and ozone. Air contaminants around the welding area can
be affected by the welding process and influence the composition and quantity of fumes and gases produced.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Inhalation of welding fumes and gases can be dangerous to your health. Classification of welding fumes is difficult because of varying
base materials, coatings, air contamination and processes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified welding
fumes as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
Acute toxicity: Overexposure to welding fumes may result in symptoms like metal fume fever, dizziness, nausea, dryness or
irritation of the nose, throat or eyes.
Chronic toxicity: Overexposure to welding fumes may affect pulmonary function. Prolonged inhalation of nickel and chromium
compounds above safe exposure limits can cause cancer. Overexposure to manganese and manganese
compounds above safe exposure limits can cause irreversible damage to the central nervous system, including the
brain, symptoms of which may include slurred speech, lethargy, tremor, muscular weakness, psychological
disturbances and spastic gait. Inhalable quartz is a respiratory carcinogen; however, the process of welding
converts crystalline quartz to the amorphous form which is not considered to be a carcinogen.

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Welding consumables and materials could degrade/weather into components originating from the consumables or from the materials
used in the welding process. Avoid exposure to conditions that could lead to accumulation in soils or groundwater.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Discard any product, residue, disposable container or liner in an environmentally acceptable manner, in full compliance with federal and local
regulations. Use recycling procedures if available.
USA RCRA: Unused products or product residue containing chromium is considered hazardous waste if discarded, RCRA ID
characteristic Toxic Hazardous Waste D007.
Residues from welding consumables and processes could degrade and accumulate in soils and groundwater. Welding slag from
these products typically contain mainly the following components originating from the coating of the electrode: Fe, O, Mn, Zr, Cr, Ni,
F, Na, Si, K, Ca, Cu, Mo, V, Mg, and Ti.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

No international regulations or restrictions are applicable.

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Read and understand the manufacturer's instructions, your employer's safety practices and the health and safety instructions on the
label. Observe any federal and local regulations. Take precautions when welding and protect yourself and others.
WARNING: Welding fumes and gases are hazardous to your health and may damage lungs and other organs. Use adequate
ventilation.
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.
ARC RAYS and SPARKS can injure eyes and burn skin.
Wear correct hand, head, eye and body protection.

-5-
Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011
Canada WHMIS classification: Class D; Division 2, Subdivision A
:
Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA): All constituents of these products are on the Domestic Substance List
(DSL).
USA: Under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, these products are considered hazardous.
These products contain or produce a chemical known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects (or other
reproductive harm). (California Health & Safety Code § 25249.5 et seq.)
United States EPA Toxic Substance Control Act: All constituents of these products are on the TSCA inventory list or are
excluded from listing.

CERCLA/SARA Title III

Reportable Quantities (RQs) and/or Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQs):
Ingredient name RQ (lb) TPQ (lb)
Product is a solid solution in the form of a solid article. - -
Spills or releases resulting in the loss of any ingredient at or above its RQ require immediate notification to the National
Response Center and to your Local Emergency Planning Committee.

Section 311 Hazard Class

As shipped: Immediate In Use: Immediate Delayed

EPCRA/SARA Title III 313 Toxic Chemicals

The following metallic components are listed as SARA 313 “Toxic Chemicals” and potential subject to annual SARA 313
reporting. See Section 3 for weight percent.
Ingredient name Disclosure threshold
Chromium 1.0% de minimis concentration
Copper 1.0% de minimis concentration
Manganese 1.0% de minimis concentration
Nickel 0.1% de minimis concentration
According to EC Directive 88/379/EEC, some of these products are classified with the following risk and safety phrases due
to their content of nickel:

Symbols:

Harmful:
R-phrases: R40 – Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R43 – May cause sensitization by skin contact.
S-phases: S2 – Keep out of the reach of children.
S22 – Do not breathe dust.
S36 – Wear suitable protective clothing.

16. OTHER INFORMATION

This Safety Data Sheet has been revised due to modifications to several paragraphs and/or new format. This SDS supersedes SDS
CAN301-A.
Refer to ESAB "Welding and Cutting - Risks and Measures", F52-529 “Precautions and Safe Practices for Electric Welding and
Cutting” and F2035 “Precautions and Safe Practices for Gas Welding, Cutting and Heating” available from ESAB, and to:
USA: Contact ESAB at www.esabna.com or 1-800-ESAB-123 if you have questions about this SDS.
American National Standard Z49.1 "Safety in Welding and Cutting", ANSI/AWS F1.5 “ Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Gases
from Welding and Allied Processes”, ANSI/AWS F1.1 “Method for Sampling Airborne Particles Generated by Welding and Allied
Processes”, AWSF3.2M/F3.2 “Ventilation Guide for Weld Fume”, American Welding Society, 550 North Le Jeune Road, Miami,
Florida, 33135. Safety and Health Fact Sheets available from AWS at www.aws.org.
OSHA Publication 2206 (29 C.F.R. 1910), U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954.
American Conference of Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH), Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 6500 Glenway
-6-
Product Identity: ATOM ARC and OK® LOW HYDROGEN WELDING ELECTRODES

