Reader's Choice Answers PDF

Answer Key
The processes involved in arriving at an answer are often more important than the answer itself. It is
expected that students will not use the Answer Key until they have completed the exercises and are pre-
pared to defend their answers. If a student’s answer does not agree with the Key, it is important for the
student to return to the exercise to discover the source of the error. No answer is provided in instances
where the students have been asked to express their own opinions or when there is no single best
answer.
Unit 1 Reading for Thorough Comprehension (page 5)

1. horseshoe
Discourse Focus: Reading for
2. T. Paragraph 1 refers to a glass-bottomed observation
Different Goals—Web Work
deck.
Skimming (page 1) 3. F. In Paragraph 4, it says that the Skywalk was built by a
Las Vegas developer.
1. This is the website of the Cable News Network. Accord-
4. T
ing to the website, it covers a wide range of news, both
5. F. Paragraph 8 reports that one-third of the tribe’s mem-
U.S. and international, including news about politics,
bers live in poverty.
weather, sports, and economics.
6. to give or lend
2. The center of the page contains a news story of current
7. F. Paragraph 10 indicates that he will receive part (“a cut”)
interest. The columns on either side the story provide
of the profits.
links to other pages and to specific information. You
8. One is a member of the Chickasaw Indian tribe; the other
would click on these items to learn more about the topics.
walked on the moon.
3. • A glass-bottomed observation deck is being built out
from the side of the Grand Canyon.
Critical Reading (page 6)
• The illustration is an artist’s drawing of the Skywalk
along with basic facts about it. The map shows the 1. Anyone who is interested in getting news online, espe-
location of the Skywalk. cially news as it is being reported or international news.
2. No, this is a news site.
Scanning (page 4) 3. F. Like most websites, you can find all types of informa-
tion here.
1. On the top of the page, you can click on Home.
4. F or N. Probably not; the website seems to focus on U.S.
2. Under Resources, you could click on World Weather.
events through links like this, and international events
3. Click on the second language on pull-down menu under
through links to specific stories.
Languages (page 3).
5. Probably because visitors would feel that they are walking
4. On the side of the page, you can clink on items under
in the sky.
Asia (page 2) or click on TIME Asia under Resources
6. T. According to the information that accompanies the
(page 3).
illustration, it is built to withstand winds of 100 miles per
5. On the top of the page, under the CNN.com heading,
hour.
you could click on Sports.
7. Answers will vary. The article says that the tribe is hoping
6. The Skywalk is 4,000 feet above the canyon floor and the
to create tourism because one-third of its members live in
Colorado River.
poverty.
7. Seventy feet.
8. F or N. This isn’t entirely clear. We believe that the article
8. At least $75.
is talking about the future in paragraph 5, when it says
9. The Skywalk is in Arizona, on the west side of the Grand
that the tribal leaders hope the Skywalk will become the
Canyon, on the Hualapai Indian Reservation.
centerpiece of a budding [just developing or new] tourist
industry. But this could mean that the industry is already
beginning, and the Skywalk will become its center.
1
9. Answers will vary. He may have wanted to help the Indi- Scanning for Details (page 9)
ans or to make money for himself, or both.
1. T
10. Answers will vary, depending on how you define “good.”
2. F, unless you eat lunch after 4 pm.
Only time will tell.
3. T
11. Answers will vary. You might be excited or terrified.
4. T
12. Answers will vary.
5. F; Under You Pick Two, it costs $6.69 + tax.
6. F; you would need more money to pay for tax.
Non-prose Reading: Menu
7. T
Scanning (pages 7–8) 8. F
9. F; apparently you can only order the dinner salads with
1. Yes
the pizzas (but you can always ask).
2. Apparently not, none are listed.
10. F; according to the menu this is true except for small
3. Yes, see Baked Goods.
amounts that occur naturally in dairy and meat products.
4. Yes; Under “Hot” Paninis, the ingredients come “on
11. T (as long as your group has five or more people).
bread.”
5. Under Café Sandwich: Bacon Turkey Bravo, Smoked
Ham & Swiss. Under Signature Sandwich, Italian
Combo; Pepperoni Pizza; Spinach & Bacon Soufflé. 1. Answers will vary: If your family likes formal restaurants
6. Under Signature Sandwiches: Mediterranean Veggie. for celebrations, prefers to eat fish, or hates bread, you
Under Hot Panini: Portobello & Mozzarella. Under probably wouldn’t bring them here.
Soups: Broccoli Cheddar, French Onion, Low-Fat Vege- 2. Answers will vary.
tarian Black Bean, Low-Fat Vegetarian Garden Vegetable. 3. You might order one of the salads (perhaps without meat
Baked Potato; Under Salads: Caesar, Greek, and Classic or croutons, or with one of the low-fat or reduced sugar
Café. Under “Crispani” Pizza: Tomato & Fresh Basil, dressings), the Low-Fat soups, or Lower Carb Breads. We
Three-Cheese, and Roasted Wild Mushroom. Under don’t know what Lower Carb means (how much lower?)
Soufflés: Four-Cheese and Spinach & Artichoke. Any of and we don’t know how it tastes!
the Bagels. 4. In many Romance languages, the root pan means bread.
7. She could eat the Kid’s Deli sandwich under “Panera We think the name probably is intended to make us
Kids.” (She could also eat a meat dish on the adult menu, think of crisp bread (in the pan? ) at Panera.
but it would cost more.) 5. a. Dough is uncooked bread; it’s also a slang term for
8. Sizes and shapes money. A donation is a gift or contribution. This sec-
9. Yes, in a Baked Egg Soufflé tion describes financial contributions do (dough)
10. We assume not; soufflés are only served in the morning, nations—from a bakery.
and then “only while they last.” b. F. If you make a special donation at Panera, the com-
11. No, underneath Side Choices, it says, “Prices exclude pany will match part of it and give the money to com-
tax.” munity organizations.
12. No. Unless it says that a certain amount is added for a c. To make a difference means to do something good for
tip, menu prices do not include tips. If there are servers others. It seems to suggest that by eating at Panera,
who bring food to your table, you will need to add a tip. customers are supporting the programs to help those in
Although you cannot tell this from the menu, Panera need.
does not have servers; customers pick up their food when Answers to the rest of this question will vary.
their names are called. Some restaurants like this have a
jar for tips at the cash register. Word Study: Context Clues
13. a. $4.99 + $.59 = $5.58 + tax.
Exercise 1 (page 12)
b. $6.19 + $1.69 = $7.88.
14. Under Salads: Fuji Apple Chicken, Asian Sesame 1. pounced: jumped
Chicken, or Grilled Chicken Caesar. Also, chicken is 2. adapt: adjust to new circumstances
available on any salad for an additional $1.59. Note: You 3. egret: a type of bird
would not order Chicken Salad under Signature Sand- 4. inveigh against: talk loudly against; to attack verbally;
wiches if you wanted a green salad with chicken. protest
15. a. The illustration near the list of Bagels and Spreads will 5. slithered: moved like a snake; slid
give you an idea. 6. pelt: hit
b. To spread is to distribute a thin layer over something. A 7. kinesics: the study of body motion
spread is any food that can be spread over bread or 8. gregarious: sociable; friendly
crackers, such as soft cheese. 9. ravenous: extremely hungry
16. a. You could ask which of the hot teas don’t contain caf- 10. salvage: save
feine, or you could order Colombian Decaf coffee.
Note: Most chocolate contains caffeine.
b. Yes, two are listed underneath Iced Drinks.
2 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 7–12

Word Study: Dictionary Use To learn Gloucester’s population, you must follow a series
of links from that webpage leading to the most recent
Exercise 1 (pages 14-15)
census data. (When we last checked, the population was
1. All spellings and pronunciations are acceptable as long as 30,273.) It would be easier to Google™ it.
they correspond to the meaning you intend. 15. Answers include such things as: definitions, synonyms,
2. a. 2 parts of speech, pronunciation (syllabification and stress),
b. a dot (•) alternate pronunciations, spelling and alternate spellings,
3. a. print dictionary: the second; dictionary.com: the first if verb—principal parts, if noun—plural form, usage
b. the first labels (archaic, obsolete, regional, etc.), origin of word
4. a. across the bottom of the page (etymology), derived words, information about famous
b. It appears when you click on Pronunciation Key. people, information about geographical locations, proper
c. Answers will vary. form for citing information from the dictionary.
d. be 16. Answers will vary and may include points such as:
e. Click on Pronunciation Key.
Convenience:
5. a. print dictionary for both, 2; dictionary.com, 3.
b. 2 Print dictionaries are generally very portable, but they can
6. a. words with related meaning that have been produced be heavy. Electronic dictionaries are available wherever
from the entry word, for example, prefixal you have web access and on some portable electronic
b. related forms devices, but they always require some type of electronic
7. a. before device to use.
b. Click on PRE- in the part of the entry about the word’s
Information:
origin.
8. They help you know how, where, or if a word is used. Print dictionaries may have more information about indi-
9. print dictionary: consult a style guide; dictionary.com: vidual people and places than electronic dictionaries do,
click on Cite This Source, choose which citation form is but electronic dictionaries link to other websites that can
the one you want, and copy and paste the citation into provide endless amounts of information. Electronic dic-
your bibliography. tionary sites like dictionary.com usually provide informa-
tion from several different dictionaries for any word that
you look up. Some electronic dictionaries allow you to
1. a. no hear a word pronounced, but that feature usually requires
b. Go to www.dictionary.com, make sure the dictionary you to pay for a subscription. Print dictionaries include
tab is selected, type glory in the search field at the top pictures to illustrate the meaning of some words.
of the page, and click Search.
Trustworthiness:
2. five
3. glutamic. Note: The mark showing which syllable is The trustworthiness of information from a dictionary
stressed appears after the syllable in the print dictionary depends on factors other than whether it is a print or an
but before the syllable in the dictionary.com entry. electronic dictionary, such as who wrote it, and when.
4. print dictionary: paw, for; dictionary.com: all, or, talk,
Currency of information—
lost, saw
5. glottises Electronic dictionaries may have (or link to sites with)
6. glued more current information than older print dictionaries,
7. gloweringly but not in all cases.
8. print dictionary: glossography; dictionary.com: glossographer
Ease and speed of use:
9. Benjamin Gloxin print dictionary: Benjamin Peter;
dictionary.com: Benjamin P. To find the definition of some words using a print diction-
10. French and Greek. Note: dictionary.com does not write ary, you must look up the root word. In online dictionaries,
out the words but shows <F <GK. you usually can find it by entering the particular word
11. no. Note: The definition is slightly different in the print form you are interested in. Once you are on an online dic-
and electronic dictionaries. tionary site and enter a word, the definition appears
12. print dictionary: four; dictionary.com: eight, in the first quickly if you have high-speed online access. Online dic-
entry shown on the website. They are defined to indicate tionaries may show how a word is pronounced using a sim-
differences in usage (shades of meaning) among them. pler system than print dictionaries (using “spelled pronun-
13. print dictionary: 1714; dictionary.com: If you enter ciation” instead of the International Phonetic Alphabet
Christoph Willibald Gluck, you will learn Gluck was a symbols); you may see how to pronounce a word without
composer but not when he was born. If you enter Gluck having to refer to the Pronunciation Guide. Online dic-
Christoph Willibald, you will see a webpage with links to tionary websites may show so many different dictionaries’
other references where you could learn the day and year entries for a word that it can sometimes be confusing.
he was born, July 2, 1714.
Ease of reading:
14. print dictionary: 26,000; dictionary.com: If you enter
Gloucester, Massachusetts, you will see a webpage with a Print dictionaries often use small print, but all the infor-
link (City of Gloucester, MA) to the city’s home webpage. mation about a word is usually on a single page. Elec-
ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 13–16 · 3

tronic dictionaries have larger print, with more white Unit 2
space on the page, but you may have to scroll down sev-
eral screens and look beyond the advertisements to find Selection 1A: United Nations Report
the exact information you want. “Can English Be Dethroned?”
Cost: Comprehension (page 31)
Print dictionaries come in all price ranges. Some elec- 1. T 3. F 5. T 7. F 9. T
tronic dictionaries are free (if you have web access), but 2. T 4. F 6. F 8. T
others are not. Also, some features in the free dictionaries 10. He seems to use these terms with respect to numbers of
are not available unless you pay for them. speakers. Answers to the rest of this question will vary.
Word Study: Stems and Affixes Critical Reading (pages 31–32)

