Effective for examination from 2020

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 1

Changes to Syllabus effective from 2020
The changes in this Assessment Syllabus are;

Syllabus Content
The syllabus content has not changed, but the core and extended specific objectives have been
combined to make the specific objectives.

Structure of Assessment
The assessment structure has not changed, however, the Theory paper, the Practical Test and the
Alternative to Practical paper have been renumbered.
The papers are now:
Paper 1: Multiple Choice
Paper 2: Theory
Paper 3: Practical Test
Paper 4: Alternative to Practical

Reporting
The Grade descriptors have been revised to make them communicate better.
The grade descriptors for F have been replaced by grade descriptors for E.

Assessment Grid
The relationship between the assessment objectives and components is more detailed showing the
number of marks for each assessment objective per component.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 2

CONTENTS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT 5

2.1 THE COMPONENTS 5

2.2 AVAILABILITY 6

2.3 COMBINING THIS SYLLABUS WITH OTHER SYLLABUSES 6

3 SYLLABUS AIMS AND ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES 7

3.1 AIMS 7

3.2 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES 8

3.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES AND COMPONENTS 10

4 CONTENT 11

5 OTHER INFORMATION 30

5.1 GRADING AND REPORTING 30

5.2 GRADE DESCRIPTORS 30

6 APPENDICES 32

A: MATHEMATICAL SKILLS 32

B: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES SYMBOLS AND UNITS 33

C: GLOSSARY OF TERMS 34

D: PRESENATTION OF DATA 36

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 3

 1. Introduction

As part of the Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education, this Physics Assessment
Syllabus is designed to assess the outcome of instruction for candidates who have completed a
course based on the Senior Secondary Physics Teaching Syllabus.

This syllabus aims to assess positive achievement at all levels of ability. Candidates will be
assessed in ways that encourage them to show what they know, understand and can do, and
which provide opportunities to articulate their insights, perceptions and responses.

This Physics Assessment Syllabus should be read in conjunction with the Senior Secondary
Physics Teaching Syllabus

Progression
The BGCSE is a general qualification that enables candidates to progress either directly to
employment or to proceed to further qualifications.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 4

 2. Scheme of Assessment

All candidates must take three papers; Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3 or Paper 4, which are
described below.
The questions will be based on the whole syllabus.

2.1 The components

All candidates must take:

Paper 1 1 hour Paper 2 1 hour 15 minutes

Multiple Choice Theory

A multiple-choice paper consisting of 40 items A written paper consisting of short-answer and

each with 4 options. structured questions.

The questions will test skills in Assessment The questions will test skills in Assessment
Objectives 1 (AO 1) and 2 (AO 2) and will be of Objectives 1 (AO 1) and 2 (AO 2) and will be
a difficulty appropriate to grades A to G. of a difficulty appropriate to grades A to G.

The paper will be weighted at 30% of the final 70 marks.

total mark
The paper will be weighted at 50% of the final
total marks

either: or:

Paper 3 2 hours Paper 4 1 hour

Practical Test Alternative to Practical Test

This paper will test Assessment Objective 3 This paper will test Assessment Objective 3
(AO 3). It is a laboratory based paper with (AO 3). It is designed to test familiarity with
questions covering experimental and laboratory equipment and procedures.
observational skills.
The paper will be of difficulty appropriate to
The paper will be of difficulty appropriate to grades A to G.
grades A to G.
30 marks.
30 marks.
The paper will be weighted at 20% of the final
The paper will be weighted at 20% of final total total mark.
mark

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 5

2.2 Availability

This syllabus is available to both school candidates and private candidates.

2.3 Combining this syllabus with other syllabuses

Candidates may not combine this syllabus in an examination series with the following:
 0568 Science Single Award
 0569 Science Double Award

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 6

 3. Syllabus Aims and Assessment Objectives

3.1 Aims
According to the Physics Teaching Syllabus, candidates following the syllabus should:

1. develop manipulative skills to assist them in solving technical and technological problems as
they relate to day-to-day life situations.

2. become confident citizens in a technological world to make informed decisions in matters of

scientific interest.

3. develop desirable attitudes and behavioural patterns in interacting with the environment in a
manner that is protective, preserving, developmental and nurturing.

4. develop an understanding of the applications of science and of the technological, economic,

ethical and social implications of these.

5. develop an understanding of the significance of information and communication technology in

the day-to-day life situations and the world of work.

6. acquire knowledge, attitudes and practices that will promote good family life and health
including awareness and management of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS practices that prepare
them for productive life.

7. develop positive attitudes such as open-mindedness, inventiveness, concern for accuracy and
precision, objectivity, integrity and initiative towards scientific skills

8. develop an interest in and an enjoyment of science and science related-work.

9. develop an understanding of key concepts and principles of science as they are experienced
in everyday life.

10. develop abilities and skills that are relevant to the study, safe practice and application of
science (such as experimenting and investigating).

11. develop problem solving, critical thinking, communication, inquiry and teamwork / interpersonal
skills to help them to be productive and adaptive to cope in a changing environment.

12. develop an appreciation of the role of science in improving the quality of life.