SDS NO. CAN301-B

DATE REVISED: 02/01/2011
Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45211, USA.
NFPA 51B “Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting and Other Hot Work” published by the National Fire Protection
Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169.
UK: WMA Publication 236 and 237, "Hazards from Welding Fume”, “The arc welder at work, some general aspects of health
and safety".
Germany: Unfallverhütungsvorschrift BGV D1, "Schweißen, Schneiden und verwandte Verfahren".
Canada: CSA Standard CAN/CSA-W117.2-01 “Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes”
These products have been classified according to the hazard criteria of the CPR and the SDS contains all the information
required by the CPR.
R-phases: R15 – Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
R17 – Spontaneously flammable in air.
R40 – Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R43 – May cause sensitization by skin contact.
R45 – May cause cancer.
ESAB requests the users of these products to study this Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and become aware of product hazards and safety information.
To promote safe use of these products a user should:
- notify its employees, agents and contractors of the information on this SDS and any product hazards/safety information.
- furnish this same information to each of its customers for these products.
- request such customers to notify employees and customers for the same product hazards and safety information.
The information herein is given in good faith and based on technical data that ESAB believes to be reliable. Since the conditions of
use are outside our control, we assume no liability in connection with any use of this information and no warranty, expressed or
implied is given. Contact ESAB for more information.

-7-
6 Manufacturer's Catalogue
104627 ESAB MMA A5 Covers.qxd 6/7/07 10:15 am Page OC2

World leader in welding and cutting

Manual Metal Arc Electrodes

technology and systems.
World leader in welding and have achieved the new ISO 14001
cutting technology and systems standard in Environmental
ESAB operates at the forefront of Management Systems across all
welding and cutting technology.
Over one hundred years of
our global manufacturing facilities.
At ESAB, quality is an ongoing Manual Metal Arc Electrodes
continuous improvement in products process that is at the heart of all
and processes enables us to meet our production processes and
the challenges of technological facilities worldwide.
advance in every sector in which Multinational manufacturing, local
ESAB operates. representation and an international
network of independent distributors
Quality and environment standards brings the benefits of ESAB quality
Quality and the environment are and unrivalled expertise in materials
two key areas of focus. ESAB is one and processes within reach of all our
of few international companies to customers, wherever they are located.

ESAB Sales and Support Offices worldwide*

* Includes manufacturing facilities of ESAB North America.

A wholly owned subsidiary of Anderson Group Inc.

ESAB Limited
Hanover House, Queensgate, Britannia Road,
Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire,
EN8 7TF England
Telephone: 01992 760698 Fax: 01992 719191 Part No: E07MMAC
Email: info@esab.co.uk Website www.esab.co.uk FMS/104627
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 3

Contents

Manual Metal Arc Welding Electrodes

Mild Steel Repair & Maintenance

OK 46.00 ..............................................4 OK 92.15 ............................................34
OK 48.00 ..............................................5 OK 92.26 ............................................35
OK 48.04 ..............................................6 OK 92.45 ............................................36
OK 53.16 SPEZIAL ...............................7 OK 92.55 ............................................37
OK Femax 33.80 ..................................8 OK 94.25 ............................................38
OK Femax 38.65 ..................................9 OK 92.18 ............................................39
OK Pipeweld 6010 Plus .....................10 OK 92.58 ............................................40
OK 92.78 ............................................41
Low Alloyed Steel OK 83.28 ............................................42
OK 73.08 ............................................11 OK 83.50 ............................................43
OK 74.78 ............................................12 OK 84.58 ............................................44
OK 74.86 Tensitrode...........................13 OK 84.78 ............................................45
OK 75.75 ............................................14 OK 84.84 ............................................46
OK 76.18 ............................................15 OK 85.65 ............................................47
OK 76.28 ............................................16 OK 86.08 ............................................48
OK 21.03 ............................................49
Stainless Steel
OK 61.25 ............................................17 Packaging .........................................50
OK 61.30 ............................................18 Storage & Handling ..........................51
OK 61.35 ............................................19 General Information .........................53
OK 61.80 ............................................20
OK 63.20 ............................................21 Hardness Scales...............................60
OK 63.30 ............................................22 Conversions & Info...........................61
OK 63.34 ............................................23 Welding Positions.............................63
OK 63.35 ............................................24
OK 63.80 ............................................25
OK 67.15 ............................................26
OK 67.45 ............................................27
OK 67.55 ............................................28
OK 67.60 ............................................29
OK 67.70 ............................................30
OK 67.75 ............................................31
OK 68.81 ............................................32
OK 69.33 ............................................33