Exercise 1 (page 19) 1. a. Through a monopoly on education: languages not
1. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 taught in schools tend to die out because they are not
2. insane, inactive, invisible used for official functions. Languages not used outside
3. For example, coworker, coauthor, copilot the home or beyond traditional customs tend to die out.
4. For example, rework, replay, rewind, relive, review b. Answers will vary.
Exercise 2 (page 20) 2. The author is referring to a number of relationships. The
first is between individual freedom and political power—
1. inhale: breathe in that is, if one is not free as an individual, one does not
2. import: bring in from outside the country; buy from have real power within a community. The second is the
other countries tie between language and society and economics. If one
3. collaborated: worked together doesn’t have linguistic freedom/power, one is unlikely to
4. informal: casual (not formal) have social freedom or economic success. Because the
5. prediction: statement foretelling the future; statement say- personal freedom to use language is fundamental to other
ing what will happen in the future freedoms and power, if one’s language is destroyed, it
6. inscriptions: writings, drawings, or marks written on or endangers one’s standing in the world.
into some surface 3. Answers will vary.
7. preregister: register before classes start
8. reflection: image; likeness Discussion/Composition (page 32)
9. dictated: spoke or read (the letter) aloud so that it could
be written down Answers will vary.
10. graphologist: person who studies handwriting
11. microbiology: the branch of biology that deals with animal Vocabulary from Context
or vegetable organisms that can be seen only
Exercise 1 (pages 33–34)
with a microscope
12. phonograph recordings: records (from: write [record] sound) 1. trend: tendency; when something moves generally in a
13. prescription: written order for medicine particular direction; inclination; pattern; propensity
14. chronic: long-lasting; constant; continuous 2. imperialism: the practice of controlling and dominating
15. reapplied: applied again other nations, for example, through colonialism
16. recall: remember 3. diplomacy: international relations
17. in retrospect: looking back 4. eliminates: gets rid of; removes; forces out
18. audiovisual: involving both hearing and sight (such as 5. denounce: criticize; accuse; condemn
movies) 6. inconspicuous: not noticeable; not immediately obvious;
19. immoral: not moral; against ethical principles; wrong subtle
20. prenatal: before birth 7. tangible: obvious; actual; able to be touched
8. subtle: not obvious
Exercise 3 (page 21) 9. excesses: extremes; lack of moderation
1. g 3. c 5. h 7. a 10. deliberate: knowing; intentional; purposeful
2. d 4. f 6. e 8. b 11. policy: plan; course of action; strategy
12. intentional: with intent; knowing; purposeful; deliberate
Paragraph Reading: Main Idea (pages 22–27) 13. initiatives: plans; programs; proposals
Passage 1: d Passage 4: d. B is true but not the 14. penetrating: entering into; gaining access to
Passage 2: b main idea. 15. tacit: unspoken; understood; inferred; implicit
Passage 3: b Passage 5: c 16. resistance: opposition; challenge; standing firm against
Passage 6: Contrary to popular opinion, change has always 17. summits: meetings
characterized the family. 18. promote: encourage; help; support
Paassage 7: Our ideas about the ancient Mayas are changing; 19. cope with: deal with; handle; manage
we once thought them to be peaceful but now believe them 20. colonization: taking complete control of distant territory
to have been warlike. usually for the purpose of taking advantage of economic
Prose Summary: 1. b 2. b, e, g resources

Exercise 2 (page 35) 2. Because English will remain a dominant (if not the dom-
inant) language, especially in science and technology,
1. don’t mind
increasing numbers of people will study English (and
2. sphere
perhaps other languages, such as Chinese), making them
3. inevitable
bi- or multilingual. The prediction is that English will
4. folklore
not necessarily replace other major languages, but be
5. encroachment
added to them.
6. extinction
3. The article quotes Montgomery’s article in the presti-
Exercise 3 (page 35) gious journal Science concerning the use of English in sci-
entific journals and on the Internet.
1. mechanisms: processes; systems
2. embraces: includes; comprises
Discussion/Composition (page 39)
3. surpasses: is more than; is greater than; exceeds
4. tongues: languages Answers will vary.
Figurative Language and Idioms (pages 35–36) Vocabulary from Context (page 40)
1. has taken root 1. foreseeable: as far as we can see, predictable, near, short-term
2. the last word 2. appreciate: understand, realize, recognize, are aware of
3. deep-rooted 3. spark: create, produce, initiate, inspire, ignite
4. makes a mark 4. trailing: following, (being) behind, being less than
5. hand in glove (Par. 2: hand in hand) 5. consolation: comfort, support, sympathy
6. broke new ground 6. aspire: have as a goal, aim
7. a concerted strategy
8. make headway Figurative Language and Idioms (page 40)
9. at stake
1. having the global field to itself
Stems and Affixes (page 36) 2. sell-by date
1. to have a monopoly: to have control; to dominate
Selection 2: Essay
2. globalization: the process by which things that were once
“Gate 4-A”
local are becoming worldwide
3. unavoidable: cannot be avoided; inevitable Reading for Details
4. underpin: underlie; support; form the foundation for
5. transnational: across nations; international Exercise 1 (page 43)
6. biennially: every two years 1. She herself is Palestinian. Also, the term grandma (rather
7. subnational: within a nation; smaller than a nation than grandmother ) suggests the intimacy of family.
8. linguicide: killing a language 2. Although Nye’s grandmother is Palestinian, Nye is appar-
ethnocide: killing/destroying a culture ently not a fluent native speaker of Arabic.
deculturation: destroying a culture; ethnocide 3. This is a sign of intimacy; it also indicates that the
semi-official: not completely official; a policy that is not woman is becoming more comfortable.
completely stated but is systematic and known 4. People from very different backgrounds are all sharing
the same experience through the sharing of food.
Selection 1B: Linguistics 5. And they are happy to be doing so.
“English Seen as Co-Star among Global 6. The shared identity is visible throughout the gate area.
Languages” 7. This is another sign of intimacy, a way of showing that
Comprehension (page 39) the woman had become Nye’s “new best friend.”
8. The plant shows the woman maintaining traditional
1. T (presumably rural) customs—in this case, of remaining
2. F “rooted” to a place. The fact that the plant is medicinal
3. F may indicate that she was planning to use traditional as
4. F well as modern healing.
5. T
6. F. The graph refers to native speakers only. Exercise 2 (page 44)
1. 3
7. Because he wanted “to give an indication of the future 2. All definitions will work.
past that point.”
8. F. The article refers to employers in Asia. Exercise 3 (page 44)
Answers will vary.
1. We believe this is an error. The sentence says that Hindi-
Urdu and Arabic are projected to surpass English, but Answers will vary.
only the former (at 5.9%) surpasses English (at 5.4%).

Selection 3A: United Nations Report 2. Answers will vary. Some of the possible answers include:
“The Globalization of Tourism” Politics will effect how people feel about tourism; tourism
reveals/makes obvious the dramatic differences between
Comprehension (pages 45–48)
rich and poor, for example, when people from rich
1. F nations pay for the experience of living with poor people;
2. T tourism can damage or destroy natural or cultural
3. F treasures of tourist locations; large-scale travel (for
4. It encourages the growth of tourism by making it easier example, by car or train or plane) can damage the
for people to get information about making travel Earth’s atmosphere and lead to global warming.
reservations.
5. The United States was the country that earned the most Discussion/Composition (page 51)
from international tourism.
Answers will vary.
6. F
7. Europe
Vocabulary from Context
8. T
9. F Exercise 1 (pages 52–53)
10. China, which was not even in the top 10 “sources of
1. unqualified: definite; complete; absolute; not qualified or
tourism” when this article was written, is predicted to
limited
jump to the fourth largest source of tourists. Also, China
2. income: money; earnings
will move up from the sixth most popular destination for
3. ecosystem: the interrelated community of plants and
tourists to the most popular destination for tourists.
animals and bacteria that make up the Earth
11. F
4. fragile: easily damaged or broken; delicate
12. F. The map for 2020 does not tell us how many tourists
5. threatens: endangers; puts at risk
will go from Asia to the East Asia/Pacific region.
6. trekkers: people who take a difficult, laborious trip,
especially on foot
7. dilemma: question; problem; situation in which one must
1. Answers will vary. choose between unpleasant alternatives
2a. Paragraph 3: It is difficult to decide if the text and the 8. profit: income; earnings; monetary gain
graph agree. The text talks about regions, and the graph 9. habitats: places where plants or animals normally live;
talks about countries. According to the text, the top ecosystems; environments; surroundings
destination will be Europe, followed by East Asia/ 10. survival: continued living; continued existence
Pacific, and then the Americas. Although not all 11. thrive on: succeed / grow / do very well / prosper with
countries are listed in the bar graph, adding up countries 12. authentic: real; genuine; true
(on the bar graph) by region makes us think the 13. cumulative: taken all together, especially over time;
information in the graph might be consistent with the collective; total
claims about regions made in the text. 14. disruptions: troubles; disturbances; interruptions of the
Paragraph 4: Yes and No. The bar chart of top destina- normal
tions in 2020 shows China at the top. However China 15. campaigns: organized, planned actions to bring about a
did appear (in sixth place) on the list of top destinations specific result
in 1998. 16. launched: begun; started; introduced; initiated;
2b. Answers will vary. inaugurated
17. exponents: supporters; advocates; promoters; proponents
Discussion/Composition (page 48) 18. initiative: action that is the first of its kind; first step;
plan; proposal
Answers will vary.
19. industrialization: the process of organizing something on
a large scale as though it were an industry with inter-
Selection 3B: Essay
changeable parts
“The Politics of Travel”
Comprehension (page 49)
1. local: resident; native; person from that area
1. T 4. F 7. F 10. F
2. culprits: problems; causes of problems
2. T 5. F 8. F 11. F
3. monuments: buildings; statues; tombs that keep alive a
3. T 6. F 9. T 12. T
memory
4. notably: especially; particularly
5. trampling: destroying under foot; flattening; walking on
1. Answers will vary, but the author was presumably 6. replicas: copies; reproductions
referring to at least two senses of the term consumer. The 7. awareness: knowledge; consciousness
first is someone who buys things and turns them into 8. redressed: addressed; fixed; put right; rectified
commodities (even tourist experiences), often as a result 9. postindustrial: there are two meanings here. The more
of advertising. The second is the sense of “consuming” or conventional meaning has to do with economic systems
using up our natural resources. that have replaced manufacturing, based on advanced

technology, especially information technology. The Unit 3
author refers to another, related meaning. With the
possibility to focus beyond products and profits, the Nonprose Reading:
author hopes that a postindustrial system will focus on Newspaper Advertisements
people and places.
Overview (page 59)
Figurative Language and Idioms (page 54) 1. Help Wanted, Help Wanted Over 18, Business
Opportunities, Internships, Child-Care, Tutoring
1. poses a serious threat
2. Furnished Apartments, Unfurnished Houses, Shared
2. appetite for
Housing
3. cost-benefit equation
3. Shared Housing and Rooms
4. salvation lies in
4. Parking
5. breed
5. Internships. Also some Volunteer because some positions
are similar to Internships.
Stems and Affixes (page 55)
1. deforestation: cutting down forests Comprehension (page 62)
2. herbicides: chemicals used to kill unwanted plants and
1. SAT Tutors Needed; Teacher/Tutors (ESL); High School
weeds
Freshman Needs
3. underpins: supports
2. Smart, Energetic, Creative; Teacher and Assistant; Seattle
wildlife: plants and animals
Athletic Club
4. reservoir: supply; pool; reserve
3. Restaurant–Summer Job; SAT Tutors Needed; Summer
5. uniform: the same
Job in Seattle; Summer Jobs Food Processing; Trekleader;
6. transformed: changed
Student Intern
7. nonprofit: not intended to make a profit; not maintained
4. Telemarketer/Appointment Setter; Wanted! Part-Time
for financial gain; charitable
Telemarketer; Part-Time Receptionist
asymmetries: inequalities
5. Answers will vary with respect to qualifications; you do
not have to be a perfect student.
Dictionary Study (page 56)
6. F
1. vtr. 2 7. No, it is a volunteer position that doesn’t pay.
2. This is an adjective, not directly listed in the dictionary; 8. F
the meaning is based on that listed under boom1, vintr. 2 9. T
3. n 7 10. $600, New Building; 1-1/2 blocks to UW; From
$300–$350; Large Bedroom, Furnished; Summer
Selection 3C: Travel Guide Rentals
“Learning Holidays” 11. We wouldn’t; 10 bedrooms and “cool roommates”
doesn’t sound quiet to us.
12. Probably 0 BLOCKS to UW
1. F 13. Female Roommate Wanted (the second one). If you
2. F think she would be willing to share with a male, you
3. The first Art and Architecture tour and the Language (in could also tell her about Share 3 Bedroom; you might
Siena, Italy) tour also tell her about some of the ads under Rooms.
4. F 14. Yes at www.thedaily.edu.
5. Tours where you live with and live as traditional people.
6. F Critical Reading (page 63)
7. Possible answers are the third Art and Architecture tour,
1. We wouldn’t. Whenever we read “this offer is going fast,”
the fourth Archaeology tour, the fifth Archaeology tour,
we’re suspicious. But you may be more curious than we
and Earthwatch under Further Information.
are.
8. The first Language and the first and second Living In tours
2. It seems to be the opportunity to buy the millionaire
9. F
maker’s information and other tapes. Often this kind of
10. Further Information
advertiser becomes a millionaire by selling useless tapes.
We wouldn’t answer this one either.
3. We wouldn’t; it seems you would need some real
experience to lead others on an adventure.
4. This question calls for personal opinion; answers will
vary.
Web Work (page 63)