13. recognise the usefulness of science, and limitations of scientific method.

14. promote an awareness that the applications of science may be both beneficial and detrimental
to the individual, the community and the environment.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 7

3.2 Assessment Objectives

The main Assessment Objectives are:

AO1 Knowledge with Understanding
AO2 Handling Information and Problem Solving
AO3 Experimental Skills and Investigations

A description of each assessment objective is:

AO1 Knowledge with Understanding

Candidate should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

1. the concepts, laws, theories and principles of Science;

2. the vocabulary, terminology and conventions of Science, including symbols, quantities and
units;

3. applications of Science and of their technological, economic, environmental and social

implications;

4. the significance of information and communication technology in the day-to-day life and in the
world of work.

Questions assessing these objectives will often begin with words such as define, state, describe,
outline, etc.

AO2 Handling Information and Solving Problems

Candidates should be able to:

1. solve problems as they relate to day-to-day life, including some of a quantitative nature;

2. use information to identify patterns, report trends, draw inferences, make predictions and
propose hypotheses;

3. locate, select, organise and present information from a variety of sources;

4. translate information from one form to another;

5. manipulate numerical and other data;

6. present explanations for phenomena, patterns and relationships.

Questions assessing these objectives may contain information which is unfamiliar to candidates.
In answering such questions, candidates are required to take principles and concepts in the
syllabus and apply them to the situations described in the questions.

Questions assessing these objectives will often begin with words such as discuss, predict, suggest,
calculate, determine, etc.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 8

AO3 Experimental Skills and Investigations
Candidates should be able to:

1. follow a sequence of instructions;

2. use appropriate techniques, apparatus and materials;

3. handle instruments, apparatus and materials safely;

4. make and record observations, measurements and estimates;

5. interpret and evaluate observations and data;

6. plan investigations and / or evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements;

7. convert acquired skills into creative innovations;

8. apply knowledge and draw conclusions in practical situations.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 9

3.3 Relationship between Assessment Objectives and Components

The table shows the raw marks and the weighting of each skill area by component as well as the
total for each skill area in the overall assessment.

Marks for Skill Areas and Weightings in Paper Weighting of

Assessment Objectives AO in
Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4 qualification

recall 12 ± 2 (30 %) 22 ± 2 (30 %) – –

AO1: Knowledge
50 %
with Understanding
understanding 12 ± 2 (33 %) 22 ± 2 (33 %) – –

AO2: Handling Information and

15 (37 %) 26 (37 %) – – 30 %
Problem Solving

AO3: Experimental Skills – – 100 % 100% 20 %

Total Marks 40 70 30 30

Weighting of paper in overall

30 % 50 % 20 % 20 % 100 %
qualification

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 10

 4. CONTENT

This section presents the content as prescribed in the Physics Teaching Syllabus.

EXPERIMENTAL / INVESTIGATION SKILLS

TOPIC GENERAL OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Learners should Learners should
Experimental / apply basic skills for scientific investigation:
Investigation
Skills  using and organising apparatus and - follow a sequence of instructions
materials: - identify apparatus and materials useful for scientific activities
- practise accepted safety procedures
- apply appropriate techniques in manipulating laboratory equipment and materials

 collecting data - make observations using the senses

- collect qualitative and quantitative data
- measure and make estimations
- accurately record an observation
- record data on a table or chart or graphs
-- predict outcome of an event based upon previous observations
- identify relationships among phenomena
 handling experimental observations and - draw and interpret graphs or tables
data - interpolate or extrapolate conclusions when given appropriate data
- identify conditions which cause or influence change
- distinguish among independent, dependent or controlled variables
- draw conclusions
- comment, recognise anomalies and make modifications
- describe orally and in writing a sequence of events occurring in an experiment or
investigation

 apply basic process skills to problem - identify a problem

solving - plan for an investigation
- carry out an investigation
- evaluate investigations

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 1. GENERAL PHYSICS

General Objectives Specific Objectives

Topic
Candidates should be able to: Candidates should be able to:
1.1. Length and 1.1.1 perform accurate 1.1.1.1. state fundamental physical quantities and give their SI units.
Time measurement of 1.1.1.2. measure small lengths accurately using rulers, Vernier caliper and micrometer screw gauge.
length and time 1.1.1.3. identify sources of errors in measurement of length from a given measuring instrument.
1.1.1.4. measure time accurately using stop clock / watch.
1.1.1.5. estimate the accuracy of a given measuring instrument.
1.1.1.6. identify sources of errors in measurements of time.
1.1.1.7. determine the period of a pendulum.
1.2. Motion 1.2.1. show understanding of 1.2.1.1. define distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration.
motion and the 1.2.1.2. use simple equations to calculate speed, velocity, distance and acceleration.
relationship between 1.2.1.3. identify motion with uniform and non-uniform velocity.
the variables 1.2.1.4. identify uniformly accelerated and non-uniformly accelerated motion.
1.2.1.5. plot and interpret distance-time, speed-time graphs for uniform motion.
1.2.1.6. plot and interpret distance-time, speed-time graphs for non-uniform motion.
1.2.1.7. use equations of motion in simple calculation.
1.2.1.8. define g (acceleration due to gravity)
1.2.1.9. use g in solving problems on motion
1.2.1.10. state that acceleration of free fall for a body near earth is constant.
1.2.1.11. describe the motion of a body freely falling in air.
1.2.1.12. describe qualitatively the motion of objects falling in a liquid.
1.2.1.13. understand the meaning of the term “terminal velocity”.
1.3. Mass, Weight 1.3.1. show the relationship 1.3.1.1. demonstrate an understanding that mass is a measure of the amount of substance in a body.
and Centre of between mass, weight 1.3.1.2. define inertia and relate it to mass
Mass and centre of mass 1.3.1.3. define weight and its relationship to mass
1.3.1.4. measure mass and weight using appropriate balances
1.3.1.5. define centre of mass
1.3.1.6. determine centre of mass of plane laminas
1.3.1.7. perform and explain an experiment to determine the centre of mass of an irregular lamina
1.3.1.8. demonstrate and describe factors affecting the stability of objects

