Foreign Language Ii - English Ii: Callao State University

CALLAO STATE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FOREIGN LANGUAGE II – ENGLISH II
 GRAMMAR TOPIC: “Comparatives and

superlatives”.
 TRANSVERSAL TOPIC: “The comsumption of

drugs in Peru”
 READING LITERARY BOOKS: “Fish and Chips,

The Red Pony, The Stranger”
 SONG: Can’t feel my face
 PROFESSOR: Camones Rosaura
 STUDENT: Pozo Saba Jorge Luis
 TURN: 02T
 ACADEMIC SEMESTER: 2018 A
CALLAO-PERU
18 JULY 2017
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERIN
ÍNDEX
1 DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................4
2 OBJECTIVES ..............................................................................................................................5
3 “COMPARATIVES” AND “SUPERLATIVES”...................................................................6
3.1 GRADES OF ADJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 7
3.1.1 The positive degree ................................................................................................................ 7
3.1.2 The comparative degree ......................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3 The superlative degree ........................................................................................................... 8
3.2 FORMATION OF REGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES ................................................ 9
3.2.1 For one-syllable adjectives:..................................................................................................... 9
3.2.2 For two-syllables adjectives: ................................................................................................... 9
3.2.3 For adjectives of three or more syllables: ............................................................................. 10
3.2.4 Irregular adjectives: .............................................................................................................. 10
4 “THE CONSUMPTION OF DRUGS IN PERU” ................................................................ 11
4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 WHAT ARE DRUGS?................................................................................................................. 12
4.3 TYPES OF DRUGS ..................................................................................................................... 12
4.3.1 LEGAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.2 ILLEGAL DRUGS .................................................................................................................... 17
4.4 Others studies......................................................................................................................... 27
4.5 Images of some drugs ............................................................................................................. 28
4.6 DRUG PREVENTION ................................................................................................................. 30
4.6.1 Risk factors ........................................................................................................................... 30
4.6.2 Protection factors ................................................................................................................. 30
4.7 Programs for Drug Prevention................................................................................................. 30
4.7.1 Family Based Drug Prevention .............................................................................................. 31
4.7.2 School Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs .................................................................... 31
4.7.3 Community Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs ............................................................ 31
4.8 Important Facts ...................................................................................................................... 31
4.9 Images of people who left drugs ............................................................................................. 33
5 “READING LITERARY BOOKS”...................................................................................... 34
5.1 Authors ................................................................................................................................... 35
5.1.1 DAVID COUPER ..................................................................................................................... 35
2
5.1.2 JOHN STEINBECK .................................................................................................................. 35

5.1.3 NORMAN WHITNEY .............................................................................................................. 35
5.2 SUMMARY OF THE BOOKS ...................................................................................................... 36
5.2.1 FISH AND CHIPS .................................................................................................................... 36
5.2.2 THE RED PONY ...................................................................................................................... 36
5.2.3 THE STRANGER ..................................................................................................................... 37
5.3 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BOOKS .......................................................................................... 38
5.3.1 FISH AND CHIPS .................................................................................................................... 38
5.3.2 THE RED PONY ...................................................................................................................... 38
5.3.3 THE STRANGER ..................................................................................................................... 38
6 SONG “CAN’T FEEL MY FACE” ....................................................................................... 39
7 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 42
7.1 CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................................. 42
7.2 CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................. 42
7.3 CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................. 43
7.4 CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................. 43
8 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 43
8.1 CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................................. 43
8.2 CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................. 43
8.3 CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................. 43
8.4 CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................. 43
9 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 44
10 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 45
10.1 CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................ 45
10.2 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................ 46
10.3 CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................ 46
10.4 CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................ 48
3
1 DEDICATION
 I dedicate this work, first of all to God because he is always with me.
 To my parents for supporting me in everything and always advise me.
 To my professor for all his teachings.
 To my sister, who was the one who helped me carry out this work.
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2 OBJECTIVES
 Learn how to use comparative and superlative adjectives.
 Know about the drugs that are consumed in Peru.
 Know approximately the number of people who use drugs in Peru.
 Know the consequences of drug use.
5
CHAPTER ONE
GRAMMAR TOPIC
3 “COMPARATIVES”
AND “SUPERLATIVES”
6
3 COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Adjectives describe qualities of nouns. Some of these qualities may vary in degree or
intensity. As in Spanish, when we want to make comparisons we contrast qualities or
attributes by means of adjectives in their various degrees.
3.1 GRADES OF ADJECTIVES
Adjectives that can vary in degree or intensity have comparative and superlative forms.
In the next section, there are the rules on how to form these comparative and
superlative forms.
3.1.1 The positive degree
The positive degree of adjectives is the quality in the simplest degree.
Examples:
 Luis runs fast.
Luis corre rápido.
 She’s room is clean.
La habitación de ella está limpia.
 Lima is big.
Lima es grande.
3.1.2 The comparative degree
When making comparisons, we can highlight the superiority, inferiority or equality of
quality from one to another. Th estructure of each of these degrees of comparison is
different.
3.1.2.1 Comparatives of superiority
In superiority comparisons, the adjective, which is in the comparative form, is followed
by "than".
Examples:
 Luis runs faster than Jorge.
Luis corre más rápido que Jorge.
 Diana’s room is cleaner than Carla’s.
La habitación de Diana es más limpia que la de Carla.
 Juan is taller than David.
Juan es más alto que David.
3.1.2.2 Comparatives of inferiority
To form this type of comparison we can use the conjunctions "not as ... as" or "less ...
than". In both cases, the adjective is in the positive degree.
Examples:
 Luis is not as fast as Jorge.
Luis no corre tan rápido como Jorge.
7
 Diana’s room is less clean than Carla’s.

La habitación de Diana no es tan limpia como la de Carla.
 Juan is not as tall as David.
Juan no es tan alto como David.
3.1.2.3 Equality comparatives
With the adjective in the positive degree, we use the conjunction "as ... as" to form
equality comparisons.
 Luis is as fast as Jorge.
Luis corre tan rápido como Jorge.
 Diana’s room is as clean as Carla’s.
La habitación de Diana es tan limpia como la de Carla.
 Juan is as tall as David.
Juan es tan alto como David.
Observation: We can modify a comparison with a quantifier (much, a lot, a little,
slightly ...).
Examples:
 Luis is a lot faster than Jorge.
Luis corre mucho más rápido que Jorge.
 Juan is a little taller than David.
Juan es un poco más alto que David.
3.1.3 The superlative degree
The superlative degree denotes quality in the highest degree and as in Spanish, "the" is
used in front of the adjective in the superlative form
Examples:
 Luis is the fastest.
Luis es el más rápido.
 Diana’s room is the cleanest.
La habitación de Diana es la más limpia.
 Juan is the tallest.
Juan es el más alto.
Observation: If the adjective is possessive, "the" is not used. Also "the" is not used if
we compare something with itself.
Examples:
 His smartest student is Lisa.
Su estudiante más lista es Lisa.
 New York is coldest in January.
New York es más frío en enero.
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3.2 FORMATION OF REGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