1. 835, 845
2. 360

3. Often these are ads from people who are looking for Word Study: Dictionary Use (pages 0–0)
relationships. Obviously you don’t know these people;
you don’t know whether what they say is true or whether Exercise 1 (pages 70–71)
they are dangerous people.
1. a. 1. adjective
4. a. $6.00
2. print dictionary: weak; exhausted; dictionary.com:
b. No
fatigued; weary; exhausted
c. Friday
b. 1. noun
5. Your ad depends on the kind of roommate you want.
2. print dictionary: break; dictionary.com: a breach of
harmonious, friendly, or peaceful relations
Word Study: Stems and Affixes
2. print dictionary: consecutively; dictionary.com: extending
Exercise 1 (pages 66–67) or repeated continuously
3. a and c. The print dictionary shows both rustic and pas-
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. c
toral as synonyms of rural. On dictionary.com, the first
6. telephone: an instrument that reproduces sound that
entry lists only rustic as a synonym, but the second entry,
comes from far away (tele: far; phon: sound) telegram:
which comes from the American Heritage Dictionary, lists
a written message sent far away (tele: far; gram: written)
both rustic and pastoral.
television: an instrument that produces a picture of
4. print dictionary: b; dictionary.com: d
something that is far away (tele: far)
5. print dictionary: a; dictionary.com: a or d
7. when he or she wants to take a picture of something far
6. a
away
7. print dictionary: a; dictionary.com: You can enter either a,
8. support: to hold up physically or emotionally
b, or c to get the definition. What changes is the position
(sup: under; port: carry)
of the definition on your screen.
9. Interstate commerce is business between different states.
8. print dictionary: a. runner: 8
Intrastate commerce is business within one state.
b. runway: 6
10. aqueduct: a structure built to carry (lead) water from one
c. runes: 1
place to another
dictionary.com: a. runner: 16
11. He is going bald; his hairline is moving back.
b. runway: 8
12. post meridiem
c. rune: 1; runes: 1a
13. Sub means under or below. Scribe means write.
9. print dictionary: b; dictionary.com: the electronic diction-
a. Before telephone agreements, when people subscribed
ary entry does not show what runes look like. Where else
to a magazine, they would sign an agreement to buy
could you look?
the magazine for a certain period of time. They would
10. b
write their name at the bottom of a contractual
11. print dictionary: ruralist; dictionary.com: ruralist, ruralite
agreement.
12. b
b. To subscribe to a theory means to believe it or sup-
port it (figuratively, you sign your name in support of Exercise 2 (page 74)
that theory).
1. a. Thesaurus.com: Find synonyms and antonyms.
Exercise 2 (page 68) b. Language Resources: Grammar, Usage, and Style.
c. No, but we’d recommend checking a search engine
1. to the contrary: against (this belief )
such as Google.com™.
2. postpone: delay; put forward to a later time
d. Bookstore: Check out our recommendations.
3. supervisor: boss
e. Other Dictionaries: Latin.
4. remit: send back
f. Other Dictionaries: Subject, Medical.
5. superscript: symbol that is immediately above and to the
2. a. T b. T
right of another symbol
c. F. It also provides links to other references, such as
6. antibiotics: chemical substances that kill bacteria and
encyclopedias.
other small organisms
d. F. It’s true that Russian isn’t listed, but we don’t know
7. transported: carried (from one place to another)
that there is no link to Russian. Under Other Dic-
8. inexcusable: not acceptable; very bad; unpardonable
tionaries: Language-Specific, there is a link to More
9. interaction: actions between two or more people
languages, and, in fact, Russian is one of them.
10. transmit: send
e. F. It means Frequently Asked Questions.
11. reconvene: meet (come together) again
12. revoked: called back
Sentence Study: Comprehension (pages 77–79)
13. flexible: able to bend without breaking
14. portable: lightweight; capable of being carried 1. c 3. b 5. a 7. c 9. c
15. circumnavigate: sail around 2. b 4. d 6. d 8. a
16. imposed: placed (the tax) upon
Paragraph Reading: Main Idea (pages 79–83)
Passage 1: c Passage 3: d Passage 5: c
1. b 3. a 5. e 7. j 9. g 11. i
Passage 2: d Passage 4: a
2. d 4. c 6. h 8. k 10. l

Passage 6: A summit is a meeting between leaders of enemy 6. Hotel Coronado is located on Coronado Island.
Great Powers trying to reach agreements in order to avoid
future conflict. Getting There
Passage 7: Recognizing that you have choices about what you
do will make you feel better.
Passage 8: 1. T; 2. T; 3. F 1. Some answers will vary.
Passage 9: 1. d; 2. a, d, e, f, g, j 2. F
3. a. This is called “pull technology”—when you subscribe
Discourse Focus: Reading for Different to RSS, you will receive information that you want to
Goals—Web Work receive. This is as opposed to spam, which is “push
technology”—advertisers push their products onto
Getting Oriented
your screen.
Exercise 1 (page 86) 4. Under never miss a deal, Deals by email.
5. Join expedia.com by clicking on sign in in the upper
1. T
right-hand corner. Benefits might include discounts on
2. Three most important sources of income
purchases, up-to-date travel information, etc.
a. Tourism
6. T. See the Best Price Guarantee in the lower left-hand
b. Manufacturing
corner.
c. Military
3. Manufacturing
4. F. They are happy they do not have the smog, traffic and Exercise 2 (page 92)
fast-paced life that Los Angeles has.
Answers will vary.
5. T
6. Both T and F are defensible. It once was true, but this is
Hotel Accommodations (page 93)
changing; according to the brochure, San Diego is
“emerging from the shadow” of L.A. Answers will vary.
Activities (page 94)
1. Answers will vary according to interests.
1. There are 13 or 15 museums in the park, depending on
2. San Diego Convention & Visitors Bureau has the suffix
whether you believe the first paragraph or the passport
.org and City of San Diego Official Website has the suf-
paragraph.
fix .gov, which indicates that the former is a business
2. Both Calendar and Complete Calendar provide informa-
address and the latter is an official government website
tion about what is happening.
constructed by the city of San Diego.
3. Your answer will depend on your finances, but there are
3. Universities often have information on entertainment,
restaurants in the park.
museums, bookstores, and cheap places to eat.
4. F
4. Wikipedia
5. F
a. F. Wikipedia is an open-source encyclopedia that any-
6. T
one can edit.
b. Answers will vary.
Exercise 3 (page 90) Unit 4
1. The most obvious place to click is the Flights tab under
Selection 1A: Reference Book
Make reservations online, but you might also look at the
“The Creative Spirit”
box to the right that advertises Save on San Diego Vaca-
tions. San Diego Travel News might have information on Comprehension (page 96)
flights, but its primary function is to send you informa-
1. Pressures that inhibit creativity: surveillance, evaluation,
tion about San Diego.
rewards, competition, over-control, restricting choice,
2. Vacation Packages usually provide cheaper rates but
pressure
require you to purchase flight, hotel, and other services
2. T
such as rental cars, excursions, etc.
3. T
3. 800-350-6205
4. F
4. In the left column, just under the Convention and Visi-
5. Reader’s choice
tor Bureau listings, there are three flags. If you speak
6. T
Spanish, German, or Japanese, you can get information
7. F
in your native language.
8. T
5. There are 4 hotels that list prices on this web page: Sher-
9. T
aton Marina, Loews Coronado Bay Resort, Sheraton San
Diego, Catamaran Resort & Spa.
a. Sheraton Marina appears to be the cheapest ($119.00)
b. The Hotels tab permits you to search all hotels, and 1. F. They will learn, but we will not know what they
to indicate the price you want to pay. learned.

2. F. Merely by living and engaging in activity we are Reading Selection 1C: News Report
learning all the time; what we are learning, and “School Violated Student’s Rights”
whether it is what the teacher wants us to learn—
that is another matter.
3. This is open to debate. 1. F
4. Reader’s choice 2. T
5. Reader’s choice 3. T
4. F
Discussion/Composition (page 100) 5. According to Paragraph 7, parents “looked to the school
to protect children from the influence of religious
Answers will vary.
extremists.”
6. According to Paragraph 8, “the school argued that the jil-
Vocabulary from Context (pages 101–2)
bab posed a health and safety reisk, and might cause divi-
1. creativity: ability to use the imagination to develop sions among pupils.”
original ideas 7. F
2. toddlers: children who are just learning to walk 8. jilbab (Paragraph 3): “a long, flowing gown covering all
3. risk-taking: inclined to try new things, sometimes her body except her hands and face.” Shalwar kameez
without proper care or preparation (Paragraph 8): “trousers and a tunic.”
4. inhibit: to stop something from continuing or
developing; constrain; hold back; restrict Critical Reading (page 106)
5. restricting: holding back; making difficult to accomplish;
Answers will vary.
inhibiting
6. savor: to enjoy; to make something last because of the
enjoyment
7. intrinsic: natural; essential Answers will vary.
8. peers: age-mates; individuals who are of the same
approximate age Vocabulary from Context (page 107)
9. engrossed: completely absorbed in something; totally
1. violated
involved
2. banning
10. flow: unconscious and easy involvement in an activity
3. breached
11. rhythms: regular habits; comfortable tendency and
4. ruled
routine
5. manifest
12. compulsions: strong feelings of being required to do some-
6. attire
thing
7. preserve
13. surveillance: excessive observation; constant watching
8. bigotry
14. to hover: to stay close by; to be overly protective
9. modestly
15. excessive: more than necessary; too much
16. competition: activity aimed at someone doing better than
someone else; contest organized to see who is best
17. desperate: urgent, anxious desire to accomplish something 1. d
18. aversion: dislike of something 2. b
19. proclivities: inclinations; tendencies 3. c
4. f
Figurative Language and Idioms (page 102) 5. e
6. a
1. A creative “urge” is a desire to try something new. Being
observed makes us want to avoid being seen, that is, not
to take risks.
2. A good thing. They favor activities that give children the 1. n. 3
opportunity to forget about time and other pressures. 2. n. 3a
Reading Selection 1B: Textbook Vocabulary Review (page 108)

“American Values in Education”
1. assimilation
2. ruling
Critical Reading (page 104) 3. banned
4. appeal
Answers will vary.

Answers will vary.

Reading Selection 2: Fiction Exercise 1 (page 114)
“Yolanda”
1. bastardized
Comprehension 2. fixed on
3. indelicacy
1. F
2. F 1. amended: changed; corrected
3. T 2. acknowledging: recognizing; admitting
4. F 3. confided: told; confessed, especially something rather pri-
5. T vate and personal
6. F 4. heavy-duty: strongly; to a great degree: seriously
7. F 5. uneasiness: discomfort; nervousness; feelings of worry
8. F 6. cocked: tilted; leaned to the side
9. T 7. drawing: attracting; bringing
10. T 8. podium: stage; place where a public speaker stands; the
11. T stand that holds a speaker’s papers
12. F
13. F Figurative Language and Idioms (page 115)
14. T
1. threw her daughter off
15. F
2. take shortcuts
16. T
3. Old World
17. F
4. warming to
Exercise 2 (page 113) 5. waved (the voice) away
6. woman’s libber (libber, a slang term, comes from the
1. S
word liberation)
2. S
3. S
4. D
5. D 1. verb 3
6. S 2. tr.v. 2
7. D 3. ex3
8. S 4. The meaning is adjective 1; the form is adverb.
9. S
Reading Selection 3: Psychology
Critical Reading (page 113) “The Stereotype of Stereotypes”
1. Places you could point to include the fact that the Comprehension
mother doesn’t know that the man next to her is her
daughter’s lover; the mother doesn’t know that he knows
about the family; we know what the mother and lover are 1. F
talking about, but Yolanda doesn’t; the mother doesn’t 2. T
know that he sees Yolanda in her. 3. F
2. Both points of view can be defended. If Yolanda defines 4. T
herself as a poet when she is giving poetry readings (and 5. T
presumably writing new poems), then yes. But because 6. T
she apparently earns her living teaching, she may con- 7. T
sider herself a teacher/poet, or a poet/teacher or solely a 8. F
teacher. 9. F
Discussion/Composition (page 113) 1. P
2. N
Answers will vary.
3. N
4. N
Vocabulary from Context (Page 114)
5. P
1. blushed: turned pink or red in the face from embarrass- 6. P
ment
2. ascribed: attributed; assignd the cause of Critical Reading (page 119)
3. chuckling: laughing softly
Answers will vary.

Discussion/Composition (page 120) Dictionary Study (page 123)
Answers will vary. 1. punch2 n 2
2. boast1 vtr 2 or 3
Vocabulary from Context 3. v. tr. 4
4. v. tr. 3
5. v. intr.
1. prejudices: negative feelings before the facts are known;
preconceived ideas; biases Vocabulary Review (page 124)
2. biased: prejudiced
1. accuracy
3. bigotry: prejudice; intolerance
2. justified
4. stigmatize: mark someone as not normal or standard
3. animosity
5. exploit: treat unfairly; take advantage of; misuse
4. trait
6. unjustified: having no justification; mistaken; wrong;
5. deadlines
incorrect; invalid; untrue
7. erroneous: mistaken; wrong; incorrect; invalid; untrue
8. tendency: when something moves generally in a particular
Unit 5
direction; inclination; propensity
9. propensity: tendency; inclination
Nonprose Reading: Questionnaire
10. abet: help; aid; support
11. confront: face up to; meet head on; deal with Exercise 1 (pages 128–29)
12. animosities: negative feelings
Answers will vary.
13. traits: characteristics; qualities
14. subtlety: looking for the less obvious; making fine
distinctions
Here is how we categorized the activities using Gardner’s mul-
tiple intelligences. Note, however, there is not necessarily a
1. (to) enhance single correct answer, so you should not take our word as
2. probes final. Use your own judgment.
3. delineating
1. Linguistic Intelligence: 2, 17, 24
4. keener
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: 9, 19, 21
5. (to) marshal
3. Visual-Spatial Intelligence: 3, 13, 16
6. punctuality
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: 5, 15, 22
7. deadlines
5. Musical Intelligence: 4, 12, 23
8. neglects to ask
6. Interpersonal Intelligence: 8, 10, 14
9. a wide array
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence: 7, 18, 20,
Exercise 3 (page 122) 8. Naturalistic Intelligence: 1, 6, 11,
1. dwellings: houses; homes; residences
Word Study: Context Clues
2. (in the) realm: (in the) area; (in the) field; (on the) topic;
(on the) subject Exercise 1 (page 131)
3. employ: use
1. hazy: not clear
4. invalid: untrue; false; unproven; unsupported
2. anticipating: guessing in advance; thinking of ahead of
5. encase: surround; include; enclose
time; foreseeing
6. counteract: act against; work against; counterbalance; neu-
3. massive: large; heavy; clumsy
tralize; offset; undo an effect with opposing action
4. vague: not specific; not clear; imprecise
7. crucial: important; necessary; vital; critical; fundamental
5. appeased: satisfied
8. tagged: identified; selected; labeled
6. provoked: caused
9. tardiness: lateness; not being on time; missing deadlines
7. manifested: showed; demonstrated
10. distort: make inaccurate; misrepresent; cloud; twist
8. toll: total; count; extent of loss
9. wretched: poor; terrible; miserable
Figurative Language and Idioms (page 123)
10. mammoth: large
1. fall short of
2. to give (stereotypes) their due
3. gained (particular) favor diminutive: very small; tiny
4. conflict resolution notable: noteworthy; remarkable; extraordinary; significant
5. bridge-building hover: to remain (to hang suspended or flutter) in the air near
one place
unique: one of a kind; exceptional
ornithology: the study of birds