3
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 5

OK 48.00 SMAW
Type Lime-basic E7018

Description Classifications

A reliable, general purpose, LMA electrode SFA/AWS A5.1 E7018

for mild and low-alloy steels. OK 48.00 CSA W48 E4918
deposits a tough, crack-resistant weld EN ISO 2560-A E424 B42 H5
metal. High welding speed in the vertical-
up position. OK 48.00 is insensitive to the Typical all weld metal composition, %
composition of the base material within
fairly wide limits. The electrode can be C Si Mn
used for welding structures where difficult 0.06 0.5 1.2
stress conditions cannot be avoided.
Typical mech. properties all weld metal
Recovery
125% Yield stress, MPa 445
Tensile strength, MPa 540
Elongation, % 29
Welding current
DC+(-) Charpy V
Test temps, °C Impact values, J
-20 140
-40 70

Approvals

ABS 3H5, 3Y LR 3,3Y H5

BV 3, 3Y H5 PRS 3YH10
CE EN 13479 RINA E 52 3 HH
CWB CSA W48 RS 3YHH
DB 10.039.12 Sepros
DNV 3Y H5 VdTÜV 00690
GL 3Y H5

Welding parameters
N. B. H. T.
Kg weld No. of Kg weld Burn-off
Diameter, Length, Welding Arc voltage, metal/kg electrodes/ metal/hour time, s/
mm mm current, A V electrodes kg weld metal arc time electrode
1.6 300 30-55 22
2.0 300 50-80 24
2.5 350 80-110 23 0.65 62.5 1.0 56
3.2 350 90-140 22 0.64 43 1.3 66
3.2 450 90-140 23 0.64 32.3 1.5 76
4.0 350 125-210 24 0.51 35.0 2.1 64
4.0 450 125-210 26 0.67 20.5 2.1 86
5.0 450 200-260 23 0.69 13.5 2.6 102
6.0 450 220-340 23 0.72 9.6 3.7 102
7.0 450 280-410 25 0.72 7.0 4.4 117
5
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 50

Packaging

Stick electrodes
Rutile and low-hydrogen
electrodes are packed in
cardboard packs with
polyethylene shrink
wrapping. They are
supplied in units of three
or six in outer boxes
made of corrugated
board (Figures 1 & 2).

Stainless electrodes are

packed in polyethylene
boxes with a re-sealable
lid (Figure 3).

VacPacTM
No re-baking – no quivers – no holding ovens
VacPac vacuum packaging eliminates the costly re-baking and handling routines
normally associated with the storage of electrodes, by preventing airborne moisture
absorption. VacPac is simple and convenient to use, ensuring that the electrodes
keep their ‘factory fresh’, low-moisture condition until the sealed vacuum is released
and the electrodes are used. When stored under conditions in which the sealed
VacPac electrodes are not damaged, their shelf life is virtually unlimited.

Quality control is simple. The date and time of issue from the warehouse are written
on the foil to monitor safe usage within the time limits prescribed for the various
electrode types after opening the
VacPac. The foil, showing all the
necessary product information,
is left in place after opening.

The VacPac sizing options

make it possible to match the
number of electrodes to the
expected production rate and
the electrodes are available as
full, half and quarter packs,
containing approximately 4,
2.5 and 1kg of electrodes.

50
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 51

Storage and handling

Recommendations for the storage, re-drying and handling of

covered electrodes
General information
All covered electrodes are sensitive to moisture re-absorption to a greater or lesser
degree. Care must be taken during storage and handling to prevent moisture being
re-absorbed.

Storage
Covered electrodes of any type will pick up moisture only very slowly if they are
stored in the following climatic conditions:

Temperature Relative humidity

5-15°C < 60%
15-25°C < 50%
above 25°C < 40%

During the winter, it is possible to have low relative humidity by keeping the temperature
in the store room at least 10°C above the outdoor temperature. During certain periods
in the summer and in a tropical climate, sufficiently low relative humidity can be
maintained by air de-humidification.
If the electrodes have been stored in a cold place, allow them to reach ambient
temperature before breaking the package.