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1.4. Density 1.4.1. measure density of 1.4.1.1. define density.
various objects 1.4.1.2. determine densities of solids and liquids experimentally.
m
1.4.1.3. use the equation ρ = in simple calculations.
V
1.4.1.4. describe an experiment to determine the density of air.
1.4.1.5. use a hydrometer to measure densities of liquids.
1.5. Forces 1.5.1. show understanding of 1.5.1.1. demonstrate that force may cause change in shape/size of objects.
(a). effects on the effects of forces 1.5.1.2. determine the relationship between load and extension.
shape and size on shape and size of 1.5.1.3. plot, draw and interpret extension-load graphs and describe the associated experimental
objects procedure
1.5.1.4. recognise the significance of the term "Limit of Proportionality" for an extension -load graph and
use proportionality in simple calculations
1.5.1.5. describe quantitatively the extensions of elastic materials in series and parallel
(b). effects on 1.5.2. show understanding of
1.5.2.1. describe ways in which a force may cause change in the motion of a body.
motion the effects of force on
1.5.2.2. use the relationship F = ma in calculations.
motion
1.5.2.3. demonstrate the effects of friction on the motion of a body.
1.5.2.4. perform simple calculations in cases where there is friction.
1.5.2.5. describe the effects of centripetal force on the motion along curved paths.
1.5.2.6. state and use Newton’s laws of motion.

(c). turning effects 1.5.3. acquire knowledge on 1.5.3.1. describe the moment of a force in terms of its turning effect, including levers, and give everyday
of forces turning effects of examples
forces and appreciate 1.5.3.2. perform and describe an experiment to verify the principle of moments
their role in everyday 1.5.3.3. use the concept of moment of force in simple calculations
life 1.5.3.4. describe the effects of parallel forces on an object
1.5.3.5. determine the conditions of equilibrium for parallel forces
1.5.3.6. describe couples and give simple examples of couples in equilibrium and causing rotation .
1.6. Scalars and 1.6.1. distinguish between
1.6.1.1. define scalar and vector quantities and give examples
vectors scalar and vector
1.6.1.2. determine the resultant of any two vectors.
quantities
1.6.1.3. classify any physical quantity as a vector or a scalar.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 13

1.7. Energy, Work 1.7.1. acquire knowledge on 1.7.1.1. list various forms of energy and identify their sources.
and Power (a) sources of energy and 1.7.1.2. describe energy conversions and apply the principle of conservation of energy giving examples.
Energy their limitations 1.7.1.3. describe and express a qualitative understanding of processes by which energy is converted
from one form to another, including reference to;
(i) chemical/fuel energy (a re-grouping of atoms)
(ii) hydroelectric generation (emphasising the mechanical energies involved)
(iii) solar energy (nuclei of atoms in the Sun)
(iv) nuclear energy (fusion and fission)
(v) geothermal energy
(vi) wind energy
1.7.1.4. define kinetic and potential energy (mechanical).
1.7.1.5. use kinetic and gravitational potential energy in calculations involving energy conversions.
1.7.1.6. list major energy sources in Botswana.
1.7.1.7. describe the socio economic and environmental impact of each energy sources locally and
globally.
1.7.1.8. determine the efficiency of energy converters.
(b). Work 1.7.2. show the relationship 1.7.2.1. relate work done to the magnitude of a force and the distance moved and make calculations
between work, energy involving F x s
1.7.2.2. describe the relationship between work and energy
(c). Power 1.7.3 show the relationship 1.7.3.1. define power
between work and W
power 1.7.3.2. use the equation P = in simple calculations
t

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 14

1.8. Pressure 1.8.1. acquire knowledge on F
pressure and 1.8.1.1. relate pressure to force and area, using appropriate examples and the equation P =
A
appreciate the wide
1.8.1.2. describe the effects of atmospheric pressure
application of pressure
1.8.1.3. describe the simple mercury barometer and its use in measuring atmospheric pressure
in everyday life
1.8.1.4. use isobar patterns on weather charts and pressure (in millibars) to predict type of weather,
situations
including wind strength and direction
1.8.1.5. relate quantitatively the pressure beneath a fluid surface to depth and density of fluid, using
appropriate examples
1.8.1.6. use and describe the use to a manometer