Word Study: Stems and Affixes Unit 6
Selection 1: Economics
1. a 3. c 5. d 7. d 9. c 11. d “The Wealth of Nations”
2. d 4. a 6. b 8. b 10. c
Before You Begin (pages 147–48)
12. Originally, manufacture meant to make by hand (manu:
hand; fact: make). Now products that are manufactured Your summary might read something like this: Economies
are often made by machine. Originally, manuscripts were grow by producing and exporting products that bring in
books written by hand (manu: hand; script: write). Today, more money. The closer a country’s current products are to
a manuscript is a document that is either handwritten or those that are highly valued, the easier it is to move into
typed; it is a document in prepublication form. related areas that will bring it more wealth. Poor countries
may not have products that are related to anything that allows
their economies to grow.
1. beneficial: good (for)
2. mislaying: misplacing; putting in a place that is later Comprehension (pages 152-55)
forgotten
1. (from Paragraph 1) “What’s puzzled economists over the
3. bilingual: speaks two languages
years is why it’s been so difficult for these countries to
4. misbehave: behave badly; act the wrong way
start up new activities in the hope of spurring economic
5. anonymous: nameless; not named; without giving their
growth and lifting themselves out of poverty.”
name
2. T
Exercise 3 (page 136) 3. a
4. They looked at actual data and found that earlier expla-
1. e 3. c 5. d 7. h 9. j 11. k
nations did not explain how countries expand their
2. f 4. b 6. a 8. l 10. i 12. g
economies. “Factors of production” did not predict how
economic diversification happened. Instead, they saw
Sentence Study: Comprehension
different relationships.
(pages 137–39)
5. The map of products could help countries design good
1. d 3. c 5. b 7. a 9. a policies by showing the most promising ways to develop
2. c 4. d 6. c 8. b new industries.
6. Because all countries keep careful records of their exports,
Paragraph Reading: Restatement and these data are reliable and available. Also, they are good
Inference (pages 140–43) indicators of high-quality production.
7. They were experts in applying the theory of networks to
Passage 1: b, d, e Passage 4: b, d, e
real-life situations. They took the data from the econo-
Passage 2: b, d, e Passage 5: a, b, e
mists and translated them into a picture showing rela-
Passage 3: a, d, e
tionships, a visible network. The maps on page 151 are
examples.
Discourse Focus: Careful Reading/Drawing
8. b
Inferences (pages 144–46)
9. d
1. Class Day: The museum authorities knew the 10. By nodes that were strongly connected to many other
communication was not an authentic one because of the nodes
manner of expressing the dates of the Pharaoh’s reign. All 11. Nodes that had only a few connections to other nodes,
BCE dates are expressed in the reverse manner from ACE such as oil, minerals, cereals, and coffee
dates. Thus, for example, Moses lived from 1571 to 1451 12. F
BCE and Tutankhamen reigned from 1358 to 1350 ACE 13. It maps out world exports, showing how products are
2. Ruth’s Birthday: Her bill smelled of the perfume she’d related to each other.
spilled on her purse. 14. The majority of industrial products, from machinery and
3. The Ex-Wife Murder: Rogers could not have known that steel to chemicals
his ex-wife had been shot unless he had guilty knowledge 15. F
of the crime. The maid did not say why she had been 16. a. MC b. SC c. P
taken to the hospital, yet Roger’s first words on entering 17. T
it were, “Who shot her?” 18. F
4. Case #463: Fordney knew that the dog had not bitten 19. T
Miss Marshall because he found no teeth marks in the 20. T
dress. She later confessed to inflicting the wound herself 21. c
with a fork in the hope of collecting damages from Mrs. 22. It might help governments and organizations decide how
McGuire. to invest money, in general, though it won’t suggest spe-
cific policies.
23. T
24. F

25. F Stems and Affixes (pages 157–58)
26. F
1. e
27. F
2. b
28. We assume that this has to do with relative distance
3. d
between two products. According to Paragraph 8, the
4. a
distance is short when the probability that a country that
5. c
is good at exporting one type of product is good at
6. g
exporting another. When the probability is low, the
7. f
products are far apart in the product space. According to
Paragraph 11, the researchers drew links between prod-
ucts only when the probabilities were high. We think
that the length of the lines (the links) represents how 1. noun 2
high the probabilities are: Shorter lines mean higher 2. verb 8
probabilities. 3. noun 2
29. F. We wish it did. 4. 1. verb 1
30. T 5. verb 1
31. Richer countries export more products than poorer coun-
tries and their products are closely linked to each other,
unlike the products exported by poorer countries. Reading Selection 2: Essay
32. T “Mother Tongue”
33. F
34. T
35. Garments and electronics 1. One’s mother tongue is one’s first language, the language
36. Answers may vary, but the authors would say the state- learned at home as a very young child. This is also a pun;
ment is false. in the title it can refer to both Tan’s mother’s language
and her own.
Critical Reading (page 156) 2. T
3. F
1. a. The researchers would likely point to the findings
4. T
reported in paragraph 15: Rich industrialized coun-
5. a, b, c, d
tries tend to produce a broad range of products. Your
6. F
perspective and evaluation may differ.
7. math and science
b. The researchers might say that countries such as oil-
8. F
rich nations are economically at risk and will not
9. F
remain wealthy if they don’t branch out, that is, diver-
10. her mother
sify their economies. Your perspective and evaluation
11. T
may differ.
Answers will vary.
2. a. stuff b. T c. F
3. Answers will vary. Some factors we thought of are: edu-
cational level of the population; age of the population; Answers will vary.
type of government; size of the population; history of the
nation (was the nation a colonizer or colony?); natural Vocabulary from Context
resources; geography; size; stability of borders; involve-
ment in political conflicts (war/peace); public health.
1. rebellious: like a rebel; not doing what authorities say; not
Vocabulary from Context (page 157) obeying orders; resisting authority or control
2. adolescent: teenager; young, immature person
1. spurring
3. stockbroker: a person whose profession is to buy and sell
2. edge
stocks and other financial investments for other people
3. links
4. astonished: surprised; amazed; shocked
4. conventional
5. perception: impression; belief; understanding
5. vice versa
6. belied: did not accurately represent; contradicted;
6. clusters
showed to be false
7. periphery
7. diagnosis: medical evaluation of the cause or nature of a
8. snapshot
health problem
9. status quo
8. benign: not cancerous; harmless
10. branching out
9. assured: promised; guaranteed
11. potentials

10. impeccable: perfect; without any errors Exercise 2 (page 170)
11. intent: meaning, purpose, goal
1. S
12. bland: dull; boring; ordinary; colorless
2. D
Exercise 2 ( page 166) 3. S
4. D
1. language of intimacy: the speech used by people in a close,
5. S
familiar, and usually affectionate or loving personal rela-
tionship with each other.
2. peers: people similar in age or importance, such as class-
Unit 7
mates or friends
3. judgment call: a matter of opinion and personal experi-
Nonprose Reading: Charts & Graphs
ence with no single right answer; a decision made by
using one’s own ideas and experiences Figure 7.1 Comprehension (page 172)
4. steering: directing; guiding
1. F
Exercise 3 (page 166) 2. T
3. T
1. tool of my trade
4. Your explanation might be something like the following:
2. gangster
Under normal circumstances, some of the Sun’s energy
3. wince
that enters the Earth’s atmosphere is trapped by a thin
4. empirical evidence
layer of atmosphere, warming the Earth and keeping its
5. guise
temperature comfortable. Today, the atmosphere is being
6. cashed out her small portfolio
thickened by human-produced greenhouse gases that are
7. insular
trapping more of the Sun’s energy and causing the tem-
8. essence
perature of the Earth’s surface to rise.
5. He is talking about the CO2 that goes into the atmos-
phere as a result of human actions, for example, when we
1. burdened burn fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal) in homes, cars,
2. strong suit factories, or power plants, or when we cut or burn down
3. block out of my mind forests.
4. hone my talents
5. where it counted Figure 7.2 Comprehension (page 173)
1. F. The chart reports global temperatures; we can not
assume that the measurements were taken at the most
1. e populous areas.
2. c 2. The mean temperature during the period 1961-1990
3. b 3. Answers will vary.
4. a 4. The difference between the actual temperature and the
5. d average during the period studied.
5. The red line, showing the five-year averages, allows us to
Dictionary Study (page 168) see overall trends more clearly.
6. F
1. noun 1
7. T
2. noun 2
8. Looking at data on average temperatures since 1860,
3. noun 13
average temperatures were relatively stable until 1900;
4. adjective 3
they have fluctuated since then, rising most steeply since
5. noun 2
1980.
Vocabulary Review
Figure 7.3 Comprehension (page 174)
1. 1900–1995
1. adolescents 2. F
2. peers 3. T
3. steer 4. Those with more than 5.08cm (2 inches) of rainfall (or
4. envision equivalent if precipitation is snowfall) in 24 hours
5. block out 5. F
6. sound 6. T
7. strong suit

Figure 7.4 Comprehension (page 175) money and technology to implement more energy-saving
practices.
1. Unlike Figure 7.3, Figure 7.4 contains explanatory prose,
which explains both the causes and effects of extreme
precipitation. Another difference is that the graph in
7.4 is a bar graph that groups data by decades, while Fig- 1. The sentence next to “Answer.”
ure 7.3 shows decade averages through a line graph. Fig- 2. a
ure 7.4 compares Europe, the Americas, and Asia; while 3. F
Figure 7.3 reports data only for the contiguous United 4. 1.13 metric tons of CO2 carbon per person.
States. Figure 7.3 reports amount of precipitation; Fig- 5. d
ure 7.4 reports floods.
2. Answers will vary. Critical Reading (page 181)
3. Figure 7.3 comes from a university website. Figure 7.4
1. a. Increased wildfires: As hotter temperatures dry the
comes from Al Gore’s book for the general public.
soil and leaves, wildfires are becoming more common.
(Also, warmer air produces more lightning, which is a
common cause of wildfires.)
1. b b. More and stronger hurricanes and typhoons: Accord-
2. Your sentence could describe the data reported in the ing to Figure 7.4, “warmer water increases the mois-
graph and/or the conclusions that could be drawn from ture content of storms, and the warmer air holds more
them: The figure shows total fossil CO2 emissions for moisture.” When storm conditions develop, they
the world (divided into three regions) from 1860 to result in more severe weather events. Also there is a
about 1995; total emissions have increased dramatically correlation between water temperature and wind
since the first half of the 20th century. velocity, which would lead to stronger hurricanes.
c. Danger to food production and water supplies:
Figure 7.6 Comprehension (page 177) Increased temperatures evaporate more water out of
the oceans, lakes, and rivers. Loss of rivers and lakes
1. Using data on CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere
leads to a loss of usable farm land. And, of course, the
and in ice cores between the years 800 and 2000, the fig-
loss of lakes and reservoirs leads to a loss of drinkable
ure shows a dramatic increase in concentration since
water. Warmer temperatures also suck more moisture
1800.
out of the soil, which leads to “desertification” (fertile
2. a. The last sentence
land becomes desert).
b. For scientists familiar with this data, the prose may be
d. Increases in infectious diseases: According to Al Gore’s
unnecessary. For those unfamiliar with the data, or
An Inconvenient Truth, “disease vectors . . . have been
perhaps who are more disbelieving, a description of the
increasing in range because of global warming And
data and how it is collected may be helpful.
when these vectors—whether algae, mosquitoes, ticks,
or other germ-carrying life forms—start to show up in
new areas and over a wider range, they are more likely
1. The USA, former USSR, China, the European Union, to interact with people, and the diseases they carry
Japan. become more serious threats.” In general, germs and
2. Answers will vary; if your country isn’t named, it is repre- viruses are less threatening to humans when there
sented at the top of the chart in the area above Canada. are colder winters, colder nights, and more climate
stability.
Figure 7.8 Comprehension (page 179) 2. Answers will vary, but all human life will be affected.
Scientists see the worldwide connections among these
1. developed countries: These tend to be the wealthy, highly
events, for example, the potential for increases in infec-
industrialized countries, such as many countries in
tious disease.
Europe, Japan, the U.S., and Canada.
2. developing countries: countries in the process of change
toward economic growth; developing countries tend to
Figures 7.10 & 7.11 Critical Reading (page 183)
be poorer, have less infrastructure, and be less industrial-
ized than developed countries. Examples are many coun- 1. The sentence that begins the final paragraph says, “Those
tries in South and East Asia and Latin America. least able to cope and least responsible for the greenhouse
3. 2015 gases that cause global warming are most affected.”
4. Presumably developing countries (some of which have a. Answers will vary.
very large populations) will develop the capacity for b. Answers will vary; however, the numbers seem fairly
industry and car ownership that produces large amounts low at this point.
of CO2 emissions, but not necessarily have the economic 2. Figure 7.8 both supports the argument and presents con-
resources to carry out these activities in ways that trasting data. The prose that accompanies Figure 7.10
decrease greenhouse gases, for example by using (more argues that those least able to cope and least responsible
expensive) hybrid cars. At the same time, the developed for global warming are the most affected by it. The data
world may have gone more “green,” that is, they have the in Figure 7.8 indicates that the developing countries