Re-drying
Low-hydrogen basic electrodes should be redried before use whenever there are
application requirements relating to weld metal hydrogen content and/or radiographic
soundness (not needed for VacPac™.)
Acid rutile stainless electrodes and all types of basic electrode may produce pores in
the weld if they have not been stored in sufficiently dry conditions. Redrying the
electrodes will restore their usability.
Mild steel rutile and acid electrodes normally need no redrying.
Cellulose electrodes must not be redried.
Electrodes which are seriously damaged by moisture can normally not be redried with
first class results. These electrodes should be scrapped.

Redrying conditions
Redrying temperatures and holding times are specified on the label and in the product
specification. The redrying temperature is the temperature in the bulk of the electrodes.
The redrying time is measured from the point at which the redrying temperature has
been reached.
Do not stack more than four layers of electrodes in the redrying oven.
It is recommended not to redry covered electrodes more than three times.
51
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 52

Storage and handling

Holding oven
The holding oven is used for intermediate storage to avoid moisture pick-up in the
coating of low-hydrogen electrodes and acid rutile stainless electrodes. The electrodes
which should be stored in the holding oven are:
1. Electrodes that have been redried.
2. Electrodes that have been removed from their hermetically-sealed container.
3. Electrodes that are considered to be in good condition and are transferred directly
from the store room after unpacking.
Holding oven temperature: 120-150°C.

Precautions on site
Keep the electrodes in electrically-heated quivers at a minimum temperature of 70°C.
After work, return the remaining electrodes to the holding oven.

Discoloration in the coating

If the colour of the electrodes changes during storage, they should be scrapped or
the electrode manufacturer should be contacted.

Damaged coating
Mechanically damaged electrodes on which parts of the coating are missing will not
perform correctly and should be scrapped.

VacPac™
Electrodes in VacPac™ will not pick up any moisture during storage. They require no
redrying before use, provided the package is undamaged. This is indicated by a
vacuum in the package.

Handling VacPac™ electrodes

Protect VacPac™ from damage at all times.
The outer board packaging offers extra protection from mechanical damage to the
metal foil. Handle the single inner, metal foil, VacPac™ with special care.
Do not use a knife or any other sharp object to open the outer board packaging.

Before using VacPac™ electrodes

Check if the protective foil still contains a vacuum. If the vacuum has been lost, re-dry
the electrodes before use.
Cut open the protective foil at one end.
Do not take out more than one electrode at a time, thereby ensuring that the
remaining electrodes are still protected inside the package. Put the top back on the
plastic capsule.
Discard or re-dry electrodes that have been exposed to the atmosphere in an opened
Vac-Pac™ for more than 12 hours.

52
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 53

General information

Handwelding electrodes
Official approval
In addition to the official approval given in this catalogue, many OK electrodes
are approved by foreign authorities, railway boards, private companies and so on.
Information about the different types of approval is available on request.

Tensile properties
Unless otherwise stated, tensile properties refer to all weld metal test pieces
prepared according to the rules of the classification societies using 4 and 6mm
diameter electrodes.

Welding current
Maximum and minimum values are given. The most suitable welding current depends
largely on the size of the workpiece, the welding position and the type of joint.
Small workpieces require a lower current, larger workpieces a higher current,
depending on the dissipation of heat from the joint.

Cold cracking
Cold cracking will only occur if the following three factors are present at the same time:
1. Hard phases in the weld, preferably martensite
2. Sufficient stress
3. Hydrogen dissolved in the weld metal
Hard phases form when the weld is cooled rapidly from melting temperature to room
temperature. Alloying elements, mostly carbon, are forced to dissolve in the weld
metal and make it brittle. The following formula describes this process in the case of
standard carbon-manganese steel.

E =%C+ %Mn +%(Cr+Mo+V) +%(Ni+Cu)

C 6 5 15

Steels with EC=0.35 and below are usually weldable without any problems at normal
steel sizes. For the more highly alloyed steels and steels with thicker dimensions, an
elevated working temperature is necessary in order to reduce the cooling rate.
The elevated temperature also allows the hydrogen to diffuse.
To determine elevated working temperatures, please consult BS 5135: 1984 or SS
064025. If the EC dimension of the plates and heat input are known, these standards
will state whether heating is necessary and the level at which it should take place.
Tension cannot be avoided when welding, as steel expands when heated, although
correct planning and heat treatment can reduce tension considerably.

53
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 54

General information

Hydrogen forms from water in the surroundings and from the electrode coating.
The water is divided into oxygen and hydrogen in the arc and the hydrogen in particular
has a strong tendency to dissolve in the weld metal and initiate cold cracking.
Conclusion: Dry basic electrodes when there is risk of cold cracking.

Labelling
The electrode type is clearly marked on the coating of each electrode near the grip
end, e.g. OK 48.00.

