2 Communication & Signal
2 Communication & Signal
AND SIGNAL
SYSTEMS
1.0
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.1 General 3. Time Equipment
System clock and program equipment
1.3 Intrusion 1.1.1 Types of
(Burglar) Alarm Communication & Signal
System 1.1.2 Parts of the
Systems Communication & Signal
1.4 Sprinkler
Alarm 1. Surveillance and Signal Systems
Equipment
1.5 Industrial Fire, smoke and intruder detection 1. Detectors
Building
Security
and alarm systems
System 2. Control Unit or Panel
In general, all signal systems require
1.6 Television a surveillance system to process 3. Alarm Devices
Antenna information including transmitting it
System and a means of indicating the signal, 4. Wiring or Circuitry
either audibly, visually or
1.7 Sound
Amplifying
permanently on “hard copy”.
Systems or
Public Address 2. Audio and Visual
System Communication Equipment
telephone, intercom, public TV and
1.8 Telephone closed circuit television (CCTV)
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.2 Fire Alarm System b) Coded Manual Stations
System Each manual station is coded and
this code is received at the control
1.3 Intrusion 1.2.1 Types of Fire Alarm
(Burglar) Alarm
panel, processed and transmitted
Systems audibly on the system gongs. The
System
code usually comprises of 3 to 4
1.4 Sprinkler 1. Automatic System digits; the first number may identify
Alarm uses detectors to trigger the alarm the building number, the second the
system. building floor and the third the
1.5 Industrial individual station.
Building 2. Manual System
Security uses visual detection and the alarm
System
is triggered by hand.
1.6 Television
Antenna a) Non-Coded Manual Stations
System the station locations are not
identifiable at the control panel when
1.7 Sound it is manually triggered. An
Amplifying annunciation panel, however, can be
Systems or
added to the system, to convert
Public Address
System each station as a non-coded
indicating zone. Beyond 10 stations,
1.8 Telephone coding should be considered.
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.2.2 Detectors b) Rate-of-Rise Unit
System activates when the rate of ambient
1. Temperature Detector temperature differential exceeds a
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm the most common is the predetermined amount. This unit
System Temperature Detector called the may be combined with the fixed
“thermostat” temperature unit in a single housing
1.4 Sprinkler such as in the case of an automatic
Alarm a) Fixed Temperature Unit resetting unit.
1.5 Industrial
triggers a set of contacts when a
Building present temperature is reached.
Security This unit is available in a one-time
System non-renewable design that uses a
low melting alloy fusible plug.
1.6 Television
Antenna
System
1.5 Industrial
Building
Security
System
projector sensor
1.6 Television
Antenna 3. Ionization Detector
System
These detectors operate by
1.7 Sound detecting ionized particles in the air.
Amplifying They do not detect fires producing
Systems or heavy smoke but few particles such
Public Address as alcohol and plastic fires.
System
Photoelectric and Ionization
1.8 Telephone
and
Detectors are classed respectively
Intercommunica as early warning smoke and fire
tions Systems detection devices.
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.2.3 Control Unit or Panel
System
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
System
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm
System
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
System
1.4 Sprinkler
Alarm
1.5 Industrial
4. Dual Coded Systems 5. Selective Coded Systems
Building
Security This system is a combination of the This is a fully coded system in which
System non-coded and the zone coded all manual devices are coded and all
systems. When an alarm device automatic devices are arranged to
1.6 Television operates, it initiates two different trip code transmitters at the panel.
Antenna functions – an identifying coded
System alarm located in the maintenance 6. Pre-signal System
office and a continuous ringing When it is desired to alert only key
1.7 Sound
Amplifying
evacuation alarm for the whole personnel, a system called pre-
Systems or building. signaling is used, where it is also
Public Address selectively coded. The personnel
System can immediately investigate and turn
on the general alarm manually.