(some of which do pay a high price for global warming) 8. semiprecious: of lesser value; semiprecious stones have
will be increasingly responsible for it. In that sense, Fig- lesser value than “precious stones”
ure 7.8 presents a contrasting picture. However, the 9. mortal wound: injury that causes death
nations that pay the heaviest price, for example, Sub- 10. periodontist: dentist concerned with diseases of the bone
Saharan Africa, are not predicted to contribute greatly to and tissue around the teeth
global warming. 11. popularity: the state or quality of being popular; being
3. Answers will vary. However, it can take a few years to liked by the general population
collect and synthesize large amounts of data, and because
global warming develops over years, this may not be seen
as a great problem. 1. f 4. d 7. c 10. e 13. a 16. b
2. e 5. c 8. a 11. d 14. f 17. e
Word Study: Context Clues 3. a 6. b 9. f 12. b 15. d 18. c
Sentence Study: Restatement and Inference
1. attributes: qualities; talents; abilities (pages 190–93)
2. conferred: granted; gave to
1. c, e 3. b, e 5. b, d 7. b, c 9. a, c, d
3. plump: fat; chubby
2. b, c, e 4. b, c 6. d 8. b, d, e 10. b, e
4. pedantic: bookish; boring; giving attention to small,
unimportant, scholarly details
Paragraph Analysis: Reading for Full
5. aloof: above; apart from
Understanding (pages 194–203)
6. refrained: held back; controlled oneself
7. ineffectual: not effective; not producing the intended Passage 1
effect 1. a 3. a 5. a
8. chrysanthemums: a (type of ) flower 2. d 4. c 6. d
9. drab: uninteresting; dull; cheerless; lacking in color or
Passage 2
brightness
1. a 3. a 5. b 7. a
10. skin/cortex/membrane: outside cover of a body or organ;
2. b 4. d 6. c
boundary
Passage 3
1. d 3. a 5. b 7. a
babbling: meaningless sounds that babies make before they 2. d 4. c 6. b 8. a
learn to talk
Passage 4
sequence: related group; series; the coming of one thing after
1. c 3. c 5. c 7. c
another
2. b 4. a 6. a
hearing-impaired: deaf; having problems hearing
myth: untruth; an untrue story or belief Passage 5
1. d 2. a 3. d 4. a
Discourse Focus: Prediction (pages 204–07)
There are no single correct responses to the items in this
1. b 3. d 5. b 7. c
exercise. Students should work interactively: interacting with
2. c 4. d 6. b 8. a
each other and the text in order to form predictions, then
9. An astronaut is a person who sails (travels) to the stars
reading to see if these are confirmed. The answers, therefore,
(outer space). (astro: star)
are available by further reading.
10. All the clothes look the same.
11. birth rate 3. While there is no single correct answer, a and d are the
Exercise 2 (page 188) most likely. The inset suggests that the author will begin
by reviewing the current troubled state of calculus
1. biographies: life histories instruction.
2. triplets: three children born at a single birth 4.–5. These questions require a personal response. Answers
3. multimillionaire: person who is worth many millions of will vary
dollars 6. This paragraph presents calculus instruction in a negative
4. metropolitan: a population area consisting of a central city light: calculus is described as a barrier; students have no
and smaller surrounding communities choice but to take it; calculus brings back painful memories.
5. semiprivate: partly, but not completely private; a room This very general introductory description might lead us
with more than one person to expect that the author will go on to describe specific
6. multivolume: several-volume; consisting of more than one aspects of the current state of calculus instruction.
book 7. This question is intended for discussion.
7. peripheral: (vision) away from the center, at the sides; 8. The final, transition sentence of the previous paragraph
having good peripheral vision means having the ability states that “participants brought worthwhile suggestions.”
to see things on either side One might expect that suggestions for change will follow.

9. This question requires a personal response. Vocabulary from Context
10. This question is intended for discussion.
11. This question requires a personal response.
12. The rest of the article discusses suggestions for change 1. glut: oversupply, large amount
and issues involved in implementing that change. Sug- 2. entrepreneurs: energetic and risk-taking business people
gestions for change include utilizing the potential of 3. developing world: countries in the process of change
handheld calculators to eliminate routine problems, toward economic growth; developing countries tend to
thus concentrating on the central ideas of calculus. Other be poorer, have less infrastructure, and be less industrial-
suggestions are to reinforce the important role of approx- ized than “developed countries.”
imation and to streamline courses by eliminating much 4. competition: contest, struggle, rivalry
specialized material. In terms of implementation, issues 5. trade barriers: rules and regulations that limit imports or
discussed are the need for change in high school math altogether keep them out of a country
curricula, for new textbooks, and for smaller university 6. domestic: local; referring to a particular country; not
calculus classes. international
7. free-trade agreements: agreements or treaties that open
borders and allow trade to flow freely; agreements creat-
Unit 8 ing trade that is free from government restrictions or fees
(tariffs).
Reading Selection 1: Business 8. negotiations: discussions toward reaching an agreement;
“New Life for Used Clothes” bargaining
9. nonprofit: organizations that are not established for the
purpose of making a profit; generally charitable institu-
1. T tions, sometimes associated with a religious group
2. F
3. T
4. F 1. funky: unconventional; original; eccentric
5. The developing world—areas such as Asia, Africa, Latin 2. sorted: separated according to the kind of thing; catego-
America, and the Caribbean rized; classified
6. entrepreneurial energy, abundant low-wage labor, and 3. reap: get; obtain; gain; earn
contacts in the developing world 4. shifted: moved
7. F 5. soared: increased a lot; to rise rapidly
8. F 6. plummeting: (the opposite of soaring) falling suddenly
9. F and by a great deal; plunging
10. F 7. dwindle: get smaller and smaller until very little remains.
11. They don’t have a currency problem (because they 8. wrecks: destroys; ruins
already use U.S. dollars) and they have access to low- 9. revenue: income; money
wage Mexican labor.
Critical Reading (page 212) 1. brokers
2. infrastructure
1. Sellers can give each buyer exactly what he or she wants
3. dynamic
(for example, only baby clothes).
4. tractor-trailer
2. Because imported clothing costs less for people in the
5. confiscated
U.S., they tend to give away more used clothing.
3. Presumably they are concerned that the money may have
been obtained illegally. They also would be concerned
that people are not paying taxes on that money. 1. carved out a profitable niche: created a profitable special
4. They are trying to protect local clothing industries. area.
5. They collect clothing to give to homeless people and 2. widening ripples: (the term comes from the small waves
sometimes to sell in local used clothing stores to raise that are created in water from some disturbance) increas-
money to help people in need. Any clothing that they ing consequences
cannot use in these ways is “excess,” and they sell it to 3. sprung up: (from spring, which means to jump up or act
brokers to raise more money. suddenly) to come into being (usually in a short time)
4. north of the border: Canada
Discussion/Composition (page 212–13) 5. rising tide: increasing amount
6. dirt-cheap: very inexpensive
Answers will vary.
7. left off the table: not raised for discussion
8. opening our doors: removing restrictions or barriers.
9. their days are numbered: they will not exist for much
longer; they will soon go out of business

10. barely hanging on: barely surviving; only just remaining 9. F
in business 10. F
11. Out-migration is people moving out of a country to live
Vocabulary Review (page 216) elsewhere. Outmigration ages a nation as it is mainly
younger people who leave. It also leaves fewer younger
1. O
people to take care of older people.
2. S
12. T
3. S
13. F
4. S
14. Between 2040 and 2050
15. Any country in orange on the map has a population that
Dictionary Study (page 217–18)
will decline by 2050; any country in green on the map
1. transitive verb 2, also 3 has a relatively high birthrate.
2. verb (used with an object) 8 16. France
3. noun 4 17. T
4. verb (used with an object) 1 18. T
5. transitive verb 3 19. Italy
20. Italy, France, Germany
21. T
Selection 2: Economics
“The World Turns Gray” Critical Reading (page 224)
Overview (page 219) 1. Before their populations aged, developed countries had
time to build up resources/wealth to support an aging
1. The proportion of elderly people in the world is in-
population. Poor countries, unfortunately, did not.
creasing, and this may create serious problems for many
2. Replacement fertility rate means the number of children
countries.
each woman would need to bear in order to keep the size
2. Answers will vary. Information about specific countries
of the population unchanged. (That number is 2.1.)
can be found in the text and on the map and accompany-
Population decline may not happen because of immi-
ing graphics.
gration, a large proportion of women of childbearing
3. Looking at the map would be the fastest way to get
age in the country, and/or a decreasing death rate.
information about Western Europe.
3. The footnote under the graph “Developed Countries”
4. According to the Map key, the different colors represent
lists North America, Japan, Europe, Australia, and New
differences in the fertility rate and projected population
Zealand. Opinions about these terms will vary.
growth/decline in the various countries.
4. No. In the last sentence of the article, he implies that the
5. a. One represents the proportion of people in the world
problems of global aging are not as bad as the problems
age 14 and under at different times in the past and
of too many people on the planet.
future. The other represents the proportion of the
world’s population age 60 or older at different times.
b. When the lines cross (between 2040 and 2050), the
proportion of older people in the world will be greater Answers will vary.
than the proportion of younger people.
6. a. The percentage of people 14 and younger and the Vocabulary from Context
percentage of people 60 and older
b. No. In the bar charts on the right side of the map, the
colors refer to different years. 1. challenge: test; problem; demanding task calling for
special effort
Comprehension (pages 222–24) 2. trend: pattern; tendency; when something moves gener-
ally in a particular direction; inclination; propensity
1. F 2. T 3. T
3. fiscal: financial; economic; monetary
4. Because a large proportion of people in those countries
4. retirement: stopping work because of age
are still in their childbearing years and because life
5. pensions: payments made regularly to a person who has
expectancy has risen
reached a certain age and fulfilled certain requirements
5. People over 60 are becoming a greater proportion of the
of service (for example, having worked for a company for
world’s population than they were in the past, and young
25 years)
people are becoming a smaller proportion.
6. pensionable: eligible for; qualified for; entitled to a
6. F
pension
7. It’s very costly to support the growing number of elderly,
7. debt: money that is owed
and there will be fewer workers to support retired elderly
8. ethical: moral; having to do with right and wrong
people. Also, markets will shrink, limiting economic
9. obstacle: something that gets in the way; barrier;
growth.
hindrance; impediment; obstruction
8. Raise taxes on workers. Cut benefits to the elderly.
10. capacity: ability; capability; potential; resources
Borrow money from another country.
11. famine: extreme and widespread food shortage; starvation

Exercise 2 (page 226) 7. invitation to test himself: challenge
8. worried: preoccupied
1. inevitably 7. absent
9. burgeoning: rapidly increasing
2. thanks to 8. divert
10. birthrate: fertility of a population
3. fertility rates 9. gap
11. predictions: projections
4. dearth 10. are bound to
12. raise: rear
5. feat 11. exuberance
6. dire 12. ravages
Reading Selection 3: Short Story
Exercise 3 (page 226) “The Lottery”
1. plummeting: rapidly falling; dropping; declining; Comprehension
decreasing
Exercise 1 (pages 236)
2. strains: difficulties; challenges; stresses; pressures
3. shrink: decrease in size; get smaller; contract 1. T 3. F 5. F 7. T 9. T
4. escalate: increase 2. F 4. T 6. F 8. F
5. diminishing: shrinking; decreasing
6. exceed: go above; surpass; are greater than
7. compounded: increased; made worse; multiplied 1. T 3. T 5. T 7. F
8. toils: works hard; labors 2. F 4. T 6. F
Figurative Language and Idioms (page 227) Drawing Inferences (page 237)
1. to rack up mountains of debt 1. Answers might include such things as the following:
2. dental-floss bikinis People were nervous.
3. to make ends meet Tessie didn’t want to win the lottery.
4. be called upon 2. Answers might include such things as the following:
Normal Lottery
Stems and Affixes (page 227) a. The whole village was present.
b. Tessie’s arrival was good-humored.
1. d 3. h 5. e 7. b 9. f
c. Mr. Summers conducted square dances, teen clubs,
2. g 4. c 6. i 8. a
and the lottery.
d. The slips of paper and the initial ritual of the lottery
seemed typical.
1. prep Strange Lottery
2. transitive verb 2b a. Piles of rocks were prepared.
3. noun 2 b. People hesitated to volunteer to hold the box.
4. transitive verb 1 or 2 c. Some villages had already stopped having a lottery.
5. transitive verb 1 d. Mr. Warner considered such villages barbaric.
6. transitive verb 6a e. A girl whispered: “I hope it’s not Nancy.”
f. Tessie didn’t want to win; she wanted to include her
Vocabulary Review married children in the second drawing.
Double Meaning
a. There was no place to leave the box during the year.
S declining S plummeting S shrinking b. The Watson boy blinked his eyes “nervously.”
S diminishing L compounding L outnumbering c. There were continual references to tension, nervous-
L burgeoning L escalating L exceeding ness, and humorless grins.
S cutting d. Mrs. Dunbar said to “get ready to run tell Dad.”
3. They had to take part so that everyone would be respon-
sible, so that everyone would have to take part next year.
1. absent 4. Mr. Warner felt that giving up the lottery would bring
2. cut bad luck and would be uncivilized. He represents the
3. support older, more conservative members of a society who resist
4. strain change.
5. gap 5. Tessie wanted more people to be included in the final
drawing so that her chances of “winning” would be
reduced.
1. shrinking: declining 6. Changes in the Lottery
2. outnumber: exceed a. The original paraphernalia had been lost.
3. escalating: increasing b. The box had changed.
4. uses: consumes c. Slips of paper had replaced wooden chips.
5. plummeted: greatly diminished d. There used to be a recital and ritual salute.
6. strained: burdened