There are some rules to form the comparative and superlative.
3.2.1 For one-syllable adjectives:
Add “-er” for the comparative and “-est” for the superlative. If the adjective ends in
“e”, Add “-er” for the comparative and “-est” for the superlative.
ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Tall Taller Tallest
Fast Faster Fastest
Nice Nicer Nicest
3.2.2 For two-syllables adjectives:

Two-syllable adjectives can form the comparative by adding "-er", like the adjectives of
a syllable, or by placing "more" in front of the adjective, as it happens with those of
three syllables. Likewise, these adjectives can form the superlative by adding the
ending "-est" or by putting "most" in front of the adjective. In many cases, both forms
are used, although one of the uses will be more common than the other. If we are not
sure that an adjective can take the comparative or superlative endings, it is better to
use "more" and "most". When a two-syllable adjective ends in "y", it must be changed
to "i" before adding the ending.
Happy Happier Happiest
Busy Busier Busiest
Simple Simpler Simplest
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3.2.3 For adjectives of three or more syllables:

Adjectives of three or more syllables form the comparative by placing "more" or “less”
before the adjective and the superlative by placing " most" or " least".
More beautiful most beautiful

Beautiful
Less beautiful least beautiful
More important most important
Important
Less important least important
More expensive most expensive
Expensive
Less expensive least expensive
Examples:
 My job is more important than yours.
Mi trabajo es más importante que el tuyo.
 The first book is less interesting than the second one.
El primer libro es menos interesante que el segundo.
 That cell phone is the most expensive in the store.
Ese teléfono celular es el más caro en la tienda.
 He is the least intelligent of the class.
Él es el menos inteligente de la clase.
3.2.4 Irregular adjectives:
Some very ordinary adjectives have irregular shapes in the comparative and
superlative degrees.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Far Further Furthest
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CHAPTER TWO
TRANSVERSAL TOPIC
4 “THE CONSUMPTION
OF DRUGS IN PERU”
11
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Illegal drug consumption is not an invention of this generation, it has existed for
centuries.
The novelty of our day is the great variety of products that can be obtained and the
growing number of consumers.
For a long time it was thought that drug abuse was related to the poverty of the family
environment. Today we know that anyone can fall into this vice. Drug abuse is not an
easily solved problem, and the mere fact of the large number of products that can be
purchased and the large number of people who consume them, complicates even
more.
The problem of drugs affects Peru in many ways. In effect, starting with the cultivation,
going on to the elaboration of drugs, drug trafficking, microcommercialization and
consumption; the population of the country is exposed to a series of damages to
health, ecology, education, public safety, the economy and many other dimensions
An important aspect in the fight against drugs is to know how much the population is
being affected.
4.2 WHAT ARE DRUGS?
Drug is all the substance that introduces into the organism alters the state of mind,
perception, state of consciousness, mental functions and behavior.
4.3 TYPES OF DRUGS
The drugs are classified according to the effects they cause on the nervous system in:
 Depressants:
Alcohol, tranquilizers and heroin.
 Stimulants:
Cocaine, amphetamines.
 Hallucinogens:
Marijuana, cocaine paste, neoprene.
We can also classify them as legal and illegal:

 Legal:
Alcohol and Tobacco.
 Illegal:
Cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana, cocaine paste, neoprene, LSD, heroin, ecstasy.
The information presented in this report is based on The latest epidemiological study
of the Center for Information and Education for the Prevention of Drug Abuse (CEDRO)
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4.3.1 LEGAL DRUGS

4.3.1.1 ALCOHOL
 Consumption and addiction to alcohol is the main public health problem in the field
of drugs.
 It is difficult to make estimates about the number of alcoholics in Peru although
conservatively it is thought that there may be more than half a million people with
this disease.
 According to the World Health Organization, more than 2.5 million people die each
year from causes related to the use of alcoholic beverages.
 In addition to beer, chicha, aguardientes and macerados are consumed in Peru.
 The results of the Opinion Study on drugs in the Peruvian urban population (2017)
show that alcohol is considered the fourth most dangerous drug, after cocaine
drugs and marijuana.
 Active principle: Ethyl alcohol.

 Characteristics: Drink presented in different colors, graduations and origin.
 Production: It is produced from the catalysis of natural sugars present in the
products from which it is derived, obtained by distillation and / or fermentation.
 Presentation: Depending on the type you can carry out nicknames that identify
with their origin and ways of preparation: 'chela', 'wiscacho', 'wiskola', etc. In
general, it is sold in bottles and cans in pure or combined form, with different
degrees of purity.
EFFECTS OF
UNWANTED EFFECTS CONSEQUENCES
INTOXICATION
 Euphoria.  Organs most affected: liver (cell  Loss of social
 Disinhibition. destruction) and digestive system responsibility.
 Increase in (gastritis).  Family breakdown.
sociability.  Decreased cardiorespiratory rhythm.  Bad treatments.
 Loss of control of  Loss of neuronal mass.  Labor absenteeism.
higher faculties:  Depending on the dose, other systems  Low productivity.
difficulty in can be affected: speech, balance,  Exposure to fatal
associating ideas. vision and hearing. accidents.
 State of apathy,  Decreased reflexes and loss of fine  Criminal behavior.
relaxation and motor coordination.  Suicides.
drowsiness.  Traffic accidents.
 Reckless behavior.
13
 They have used it at least once in their life.
37.3% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 30 days

(5’452,031 people).
63.8% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 12 months
(9’327,812 people).
79.2% of Peruvians have used it once in their lives (11'574,253
people).
18.3 years is the average age of the first consumption (17.2 in men
and 19.1 in women).
 The last consumption of alcoholic beverages of respondents who used it at least