Choice of suitable electrode

The OK electrodes in this catalogue are placed into groups according to the type of
alloy deposited. Within each group of electrodes for welding mild, low-alloy and
stainless steels, there are several cases in which many different electrodes are
designed for welding the same type of steel. So, for each steel grade, there are often
a large number of electrode types to choose from, all of which produce similar weld
metal compositions but have different coatings, welding properties, welding speeds
and weld metal quality. This large choice makes it possible to choose the electrode
which produces the right weld metal quality at the lowest cost.
When selecting an electrode, the first rule is to select one which produces a weld
metal quality equal to or better than that of the base material and, when necessary, is
approved for the material in question. Welding position and type of joint are other
factors which influence the choice of electrode, as different electrodes have different
properties in different welding positions and types of joint.

General information about the influence of coating type on welding properties,

welding speed and weld metal quality
Rutile electrodes giving about 100% weld metal recovery are easy to strike and use
and are particularly suitable for short welds in mild steel, for fillet welds, for welding
sheet steels and for bridging large joint gaps. The welds have a fine finish and spatter
losses are negligible. The welding speed is moderate.

Unalloyed electrodes
Unalloyed rutile electrodes are not normally recommended for welding steel with a
nominal tensile strength exceeding 440 MPa (45 kp/mm2). Rutile electrodes are
relatively insensitive to moisture.

High-efficiency rutile electrodes

High-efficiency rutile electrodes generally produce a higher welding speed, which
increases as the weld metal recovery increases, up to a maximum of about 140
g/minute for 6mm diameter OK Femax 33.80.
They are all easy to use, produce excellent slag detachability, fine bead appearance
and are particularly suitable for welding horizontal/vertical fillets. The weld metal has

54
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 55

General information

tensile properties which are as high as, or somewhat higher than, those of the weld
metal from unalloyed basic electrodes but have lower elongation and impact strength.
The evenness of the weld and the smooth transition of the base material make joints
produced with rutile electrodes at least as good in terms of fatigue strength as
unmachined joints produced using basic electrodes. Unalloyed rutile electrodes,
irrespective of their efficiency, can be recommended for welding mild steel with a
nominal tensile strength of 440 MPa (45 kp/mm2). When it comes to the tensile
strength of the deposit, rutile electrodes can also be used for welding steels with a
nominal tensile strength of more than 440 MPa (45 kp/mm2), but, as a general rule,
only electrodes producing a weld metal with a low hydrogen content, e.g. basic,
rutilebasic or zircon-basic electrodes, should be used to weld these steels.

Acid electrodes
Acid electrodes without iron powder in the covering are easier to strike than basic
electrodes but more difficult to strike and re-strike than rutile electrodes. The welding
speed is moderate. The weld beads are smooth and shiny. The slag is inflated and
easy to remove. The weld metal has a lower yield stress and tensile strength
compared with that produced by rutile electrodes, but it has higher elongation and
impact strength.
This type of electrode, which completely dominated the market a few decades ago,
has gradually been replaced by rutile electrodes for welding in the flat position and
basic electrodes for positional welding. Unalloyed acid electrodes are suitable for
welding steels with a nominal tensile strength of up to 440 MPa (45 kp/mm2).

High-efficiency acid electrodes

High-efficiency acid electrodes have a considerably higher welding speed than normal
electrodes, up to a maximum of about 120 g/min for 6 mm diameter OK Femax 39.50.
The beads are smooth and shiny. The slag is inflated and easy to remove. High-
efficiency acid electrodes are particularly suitable for making butt joints and fillet welds
in the flat position. OK Femax 39.50 in long lengths is suitable for gravity welding with
short-neck equipment.
The weld metal has the same strength as that produced by normal acid electrodes
and the range of applications is therefore similar, i.e. they are suitable for welding mild
steels with a nominal tensile strength of no more than 440 MPa (45 kg/mm2).

Unalloyed basic electrodes

Unalloyed basic electrodes give moderate welding speed in the flat position but are
faster than other types when welding vertically upwards. The reason for this is that
basic electrodes can be deposited at a higher current in the vertical position than
other types of electrode. In addition, the amount of weld metal deposited per electrode
is greater than that of other electrodes which can be used in this position. This results
in a smaller number of electrode changes. The normal result is therefore a higher
fusion rate and higher arctime factor when welding vertically upwards with basic
electrodes compared with other types.