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 15

 2. THERMAL PHYSICS

General Objectives Specific Objectives

Topic
Candidates should be able to: Candidates should be able to:
2.1. Simple kinetic 2.1.1 recognise the
molecular differences between
2.1.1.1. state the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
model of the three states of
matter matter
2.1.2. show understanding of 2.1.2.1. describe qualitatively, with relation to the forces and distances between molecules, the molecular
the molecular model structure of solids, liquids and gases
2.1.2.2. interpret the temperature of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules
2.1.2.3. interpret the pressure of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules
2.1.2.4. describe qualitatively the effect of a change of temperature on the pressure of a gas at constant
volume
2.1.2.5. show an understanding of the random motion of particles in a suspension
2.1.2.6. describe this motion (Brownian motion) in terms of random molecular bombardment
2.1.3. show understanding of 2.1.3.1. describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more energetic molecules from the surface of a
the term evaporation liquid
and its applications 2.1.3.2. demonstrate an understanding of how temperature, humidity, surface area and draught over a
surface influence evaporation
2.1.3.3. explain how evaporation causes cooling and give examples
2.1.3.4. give everyday applications of cooling by evaporation
2.1.4. acquire knowledge on
the behaviour of a 2.1.4.1. relate the change in volume of a gas to change in pressure applied to the gas at constant
fixed mass of a gas in temperature
relation to pressure 2.1.4.2. use the equation PV = constant at constant temperature in simple calculations
and volume

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 16

2.2. Thermal 2.2.1. understand the 2.2.1.1. describe and demonstrate the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
expansion of concept of thermal 2.2.1.2. show an appreciation of the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of solids, liquids and
matter expansion of matter gases
2.2.1.3. identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion
including thermostat
2.2.1.4. describe and show qualitatively the effect of a change of temperature on the volume of a gas at
constant pressure
2.2.1.5. show an understanding of absolute zero as the minimum possible temperature
2.2.1.6. relate the Kelvin scale to the Celsius scale
2.3. Measurement 2.3.1 demonstrate 2.3.1.1. appreciate how a physical property which varies with temperature may be used for the
of temperature understanding of the measurement of temperature e.g. thermal expansion and e.m.f.
concepts and 2.3.1.2. recognise the need for and identify fixed points of a temperature scale
instruments involved 2.3.1.3. demonstrate understanding of sensitivity, range and linearity
in the measurement of
2.3.1.4. describe the structure and action of liquid-in-glass thermometers (Laboratory and Clinical)
temperature
2.3.1.5. describe the structure and action of a thermocouple
2.3.1.6. show understanding of the use of a thermocouple for measuring high temperatures and those
which vary rapidly
2.4. Heat capacity 2.4.1 understand the 2.4.1.1. relate a rise in temperature of a body to an increase in internal energy (random thermal energy)
concept of heat
2.4.1.2. show understanding of the term heat capacity and specific heat capacity
capacity
2.4.1.3. perform and describe experiments to measure the specific heat capacity of solids and liquids
2.4.1.4. perform simple calculations related to heat capacity

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 17

2.5. Melting and 2.5.1. acquire knowledge on 2.5.1.1. describe melting/solidification and boiling/condensation in terms of energy input without a change
boiling the concepts of in temperature
melting and boiling 2.5.1.2. state the meaning of melting point and boiling point
2.5.1.3. state the difference between boiling and evaporation
2.5.1.4. sketch and interpret cooling curves
2.5.1.5. describe and appreciate the unusual expansion of water and its consequences
2.5.1.6. show understanding of the terms latent heat and specific latent heat
2.5.1.7. use the term latent heat and give a molecular interpretation of latent heat
2.5.1.8. relate the concept of latent heat to refrigeration.
2.5.1.9. describe an experiment to determine the specific latent heat for steam and for ice and make the
necessary calculations
2.6. Transfer of 2.6.1. acquire knowledge on 2.6.1.1. give a simple molecular account of heat transfer in solids
thermal energy heat transfer by 2.6.1.2. perform and describe experiments to demonstrate good and bad conductors of heat
conduction, 2.6.1.3. relate convection in fluids to density changes
convection and 2.6.1.4. perform and describe experiments to illustrate convection
radiation 2.6.1.5. show understanding of the term radiation (infrared)
2.6.1.6. perform and describe experiments to distinguish between good and bad emitters/absorbers of
heat.
2.6.2. acquire knowledge on
2.6.2.1. identify and explain some of the everyday applications of conduction, convection and radiation
the applications and
including Thermos flask, car cooling system, water heating system
consequences of
2.6.2.2. identify and explain some of the everyday consequences of conduction, convection and radiation
energy transfer
including cyclones, land and sea breezes, days and nights in deserts, typhoons, global warming
and the greenhouse effect