once in their lives was:
He or she did it for the last time less than 30 days ago. 46.9%
He or she did it more than a month ago but less than a year. 33.6%
He or she did it more than a year ago but less than 3 years. 5.2%
He or she did it more than 3 years ago. 14.2%
 The use of alcohol sometime in life.
It is greater in Lima [80.6%] than in provinces [76.2%].
Observation:
2.8% of the people surveyed affirm that they had the desire to consume alcoholic
beverages when they woke up in the morning, but there is a 9.8% that indicate that
when they start drinking, they can not stop.
4.3.1.2 TOBACCO
 Tobacco use is the main preventable cause of illness, disability and premature
death; being a serious world public health problem.
 Between a third and half of people who have smoked throughout their lives die
from causes linked to tobacco.
 The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in the 20th century, 100
million people died from the effects of tobacco and that some 8 million more will
have died by 2030.
 Smoking affects the nutrition and general physical condition of people, being
associated with many serious diseases.
14
 According to the opinion study of Drugs in the Peruvian urban population (2017),
90% of respondents consider that it is easy or very easy to get tobacco cigarettes.
 Active principle: Nicotine, tars and other 4,000 substances including carbon
monoxide.
 Characteristics: Substance that is smoked (orally) and in some cases can be
chewed.
 Production: It is produced from the solanaceous plant known as nicotiana
tabacum, which is dried and processed by hand or industrially.
 Presentation: It has 3 presentations: cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco.
Cigarettes usually come in presentations of 10 or 20 units in packets. The cigars are
wrapped in dry leaves of tobacco approximately 20 centimeters in size, with
greater purity.
EFFECTS OF
UNWANTED EFFECTS CONSEQUENCES
INTOXICATION
 Positive  Increase in heart rate,  Incalculable social and
reinforcement: blood pressure and public health costs.
stimulates the respiratory rate.  Exposure to smoke causes
ability to  Decreased lung capacity. serious harm to the health of
concentrate,  Frequent fatigue. smokers and non-smokers.
improves the  Pulmonary emphysema.  Children of smoking
sense of humor,  Deterioration of taste and mothers may have low birth
and reduces smell. weight, with increased
weight.  Persistent cough. perinatal complications.
 Relaxation.  Deterioration of teeth  Increased incidence of
 Sedation. linked to cancer of the bronchitis, pneumonia,
respiratory tract and respiratory infections,
mouth. asthma and otitis in smokers
and in those exposed to
environmental tobacco
smoke.
 Involuntary smokers have an
increased risk of
cardiovascular disease and
cancer.
 Worsening of the
consequences of coronary
problems, asthma and
chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease in
smokers and exposure to
environmental tobacco
smoke.
15
18.9% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 30 days (2’761,564
people).
27.0% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 12 months (3’943,078
people).
52.5% of Peruvians have used it once in their lives (7’672,383 people).
18.4 years is the average age of the first consumption (17.4 in men and 19.5 in
women).
 The last use of tobacco of the respondents who used it at least once in their lives.
 The last use of tobacco cigarettes sometime in life.
It is greater in men [67.7%] than in women [50.8%].
 Consumption in the last year.
Daily 2.7%
Once a week. 5.3%
Once a month 13.6%
7-11 times 4.1%
3-6 times 10.8%
1-2 times 15.8%
Observation:
47% have used it during the last 12 months.
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4.3.2 ILLEGAL DRUGS

4.3.2.1 MARIJUANA
 Marijuana contains more than 400 active chemical ingredients; of which almost 70
are responsible for the psychotropic effects.
 It is the illicit drug most consumed worldwide, there are many varieties that differ
in their productivity, ease of cultivation, alkaloid concentration, aroma and
magnitude of effects.
 It can be said that marijuana consumed today is much stronger in its concentration
and effects (between 27% and up to 35% THC) than that used in the 60s and 70s
(between 4% and 5% THC).
 Its use especially at early ages can affect cognitive processes as well as the
academic, work or social performance of young people, with decreased
performance and greater conflict, absenteeism and desertion.
 Smoking is the most common way to use marijuana.
 The results of the 2017 Opinion Study on Drugs in Peruvian Urban Areas indicate
that 79.7% of Peruvians oppose the legalization of marijuana.
 Active principle: Tetra-hydro-cannabinol delta -9 [THC].

 Characteristics: Substance that is usually smoked but can also be ingested (cakes,
cookies or infusions).
 Production: It is produced from the plant known as cannabis sativa, indica and
rudelaris. It is known as 'grass'.
 Presentation: Dry leaves, flowers and small stems that are used in the same way as
tobacco.
EFFECTS OF CONSEQUENC
UNWANTED EFFECTS
INTOXICATION ES
 Relaxation.  Increase in appetite  The high
 Disinhibition  Tachycardia. consumptio
 Slowdown.  Sweating n rate has
 Dry mouth.  Insomnia. favored the
 Eyes bright and red.  Incoordination in movements. low
 Sensory alterations.  Voracious appetite. perception
 Difficulty in oral  Deficit in cognitive functions (attention, of risk.
expression, immediate  concentration and memory).  At high
memory and  Motivational deficit doses can
concentration.  Pro-consumption attitude. generate
 Anxiety, paranoia or  Problems of academic and / or work traffic
panic. performance. accidents .
 At high doses it can  Risk of psychosis / schizophrenia in consumers  Alterations
produce visual illusions with mental health pathologies, as a condition in the family
and drowsiness. prior to the initiation of consumption. system.
17
0.7% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 30 days (106,527
people).
1.4% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 12 months (210,729
people).
8.1% of Peruvians have used it once in their lives (1'189,032 people).
women).
26.1% of Peruvians received at least one offer to consume it (3 out of 10 people
accepted it).
 The last use of marijuana of the respondents who used it at least once in their
lives.
 The use of marijuana sometime in life.

It is greater in the group from 19 to 24 years old [10.6%] and 25 to 29 years
old [10.4%].
It increases with the educational level:
- Initial / primary [3.2%]
- Secondary [7.5%].
- Higher [9.2%].

It increases with the socioeconomic level:
- Low [6.5%].
- Medium [8.3%].
- High [9.4%].
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4.3.2.2 COCAINE PASTE

 According to the 2015 Coca Crop Monitoring Study of UNDCP, Peru had 40,300
hectares of coca crops at the end of that year, 6.1% lower than in 2014, where
42,900 hectares were estimated.
 The PBC is sold in Peru at very low cost and in many places, being distributed in
small packages called "ketes", with different types and degrees of adulteration.
 Cocaine is a powerful stimulant of the central nervous system (CNS) with great
addictive power.
 The cocaine paste is sold in Peru at very low cost and in many places, being
distributed in small packages called "ketes", with different types and degrees of
adulteration.
 Active principle: Cocaine.

 Characteristics: Its consume is smoken.
 Production: It is produced from the leaves of coca and chemical substances used in
the extraction of alkaloids. It is known as 'pasta' or 'PBC' in Peru.
 Presentation: Pasty substance from whitish to dark brown. It is usually sold in small
units of approximately 300 grams called 'Kete' wrapped in paper.
EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION UNWANTED EFFECTS CONSEQUENCES
At moderate doses:  Loss of self-control capacity against  Absenteeism

the drug. or low
 Pupillary dilatation
 Paranoia. academic or
 Disinhibition
 Insomnia, lack of appetite. work
 Euphoria
 Feeding problems and weight loss. performance.
 Sweating
 Cardiovascular dysfunction  Internalization
 Infatigability
 Tremors and involuntary of anti social
 Greater energy or
movements.
 Excitement. psychopathic
 Infections
At high doses: behaviors.
 Problems with
 Security
the family,
 Intense anxiety with society,
 Illusions and with the
hallucinations. police and
 Absence of sleep, hunger justice.
and fatigue.
 Great euphoria.
 Excitement.
 Increase in temperature
 Acceleration of heart rate
and blood pressure.
19
people).
people).
2.0% of Peruvians have used it once in their lives (291,352 people).
women).
accepted it).
 The last use of cocaine paste of the respondents who used it at least once in their
lives:
 The use of cocaine paste sometime in life.
Is slightly higher when the age is greater; from 0.2% [12 to 18 years old]
up to 3.0% [40 to 49 years old].
It is similar in people with secondary education [2.2%], than those with

initial/primary education [1.9%] and higher education [1.8%].
It is similar in Lima [2.0%] and in the provinces [2.1%].
In provinces, it is greater in the rest of the coast [2.9%] that in the jungle
[2.1%] and in the mountains [1.3%].
Varies with socioeconomic level:
- Low [2.3%]
- Medium [2.2%]
- High [1.8%]
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4.3.2.3 COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