55
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 56

General information

The slag is normally not quite as easy to remove as the slag from acid or rutile
electrodes, but, in spite of this, it can be classed as easily detachable. The slag from
basic electrodes has a lower melting point than that from rutile or acid electrodes.
The risk of slag inclusions during normal production welding is therefore unusually
small when basic electrodes are used, even if the slag is not completely removed
between beads during multi-run welding.
The weld metal from basic electrodes has a low hydrogen content and usually has
good toughness even at low temperatures. Basic electrodes are less likely to
produce either hot cracks or cold cracks compared with other types of electrode.
The superiority of basic electrodes from this point of view appears when welding
manganese alloyed structural steels, pressure-vessel steels and ship's plate with a
nominal tensile strength of 490-530 MPa (50-54 kp/mm2). The higher the hardenability
of the steel to be welded, the greater the necessity to use basic electrodes and the
greater the need for low moisture content in the coating.

Zircon-basic, high-efficiency electrodes

Zircon-basic, high-efficiency electrodes are the fastest of all and are preferably
deposited in the flat position. OK Femax 38.95 deposits a maximum of 250 g/min. with
6 mm diameter electrodes. Zircon-basic, high-efficiency electrodes can be used for
welding the same steels as unalloyed basic electrodes. OK Femax 38.65 is suitable for
welding butt joints and fillet joints in the horizontal, vertical and flat positions.
OK Femax 38.95 is recommended for welding butt joints and fillet joints.

Rutile-basic, high-efficiency electrodes

Rutile-basic, high-efficiency electrodes combine the good welding properties of rutile
electrodes with the high weld metal quality of basic electrodes. They are therefore the
best electrodes for performing horizontal-vertical fillet welds in high strength steels,
where ordinary rutile, high-efficiency electrodes are not permitted. They can be used
for welding the same steels as standard unalloyed basic electrodes or unalloyed
zirconbasic, high-efficiency electrodes.
OK Femax 38.85 is the fastest low-hydrogen electrode for horizontal fillet welds.

Cellulose electrodes
Cellulose electrodes are easy to use in all welding positions and are particularly good
for vertical and overhead welding. Cellulose electrodes are recommended for all-
positional welding where the mechanical properties of the deposit are of the greatest
importance and radiographic requirements must be met. Vertical and overhead welding
often require an electrode one size larger in comparison to electrodes with other types
of coating. Cellulose electrodes are extremely good for vertical-down welding.
Higher tensile steel requires preheating and higher interpass temperatures than when
the welding is done with low-hydrogen electrodes.

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General information

Calculation of electrode consumption

In the tables, joint cross section, theoretical joint volume and kg weld metal per metre
length of welded joint are given. The electrode consumption per metre of welded joint
is obtained by dividing the number of kg of weld metal by N, where N is the kg of weld
metal per kg of electrode and is given for each electrode on their respective pages.

Square butt joints: Joint volumes and weld metal weights

Position Plate Gap Volume/length Weight/length weld

thickness mm cm3/m metal kg/m
mm

1 0 2 0.02
1.5 0.5 3 0.02
2 1 4 0.03
Flat 3 1.5 7 0.05

4 2 17 0.13
5 2 21 0.16
6 2.5 27 0.21
Flat 7 3 36 0.28

1 0 2.5 0.02
1.5 0.5 4 0.03
2 1 5 0.04
Horizontal-Vertical 3 1.5 9.5 0.07

4 2 22 0.17
5 2.5 25 0.20
6 3 32 0.25
Horizontal-Vertical 7 3 42 0.33
4 2 9 0.07
5 2 10.5 0.08
6 2.5 13 0.10
7 3 16 0.13

4 2 10.5 0.08
5 2 16 0.13
6 2.5 18 0.14
Overhead 7 3 21 0.16

57
58
Calculation of electrode consumption
Single V-joints: volumes and weld metal weights

50° 60° 70° 80°

60°
Plate
thick-
ness Gap Flat Flat Vertical Overhead Horizontal-Vertical
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd

mm mm
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
4 1 11.5 11 0.09 13 12.5 0.10 15 16.5 0.13 17.5 18 0.14 13 14.5 0.11
5 1 16.5 16 0.13 19.5 19 0.15 22.5 24.5 0.19 26 28 0.22 19.5 21 0.16
6 1 23 21.5 0.17 27 25.5 0.20 31 37 0.29 36 38.5 0.30 27 30 0.24
6/7/07

7 1.5 33.5 32.5 0.26 39 38 0.30 45 49 0.38 51.5 56 0.44 39 42 0.33

8 1.5 42 40 0.31 49 46.5 0.37 57 59.5 0.47 65.5 70 0.55 49 56 0.44
9 1.5 51 48 0.38 60.5 56 0.44 70 75.5 0.59 81.5 87.5 0.69 60.5 65 0.51
10 2 66.5 62 0.49 77.5 72 0.57 90 96.5 0.76 104 109 0.86 77.5 81 0.64
11 2 78.5 71.5 0.56 92 83.5 0.66 107 113 0.89 124 130 1.02 92 96.5 0.76
4:44 pm

