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    Research in A R-WPS Office

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    Lynlyn Bagacina
    The document discusses research design, which outlines how research should be conducted in a logical manner to efficiently address the research problem. It explains that research design determines the type of research (e.g. experimental, survey), data collection methods, measurement tools, and data analysis approach based on the research technique and problem. An effective research design minimizes bias and increases trust in the findings. There are four key characteristics of research design - neutrality, reliability, validity, and generalizability. Research design can be qualitative or quantitative, and includes descriptive, experimental, correlational, diagnostic, and explanatory types.

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    Research in A R-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    Lynlyn Bagacina
    191 views2 pages
    The document discusses research design, which outlines how research should be conducted in a logical manner to efficiently address the research problem. It explains that research design determines the type of research (e.g. experimental, survey), data collection methods, measurement tools, and data analysis approach based on the research technique and problem. An effective research design minimizes bias and increases trust in the findings. There are four key characteristics of research design - neutrality, reliability, validity, and generalizability. Research design can be qualitative or quantitative, and includes descriptive, experimental, correlational, diagnostic, and explanatory types.

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    Research in a R-WPS Office

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    The document discusses research design, which outlines how research should be conducted in a logical manner to efficiently address the research problem. It explains that research design determines the type of research (e.g. experimental, survey), data collection methods, measurement tools, and data analysis approach based on the research technique and problem. An effective research design minimizes bias and increases trust in the findings. There are four key characteristics of research design - neutrality, reliability, validity, and generalizability. Research design can be qualitative or quantitative, and includes descriptive, experimental, correlational, diagnostic, and explanatory types.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    191 views2 pages

    Research in A R-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    Lynlyn Bagacina
    The document discusses research design, which outlines how research should be conducted in a logical manner to efficiently address the research problem. It explains that research design determines the type of research (e.g. experimental, survey), data collection methods, measurement tools, and data analysis approach based on the research technique and problem. An effective research design minimizes bias and increases trust in the findings. There are four key characteristics of research design - neutrality, reliability, validity, and generalizability. Research design can be qualitative or quantitative, and includes descriptive, experimental, correlational, diagnostic, and explanatory types.

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    of 2

    research in a reasonably logical manner so that the research problem is efficiently

    handled. It provides insights about “how” to conduct research using a particular


    methodology. Every researcher has a list of research questions which need to be
    assessed – this can be done with research design.

    The sketch of how research should be conducted can be prepared using research
    design. Hence, the market research study will be carried out on the basis of
    research design.

    The design of a research topic is used to explain the type of research


    (experimental, survey, correlational, semi-experimental, review) and also its sub-
    type (experimental design, research problem, descriptive case-study). There are
    three main sections of research design: Data collection, measurement, and analysis.

    The type of research problem an organization is facing will determine the research
    design and not vice-versa. Variables, designated tools to gather information, how
    will the tools be used to collect and analyze data and other factors are decided in
    research design on the basis of a research technique is decided.

    An impactful research design usually creates minimum bias in data and increases
    trust on the collected and analyzed research information. Research design which
    produces the least margin of error in experimental research can be touted as the
    best. The essential elements of research design are:

    Accurate purpose statement of research design


    Techniques to be implemented for collecting details for research
    Method applied for analyzing collected details
    Type of research methodology
    Probable objections for research
    Settings for research study
    Timeline
    Measurement of analysis
    Research Design Characteristics
    There are four key characteristics of research design:

    Neutrality: The results projected in research design should be free from bias and
    neutral. Understand opinions about the final evaluated scores and conclusion from
    multiple individuals and consider those who agree with the derived results.

    Reliability: If a research is conducted on a regular basis, the researcher involved


    expects similar results to be calculated every time. Research design should
    indicate how the research questions can be formed to ensure the standard of
    obtained results and this can happen only when the research design is reliable.

    Validity: There are multiple measuring tools available for research design but
    valid measuring tools are those which help a researcher in gauging results
    according to the objective of research and nothing else. The questionnaire
    developed from this research design will be then valid.

    Generalization: The outcome of research design should be applicable to a population


    and not just a restricted sample. Generalization is one of the key characteristics
    of research design.

    Types of Research Design


    A researcher must have a clear understanding of the various types of research
    design to select which type of research design to implement for a study. Research
    design can be broadly classified into quantitative and qualitative research design.

    Qualitative Research Design: Qualitative research is implemented in cases where a


    relationship between collected data and observation is established on the basis of
    mathematical calculations. Theories related to a naturally existing phenomenon can
    be proved or disproved using mathematical calculations. Researchers rely on
    qualitative research design where they are expected to conclude “why” a particular
    theory exists along with “what” respondents have to say about it.

    Quantitative Research Design: Quantitative research is implemented in cases where


    it is important for a researcher to have statistical conclusions to collect
    actionable insights. Numbers provide a better perspective to make important
    business decisions. Quantitative research design is important for the growth of any
    organization because any conclusion drawn on the basis of numbers and analysis will
    only prove to be effective for the business.

    Further, research design can be divided into five types –

    1. Descriptive Research Design: In a descriptive research design, a researcher is


    solely interested in describing the situation or case under his/her research study.
    It is a theory-based research design which is created by gather, analyze and
    presents collected data. By implementing an in-depth research design such as this,
    a researcher can provide insights into the why and how of research.

    2. Experimental Research Design: Experimental research design is used to establish


    a relationship between the cause and effect of a situation. It is a causal research
    design where the effect caused by the independent variable on the dependent
    variable is observed. For example, the effect of an independent variable such as
    price on a dependent variable such as customer satisfaction or brand loyalty is
    monitored. It is a highly practical research design method as it contributes
    towards solving a problem at hand. The independent variables are manipulated to
    monitor the change it has on the dependent variable. It is often used in social
    sciences to observe human behavior by analyzing two groups – affect of one group on
    the other.

    3. Correlational Research Design: Correlational research is a non-experimental


    research design technique which helps researchers to establish a relationship
    between two closely connected variables. Two different groups are required to
    conduct this research design method. There is no assumption while evaluating a
    relationship between two different variables and statistical analysis techniques
    are used to calculate the relationship between them.

    Correlation between two variables is concluded using a correlation coefficient,


    whose value ranges between -1 and +1. If the correlation coefficient is towards +1,
    it indicates a positive relationship between the variables and -1 indicates a
    negative relationship between the two variables.

    4. Diagnostic Research Design: In the diagnostic research design, a researcher is


    inclined towards evaluating the root cause of a specific topic. Elements that
    contribute towards a troublesome situation are evaluated in this research design
    method.

    There are three parts of diagnostic research design:

    Inception of the issue


    Diagnosis of the issue
    Solution for the issue
    5. Explanatory Research Design: In exploratory research design, the researcher’s
    ideas and thoughts are key as it is primarily dependent on their personal
    inclination about a particular topic. Explanation about unexplored aspects of a
    subject is provided along with details about what, how and why related to the
    research questions.

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