 The Opinion Study on Drugs in the Peruvian Urban Population (2017) states that
96.9% of Peruvians are against the legalization of cocaine.
 Cocaine hydrochloride is a more refined form than PBC, which is introduced into
the body in an inhaled form (aspiration of dust).
 In general, it is more expensive than the PBC, but nowadays prices have decreased,
making it available to more people, which has led to higher consumption.
 Active principle: Cocaine.

 Characteristics: Its consumption can be aspirated through the nose (inhaled),
applied to the mucous membranes (gums, vaginal, rectal) or injected or ingested.
 Production: It is produced from the leaves of coca (erythroxylum coca) and
chemical substances used in the extraction of alkaloids. It is known as “coca”,
“White”, etc.
 Presentation: White, crystalline and odorless powder, with a bitter taste, is usually
presented in bags or paper wrappers.
At moderate doses:  Loss of self-control capacity  Absenteeism

against the drug. or low
 Pupillary dilatation
 Loss of smell academic or
 Disinhibition
 Damage and perforation of work
 Euphoria
the nasal septum. performance.
 Sweating
 Paranoia.  Internalization
 Infatigability
 Insomnia, lack of appetite. of anti social
 Greater energy
 Feeding problems and weight or
 Excitement. psychopathic
loss.
At high doses:  Cardiovascular dysfunction behaviors.
 Security  Tremors and involuntary  Problems with
movements. the family,
 Intense anxiety with society,
 Illusions and hallucinations.  Infections
with the
 Absence of sleep, hunger and police and
fatigue. justice.
 Great euphoria.
 Excitement.
 Increase in temperature
 Acceleration of heart rate and
blood pressure.
21
 They have used it at least once in their life
people).
people).
1.6% of Peruvians have used it once in their lives (240,396 people).
19.0 years is the average age of the first consumption (19.6 in men and
19.8 in women).
7.6% of Peruvians received at least one offer to consume it (2 out of 10
people accepted it).
 The last use of Hydrochloride of the respondents who used it at least once in
their lives:
 The use of Hydrochloride sometime in life.

It is greater in the group of 40 to 49 years [3.0%].
It is greater in the higher education level [2.0%].
Varies with socioeconomic level:
- Low [1.3%]
- Medium [1.8%]
- High [1.6%]
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4.3.2.4 ECSTASY
 Ecstasy is a clandestine substance that works by combining the action of other
substances (legal and legal) with known effects.
 It acts as a stimulant of the CNS, generating hallucinatory and invigorating effects
but with many possible side effects.
 In Peru, its consumption is mainly positioned among adolescents and young
people, with a greater presence in the summer season.
 Its effects last between 3 and 6 hours, depending on the dose, the degree of
adulteration and the user's expectations.
 Its use combined with alcoholic beverages can generate death due to strokes and
respiratory arrest.
 Active principle: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

 Characteristics: In the consumption scenarios they are known as: "pepas",
"tachas", etc.
 Production: It is produced from the leaves of coca (erythroxylum coca) and
chemical substances used in the extraction of alkaloids. It is known as 'coca',
'white', etc.
 Presentation: MDMA or Ecstasy is a synthetic base derived from phenylethylamine
and structurally related to amphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline.
 Euphoria.  Abnormal sweating  Damage to cognitive

 Wellness.  Irritability. processes: memory
 Disinhibition  Generalized anxiety. and attention.
 Empathy.  Insomnia.  Acute paranoid
 Sensation of pleasure.  Tachycardia. psychosis
 Acceleration of thought.  Loss of self-control capacity against  Toxic psychosis
 Increase in heart rate and the drug.  Flash back.
body temperature.  Mental confusion.  Death may occur
 Pupillary dilation  Tremors and involuntary due to cerebral
 Mandibular contraction movements. hemorrhage,
 Dry mouth.  Kidney failure. hyperthermia,
 Blurry vision.  Risk of heart failure. rhabdomyolysis
 Involuntary movements of  Risk of vascular brain accident. (destruction of
the tongue.  Risk of motor function damage. striated muscle
 Decrease in mental  Dehydration fibers).
abilities.  Muscle cramps.  Acute kidney and
 Thirst. liver failure and
pulmonary edema.
 Dependence.
23
 They have used it at least once in their life
0.4% have used it at least once in their lives

Of those who claim to have consumed ecstasy, three quarters [76.6%]
indicated having had feelings compatible with the actual use of the substance
accepted it).

It is greater in the group of 19 to 24 years [0.8%] and 30 to 39 years [0.8%]
It is greater in the higher education level [0.5%].
It is higher in the high stratum [0.5%].
4.3.2.5 OPIUM
 Opium is a complex mixture of substances that is extracted from the capsules of
the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which contains the narcotic and analgesic
drug called morphine and other alkaloids.
 The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), like a common poppy, is a plant that can
grow to one and a half meters. Its white, violet or fuchsia flowers stand out.
 Active principle: Morphine, codeine and thebaine.

 Characteristics: It is a narcotic analgesic drug that contains up to 24 alkaloids. The
main one is Morphine. Opium is extracted by making superficial incisions in the
fruits (heads) of the "opium poppy". The cuts exude a milky (white) liquid (latex),
when dried it drifts into a brown sticky resin. By scraping this resin, raw opium is
obtained. By allowing it to dry longer it results in a darker stony hard solid while
losing water and alkaloids are concentrated. The route of administration is oral and
smoked.
 Production: Opium is a natural product that is obtained from a type of poppy
(Papaver Somniferum) that grows in many countries, a plant that can reach from 1
to 1.5 meters in height. In Peru, the poppy grows in all regions, except in the puna.
Poppy plantations have been detected in the high and low Amazon forests in the
Departments of Cajamarca, Amazonas and San Martín.
 Presentation: In solid form as white or brown powder.
24
 Stimulation  Loss of self-control  Severe dependence.