12 2 91 83 0.65 107 97.5 0.77 125 134 1.05 145 157 1.23 107 113 0.89
14 2 120 110 0.86 141 130 1.02 165 171 1.34 193 204 1.60 141 159 1.17
15 2 135 123 0.97 160 146 1.15 188 197 1.55 219 231 1.81 160 171 1.34
16 2 151 132 1.04 180 157 1.23 211 223 1.75 247 257 2.02 180 186 1.46
General information

18 2 189 170 1.33 223 204 1.60 263 276 2.17 308 320 2.51 223 233 1.83
Page 58

20 2 227 208 1.63 271 247 1.94 320 334 2.62 376 396 3.11 271 281 2.21
25 2 341 313 2.46 411 375 2.94 488 510 4.00 577 606 4.76 411 425 3.34

1 Theoretical volume cm3/m

2 Actual joint volume cm3/m (taking account of transverse shrinkage)
3 Deposited weld metal kg/m

The first run and backing run V-joints: Weld metal weights
Position Plate thickness Weight/length Electrode diam
mm kg/m mm
Flat 6–12 0.10 3.25
Flat > 12 0.15 4
Vertical > 8 0.15 3.25
Horizontal-Vertical > 8 0.15 3.25
Overhead > 10 0.10 3.25
104627 ESAB MMA A5.qxd 6/7/07 4:44 pm Page 59

General information

Calculation of electrode consumption

Corner welds: Actual joint volumes and weld metal weights

Plate Section
thickness size
mm mm2 cm3/m kg/m cm3/m kg/m cm3/m kg/m cm3/m kg/m
2 2 3.5 0.03 3 0.02 3.5 0.03 3.5 0.03
3 4.5 7 0.05 7 0.05 7 0.05 7.5 0.06
4 8 9 0.07 9 0.07 9.5 0.07 10.5 0.08
5 12.5 13 0.10 13.5 0.11 14.5 0.11 16 0.13
6 18 18.5 0.15 19.5 0.15 21 0.16 22 0.17
7 24.5 25.5 0.20 26.5 0.21 27.5 0.22 31.5 0.25
8 32 33 0.26 34.5 0.27 36 0.28 40.5 0.32
9 40.5 41.5 0.33 43 0.34 45.5 0.36 51 0.40
10 50 51.5 0.40 53.5 0.42 56 0.44 64 0.50
11 60.5 63 0.49 67 0.53 72 0.57 78.5 0.62
12 72 74.5 0.58 79 0.62 84.5 0.66 93 0.73
15 113 116 0.91 123 0.97 132 1.04 141 1.11
18 162 167 0.31 174 1.37 190 1.49 204 1.60
20 200 206 1.62 206 1.62 227 1.78 252 1.98
22 242 248 1.95 255 2.00 275 2.16 204 2.39
25 323 329 2.58 331 2.60 370 2.90 405 3.18

Fillet welds: Actual joint volumes and weld metal weights

Throat Section
thickness size
mm mm2 cm3/m kg/m cm3/m kg/m cm3/m kg/m cm3/m kg/m
2 4 5 0.04 6 0.05 5.5 0.04 5.5 0.04
2.5 6.5 7.5 0.06 8.5 0.07 8 0.06 8.5 0.07
3 9 10.5 0.08 12.5 0.10 11 0.09 12 0.09
3.5 12.5 14 0.11 16 0.13 15 0.12 16.5 0.13
4 16 18 0.14 21 0.16 19.5 0.15 22 0.17
4.5 20.5 22.5 0.18 26 0.20 24.5 0.19 26.5 0.21
5 25 27.5 0.22 31.5 0.25 30.5 0.24 33 0.26
5.5 30.5 33.5 0.26 37 0.29 36 0.28 40.5 0.32
6 36 40 0.31 42 0.33 43 0.34 47.5 0.37
6.5 42.5 46.5 0.37 49.5 0.39 51 0.40 56 0.44
7 49 54.5 0.43 57 0.45 56 0.44 65 0.51
7.5 56.5 60.5 0.47 65 0.51 64 0.50 73.5 0.58
8 64 70 0.55 73.5 0.58 76.5 0.60 82.5 0.65
9 81 88 0.69 94 0.74 95 0.75 109 0.86
10 100 108 0.85 114 0.89 116 0.91 130 1.02
11 121 131 1.03 138 1.08 143 1.12 157 1.23
12 144 155 1.22 162 1.27 169 1.33 188 1.48
13 169 179 1.41 190 1.49 195 1.53 220 1.73
14 196 207 1.62 224 1.76 227 1.78 257 2.02
15 225 237 1.86 248 1.95 264 2.07 294 2.31

