Material Handling - Principles, Operations and Equipment

Material Handling - Principles,
Operations and Equipment

Introduction
Raw materials form a critical part of manufacturing as well as service organization. In any
organization, a considerable amount of material handling is done in one form or the other.
This movement is either done manually or through an automated process. Throughout
material, handling processes significant safety and health; challenges are presented to
workers as well as management. Therefore, manual material handing is of prime concern for
health and safety professional, and they must determine practical ways of reducing health
risk to the workers.
Material Handling
Manual material handling ranges from movement of raw material, work in progress, finished
goods, rejected, scraps, packing material, etc. These materials are of different shape and
sizes as well as weight. Material handling is a systematic and scientific method of moving,
packing and storing of material in appropriate and suitable location. The main objectives of
material handling are as follows:
 It should be able determine appropriate distance to be covered.

 Facilitate the reduction in material damage as to improve quality.
 Reducing overall manufacturing time by designing efficient material movement
 Improve material flow control
 Creation and encouragement of safe and hazard-free work condition
 Improve productivity and efficiency
 Better utilization of time and equipment
It is critical for manufacturing organization to identify importance of material handling

principle as the critical step in promoting the job improvement process. Manual material
handling significantly increases health hazard for the workers in from lower back injuries.
In the current competitive and globalized environment, it is important to control cost and
reduce time in material handling. An efficient material handling process promotes:
 Design of proper facility layout

 Promotes development of method which improves and simplifies the work process
 It improves overall production activity.
 Efficient material handling reduces total cost of production.
Principles of Material Handling

Material handling principles are as follows:
 Orientation Principle: It encourages study of all available system relationships

before moving towards preliminary planning. The study includes looking at existing
methods, problems, etc.
 Planning Principle: It establishes a plan which includes basic requirements,
desirable alternates and planning for contingency.
 Systems Principle: It integrates handling and storage activities, which is cost
effective into integrated system design.
 Unit Load Principle: Handle product in a unit load as large as possible
 Space Utilization Principle: Encourage effective utilization of all the space available
 Standardization Principle: It encourages standardization of handling methods and
equipment.
 Ergonomic Principle: It recognizes human capabilities and limitation by design
effective handling equipment.
 Energy Principle: It considers consumption of energy during material handling.
 Ecology Principle: It encourages minimum impact upon the environment during
material handling.
 Mechanization Principle: It encourages mechanization of handling process
wherever possible as to encourage efficiency.
 Flexibility Principle: Encourages of methods and equipment which are possible to
utilize in all types of condition.
 Simplification Principle: Encourage simplification of methods and process by
removing unnecessary movements
 Gravity Principle: Encourages usage of gravity principle in movement of goods.
 Safety Principle: Encourages provision for safe handling equipment according to
safety rules and regulation
 Computerization Principle: Encourages of computerization of material handling and
storage systems
 System Flow Principle: Encourages integration of data flow with physical material
flow
 Layout Principle: Encourages preparation of operational sequence of all systems
available
 Cost Principle: Encourages cost benefit analysis of all solutions available
 Maintenance Principle: Encourages preparation of plan for preventive maintenance
and scheduled repairs
 Obsolescence Principle: Encourage preparation of equipment policy as to enjoy
appropriate economic advantage.
Material handling operations are designed based upon principles as discussed above.
Material handling equipment consists of cranes, conveyors and industrial trucks.

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Material Handling - Principles,

Operations and Equipment

 It should be able determine appropriate distance to be covered.

It is critical for manufacturing organization to identify importance of material handling

 Design of proper facility layout

Principles of Material Handling

 Orientation Principle: It encourages study of all available system relationships

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