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 18

 3. PROPERTIES OF WAVES, INCLUDING LIGHT AND SOUND

General Objectives Specific Objectives

Topic
Candidates should be able to: Candidates should be able to:
3.1. General wave 3.1.1. acquire basic 3.1.1.1. describe wave motion
properties knowledge about 3.1.1.2. define the terms wave front, speed, frequency, wavelength and amplitude
wave motion 3.1.1.3. perform experiments to show:
(i) wave motion and wave front
(ii) relationship between speed, frequency and wavelength
3.1.1.4. use the wave equation v = f 
3.1.1.5. sketch and interpret displacement – time graphs
3.1.1.6. sketch and interpret displacement – distance graphs
3.1.2. recognise the
3.1.2.1. describe transverse and longitudinal waves and their nature
differences between
3.1.2.2. give examples of transverse and longitudinal waves
transverse and
3.1.2.3. demonstrate how transverse and longitudinal waves are formed
longitudinal waves.
3.1.3. use water waves to 3.1.3.1. demonstrate the formation of water waves
show reflection, 3.1.3.2. perform an experiment to show the effect of depth on the speed of a wave
refraction and 3.1.3.3. use a ripple tank to show and describe:
diffraction of waves. (i) reflection at a plane surface
(ii) refraction due to a change of speed.
3.2. Light 3.2.1. demonstrate
3.2.1.1. define reflection and give examples
understanding of
3.2.1.2. perform and describe an experiment to illustrate the laws of reflection.
reflection of light by
3.2.1.3. observe and describe the characteristics of images formed by plane surfaces.
plane and curved
3.2.1.4. construct ray diagrams to show images formed by plane mirrors
surfaces
3.2.1.5. give examples of uses of plane and curved mirrors
3.2.1.6. use the law i = r in reflection
3.2.1.7. perform measurements and calculations involving angles

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 19

3.2. Light 3.2.2. demonstrate 3.2.2.1. describe and perform experiments to demonstrate refraction of light through glass blocks
understanding of 3.2.2.2. use the terminology for the angles i and r in refraction and describe the passage of light through
refraction of light, total parallel-sided transparent material
internal reflection and
sin i
refractive index 3.2.2.3. use the equation = constant
sin r
3.2.2.4. give the meaning of refractive index
3.2.2.5. understand the terms real depth and apparent depth and use them to determine the refractive
index
3.2.2.6. give the meaning of critical angle
3.2.2.7. show understanding of total internal reflection and the formation of mirages
3.2.2.8. describe the action of optical fibres.
3.2.2.9. explain the formation of mirages
3.2.3. understand the action of
3.2.3.1. differentiate between the converging and diverging lenses
a thin lens on a beam of
3.2.3.2. describe the action of a thin lens on a beam of light
light
3.2.3.3. use and understand the meaning of the terms focal length, principal focus and principal axis with
respect to a thin converging lens
3.2.3.4. determine experimentally the focal length of a thin converging lens
3.2.3.5. draw ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of real and virtual images of an object by a thin
converging lens
3.2.3.6. use and describe the use of a single lens as a magnifying glass
3.2.3.7. describe the use of a single lens to form a real image, e.g. a camera, a projector, a photographic
enlarger
3.2.3.8. determine the magnification of a thin converging lens.
3.3. Electro- 3.3.1. show an understanding of
3.3.1.1. describe the main components of the electromagnetic spectrum
magnetic the main features of the
3.3.1.2. state and describe their methods of detection
spectrum electro-magnetic
3.3.1.3. state the uses, sources and side effects of the components of the electromagnetic spectrum.
spectrum
3.3.2. appreciate that all e.m.
3.3.2.1. state that all e.m. waves travel with the same high speed in vacuum
waves travel with the
3.3.2.2. state the magnitude of this speed
same high speed in
vacuum 3.3.2.3. use the wave equation c = f  in simple calculations

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3.4. Sound 3.4.1. understand how sound is
3.4.1.1. describe the production of sound by vibrating sources
produced
3.4.1.2. describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves and describe compression and rarefaction in
relation to pressure variations
3.4.2. recognise that sound 3.4.2.3. show understanding that a medium is required in order to transmit sound waves
waves require a medium 3.4.2.4. state the approximate range of audible frequencies for human beings and other animals
for their transmission 3.4.2.5. perform an experiment to determine the range of audible frequencies for human beings
3.4.2.6. state the uses of ultra-sonic sound waves
3.4.2.7. understand noise pollution
3.4.2.8. perform an experiment to determine the speed of sound in air and make necessary calculations
3.4.2.9. state the order of magnitude of the speeds of sound in gases, liquids and solids
3.4.2.10. perform simple calculations based on the speed of sound in gases, liquids and solids
3.4.3. understand reflection of 3.4.3.1. describe how the reflection of sound may produce an echo
sound waves 3.4.3.2. describe how multiple reflections may produce reverberations
3.4.4. understand the terms 3.4.4.1. perform an experiment to relate the loudness and pitch of sound to amplitude and frequency
pitch, loudness and respectively
quality of sound 3.4.4.2. describe the factors which influence the quality (timbre) of sound waves
3.4.4.3. describe the effect of multiple reflections of sound waves (acoustics) on the quality of sound