 Loquacity. capacity against the  Pulmonary complications
 Fatigue. drug. (pneumonia,
 Drowsiness.  Hallucinations tuberculosis).
 Tingle.  Nausea.  Weightloss.
 Insensitivity to pain.  Mental confusion.  Sleep disorder.
 Increase tactile sensitivity.  Itch.  Arthritis.
 Sweating  Vomiting.  Premature
 Respiratory depression  Speech sputtering. abandonment of the
 Decreased heart rate and main obligations.
blood pressure.  Internalization and
 Pupillary contraction. development of anti
social or psychopathic
behaviors.
 Problems with the
family, with society, with
the police and justice.
It is greater in the initial/primary education level [1.56%].

It increases with the socioeconomic level:
- Low [0.66%].
- Medium [0.79%].
- High [0.81%].
4.3.2.6 HEROIN
25
 Active principle: Diacetylmorphine (3,6-diacetyl).

 Characteristics: Its administration can be injected, aspirated, smoked or ingested.
 It alters the limbic system (increases the sensation of pleasure), blocks pain
messages from the spinal cord, alters the neurochemical activity in the brainstem
that controls the autonomic functions of the body.
 Production: It is a derivative of morphine, semi-synthetic substance, originated
from the opium poppy, from which opium is extracted.
 Presentation: White or brown powder. Many times your presentation can be sticky
black.
 Euphoria.  Loss of self-control  Severe and chronic

 Sedation. capacity against the dependence.
 Insensitivity to pain. drug.  Pulmonary complications
 Heaviness sensation  Loss of smell (pneumonia, tuberculosis).
 Dry mouth.  Insomnia,  Weightloss.
 Yawn.  lack of appetite.  Psychotic disorder: with
 Sweating.  Feeding problems and delusions; with hallucinations.
 Tearing. weight loss.  Sleep disorder.
 Respiratory depression.  Mental confusion.  Infectious diseases: HIV,
 Decreased heart rate and  Itch. hepatitis B and C, etc.
blood pressure.  Vomiting.  Collapsed veins
 Psychomotor slowing  Diarrhea.  Meningitis.
 Insomnia.  Speech sputtering  Mycotic aneurysm
 Spontaneous orgasm.  Fever.  Bacterial infections
 Piloerection.  Muscle pains.  Infection of the endocardium
 Pupillary contraction. and heart valves.
 Arthritis.
 Premature abandonment of
the main obligations.
 Internalization and
development of anti social or
psychopathic behaviors.
 Problems with the family,
with society, with the police
and justice.
26
It is greater in the secundary education level [0.35%].

It is reduced according to the socioeconomic level:
- Low [0.54%].
- Medium [0.08%].
- High [0.00%].
4.4 Others studies

 According to the III Andean Epidemiological Study on Drug Use in the University Population
of Peru 2016, conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),
marijuana use among university students increased from 3.2% (2009) to 5.2%
(2016).
This is a survey of 4,060 students from ten public and private universities in the
country. The same showed that this hallucinogen is still the illegal drug most
consumed by Peruvian students.
Juan Araneda Ferrer, coordinator of the Support Project for the Demand Reduction
of Illicit Drugs in the Andean Community (Predem), the entity that carried out the
field study, said that young people under the age of 22 think that the consumption
of this drug drug does not cause major problems.
"Today, young people, who consume the most and who are most offered
marijuana, think that cannabis is more harmless than cocaine, alcohol and tobacco.
There is a series of messages on social networks that encourage them to consume,
"Araneda warned.
He noted that, therefore, 55% of university students do not perceive the
experimental use of this substance as a risk and that close to 20% do not perceive
their frequent use as a risk. "To this we must add that 31% of students say it is easy
to get it," he said.
This study also concluded that cocaine is no longer the second most used illegal
drug by university students in our country. Now so are the so-called inhalants such
as benzine, paraffin, acetone and industrial glues.
In this regard, Carmen Masías, executive president of the Board of Directors of the
National Commission for Development and Life without Drugs (Devida), indicated
that these substances - causing serious damage to the brain and lungs - are
consumed by 0.41% of the students.
27
"We have been struck by the fact that it is university women who consume these
substances the most. They use acetone and nail polish.
Ten years ago we saw that inhalants were linked to the so-called 'pirañitas', but
today this has changed, "he said. In this regard, Milton Rojas, specialist of CEDRO,
indicated that at the world level a process of "feminization" is taking place in the
consumption of drugs. "Now it is not so marginal to see women consumers," he
said.
He added that it is "extremely worrying" to see young university students use
inhalants to get high. "It is not being given due importance. You have to rethink
things, "he added.
 More and more Peruvians are starting to use drugs at a younger age (on average at
age 13), reported the National Commission for Development and Life Without
Drugs (Devida). In addition, it is estimated that 200 thousand schoolchildren have
problems with alcohol and 47 thousand consume marijuana.
"Basic cocaine paste registers a high risk tendency, because it is one of the most
addictive drugs, easily accessible, and that in a few days it generates dependence,
more in minors, since its brain is in development. There are studies that indicate
that 20 thousand students consume cocaine and PBC, "said Eduardo Cruz, a
psychologist at this institution.
4.5 Images of some drugs
ALCOHOL TOBACCO
28
MARIJUANA COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE
COCAINE PASTE ECSTASY
HEROIN OPIUM
29
4.6 DRUG PREVENTION