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General information

Hardness Scales

STATIC INDENTATION METHODS

Vickers or Rockwell Hardness Brinell Hardness
Diamond Pyramid C Scale B Scale HB, HBr BHN Tungsten
Hardness HV, HRC, Rc HRB, RB Steel Ball Carbide Ball
1000 69 - - -
950 68 - - -
900 67 - - -
850 66 - - -
800 64 - - 722
750 62 - - 691
700 60 - - 656
650 58 - - 611
600 55 - - 564
580 54 - - 545
560 53 - - 525
540 52 - 496 507
520 51 - 480 488
500 49 - 465 471
480 48 - 448 452
460 46 - 433 433
440 45 - 415 415
420 43 - 397 397
400 41 - 379 379
380 39 - 360 360
360 37 - 341 341
340 34 - 322 322
320 32 - 303 303
300 30 - 284 284
280 27 - 265 265
260 24 - 247 247
240 20 98 228 228
220 - 95 209 209
200 - 92 190 190
180 - 87 171 171
160 - 82 152 152
140 - 75 133 133
120 - 67 114 114
100 - 56 95 95

This table must be regarded as giving no more than a general indication of the hardness
relationships for steels.

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General information

Conversions and Information

ELECTRODE SIZE EQUIVALENTS

Diameters Lengths
mm SWG in mm in
1.6 16 1/16 250 10
2 14 5/64 300 12
2.5 12 3/32 350 14
3.25 10 1/8 400 16
4 8 5/32 450 18
5 6 3/16 600 24
6 4 1/4 700 28
8 - 5/16

APPROXIMATE METAL DENSITIES

(g/cm3 at +20°C)
Steel, 0.06% /0.4% Mn 7.87
Steel, 0.1% C/5% Cr 7.81
Steel - 0. 1 5% C/1 3% Cr 7.74
Steel: 0.2% C/26% C, 7.66
Stainless Steel 19% Cr/10% Ni/0.03% C 7.93
Stainless Steel 25% Cr/20% Ni/0.2% C 7.9
Aluminium, commercial Purity 2.7
Al/1.3% Mn 2.74
Al/11% Si 2.65
Copper, O.F.H.C 8.94
Cu/7.5% Sn/0.2% P 8.9

SYMBOLS FOR CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

Al Aluminium Nb Niobium
C Carbon Ni Nickel
Cb Columbium O Oxygen
(Niobium)
Co Cobalt P Phosphorus
Cr Chromium Pb Lead
Cu Copper S Sulphur
H Hydrogen Sn Tin
Fe Iron Ta Tantalum
Mg Magnesium Ti Titanium
Mn Manganese V Vanadium
Mo Molybdenum W Tungsten
N Nitrogen Zn Zinc

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General information

Conversions and Information

BASIC CONVERSION FACTORS

To Convert Into Multiply by:
(NB Factors ending in 0 are exact)
in mm 25.40
mm in 0.0393701
ft m 0.3048
m ft 3.2808398
lb kg 0.453592370
kg lb 2.20462
ton (long) tonne 1.01605
tonne kg 1000.0
gallon (imp) l (litre) 4.54596
l ml 1000.0
ml cm3 1.000028
cu ft l 28.3161

COMPOUND CONVERSION FACTORS

tonf/in2 N/m M2 15.444 3
lbf/in 2
N/m M2 0.006 894 777
N/mm2 tonf/in2 0.064 749
N/mm 2
lbf/in2 145.03776
ft lbf J (joules) 1.35582
kgf m J 9.806650
kgf m ft lbf 7.23301
ft lbf kgf m 0.138255
J ft lbf 0.737562
in/min m/hr 1.5240
m/hr in/min 0.656168
cu ft/hr l/min 0.47195
l/min cu ft/hr 2.118936
lb/cu ft g/cm3 0.01602
g/cm3 lb/cu ft 62.43

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104627 ESAB MMA A5 Covers.qxd 6/7/07 10:15 am Page IN2

General information

Welding Positions in accordance Basic Welding Positions

with ASME IX / BS EN ISO 6947

Flat or Horizontal/ Vertical Vertical Overhead

downhand Vertical up down (4G)
(1G) (2G) (3G) (3G)

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104627 ESAB MMA A5 Covers.qxd 6/7/07 10:15 am Page OC2

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