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 21

 4. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

General Objectives Specific Objectives

Topic
Candidates should be able to: Candidates should be able to:
4.1. Magnetism 4.1.1. understand simple
4.1.1.1. state the properties of magnets
phenomena of
4.1.1.2. distinguish between magnetic and non-magnetic materials
magnetism
4.1.1.3. describe the phenomenon of induced magnetism
4.1.1.4. describe different methods of magnetisation e.g. electricity, stroking,
4.1.1.5. describe different methods of demagnetisation e.g. electricity, hitting and heating
4.1.1.6. give an account of magnetic saturation
4.1.1.7. describe and demonstrate methods of detecting a magnetic field around a magnet
4.1.1.8. use a plotting compass to plot the field lines of a magnetic field of a bar magnet
4.1.1.9. distinguish between the magnetic properties of iron and steel
4.1.1.10. distinguish between the design and use of permanent magnets and electromagnets
4.1.1.11. give reasons for the choice of material for, and use of, magnetic screening
4.1.1.12. give examples of the use of magnetic materials.

4.2. Electricity 4.2.1. understand the concept

4.2.1.1. describe the phenomenon of electrostatic charging
of electric charge
4.2.1.2. perform simple experiments to show electrostatic charging
4.2.1.3. state the two types of charges, namely positive and negative
4.2.1.4. state that charge is measured in coulombs
4.2.1.5. demonstrate that unlike charges attract and that like charges repel
4.2.1.6. understand how the gold leaf electroscope is used to detect charge
4.2.1.7. understand the concept of discharging and relate it to occurrence of lightning
4.2.1.8. describe the design and use of a lightning conductor
4.2.1.9. describe an electric field as a region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force
4.2.1.10. state the direction of lines of force and describe simple field patterns
4.2.1.11. give an account of charging by induction e.g. touching and separation of charges
4.2.1.12. use the electron model to distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators and give
examples

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4.2. Electricity 4.2.2. understand the concept 4.2.2.1. perform simple experiments to show the relationship between flow of charge and current
of electric current 4.2.2.2. define electric current as the rate of flow of charge.
Q
4.2.2.3. use the equation I =
t
4.2.2.4. use and describe the use of an ammeter with different ranges including a milliampere range
4.2.3. understand the concept 4.2.3.1. understand that the e.m.f. is measured by the energy dissipated by a source in driving a charge
of electro-motive force
W
round a complete circuit (e.m.f = )
Q
4.2.3.2. state that the e.m.f of a source of electrical energy is measured in volts
4.2.3.3. give a definition of the volt [Energy / Charge (J / C)]
4.2.4. show an understanding 4.2.4.1. give an explanation of potential difference
of potential difference 4.2.4.2. state that the potential difference across a circuit component is measured in volts
4.2.4.3. use and describe the use of a voltmeter with different ranges
4.2.5. show an understanding 4.2.5.1. give an explanation of resistance
of resistance 4.2.5.2. state that resistance is measured in ohms
potentialdifference V
4.2.5.3. state that resistance = and use the equation R =
current I
4.2.5.4. perform and describe an experiment to determine resistance using a voltmeter and an ammeter and
make the necessary calculation
4.2.5.5. describe qualitatively the relationship between resistance, length and cross-sectional area.
4.2.5.6. use quantitatively the proportionality between resistance and the length and the cross-sectional
ρl
area of a wire (R = )
A
4.2.5.7. show understanding of internal resistance
4.2.6. show an understanding 4.2.6.1. sketch and interpret the V / I characteristic graphs for metallic (ohmic) conductors.
of V / I characteristic 4.2.6.2. sketch and interpret the V / I characteristic graphs for non-ohmic conductors
graph (Ohms Law) 4.2.6.3. appreciate the limitations of Ohm's law

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4.2. Electricity 4.2.7. show an understanding 4.2.7.1. identify circuit components and their symbols
of electric circuits 4.2.7.2. perform experiments using simple electric circuits
4.2.7.3. draw and interpret circuit diagrams
4.2.7.4. perform experiments to show that
(i) current is the same at every point in a series circuit
(ii) the sum of the p.d's in a series circuit is equal to the terminal p.d. across the source.
(iii) the current from the source is the sum of the currents in the separate branches of a parallel
circuit.
(iv) the p.d. across components in parallel is the same as the terminal p.d.
4.2.7.5. calculate the total resistance of two resistors in series
4.2.7.6. calculate the total resistance of two or three resistors in parallel
4.2.7.7. perform calculations involving components in different circuit combinations
4.3. Practical 4.3.1. appreciate the use of
4.3.1.1. state the use of electricity in heating, lighting machines, security, communication
electric electricity in everyday
4.3.1.2. use the equations P = VI, E = VIt
circuitry life situations
4.3.1.3. calculate the cost of using electrical appliances

4.3.2. understand the dangers

4.3.2.1. state the hazards of
of electricity
(i) damaged insulation
(ii) overheating of cables
(iii) damp conditions
(iv) overloading of sockets
4.3.2.2. explain how these hazards can be prevented
4.3.3. acquire knowledge on 4.3.3.1. show understanding of the use of fuses and fuse ratings
the safe use of 4.3.3.2. explain the need for earthing metal cases and for double insulation of electrical appliances
electricity in the home 4.3.3.3. give the meaning of the terms: live, neutral and earth
4.3.3.4. describe and correctly wire, a mains plug
4.3.3.5. understand simple lighting (including lamps in parallel), and ring-main circuits in the house
4.3.3.6. give the reason for connecting switches and fuses in live wires
4.3.3.7. describe the necessary diagnostic steps to be followed when there is an electrical fault in an
appliance