Unchanged Elements of the Lottery 4. $2.80 (round-trip: 70 cents per adult each way; children
a. The list of names was checked in the same way. 5 or under may ride free)
b. The black box was made with wood from the original 5. Yes, you must have exact change or use tokens.
box. 6. 573-2288
c. There were two drawings and the result of the lottery 7. 303-299-6000 or 1-800-366-7433 or 303-299-6039 (for
had remained the same. people with hearing or speech impairments)
8. Five cents
Answers will vary.
1. Yes 2. T 3. F
4. Yes (on selected trips only)
1. T
1. ritual: any formal, customary observance or procedure;
2. All 20th Avenue buses are accessible to wheelchairs.
ceremony; rite
3. The 8:56 A.M. bus will get you there 40 minutes early.
2. paraphernalia: equipment; any collection of things used
The 9:58 bus will get you there 22 minutes late. You
in some activity
decide which bus to take.
3. drawing: a lottery; the act of choosing a winner in a
4. The 6:08 P.M. bus
lottery
5. None
4. gravely: seriously; soberly; somberly; solemnly
6. F
5. soberly: seriously; gravely; solemnly; sedately
7. F
6. murmur: a low, indistinct, continuous sound
8. F
7. to discard: to throw away, abandon, or get rid of some-
thing that is no longer useful
Web Work
8. to disengage: to release oneself; to get loose; to leave
1. How To Ride, Contact Us or Trip Planner
1. boisterous 3. gossip 5. interminably
2. Trip Planner, Schedule Finder or Schedules
2. reprimands 4. fussing
3. Yes, you can click Buy Pass Online. There are probably
Exercise 3 (page 239) places where you can buy tickets in person as well. You
might want to do this if you don’t want to carry cash or if
1. to devote: to give
you don’t want the trouble of paying with cash as you get
2. stirred up: moved; shook; displaced
on.
3. to fade off: to slowly disappear or end; to die out
4. F. You might make up to $21.85 per hour.
4. shabbier: older; more broken down; worn out; showing
5. If you click on Rider Alert, you will find out whether
more wear
there is construction or are other problems on particular
5. to lapse: to fall away; to slip from memory; to return to
lines. Your answer to this question depends on your toler-
former ways
ance for ambiguity, desire for adventure, or how badly
6. craned: raised or moved
you want to arrive on time.
7. tapped: hit lightly
6. Probably not. If it were a bustling business center, the
8. consulted: looked at; checked; referred to; sought
shuttle serving it would would run during the work
information from
week.

Unit 9
Nonprose Reading: Bus Schedule
1. hydroelectric (plant): a plant that uses water power to pro-
duce electricity
2. thermometer: an instrument that measures heat and
1. 20th Avenue indicates temperature
2. The schedule does not list the university; however, if you 3. hyperactive: overactive; too active; abnormally active
knew that the university was in downtown Denver, you 4. to verify: to make sure it is true; to confirm
would know that the bus goes near the university. The 5. pedals: the parts of the bicycle moved by the feet to make
bus does go by the museum. the wheels turn
3. “Peak hours” are when the most traffic is on the road: 6. dehydration: loss of water from the body
6–9 a.m. and 4–6 p.m. weekdays. Because the traffic 7. tripod: a three-legged stand used to hold a camera
moves more slowly, your ability to get to work on time 8. hypersensitive: overly sensitive; too easily hurt
may depend on this knowledge. Also, it costs more to 9. hypodermic: a needle used to inject substances under
ride the bus during peak hours. the skin

10. orthodontics: a type of dentistry concerned with Unit 10
straightening teeth
11. deported: made (him) leave the country Selection 1A: Genetic Engineering
12. per capita: individual; for each person “Grains of Hope”
13. dermatologist: a doctor who treats skin diseases
14. geothermal: heat of the earth
15. bipedal: walked on two feet 1. F
16. veracity: truth 2. Answers will vary.
17. supersonic: faster than (above) the speed of sound
1. Answers will vary somewhat for these two charts. Here is
1. d 6. e 12. c 18. a
one possibility for how the charts might be answered.
2. a 7. f 13. a 19. c
3. e 8. d 14. d 20. e Table 1. People and Organizations Who Are “for” GM Crops and
4. c 9. b 15. f 21. d the Reasons They Give for Supporting Their Use
5. b 10. a 16. b 22. b
Reason for
11. c 17. e
Name Job/Position supporting GM crops
Sentence Study: Comprehension Ingo Potrykus Creator of a GM He sees GM crops as a

(pages 250–52) crop, golden rice way to improve the
health of poor people
1. d 3. a 5. c 7. b 9. b in the world.
2. b 4. c 6. a 8. d
Jimmy Carter Former U.S. He sees GM crops as a
President way to fight world
Paragraph Reading: Restatement and starvation.
Inference (pages 253–55)
Gordon Conway Agricultural He sees GM crops as a
Passage 1: e Passage 4: a (c) ecologist at the way to feed hungry
Passage 2: a, b, c, d Passage 5: a, d Rockefeller people.
Passage 3: c, d Foundation
Monsanto GM food It makes and sells GM

Discourse Focus: Careful Reading/Drawing producer crops for profit.
Inferences (pages 256–58)
Bruce Tabashnik University of GM crops reduce the
1. Murder on Board: Nathan Cohen was held because it Arizona need for insecticides
would have been impossible for him to have written in entomologist without making
small, precise handwriting during a storm that “tossed insects resistant.
and rocked” the boat. Dennis Gonsalves Cornell He developed a GM
2. Death in the Mountains: It was a dark, starless, moonless University plant papaya that helped
night. No animal’s eyes shine unless there is a light that pathologist Hawaiian growers.
can be reflected from them. A human’s eyes NEVER
Rusty Perry Hawaiian papaya Using GM papayas
shine under any circumstances.
farmer helped his crops grow,
Wylie could not possibly have seen eyes shining at and customers were
him in the dark. It was clearly murder. pleased with the
3. Case #194: If the newspaper account was correct, Mayer results.
was lying. He could not possibly have been in the water,
Florence Kenyan plant GM crops could
walked half a mile through ten below zero weather, and
Wambugu scientist provide desperately
then shaken water from his clothes. Had the tragedy hap- needed food with less
pened as he described it, the water on his clothes would labor and suffering.
have been frozen.
4. The Break: Before ascertaining the killer’s identity we will
find out who is the mob leader.
The leader is not Louis Segal (2). And he is not Anton
Kroll or Sam Chapin (3), therefore the leader is Dan
Morgan. Dan Morgan (the leader) is not the killer (4).
The killer is not Louis Segal (2 and 4) and in (5) we learn
Anton Kroll is not the murderer. Hence the man who
killed Trooper Burton is Sam Chapin.

Table 2. People and Organizations Who Are “against” GM Crops probably bad; harmful; questionable; doubtful; disbeliev-
and the Reasons They Give for Opposing Their Use ing; unconvinced; skeptical; dubious
Reason for opposing 8. risks: dangers; threats; hazards
Name Job/Position GM crops 9. ecosystem: the interrelated community of all living things
and their surroundings; environment
European Varied; some They worry about 10. environment: ecosystem; (in this context: natural) sur-
environmentalists farmers, some possible bad effects of
roundings; natural world
and consumer consumers, some GM foods related to
advocacy groups political activists the environment and 11. pollen: powder- or dustlike substance that allows flowers
consumer issues. to reproduce. Some people are allergic to pollen; it makes
them cough and sneeze.
European farmers Farmers They fear GM crops 12. fertilize: to spread pollen from one plant to another with
might cross-pollinate
the result that it will reproduce
other crops and are
suspicious that the 13. allergens: substances that cause an allergic reaction. An
same companies allergy is a strong sensitivity to something. Allergic re-
produce both the pes- actions can range from coughing and sneezing to death.
ticide chemicals and 14. ruin: destroy; make unusable
the plants that need to 15. contaminate: make inferior or impure by mixing with
be resistant to them. something else; pollute
16. pollute: contaminate; to make impure or unclean
Names that might or might not be circled rather than placed 17. poison: a substance that chemically kills or severely hurts
in one or the other chart are Losey, Goldberg, and Mellon. plant or animal life; something destructive or harmful
Some might see these people as not clearly for or against GM 18. ecologists: biologists who study the interrelationship of
crops; others might see them as opposed to GM crops because organisms and their environment; environmentalists;
there has not yet been enough research to ensure that they conservationists
will not have negative effects, such as killing monarch 19. web: complex pattern; network; maze; shape that a spider
butterflies. weaves
2. Answers will vary. See answer to question 1 for names 20. benefits: positive results; advantages; improvements
that some may have circled. 21. monitoring: checking; making sure; ensuring; verifying;
3. Answers will vary. Some other arguments are listed here. confirming; observing
The numbers in parentheses show the paragraphs where Exercise 2 (page 266)
these arguments are made or implied.
(6) People shouldn’t try to change nature. 1. elated
(8) GM crops are mainly just a way to make money for 2. properties
large corporations like Monsanto. 3. rot
(13) GM foods might be a source of allergens. 4. leap forward
(14) GM foods may pollinate non-GM plants nearby. 5. consumer-advocacy groups
(15) GM crops may lead to insects that are resistant to 6. critical
natural insecticides that are now used by organic 7. conserve
farmers (endangering organic farming). 8. take advantage of
(16) GM crops may kill butterflies. 9. entomologist
(19) GM crops may lead to the development of stronger, 10. drifting
harder-to-kill weeds. 11. pathologist
12. (doubly) green revolution
Critical Reading (page 264) 13. drought-ridden land
Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (pages 266–67)

1. Frankenfood: monster food; something terrible invented
Composition (page 264) by scientists
Answers will vary. 2. escalated: increased; grown; expanded
3. protests: speaking against something; complaints; objec-
Vocabulary from Context tions; public meetings called so people can argue strongly
against something; demonstrations
Exercise 1 (pages 264–65) 4. insect pests: insects that destroy plants; a destructive or
1. resistant to: unaffected by; not destroyed by troublesome insect
2. damage: harm; injury; destruction 5. projected: predicted; expected; anticipated
3. properties: characteristics; traits 6. proponents: supporters; those who argue in favor
4. drought: a long period with no rain 7. alarmed: worried; concerned; troubled
5. starvation: dying from lack of food; famine 8. transgenic contaminants: genetic material from another
6. challenges: problems; tests; demanding tasks calling for plant (making the seeds impure)
special effort 9. weeds: undesirable plants, particularly those that crowd
7. suspicious: mistrustful; believing that something is out crops

Stems and Affixes (page 267) 2. Countries generally favoring GM crops are producers of
1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c GM foods, countries where grain is a high proportion
of the diet, and countries with large populations to feed.
Vocabulary Review Countries most opposed to GM foods are in Europe, do
not have diets with a high proportion of grain, and are
Exercise 1 (pages 267–68) not identified as GM food producers. They also have had
1. escalate problems with the safety of their foods.
2. proponent 3. Answers will vary.
3. consumer advocate 4. Answers will vary. Possible sources of information could
be found using search engines on the Web, magazine
Exercise 2 (page 268) indexes at libraries, or library catalogs. Other sources
1. a. resistance of information might be organizations supporting or
b. resistant opposing GM foods. To decide if the information is
2. a. ecological reliable, one would have to evaluate aspects such as the
b. ecologist author of the information, the date of the information,
3. a. environmentalists the quality of any research reported, and the publisher of
b. environmental the information.
4. a. polluting
b. pollution Discussion/Composition (page 273)
5. a. allergens or allergies Answers will vary.
b. allergic
6. a. contaminate Vocabulary from Context
b. contaminants
7. a. Pollen Exercise 1 (page 273)
b. pollinated 1. Passage 1: block, banned, blockade, logjam
Passage 3: freeze
Selection 1B: Graphic Information Passage 5: bans
“The Global Food Fight” Passage 6: prohibits
Comprehension 2. Passage 7: approves
Passage 8: receptive
Exercise 1 (page 269) Passage 9: promoting
1. Color is used to indicate a country’s attitude toward 3. Brazil: alienating
genetically modified food. Britain: alarmed
2. They refer to the paragraphs at the top of the page that France: hostility
describe some recent events related to the controversy 4. France: tainted food
over GM food. Japan: food-poisoning
3. The percentage of the nation’s diet made up of grains Exercise 2 (page 274)
Exercise 2 (page 272) 1. wary: cautious; mistrustful
1. Britain, France 2. reap: get; gain; collect; obtain
2. Argentina, China 3. eager: enthusiastic; excited; anxious
3. N. We don’t know this from reading this article. 4. alienating: making angry; putting off; pushing/turning
4. N. The article does not give information about this. away
5. U.S., Canada, Argentina 5. alarmed: worried; concerned; bothered; upset
6. 130 nations signed an agreement putting some require-
ments on the shipping and labeling of GM foods. Vocabulary Review (page 274)
7. F. Paragraph 9 (Tokyo, 2001) at the top of the page and 1. promote
the Japan paragraph at the bottom of the page reveal 2. prohibiting
that people in Japan hold varying positions on GM
food. Reading Selection 2: Poetry
8. T
9. N or F. We don’t know, but mad cow disease is a Comprehension: “How to Eat a Poem” /
neurological disorder that destroys the brains of “Unfolding Bud” (page 276)
cows and people. 1. a. Reading a poem is like eating because, to enjoy a
poem, you bite into it; you make a poem part of
Critical Reading (page 272) you and it nourishes you. You “ingest” the poem:
1. It’s possible that a country’s diet, for example, and its you pick it up, examine it closely, enjoy it, and put it
reliance on grain will affect its position on GM foods. inside you. You can enjoy every part of it; every part
Answers about what, if any, relationship might be sug- provides nourishment.
gested by this map will vary. b. The author is urging us to “get our hands dirty,” to