Drug prevention programs are designed to provide the education and support
necessary to diminish drug dependency in communities, schools and the workplace.
Drug abuse prevention has become an important first step in informing specific
individuals about the dangers of addiction, prevention techniques and where to find
recovery help if it should be deemed necessary.
The consumption of drugs, in addition to being able to generate an addiction, can lead
to health problems, family, social, educational, etc; both in people with dependence
on drugs and those who consume without having an addiction.
Although we are far from knowing exactly why some people take drugs and others do
not, we currently have information on some of the factors that make it easier for a
person to develop problems related to drug use.
That is, there is no concrete cause to explain it. But several circumstances may occur
that favor or avoid this process:
4.6.1 Risk factors
The elements that increase the likelihood of a person abusing drugs are known as risk
factors.
Social factors: like the fact of living in a very disadvantaged environment
Family factors: such as lack of ties with the family or that parents have favorable
attitudes toward drug use
School factors: for example, experiencing school failure
Individual or interpersonal factors: how to present behavior problems early and
persistently.
4.6.2 Protection factors
Also, some protection factors are known that act in inverse way to the previous ones,
reducing the probability that a person takes drugs or presents problems for this cause.
Some protection factors are:
 The ability to think critically,
 The fact of having a good adaptation in school,
 Have skills to communicate and relate to others, or have developed positive
emotional bonds between parents and children.
Preventing the use of drugs (and drug dependencies) involves reducing risk factors and
enhancing protective factors. This does not guarantee at all that a person never comes
to take drugs, but it will make it less likely.
4.7 Programs for Drug Prevention
Drug abuse prevention begins with education, spreading the word regarding the dangers of
drugs to oneself and to the community. These programs are just the beginning. The
information provided is most effective when it is followed up with continued support. Drug
30
prevention programs seek to involve the family, community or workplace in the prevention
process. To be effective, communities need to sustain the progress. This often requires
continued leadership and financial support.
As previously mentioned, drug prevention begins with education. This education can take
place at a number of levels including:
4.7.1 Family Based Drug Prevention
The prevention of drug abuse should start inside the family unit as early as possible. There are
many obvious benefits of home based drug prevention education including self-awareness,
and the enhancement of parent-child communication skills and family bonding. Parental
supervision and involvement are critical in adolescents. Parents must not only have a plan to
educate their children on the dangers of drug use and abuse, but they must also establish and
enforce family rules. This includes creating an effective system of monitoring their children's
activities.
4.7.2 School Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs
Drug abuse prevention should be addressed as early as preschool. Preschool children can
benefit from learning how to handle aggression, solve problems, and communicate better so
that they can avoid putting themselves at risk for drug abuse later in life. Middle and high
school programs should focus on peer relationships, communication, assertiveness, drug
resistance skills and developing anti-drug attitudes. School based prevention programs should
be repeated often for the best level of success.
4.7.3 Community Based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs
Communities that make an effort to come together in the fight against drugs are sure to make
an impact in the prevention of drug abuse. There are many places to establish these
prevention programs including schools, churches and community based clubs.
4.8 Important Facts
Drug abuse has a pervasive effect on an entire community. Understanding drug use
risk factors and spreading the word through prevention programs is the best defense
against drug abuse.
 Parental monitoring has been the most effective way to slow the expansion of
drugs in family situations.
 School drug prevention programs serve a valuable purpose in first time users aged
12-17.
 Schools with strict compliance rules and counseling support have been successful
at reducing usage.
 Programs should make sure to address all aspects of drug abuse. This includes
underage use of legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco, illicit street drugs,
inhalants and the inappropriate use of legal drugs such as prescription and over the
counter drugs.
 These programs must also be tailored to the specific needs of the audience. Having
specialized programs for different genders, ages, cultures and ethnicities only make
the programs more effective.
31
Drug abuse is a growing problem and prevention should be a priority in all of our
homes and communities.
Observation:
In Peru there is a Bill No. 1996-2017, which declares the learning and teaching of the
prevention of the use of drugs as a national interest and as a national public policy.
The objective of this initiative is for the Ministry of Education to structure a policy
aimed at the non-consumption of narcotics. "This would be at every level. That is to
say, it would begin at the initial level and continue up to higher education. It would not
be a course, necessarily. The design of this strategy would be in charge of the
Education sector ", highlighted Del Castillo.
He added that "there is nothing in the Peruvian education legislation aimed at not
using drugs, nor in the school curriculum." Moreover, he warned that, in 2013, the
Ministry of Education eliminated the Tutoring Directorate, which was "slightly"
responsible for this task.
"It is important to work on prevention because it is cheaper, because you can prevent
children from entering that world or because you can quickly remove a young person
who has just arrived," he said.
On this subject, Juan Carlos Araneda, coordinator of the Support Project to Reduce the
Demand for Illicit Drugs in the Andean Community (Predem), recalled that the United
Nations (UN) recommended the adoption of "primary, effective prevention measures".
and practices "to protect people, especially children and young people, from the
initiation of the use of these substances.
He emphasized that this can only be achieved by "providing them with accurate
information on the risks of drug abuse, promoting competencies and opportunities
that allow them to choose healthy lifestyles."
He expressed that the bill of parliamentarian Jorge del Castillo "is framed in these
recommendations." He reiterated the importance of prevention starting from the most
basic level, continuing in secondary school and continuing in higher education,
"because young people need to have a permanent reinforcement, year by year, of
what happens with prevention."
For his part, Belisario Zanabria, dean of the College of Psychologists of Peru, said that
drug users are those who have an inadequate personality structure, so, he said, they
are the parents called to contribute to their development.
He also stressed that the Peruvian educational system tends to fill students with
knowledge, but forgets an important part that is affective, emotional and sentimental
development, which allows to give the necessary strength not to resort to drugs.
He indicated that including drug prevention issues in schools is very important, but
parents should also be taken into account, so that parents know what to do or how to
raise their children and understand their development process well. He pointed out
32
that in other countries there are laws that force couples who are going to get married
to go to schools for parents.
The Bill No. 1996 has been approved by the Education Commission of the Congress
and included in an opinion that includes other initiatives related to educational issues.
4.9 Images of people who left drugs
4 years without heroin 8 months without heroin
10 years without drugs 2 years without heroin
6 years without cocaine and heroin 8 months without drugs
33
CHAPTER THREE
5 “READING LITERARY
BOOKS”
34
5.1 Authors
5.1.1 DAVID COUPER
He is the author of seven books and is an award-winning career trainer and coach, he
lives in Los Angeles. He has helped outsiders become happy and successful insiders at
Fortune 100 companies, fast-food joints and faith-based organizations. He has a B.A. in
Communication, completed a postgraduate diploma in education and graduated with a
Masters in Spiritual Psychology.
MAIN LITERARY OR WRITTEN PRODUCTIONS
 50 Activities for Developing People Skills .
 Twenty-Five Roleplays of Developing Counselling Skills.
 38 Activities for Handling Difficult Situations .
 George Sees Stars.
5.1.2 JOHN STEINBECK
John Steinbeck (1902-1968), winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, achieved popular
success in 1935 when he published Tortilla Flat. He went on to write more than
twenty-five novels, including The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men.
 Of Mice and Men.
 The Grapes of Wrath.
 The Pearl.
 East of Eden.
5.1.3 NORMAN WHITNEY
 Open House.
 Sara Says No.
 Dream Team.
 The Sky’s the Limit.
35
5.2 SUMMARY OF THE BOOKS

5.2.1 FISH AND CHIPS
Jim Giles lived in the nort of England, but he had to go
to London to find work. After working as a cook, he
returned to his town, bought a bicycle with money
that Tom lent him and started selling fish and chips.
Jim did not do well because another man sold the
same thing cheaper. He sold everything he had
bought, except the potatoes, because he was going to
make potato wine. While waiting for the potato wine
to be ready, he did business like bike-taxi and Punch
and Judy show, but also Jim did not do well. Once the wine was ready, he sold some
bottles, but a policeman prohibited them from selling wine. In the end, Tom gave him
a job as manager, because Jim had many ideas.
5.2.2 THE RED PONY
CHAPTER 1
This chapter is about the gift that Jody received from his
father Carl Tiflin, the gift was a red Pony. Jody called his
pony Gavilan. Jody began to be more responsible and
became attached with Gavilan, but can’t ride it because
Gavilan wasn´t trained.
One day Jody left Gavilan out the barn beacause Billy
told him it would not rain, but the opposite happened.
Gavilan got sick and then Gavilan died in the forest Jody
killed a vulture with a Stone, that’s why Billy and Carl got
mad at him.
CHAPTER 2
A gitano went to Jody’s house saying he had returned. Carl said they don’t need
farmer, but could give himaccommodation for one night. Jody saw gitano sharpening a
sword and the next morning gitano left and stole Easter. Easter was an old horse, it
was 30 years old.
CHAPTER 3
Carl saw that Jody did a good job with Gavilan, thats why Carl told him that he would
give him a colt. Jody took his mare called Nellie with Jess Taylors’s stallion. Billy
promised Jody a colt, but Jody didn’t believee him after what happened with Gavilan
finally Jody got his colt, but unfortunately Billy had to kill Nellie for it.
36
5.2.3 THE STRANGER