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.2.4 Alarm Devices
System
1.5 Industrial
Building 1.2.5 Circuit Design
Security
System
A system which is usually de-
1.6 Television energized and functions only when
Antenna activated is called an open circuit
System system. An open circuit system
which integrates a trouble light to
1.7 Sound indicate a malfunction is called a
Amplifying “supervised system”.
Systems or
Public Address
System
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.3 Intrusion (Burglar) 1.4 Sprinkler Alarm
System
Alarm System
1.3 Intrusion Water flow switches are installed to
(Burglar) Alarm Intrusion detection is similar to the monitor the flow of water in a
System fire detection system, except that sprinkler head and when triggered
instead of thermal detection, devices will trip a coded transmitter, setting
1.4 Sprinkler off a sprinkler code to show up on a
Alarm
such as metallic tape and micro- and
magnetic- switches are used to sprinkler annunciator board (called a
1.5 Industrial detect door and window motion and sprinkler alarm panel).
Building glass breakage. An eye or a laser
Security light beam may also be used to
System detect movement once blocked.
1.6 Television
Antenna
System
1.7 Sound
Amplifying
Systems or
Public Address
System
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.5 Industrial Building 2. Personnel Entry Control
System by use of a card reader
Security System
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
a) The first level is by simple
1. Door and Exit Controls
System insertion of a card by the holder to
These cover electrified security door
an electric device which grants entry
hardware that triggers an alarm
1.4 Sprinkler when a card is inserted into it for
Alarm
when a door is opened without
identification.
authorization, such as, in exterior
1.5 Industrial doors and doors to restricted areas.
Building
Security
System
1.6 Television
Antenna
System
1.7 Sound
Amplifying
Systems or
Public Address
System
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 3. Watchmen’s Tour Equipment
System this type of station allows a guard to
call in through an intercom and
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
permits a general alarm to ring
System through operation of a key.
1.4 Sprinkler
Alarm
1.5 Industrial
Building
Security
System
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.8 Telephone and
System
Intercommunications
1.3 Intrusion Systems
(Burglar) Alarm
System
1. The intercom
1.4 Sprinkler
system comprises
Alarm
one or more master
1.5 Industrial stations
Building (administrative) and
Security several remote
System stations (staff), one of
which monitors the
1.6 Television
front door. The master
Antenna
System station allows
selective calling while
1.7 Sound remote stations
Amplifying operating through the
Systems or masters are non-
Public Address selective.
System
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 2. The Private Automatic
System Branch Exchange or PABX is
based on solid-state technology,
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
thus the entire system can handle
System up to 500 lines and trunks, 4
operator consoles, and over 140
1.4 Sprinkler simultaneous conversations plus
Alarm full intercom facilities, all
occupying a cabinet 0.60 M x
1.5 Industrial 0.70M x 1.8 M. The operational
Building
features of this system include:
Security
System
• direct internal and external
dialing
1.6 Television
• consultation hold ( ability to hold
Antenna
an outside call while making an
System inside call)
• conference call capability for
1.7 Sound internal and external units
Amplifying • call transfer and camp-on feature
Systems or • automatic call back
Public Address • call forwarding
System • distinctive ringing for different
functions
1.8 Telephone • paging, executive priority,
and dictation access, personnel
Intercommunica location and other options
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.8.1 Elements of the 2. Protector
System generally required in residential
Telephone Installation telephone lines to protect against
1.3 Intrusion lightning. When a conduit entrance
(Burglar) Alarm 1. Service Entrance and an interior conduit system are to
System the service connection from a pole be installed, it is desirable to provide a
or other outside terminal location to cabinet to accommodate the protector
1.4 Sprinkler
Alarm
a point of entrance into the building usually a metal box of same type used
in electrical work. Located as close as
1.5 Industrial The service entrance may be: possible to the point of entrance, one
Building protector is required for each pair of
Security a) Overhead with overhead exposed telephone wires entering the building
System wires.