really experience and ingest the poem, to touch all Comprehension: “Spring and Fall:
parts of it. To a Young Child” (page 280)
c. There is nothing to throw away; no part of a poem is
1. a. Can you with your fresh thoughts care for leaves like
left uneaten.
the things of man?
d. Eating fruit is messier than eating bread, but it can be
b. Neither the mouth nor the heart had expressed what
sweeter. Similarly, reading poetry can require taking
heart heard of, ghost guessed.
more chances, making more guesses, but it too can
2. Goldengrove: The initial capital letter indicates that this
be very satisfying.
is the name of an imaginary place where a group of trees
e. This question is intended for discussion.
have turned golden during the fall season.
2. a. Like a water-lily bud, a poem can appear at first to be
unleaving: The trees are losing their leaves.
closed. As we read, we open the bud, revealing the
wanwood: Wan is a colorless, sick color. The term
many wonderful things inside.
suggests colorless, dead stems and branches.
b. We expect a bud to reveal a rich inner self: we forget
leafmeal: In this context, meal refers to any substance
that poems, too, reveal different colors and dimen-
with a powdered, grainy quality, e.g., corn meal.
sions upon reading.
Leafmeal suggests a ground substance made of leaves.
3. Both points of view suggest that one needs to examine
The leafmeal also apparently contains colorless, dead
poems closely, to fully appreciate them. Many differences
stems and branches.
might be mentioned. Among them is the fact that Mer-
3. Margaret is grieving for herself: like all living things she,
riam stresses the sensuous joy of consuming poetry, while
too, will one day die.
Koriyama stresses the contemplation of beauty.
Reading Selection 3:
Comprehension: “This is Just to Say” (page 277)
Business “Flying High, Feeling Low”
1. People who don’t like the poem mention such things as
Comprehension
the fact that it lacks poetic rhyme and rhythm, is not on
a lofty topic, and it contains everyday language. People who Exercise 1 (page 283)
like the poem tend to enjoy its haiku-like format, its ref-
1. F
erences to nature, and the simplicity of the presentation.
2. T
2. Although the note says, “forgive me,” this is not pri-
3. F
marily an apology. The writer does not seem to fear
4. T
serious punishment.
5. You are fighting the clock if you travel east. Answers will
3. Most readers agree that there is a degree of intimacy
vary.
between the writer and the receiver of this note. They
6. 9 AM to 11 AM and 9 PM to 11 PM
appear to live together. Students have suggested the fol-
7. F
lowing relationships between the two: spouses, lovers,
child and parent, siblings. This may be considered a love Exercise 2 (page 283)
letter.
4. The note may have been written to ask forgiveness, but 1. Yes
the expression of intimacy and caring seems to be its 2. Yes
primary purpose. 3. No. Alcohol can interfere with your body’s natural rhythm.
5. This question is intended for discussion. 4. Yes
5. No. You should get a full night’s sleep.
Comprehension: “in Just-” (page 279) 6. No. You should plan to see daylight around 5 AM your
time.
1. The poem mentions spring weather (mud puddles), 7. No. If you operate on destination time before your
children’s games (pirates, hop-scotch, jump-rope, departure, you will just accumulate sleep debt.
marbles), and seasonal salespeople (the balloonman). 8. Yes
2. Eddie, Bill, Betty, and Isabel 9. Yes
3. mudluscious: the wonderful feeling of playing in the mud
4. You can argue either that the poem evokes a happy Vocabulary from Context (page 284)
springtime or suggests a sadder or more sinister theme.
To argue for a joyful poem you can point to the use of 1. kidding: joking; not serious
words like mudluscious and puddle-wonderful, and to the 2. rely on: something you can depend on
joyful games of the children. A sadder theme is sug- 3. strategies: plans; methods
gested by the description of the physical handicap of 4. recalibrate: reformat
the balloonman who is referred to as old and lame. The 5. compensate for: counterbalance; make equivalent
balloonman is also described as queer and goat-footed 6. apart from: beside; not part of
(like the devil). If we change the title from “in Just-” to 7. alert: awake; sharp; ready for action
injust, it suggests that some injustice has or will occur. Is 8. frantically: overwrought; agitated; frenzied
our view of the balloonman unjust, or will he perpetrate 9. melatonin: a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in
an injustice upon the children? inverse proportion to the amount of light received by the
5. This question is intended for discussion. retina
10. disrupt: disturb; intrude

Figurative Language and Idioms (page 284) 3. The mapquest directions provide more of some kinds of
details: They provide detailed directions (including street
Answers will vary.
names) to get you onto interstate highway 65 (although
this may be more detail than you want or need). Once
you get to the park entrance, mapquest tells you the
1. c names of the roads that lead into the park (something
2. a that signs would probably tell you as well). However, nei-
3. f ther the mapquest maps nor the directions indicate such
4. e things as whether there is camping in the area, although
5. b you could link to such information. The mapquest direc-
6. d tions provide only a single route, whereas both the paper
and mapquest maps allow you to choose at least two.
4. Answers might include such routes as the following:
—→——
— → 40
1. transitive verb 4
→ 70 → 96 → 266 →
56 (E. E. State Park) — ——
2. intransitive verb 1
231 (C. L. State Park) → 40 or 41 (Nashville)
3. noun 3a
Or (31W) → 65 → (255) → 70
4. noun 3
Vocabulary Review (page 286)

1. c
Answers will vary.
2. a
3. f
Word Study: Context Clues
4. e
1. precariously: dangerously; uncertainly
Unit 11
2. to trudged: walked tiredly, slowly
3. turmoil: confusion
Nonprose Reading: Road Map
4. grooming: personal cleaning; the act of making neat
Introduction and tidy
5. matrimony: marriage
6. probe: a long slender instrument used for delicate
2. a. L-10 exploration
3. Centennial Boulevard and 28th Avenue 7. convened: called together; started
4. a. Bowling Green is about 25 miles/40 kilometers from 8. ingesting: eating; taking inside
the KY/TN border. 9. autocratic: dictatorial; undemocratic; tyrannical;
b. Route 31W is a Federal highway while route 65 is an domineering
Interstate highway. 10. limnology: freshwater biology
[All Interstate highways are multilane, divided, con-
trolled access roads. In contrast, Federal highways
have widely varying characteristics. For instance, genetic/genes: referring to biological inheritance; the elements
although some Federal highways are divided, 31W by which parents biologically transmit characteristics to
is not.] their children
5. 63 miles (101 kilometers) rearing/reared: referring to the process of raising children,
bringing them up. In this article nurture (child rearing)
is contrasted to nature (genetics).
1. e 3. a 5. d findings: discoveries; conclusions
2. b 4. c 6. c shatter: disprove; destroy
primacy: being first in importance; supremacy
Map Reading heredity: the biological process of passing on characteristics
from parent to child
nurture: the act of raising, rearing; all the environmental
1. T 3. T 5. T 7. T 9. T 11. F factors that affect individuals as distinguished from their
2. F 4. T 6. T 8. F 10. T nature or heredity
Sentence Study: Restatement and Inference
1. Yes; 50 miles per hour/80 kilometers per hour (pages 300–2)
2. Answers might include such routes as the following:
31W or 65 → 101 → 259 → 70
1. d 5. c 9. b
or (31W) → 65 → 70
2. a, b 6. a, c 10. a, d
3. a, b, c, e 7. b, c, d, e
You can spend the night at the Park.
4. a 8. d, e

Paragraph Analysis: Reading for Full Drawing Inferences (page 319)
Understanding (pages 303–9)
She feels that individuals and societies are foolish to sacrifice
Passage 1 Paragraph 4 so much for cars. People often notice problems of other
1. a 4. c 1. b 3. c cultures more easily than those of their own culture. The
2. b 5. c 2. c 4. b author hopes that people in the United States will be able to
3. a examine the effect of the car on their society more realistically
Passage 5
if they do not realize immediately that they are reading about
Passage 2 1. c 4. a
themselves.
1. c 3. b 2. d 5. a
2. b 4. d 3. b 6. c
Passage 3
Answers will vary.
1. b 4. b
2. c 5. d
Vocabulary from Context (page 320)
3. c
1. preoccupied: absorbed in one’s thoughts; unable to
Discourse Focus: Prediction (pages 310–15) concentrate
There are no single correct responses to the items in this 2. temperament: disposition; emotional or psychological
exercise. Students should work interactively: interacting with characteristics; frame of mind
each other and the text in order to form predictions, then 3. prestigious: admired; important; distinguished; of a high
reading to see if these are confirmed. The answers, therefore, rank
are available by further reading. 4. treating: giving medical care to
1. This article is about changes in the family. You might 5. ailing: sick
expect to read about changes in such things as the size 6. puberty rites: ceremonies that mark adulthood
of families, the roles of family members, the role of 7. petitioned: made a formal request; asking; to begged
families in society, or even the definition of the family. 8. detrimental: damaging; harmful; injurious
There are many other possible responses. 9. regard: consider or think of as being something
2–3. These questions require a personal response.
4. b, d, i Reading Selection 2: Business and Sociology
5–6. There are many possible answers. Based on the men- “The Cross-Generational Workplace”
tion of family members and the reference to definition, Comprehension (page 325)
you might have listed such things as the roles of family
members, the definition of the family, perhaps the size 1. Because of the diversity in terms of age, race, gender,
of the family. ethnicity
7. Because the opening sentence discusses changes in the 2. F
historical view of family size and definition, you might 3. Economy; political and social circumstances
expect to find historical data that speaks to these issues. 4. T
8. This question requires a personal response. 5. T
9. b, d, e, g, h, i, j 6. F (The Vietnam War had a greater direct influence.)
7. F
8. T
Unit 12 9. T
10. T
Reading Selection 1: Anthropology
“The Sacred ‘Rac’” Critical Reading (page 326)
Comprehension (pages 318–19) 1. a. V b. X c. N d. B

1. the Asu
2. They live on the American continent north of the
Tarahumara of Mexico. Answers will vary.
3. T
4. The cost is so high because of the long period of training Vocabulary from Context
the specialist must undergo and the difficulty of obtain-
ing the right selection of magic charms.
5. T 1. unique: one of a kind
6. It may be used as a beast of burden. 2. diversity: variety; difference, usually concerning race,
7. The Asu must build more paths for the rac; the Asu must religion, or another characteristic
pay high taxes; some Asu must move their homes. 3. manage: direct; control; take responsibility for
8. F 4. realization: understanding; insight; discovery
9. The rac kills thousands of the Asu a year. 5. generational: of or characteristic of the same age; this term
10. T is sometimes used to describe traits of people who were
11. car born about the same time