On, Saturdey, 31st October, 1964, a man arrived in
Woodend looking for a place to stay. He was tall and
had dark hair, and he had strange green eyes, he looked
rich.
A few weeks later, he came back looking for a house to
buy. He bought the house of Mr. Smith. On the morning
of Monday. 21st December, the villagers saw a big sign in
the front of the house: THE CORNER SHOP Proprietor.
Dave Slatin.
At first some did not agree, but Dave promised them
that he would sell cheap products, and sell the villagers'
products and that they would make a lot of money, so
the villagers agreed.
The Corner Shop opened on Monday, 4th January, 1965. Soon the shop was busy and
Dave needed an assistant. The new assistant was Anna. The Corner Shop was a
success.
Dave lived alone, in a flat above the shop. No one ever saw inside it. At the bottom of
the stairs there were two doors. A door had a notice on it: SPECIAL ORDERS ONLY:
KEEP OUT. The door was always locked. Dave did not want to talk about that room.
Peter and Anna became engaged. Anna loved Peter, but she liked Dave too.
For three months, everything was normal. Then Special Customers started arriving to
see Dave, the first was Greta Gordon, the second was Mike Bailey and the last one was
Mr Riseman. Good things happened to them after seeing Dave. Greta had the star
part. The star of Beautiful Woman was Joanna Leigh, but she has broken her arm. Mike
scored the winner. It was his third goal of the match but the other team’s goalkeeper
was injured, he had broken his neck. Mr Riseman became president of IEC, because
the previous president died in a plane crash. The three visitors had left something with
Dave. Greta had left her diamond rings, Mike had left his case and Mr Riseman had left
his briefcase.
One day Dave left the door open to the Special Order room, and Anna discovered a lot
of money from different countries; too some dolls with broken arms and legs, some
pictures of footballers but the pictures were all torn and a small model aeroplane, it
was broken too. Dave told Ana that he wanted her, and that he would give her
everything because he had strange powers, but Ana was scared and ran all the way
home.
When Anna got home, she felt terrible and went to the bed.
On, Sunday, 31st October, The Corner Shop caught fire, the flames reached Dave Slatin,
that was the last time they saw him. In the Anna’s house a scream was hears and Anna
died.
37
5.3 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BOOKS

5.3.1 FISH AND CHIPS
This book wants to tell us that a person should never give up with the problems and
that if you are persistent, you will achieve your goals.
5.3.2 THE RED PONY
This book wants to tell us that we must care for animals very well, because they need a
lot of dedication and that We can get everything we want with dedication.
5.3.3 THE STRANGER
This book wants to tell us that unfortunately, there are people who hurt others to
achieve their goals.
38
CHAPTER IV
SONG
6 “CAN’T FEEL MY
FACE”
39
6.1 CAN’T FEEL MY FACE