3. Main Terminal Cabinet or Room
1.6 Television The serviced wires end at the main
b) Underground with concealed
Antenna terminal cabinet. Small sized wall type
System underground wires in conduits. The
terminals are mounted to metal
service conduit is usually of rigid iron
cabinets attached to or recessed in
1.7 Sound same for electrical works. Minimum
walls or columns. Large sizes of wall
Amplifying size of service conduit is ½” round. type terminals and frame type
Systems or There should be a clearance of not
Public Address terminals (terminals mounted in frames
less than 6” between telephone accessible from both sides) should be
System
service conduit and the electric located in rooms which are intended
1.8 Telephone conduit. for the purpose and constructed of fire
and resisting materials.
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm
System
Protector
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
System
1.4 Sprinkler
Alarm
1.5 Industrial
Building
Security
System OVERHEAD
1.6 Television
Antenna
System
Protector
1.7 Sound
Amplifying
Systems or
Public Address
System
1.8 Telephone
and
UNDERGROUND
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 4. Vertical Riser Conduits or Riser Risers whether conduits or shafts,
System Shafts require central locations in relation
to floor area served. Buildings with
1.3 Intrusion a) Riser Conduits large floor areas or with floors so
(Burglar) Alarm are used in medium sized planned so as to result in two or
System
installations and consist of a series more distinct areas will probably
1.4 Sprinkler of metal cabinets called splicing need a separate riser for each area.
Alarm cabinets aligned vertically through
the building, one on each floor and 5. Splicing Cabinets or Splicing
1.5 Industrial connected by a vertical conduit. Closets
Building permit the riser cables in the riser
Security b) Riser Shafts shaft or conduit to be spliced or
System
are required for very large interconnected to the cables or
1.6 Television installations and consist of a series telephone wires to the various floors.
Antenna of individual full length
System interconnecting closets called 6. Floor Conduits
splicing closets which are aligned connects the splicing closets or
1.7 Sound vertically one on each floor and each cabinets into the distribution terminal
Amplifying fitted with a fire proof access door. cabinets and to floor ducts, wall
Systems or
Slots on the floor, forms a clear and outlets, etc.
Public Address
System broken opening from top to bottom
of the building.
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm
System
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
System DISTRIBUTION RISER
CABINET SHAFTS
1.4 Sprinkler
Alarm WALL
OUTLET
1.5 Industrial RISER
Building CONDUITS
Security
System
1.6 Television
Antenna SPLICING
System FLOOR CABINET
CONDUITS
1.7 Sound
Amplifying
Systems or
Public Address MAIN TERMINAL
System TELEPHONE CABINET
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.8.2 Types of Telephone 2. Small Business Multiple-Line
System Phones. A small business that has
System
moderate-to-large phone traffic will
1.3 Intrusion
(Burglar) Alarm
need a phone system that can
1. Single-Line Phones. These are
System handle all calls efficiently. A multiple-
basic telephones, just like the ones
line phone with two or more
in an average home, that can be
1.4 Sprinkler extensions (depending on how many
Alarm
bought at an appliance store and
people are in the office), along with
have no additional extensions, no
a digital line hookup, can manage a
1.5 Industrial transfer capabilities, and are analog
small office effectively. A voice mail
Building units that hook up directly into a jack
system with 2-10 ports can be used
Security in the wall. These are best in home
System to keep the office from missing
offices or businesses that do not
phone calls.
need multiple lines. Additional
1.6 Television 3. Large Business Multiple-Line
features can be added through your
Antenna Calls. A business that has over 50
System local phone company, such as call
employees with a large number of
waiting and three-way calling. If you
phone calls needs a large phone
1.7 Sound prefer not to utilize your phone
system, one that can hold up to
Amplifying company's voice mail service, an
Systems or hundreds of outside lines, with an
answering machine can be
Public Address even larger number of extensions.
purchased to handle missed phone
System Through this phone system, one or
calls.
more T1 lines (see below) are
1.8 Telephone necessary to effectively handle the
and load, and the voice mail system will
Intercommunica
tions Systems
need a large number of ports.