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4.4. Electromagnetic 4.4.1. understand the 4.4.1.1. perform and describe an experiment which shows that a changing magnetic field can induce an
effects concept of e.m.f. in a circuit
electromagnetic 4.4.1.2. state the factors affecting the magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
induction 4.4.1.3. show understanding that the direction of an induced e.m.f. opposes the change producing it (Lenz’s
law)
4.4.2. acquire basic
4.4.2.1. describe a simple form of an a.c. generator (e.g. rotating coil or rotating magnet) and the use of slip
knowledge on the
rings
operation of an a.c.
4.4.2.2. sketch and interpret a graph of voltage output against time for a simple a.c. generator
generator
4.4.3. acquire knowledge on
4.4.3.1. describe the structure of a basic iron-cored transformer as used for voltage transformations
the operation of a
4.4.3.2. describe the principle of operation of a transformer
Transformer
Vp Np
4.4.3.3. use the equations = and VpIp= VsIs (for 100% efficiency) in calculations
Vs Ns
4.4.3.4. perform experiments to demonstrate the difference between a step-up transformer and a step-down
transformer
4.4.3.5. describe the use of the transformer in high voltage transmission of electricity
4.4.3.6. discuss the energy loss in cables and transformers
4.4.3.7. give the advantages of high voltage transmission

4.4.4. show understanding of 4.4.4.1. perform and describe an experiment to show the pattern and direction of the magnetic field due to
the magnetic effect of currents in straight wires and in solenoids
a current 4.4.4.2. state the qualitative variation of the strength of the magnetic field over salient parts of the pattern
4.4.4.3. describe the effect on the magnetic field of changing the magnitude of the current
4.4.5. acquire knowledge on 4.4.5.1. describe the structure of a simple electromagnet
the structure and use 4.4.5.2. demonstrate the factors that affect the strength of an electromagnet
of electromagnets 4.4.5.3. describe applications of the magnetic effect of a current including the circuit and action of an electric
bell and a simple relay

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4.4. Electromagnetic 4.4.6. recognise that a current
4.4.6.1. perform and describe an experiment to show the force on a current-carrying conductor in a
effects carrying conductor
magnetic field, including the effect of reversing (i) the current, (ii) the direction of the field
experiences a force in a
4.4.6.2. determine the relative directions of force, field and current
magnetic field
4.4.6.3. describe the field patterns between parallel conductors carrying currents and relate these to the
forces which exist between the conductors

4.4.7. acquire basic 4.4.7.1. show understanding that a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect
knowledge on the and that the effect is increased by increasing; (i) the number of turns on the coil, (ii) the current
operation of a d.c. 4.4.7.2. relate this turning effect to the action of an electric motor
motor 4.4.7.3. construct a simple d.c. motor
4.4.7.4. describe and show understanding of the action of a split-ring commutator in a two-pole, single-
coil motor and the effect of a soft-iron cylinder between the poles of the magnet
4.4.7.5. state the uses of electric motors
4.4.8. show understanding of
the operation of a 4.4.8.1. describe the action of a microphone
microphone and a 4.4.8.2. describe the action of a loudspeaker (details of the cone will not be required)
loudspeaker 4.4.8.3. relate the use of microphones and loudspeakers to communication e.g. telephone receiver

4.5. Introductory 4.5.1. acquire basic

4.5.1.1. show understanding that charged particles are emitted by a hot metal filament and describe their
electronics knowledge on
deflection in electric fields and magnetic fields
thermionic emission
4.5.1.2. deduce that the particles emitted in thermionic emission are negatively charged and can be
identified as electrons
4.5.1.3. distinguish between the direction of flow of electron current and conventional current

4.5.2. understand the basic

4.5.2.1. describe in outline the basic structure and action of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (detailed circuits
structure and use of
are not required)
cathode-ray
4.5.2.2. use and describe the use of a cathode-ray oscilloscope to display wave forms.
oscilloscope
4.5.2.3. measure p.d's and short intervals of time (detailed circuits are not required)
4.5.2.4. relate the principle of the CRO to a TV set

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4.5. Introductory 4.5.3. acquire knowledge on
4.5.3.1. show understanding of the function of resistors in circuits
electronics action and use of circuit
4.5.3.2. use a given colour code for resistance values
components
4.5.3.3. show an appreciation of the need to choose components with suitable power ratings
4.5.3.4. describe the action of a variable potential divider (potentiometer)
4.5.3.5. describe the action of thermistors and light-dependent resistors and show understanding of their
use as input transducers
4.5.3.6. describe the action of a capacitor as an energy store and show understanding of its use in time
delay circuits
4.5.3.7. describe the action of a reed switch and reed relay
4.5.3.8. show understanding of the use of reed relays in switching circuits
4.5.3.9. recognise and show understanding of circuits operating as light sensitive switches and
temperature operated alarms (using a reed relay or other circuits)
4.5.4. understand the action
and use of diodes in 4.5.4.1. describe the action of a diode as a unidirectional conductor of electricity
electrical circuits 4.5.4.2. describe the use of diodes as rectifiers in a circuit