SINGER: The Weeknd.
ALBUM: Beuty and the Madness.
RELEASE DATE: June 8, 2015.
NOMINATIONS: It was nominated for two Grammy Awards.
GENDER: Pop.
MEANING
Lyrically, the song is about the emotions he feels when surrounded by his love, which
are similar to drug use.
The song talks about the use of cocaine, and how the consumer, knowing that he will
end up dead because of his addiction, is not able to leave it, because drugs have him
too hooked and he is not able to make his own decisions.
He received positive reviews from the specialists, who noticed similarities between the
song and the work of Michael Jackson
40
LYRICS
And I know she'll be the death of me, at And I know she'll be the death of me, at
least we'll both be numb least we'll both be numb
And she'll always get the best of me, And she'll always get the best of me,
the worst is yet to come the worst is yet to come
But at least we'll both be beautiful and All the misery was necessary when
stay forever young we're deep in love
This I know, yes I know
This I know, (yeah) this I know She told me, "Don't worry about it"
She told me, "Don't worry no more"
She told me, "Don't worry about it" We both knew we can't go without it
She told me, "Don't worry no more" She told me you'll never be in love oh
oh oooh
We both knew we can't go without it
I can't feel my face when I'm with you,
She told me you'll never be in love oh
but I love it, but I love it
oh oooh
I can't feel my face when I'm with you
girl, i can't feel my face
41
7 CONCLUSIONS
7.1 CHAPTER 1
 We use the English comparatives to talk about similarities and differences of
objects, people or any element between which we want to establish a comparison
relationship. The superlative, on the other hand, is used to indicate a maximum
degree of a certain quality.
7.2 CHAPTER 2
 In 2010 5.6% of Peruvians had tried marijuana and in 2017 the percentage rose to
8.1%.
 Marijuana is a drug that starts the consumption of other more potent drugs and
now with the use of biotechnological marijuana, which is more toxic, the likelihood
of more addiction among young people is higher.
 Currently in the country is consumes a type of marijuana three times more
powerful than the one consumed between the 60s and 70s, because the
concentration of the substance THC of the old drug was between 4% and 5%, and
today It reaches 35%.
 In Peru, the most commonly used illegal drug is marijuana, followed by PBC and
cocaine hydrochloride, and in a lower prevalence other drugs such as ecstasy.
 Marijuana is more consumed by men (15.5%) than by women (2.6%) and a higher
prevalence is observed between 19 and 29 years (30%).
 Its use is higher in the mountains (10.4%), compared to Lima (8.2%), and increases
among people who have more education and a better socioeconomic stratum,
since it reaches 9.2% in the upper level and 9.4% in the high stratum.
 26 out of 100 people report having received at least one offer to consume it and 3
out of 10 people agreed to try it and again consumed it.
 One million 189 thousand 32 Peruvians have tried marijuana once in their life and
there would be 107 000 13 people addicted to the substance.
 In Peru there would be about 200 000 addicts to illegal drugs.
 the increase in the consumption of marijuana would be due to the existence of a
market that grows due to the more permissive attitude of the use of the drug for
therapeutic purposes and its legalization for recreational purposes in other parts of
the world.
 In Peru, 79.7% of the population opposes the legalization of marijuana.
 Marijuana has a psychoactive component that affects the brain functioning and the
behavior of people.
 In the last study of CEDRO, 0.77% of people said that they had used opium at some
time in their lives and 0.17% tested heroin.
 79% of the surveyed population assures that they consumed alcohol at some point
in their life.
 Tobacco consumption has registered an important downward trend, reaching
52.5%.
42
 Cusco is the second city after Lima where more illegal drugs are consumed.
Arequipa and Trujillo follow him.
7.3 CHAPTER 3
 The first book teaches us that to achieve our goals we must be persistent.
 The second book teaches us that if we do what we like, we can be more
responsible.
 The third book tells us about some people who are capable of everything to
achieve their goals, even harm other people.
7.4 CHAPTER 4
 The song talks about the effects of drugs on the singer, unfortunately although he
knows that this will lead to something bad, his addiction is stronger.
8 RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 CHAPTER 1
 It is important to know how to separate words into syllables.
8.2 CHAPTER 2
 Be a good example. If he gets drunk or becomes violent when drinking liquor, his
son will imitate him.
 Good use of free time should be made.
8.3 CHAPTER 3
 It is recommended to read the three books, because the message of each of them
teaches us important things to be better people.
8.4 CHAPTER 4
 You have to understand the lyrics well, since you can get confused by believing that
the singer talks about a love and not the effects of drugs.
43
9 REFERENCES
Curso-Ingles. (s.f.). Comparatives and Superlatives. Obtained from Curso-Ingles.com:
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-intermedio/comparative-
superlative/comparatives-and-superlatives
EF Education First. (s.f.). El comparativo y el superlativo. Obtained from EF :
https://www.ef.com.pe/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/comparativo-
superlativo/
GCF aprende libre. (s.f.). Superlativos en inglés. Obtained from GCF aprende libre:
https://www.gcfaprendelibre.org/ingles/curso/ingles_intermedio/adjetivos_superlativ
os/2.do
Gould, J. (2017). 15 Increíbles fotos antes y después mostrando la transformación de quienes
consiguieron dejar las drogas. Obtained from Pandacurioso:
http://www.boredpanda.es/fotos-antes-despues-dejar-drogas-recuperacion/
Medina, I. (27 de junio de 2017). ¡Aumenta consumo de drogas en menores en el Perú! .
Obtained from Trome: https://trome.pe/actualidad/aumenta-consumo-drogas-
menores-peru-54314
Q cosas! (s.f.). Antes y después del abuso de alcohol y drogas. Obtained from Q cosas!:
https://www.qcosas.com/antes-despues-alcohol-drogas/
Sausa, M. (19 de agosto de 2017). Consumo de marihuana crece y el 80% se opone a la
legalización. Obtained from 21: https://peru21.pe/lima/consumo-marihuana-crece-80-
opone-legalizacion-372165
Vargas, A. Z. (2017). Epidemiología de drogas en población urbana peruana. Obtained from
CEDRO: http://www.cedro.org.pe/
44
10 APPENDICES
10.1 CHAPTER 1
45
10.2 CHAPTER 2
Results obtained in the present study.
ESTIMATED
PREVALENCE POPULATION ESTIMATED ADDICT
SUBSTANCE PERCENTAGE
OF LIFE EXPANSION POPULATION
OF ADDICTS
Alcohol 79.2 11,574,253 15% 1,736,138
Tobacco 52.5 7,672,383 32% 2,455,163
Marijuana 8.1 1,189,032 9% 107013
Cocaine
3.0 432,437 17% 73514
drugs
10.3 CHAPTER 3
10.3.1 Fish and chips
 Vocabulary
46
10.3.2 The red pony

 Characters
Jody Tiflin - Jody is the protagonist of the novel.
Billy Buck - Billy Buck is the single hired hand on Carl Tiflin's farm.
Carl Tiflin - Carl Tiflin and Mrs. Tiflin are Jody's parents.
Mrs. Tiflin - Mrs. Tiflin usually stays in the house, cooking meals and keeping house for
the men of the ranch.
Gitano - Gitano is an old paisano man; in other words, a man of Hispanic descent.
Gabilan - A horse, the red pony is a young colt.
Easter - Carl Tiflin's old horse.
Nellie - Nellie is a mare, or female horse.
10.3.3 The Stranger
 Characters
47
10.4 CHAPTER 4
Find the words.
 Love.
 But.
 Least.
 Told.
 Know.
 Girl.
H A M G X C E Z L O
E E L P F R O M P G
V F O R W A R D I N
O K M I Q V E D L B
L R A W C H H A E U
D U O I R A T E A T
V N E H U N O O S S
K F D I E D L Z T A
E D A M Z G I R L D
48
49

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CALLAO STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

PROFESSIONAL COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FOREIGN LANGUAGE II – ENGLISH II

 GRAMMAR TOPIC: “Comparatives and

 TRANSVERSAL TOPIC: “The comsumption of

 READING LITERARY BOOKS: “Fish and Chips,

 SONG: Can’t feel my face

 PROFESSOR: Camones Rosaura

 STUDENT: Pozo Saba Jorge Luis

 ACADEMIC SEMESTER: 2018 A

5.1.2 JOHN STEINBECK .................................................................................................................. 35

3 COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

 Diana’s room is less clean than Carla’s.

3.2 FORMATION OF REGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Tall Taller Tallest

Fast Faster Fastest

Nice Nicer Nicest

3.2.2 For two-syllables adjectives:

ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Happy Happier Happiest

Busy Busier Busiest

Simple Simpler Simplest

3.2.3 For adjectives of three or more syllables:

ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

More beautiful most beautiful

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Good Better Best

Bad Worse Worst

Far Further Furthest

We can also classify them as legal and illegal:

4.3.1 LEGAL DRUGS

 Active principle: Ethyl alcohol.

 They have used it at least once in their life.

37.3% of Peruvians have used it at least once in the last 30 days

 The last consumption of alcoholic beverages of respondents who used it at least

He or she did it more than 3 years ago. 14.2%

 The use of alcohol sometime in life.

It is greater in Lima [80.6%] than in provinces [76.2%].

 They have used it at least once in their life.

He or she did it more than 3 years ago. 41.4%

 The last use of tobacco cigarettes sometime in life.

It is greater in men [67.7%] than in women [50.8%].

 Consumption in the last year.

Once a week. 5.3%

Once a month 13.6%

7-11 times 4.1%

3-6 times 10.8%

1-2 times 15.8%

4.3.2 ILLEGAL DRUGS

 Active principle: Tetra-hydro-cannabinol delta -9 [THC].

 They have used it at least once in their life.

He or she did it more than 3 years ago. 73.4%

 The use of marijuana sometime in life.

It is greater in men [15.5%] than in women [2.6%].

It is greater in Lima [8.2%] than in provinces [7.9%].

4.3.2.2 COCAINE PASTE

 Active principle: Cocaine.