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.8.2 Types of Phone Lines If your phone system has either of
System these, and your business is not big
enough to merit the use of a T1 line,
1.3 Intrusion Analog. An analog line has four
then a digital line is for you. In an
(Burglar) Alarm grooves on the center of the
industrial building, however, most (not
System connector, in which the middle two
all) PBX's can connect to digital lines,
conductors, known as the "tip" and the
so confirm this with building operations
1.4 Sprinkler "ring", connect a phone line, while the
before trying to run a digital line.
Alarm outer two would be for a second line.
All modems require an analog line.
1.5 Industrial Phone lines that are in an industrial T1. This is a powerful phone line that
Building building will connect to a PBX, a acts as a tube to funnel information at
Security telephone switch within the building, a fast rate. A T1 line consists of 24
System and analog lines always work on a channels, each channel handling
PBX. If you are using phones that do 64,000 bits per second. Each channel
1.6 Television can be configured to your
not have multiple lines or digital
Antenna specifications, whether it is for voice
System displays, then an analog line will work
for your system. mail or data traffic. In business, T1's
are popular as a leased line, which
1.7 Sound
Digital. A digital line has 6-8 grooves means that they are a permanent
Amplifying
on its connector, and is used for telephone connection set up between
Systems or
Public Address phones with multiple lines and phones two points (for example, if your
System with digital status indicators. business has offices in different
buildings in a business complex, a T1
1.8 Telephone connection would be necessary for
and direct access). T1 leased lines are
Intercommunica always an active line between the two
tions Systems places.
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.8.2 Phone System Individual Units. For each person
System who will have an extension in your
Hardware office, an individual phone will be
1.3 Intrusion needed. An individual unit can have
(Burglar) Alarm PBX Server. The PBX server is a multiple lines, but depending on the
System private telephone switchboard that number of employees your company
serves a designated group of users has, each unit may not have all of the
1.4 Sprinkler (like a building). The server provides
Alarm lines available to them. Everybody in
on-premises dial service and can the company does not need to have a
provide local and trunked phone unit that has all incoming lines
1.5 Industrial
communication network connections. available, as this could reach up to
Building
Security several hundred lines in a large
System The Control Unit. A control unit is company.
the nerve center of a phone system
1.6 Television within your office, where all of the IP Telephony. This is the latest
Antenna individual lines connect and all calls technology in phone systems, where
System get routed. While a residential phone your server would run through your
line may be hooked up to an analog computer network. One of the options
1.7 Sound service, a small business server is of this is a PBX server on a disk. One
Amplifying usually handled digitally, with larger
Systems or of the early problems with this system
businesses requiring a T1 line. is that other systems on your network
Public Address
Depending on the size of your (e.g., a printer) may clog up your
System
company and the telephone usage of system, causing phone calls to be
1.8 Telephone your business, this will decide whether missed because they can not get
and analog or digital would be best. through the system. This is a problem
Intercommunica that should be fixed within the next
tions Systems couple of years.
1.1 General 1.0 COMMUNICATIONS & SIGNAL SYSTEMS
1.2 Fire Alarm 1.8.2 Phone System Call Attendant. A call attendant
System handles all phone calls directly before
Features transferring the calls to extensions.
1.3 Intrusion Through this, a list of all employees'
(Burglar) Alarm Call Waiting Or Multiple extensions can be given (allowing
System Lines. Depending on the system that callers to transfer to the right
you use, your phone may either have extension), calls can be put on hold if
1.4 Sprinkler call waiting or multiple lines. If all lines are busy, or could send calls
Alarm individual units only have one line, to voice mail if the extension
then call waiting is necessary to keep transferred to does not answer. A call
1.5 Industrial lines clear. Multiple lines avoid this attendant is set up to even play
Building problem, as long as calls on each line background music while callers are on
Security can be put on hold.
System hold.
1.8 Telephone
and
Intercommunica
tions Systems
COMMUNICATIONS
AND SIGNAL
SYSTEMS
END