6. challenges: difficulties; tests of ability 2. KIPPERS is an acronym (a word formed by combining
7. coincidence: something that happens by accident, by the first letter or letters of a phrase or compound term)
chance, without planning for the phrase Kids In Parents’ Pockets Eroding Retire-
8. resentment: anger; unhappiness that stays with a person ment Savings. KIPPERS captures the idea that Twixters
9. enmity: anger; prolonged hatred are supported financially by their parents. Kippers are
10. alliances: groups with common interests; close also a common British food, a type of newly mature male
relationships fish.
11. prosperity: good fortune; wealth 3. They made a new word based on two foreign words, free
12. scarcity: insufficient supply; not enough of something (English) and arbeiter (German, meaning worker). In
13. optimism: tendency to expect the best; confidence in the Japan, freeter is used to describe a part-time worker who
future moves from job to job and is sometimes unemployed.
14. harmony: agreement; happiness; feelings of good will This type of worker does not fit the traditional Japanese
and cooperation model of a successful adult, someone who has a perma-
nent, full-time job.
1. stunning Discussion/Composition (page 335)
2. encompass
Answers will vary.
3. formative
4. adept
Selection 3A: Family Narrative
Exercise 3 (page 330) “The Circuit”
1. gulf: distance; difference Comprehension (page 337)
2. rift: gap; break; disagreement; distance
3. social demographers: people who study human popu-
2. T 4. T
lations, especially patterns of birth, death, distribution,
3. T 5. T
etc.
4. cohort: a group of people united by common interests
or characteristics
5. dotage: old age (The term refers to mental decline.) 1. a. California (near Fresno). Summer and fall.
6. challenged: confronted; questioned b. F d. F f. F
c. T e. F
Dictionary Study (page 330–31) 2. Panchito is about 11 years old. His family consists of his
father and mother, his older brother Roberto, himself,
1. pitted against: definition a
and little brothers and sisters.
2. causes: definition c
3. F
3. anchored: definition b
5. T
6. F
1. confronted 7. The family would get in trouble for not having the boys
2. hungering for attend school. The boys might be forced to go to school
3. preferences and not be able to work to help the family.
4. laid down the law 8. Panchito describes picking grapes as worse than picking
5. breathing down my neck strawberries.
9. F
Reading Selection 2B: Social Trends 10. T
“Parlez-Vous Twixter?” 11. T
12. At lunchtime, Panchito studied English with Mr. Lema.
1. F
2. T Discussion/Composition (page 342)
3. F
Answers will vary.
4. nest: definitions 1, 2, 4
squat: definition 3
5. The article mentions “Mamma’s cooking,” which might
be seen as a metaphor for being taken care of. Exercise 1 (page 343)
1. universal: shared by everyone in the world; common
Vocabulary (page 334)
to all
1. A boomerang is a curved piece of wood thrown as a 2. themes: topics
hunting weapon by the native people of Australia. It 3. intense: strong; powerful; emotional
returns to the person who threw it, just as Twixters return 4. tumultuous: not calm or orderly; disorderly; stormy
to their parents’ homes. 5. touchstone: a test used to identify something; from

mining—a hard black stone that was used to test for 10. The quotation marks around subject indicate that
gold or silver by rubbing other stones on it the man strapped into the chair is not the real sub-
6. generations: groups of people of approximately the ject. The real subject is the person who administers
same age the shocks.
11–12. These items are intended to provoke discussion.
There is no single correct answer.
1. sharecropper 7. mattress
2. shack 8. savoring
3. jalopy 9. startled 1. Milgram wanted to determine the extent to which people
4. detect 10. held back would obey an experimenter’s commands to administer
5. spelled 11. taking roll painful electric shocks to another person.
6. dents, nicks 2. T
3. F
4. F
1. braceros: Mexican farm workers 5. This item is intended for discussion.
2. ya esora: Now is the time (to stop working). 6. F
3. listo: ready 7. The answer depends on your view of human nature. You
4. mi olla: my pot might agree with Milgram, who believed that few people
5. es todo: That’s all. have the resources needed to resist authority. On the
6. tienen que tener cuidado: You have to be careful. other hand, you might believe that people are sadistic
7. vámonos: Let’s go (home). and that they want to hurt other people.
8. quince: fifteen (a small amount of money) 8. a. T or F. You might answer true if you believe that the
9. carne con chile: chile with meat subjects were simply obedient and gave positive
10. corridos: a type of Mexican music evaluations. On the other hand, you might answer
false if you believe that the subjects rated the experi-
Descriptive Language (page 345) ment positive for another reason—if, for example,
they felt that they learned something.
1. a, b, d 4. d 7. c, d
b. T or F. Your answer might be either true or false
2. c, e 5. a, d
depending on your answer to 8a. If obedient subjects
3. b 6. a, d
merely continued to respond obediently to the
follow-up study, the answers would not reflect their
Vocabulary Review (page 346)
true feelings.
1. theme 6. nicks or dents 9. T or F. You might answer true if you consider Stanley
2. migrant 7. nicks or dents Milgram to be an ordinary person subject to the same
3. universal 8. jalopy pressures as the rest of us. On the other hand, you might
4. shack 9. generations answer false if you consider Milgram to have special
5. mattress knowledge about the experiment that he authored.
Selection 3B: Short Story Vocabulary from Context

“Fish Cheeks”
1. rationalizations: excuses; explanations that are based on
1. T 3. F 5. T 7. F 9. T 11. F logical reasoning, but are essentially false
2. F 4. F 6. T 8. F 10. T 12. F 2. simulation: imitation; artificial situation created to resem-
ble a real situation
Discussion/Composition (page 349) 3. banality: commonness; ordinariness
4. controversial: full of controversy; causing argument or
Answers will vary.
disagreement
5. ethical: having ethics; acting according to moral
principles or beliefs
Unit 13
Longer Reading: Psychology
1. atrocities 4. subject 7. sadistic
“The Milgram Experiment”
2. ingenious 5. contrived 8. debriefing
Comprehension 3. administer 6. virtually
1. F 4. T 7. F
1. by lot
2. F 5. F 8. F
2. a cross section
3. T 6. T 9. F
3. chilling

4. fringe of society Section 3, Comprehension (page 381)
5. has raged
1. She was the daughter of a schoolteacher in Beleghata.
The narrator had been told that she could cook, knit,
Discussion/Composition (pages 363–64)
embroider, sketch and recite poetry. She was 27 years old
Answers will vary. and did not have a fair complexion.
2. a. T
b. F
Unit 14 c. F
d. F
Longer Reading: Short Story e. F
“The Third and Final Continent”
Section 4, Comprehension (page 381)
In the morning the narrator would leave without seeing Mrs.
Answers will vary. Below is our point of view, but others are
Croft. Every night he sat next to her on the bench and said
defensible.
“Splendid!” about the astronauts on the moon. Then Mrs.
1. a. I
Croft would abruptly fall asleep, and the narrator would
b. I
retire.
c. L (possible I)
d. L Critical Reading (page 381)
e. L
f. I 1. She is presumably losing her memory.
g. I 2. The narrator is kind and thoughtful.
h. L
i. US Section 5, Comprehension (page 382)
j. US 1. He sat there from habit.
k. US 2. Instead of putting his rent check across the room as he
l. US was told, he insists on putting it into Mrs. Croft’s hand.
1. T
1. T 2. F
2. The noise was unbearable, and the room was stifling. 3. T
3. a. bold: C 4. F
soft-spoken: N 5. F
insulted: N 6. a. In paragraph 35, Helen says that she slips sometimes.
baffled: N b. Apparently not.
punctual: N 7. She believes it is improper for a man and a woman who
appears fierce: C are not married to be alone without a chaperone.
bellowing: C 8. She gave piano lessons.
commanding: C 9. F
b. Answers will vary.
He worries that something would happen to Mrs. Croft in
1. He knew what food he bought and ate, and he had an the middle of the night or when he was out during the day.
evening routine of reading the local newspaper. He He worried that if something happened, he would be blamed.
couldn’t entirely adjust to the room since it was so noisy
and didn’t have much fresh air. Critical Reading (page 383)
2. We assume he doesn’t feel that he has to, or isn’t willing
Answers will vary. But clearly the narrator cares about Mrs.
to, change all the terms he uses in order to adjust.
Croft, worries about her, and feels protective of her. When he
3. He leaves early, he wears a coat and tie, and he uses
moves out, he is “disappointed” that she shows no emotion.
mouth wash. He is also aware that he has never lived in
the home of a person who was not Indian.
4. Among the details are the following: She has “snowy
white hair”; she speaks loudly (presumably because she is 1. F
deaf ); her hands are swollen, with yellow nails; her face is 2. T
so battered she almost looks like a man. 3. F
4. F
5. T

Critical Reading (page 383) He would come to have a wife and child, and their
wellbeing would be his concern.
1. Soon he will be responsible for an Indian woman adjust-
(49) speaking Bengali for the first time in America
ing to America, and perhaps someday for a child.
At the end, they still speak Bengali at home.
2. He is disappointed that Mrs. Croft showed no emotion
(51) Another thing I had not yet done in America
at his leaving.
At the end, the family eats with their hands when
they are at home.
(62) for the first time since her arrival, we felt sympathy
But this is presumably not the last time; we assume
1. a. T they become a sympathetic couple.
b. F (63) for the first time, we looked at each other and smiled
c. F At the end he says that Mala has become “happy and
d. F strong.”
e. F (64) we were not yet fully in love
f. T “Not yet” tells us that in the future they become fully
g. F in love.
2. F
3. T Discussion/Composition (page 386)
4. F
Answers will vary.
1. Answers will vary. You might point to such things as the
fact that this was the first time that the narrator had seen
Mala laugh; they now had a shared experience; the narra- 1. crammed into: crowded into; forced in tightly; packed
tor could see Mala’s kindness. into
2. We don’t know for certain. Perhaps because Mala is 2. adjust to: get used to; adapt to; become accustomed to
wearing a long dress, and Mrs. Croft hates miniskirts. 3. duty: something one is expect or required to do
4. intolerable: unbearable; unendurable; insupportable;
Section 10, Comprehension (page 385) painful; impossible to endure
5. distracting: disturbing; making it hard to think or con-
1. Answers may include such things as the following. They
centrate
become fully in love; they are able to give each other
6. commanding: strong; authoritative; dominating; as
pleasure and solace; they are American citizens; they have
though one is in command
decided to grow old in the United States; they have a son
7. fierce: strong and wild, often used to describe animals
at Harvard; Mala no longer drapes her sari.
such as lions
2. The son has the same ambition in his eyes. In contrast,
8. awkward: uncomfortable; embarrassing
his father is still living; his mother is happy and strong.
9. baffled: confused; bewildered; perplexed; puzzled
10. offended: insulted; has hurt feelings
11. insulted: offended; has hurt feelings
Like the astronauts, the narrator has traveled to a new world. 12. admires: respects
He is bewildered by how far he has come. Realizing he has 13. inevitably: certainly; without doubt
traveled across three continents, and seen so much, it is 14. abruptly: suddenly; unexpectedly; without warning
“beyond [his] imagination.” 15: oblivious: not aware of, unmindful of
16. chaperone: generally an older a person who accompanies
Sections 1–10, Critical Reading (page 385) unmarried couples
17. chaste: pure; innocent; nonsexual
Students will work with these phrases. Numbers in parenthe-
18. vulnerable: easily hurt; weak; at risk; defenseless
ses indicate the paragraphs in which they are found.
19. vigorous: strong; energetic; forceful
(4) this was my first meal in America
20. imperious: commanding; domineering; authoritative;
He would eat many meals.
overbearing
(7) I had never lived in the home of a person who was not
21. fair complexion: light skin
Indian
22. spinsterhood: being a woman and unmarried beyond the
Presumably he had contact with many non-Indians in
usual age for marrying (generally a negative term).
the course of his life in the U.S.
23. console: comfort; reassure; lessen sadness or grief
(20) It was the first time I had announced this fact [that he
24. sari: a traditional Indian dress; a garment worn by Indian
was married] to anyone
women that is made by wrapping cloth around the body.
He would say it throughout his life.
25. stroller: a small baby carriage; a carriage (often collapsible)
(45) assumed an intimacy we had not yet discovered.
in which small children are pushed.
If they had not yet discovered it, that means they did.
26. startled: surprised; alarmed; suddenly shocked
(47) would soon be my concern
27. sedately: calmly and quietly; in a dignified manner

28. placidly: peacefully; calmly; quietly; undisturbed (like Exercise 4 (page 389)
calm water)
1. shabby
29. stunned: amazed; astonished; shocked; very surprised
2. miracle
30. scrutinizing: carefully examining
3. mortified
31. disdain: disrespect; looking down upon her; contempt
4. accuse me of negligence
32. obituary: notice of the death of a person
5. awe
33. stricken: shocked; deeply affected (with grief )
6. object to
34. admired: respected
7. all but obscured
35. ambition: strong desire for achievement
8. obstacle
Exercise 2 (page 388–89)
1. stifling: without fresh air; suffocating
2. glancing: looking quickly or briefly 1. noun 3
3. mapped: made the pattern of a map 2. verb used without object 3
4. boarder: a lodger; someone who rents a room (usually this 3. verb used without object 1 (possibly 2)
term means someone who gets meals, but this doesn’t
seem to be the case here). Stems and Affixes (page 391)
5. electrifying: exciting or shocking
1. c
6. hollering: shouting; calling loudly; yelling
2. e
7. salutation: greeting
3. d
8. retreated: went back; moved back; retired
4. a
Exercise 3: Figurative Language and Idioms (page 389) 5. b
1. a string of men: many men; a series of men
Vocabulary Review (pages 391–92)
2. to her face: said directly to her
3. sent you packing: threw you out; made you pack your 1. b
bags and leave 2. c
4. pave his way: create a path for himself; create a future 3. a
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. b
8. a
9. c
10. a

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What are some of the vocabulary words and their definitions discussed in the passage?

What are some of the vocabulary words and their definitions discussed in the passage?

What are some examples of figurative language used in the passage?

What are some examples of figurative language used in the passage?

Answer Key

Unit 1 Reading for Thorough Comprehension (page 5)

2 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 7–12

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 13–16 · 3

Word Study: Stems and Affixes Critical Reading (pages 31–32)

4 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 18–34

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 35–44 · 5

6 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 45–54

Web Work (page 63)

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 54–63 · 7

8 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 63–85

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 83–100 · 9

Reading Selection 1B: Textbook Vocabulary Review (page 108)

Discussion/Composition (page 104)

10 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 100–108

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 112–19 · 11

12 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 120–132

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 134–54 · 13

14 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 155–65

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 166–74 · 15

16 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 175–83

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 183–207 · 17

18 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 207–16

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 216–25 · 19

20 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 226–37

Word Study: Stems and Affixes

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 238–48 · 21

Sentence Study: Comprehension Ingo Potrykus Creator of a GM He sees GM crops as a

Monsanto GM food It makes and sells GM

22 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 248–63

Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (pages 266–67)

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 263–67 · 23

24 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 267–76

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 276–84 · 25

Vocabulary Review (page 286)

26 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 284–302

Comprehension (pages 318–19) 1. a. V b. X c. N d. B

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 303–329 · 27

28 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 329–43

Selection 3B: Short Story Vocabulary from Context

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 343–63 · 29

30 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 363–83

ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 383–88 · 31

32 · ANSWER KEY TO PAGES 388–92

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