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus Page 27

 5. ATOMIC PHYSICS

General Objectives Specific Objectives

Topic
Candidates should be able to: Candidates should be able to:
5.1. Radioactivity 5.1.1. appreciate the
5.1.1.1. describe the process of radioactivity.
existence of radioactive
5.1.1.2. give examples of radioactive materials
emissions
5.1.1.3. state the dangers of exposure to radioactive emissions
5.1.1.4. describe the safe handling and storage of radioactive material in a laboratory
5.1.1.5. state that alpha, beta and gamma emissions can be emitted during the process of radioactivity
5.1.1.6. describe methods of detection of these emissions by Geiger-Muller tubes
5.1.1.7. show awareness of the existence of background radiation
5.1.2. understand the
5.1.2.1. show understanding that radioactive emissions occur randomly over space and time
characteristics of the
5.1.2.2. state, for each radioactive emission:
three emissions
(i) its nature
(ii) its relative ionising effect
(iii) its relative penetrating power
5.1.2.3. describe their deflection in electric and magnetic fields
5.1.2.4. interpret their relative ionising effects
5.1.3. describe the
5.1.3.1. describe the composition of the nucleus in terms of protons and neutrons
composition of the
5.1.3.2. use and explain the terms
nucleus
(i) proton number = atomic number (Z)
(ii) nucleon number = mass number (A)
A
5.1.3.3. use the term nuclide and the nuclide notation Z X
5.1.3.4. describe an isotope as nuclide with same Z but different A
5.1.3.5. give examples of isotopes and their uses

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5.1. Radioactivity 5.1.4. understand nuclear 5.1.4.1. state the meaning of radioactive decay as a process by which a heavy nuclide breaks down
reactions to smaller and more stable nuclides
5.1.4.2. use equations (involving symbols) to represent changes in the composition of the nucleus
when particles are emitted
5.1.4.3. distinguish between fission and fusion
5.1.4.4. describe chain reactions as applied in nuclear reactors
5.1.4.5. relate fusion to energy production in the sun
5.1.4.6. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these processes to provide energy
5.1.4.7. use the equation E = m c 2 in simple calculations
5.1.5. understand the term 5.1.5.1. define half-life as the time for half the original number of radioactive particles to decay
half-life 5.1.5.2. use half-life in simple calculations
5.1.5.3. plot and interpret decay curves
5.1.6. appreciate the uses and 5.1.6.1. state the uses of radioactive materials in industries, agriculture, medicine and production of
dangers of radioactive electricity
materials 5.1.6.2. describe the dangers of waste products of radioactive materials and give suggestions on
safer disposal of these waste products

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 5. OTHER INFORMATION

5.1 GRADING AND REPORTING

BGCSE results are reported on a scale of A* – G, A* being the highest and G the lowest.
Ungraded (U) indicates that the candidate’s performance fell short of the standard required for
grade G. Ungraded (U) will be reported on the statement of results but not on the certificate. The
letters Q (result pending) and X (no result) may also appear on the statement of results.

5.2 GRADE DESCRIPTORS

As a guide to what might be expected of a candidate, Grade Descriptors are given as follows.

A Grade A candidate should be able to:

• recall a wide range of scientific facts, concepts, principles and theories and use complex
scientific knowledge

• understand the relationship between complex scientific concepts and relate them to scientific
principles and theories in real life situations

• apply appropriate scientific knowledge and understanding, identify complex patterns, and
report trends from given information and draw appropriate conclusions and give
recommendations to novel situations

• translate abstract information from one form to another: process information from graphs,
tables and charts; represent information in the form of graphs, tables and charts

• make concise and complete experimental procedures (plan); critically discuss the plan;
generate hypotheses to solve a scientific problem, identify and deal with a wide range of
variables

• use appropriate apparatus and techniques safely and correctly; follow all given instructions to
perform an experiment

• make accurate observations; decide the level of precision needed in measurements and
record detailed experimental data; process data, make appropriate conclusions and
generalisations; identify and explain anomalous observation

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus for examination from 2020 Page 30

A Grade C candidate should be able to:

• recall a range of scientific facts, concepts, principles and theories and use scientific knowledge

• understand the relationship between scientific concepts and relate them to scientific principles
and theories in real life situations

• apply scientific knowledge and understanding, identify patterns, and report trends from given
information and draw relevant conclusions and give recommendation to simple situations

• translate information from one form to another: process information from graphs, tables and
charts; represent information in the form of graphs, tables and charts

• make concise and complete experimental procedures (plan); generate hypotheses to solve a
scientific problem and identify some key factors to vary and control

• use appropriate apparatus and techniques safely and correctly; follow most given instructions
to perform an experiment

• make accurate observations, measurements and record experimental data; process data,
make conclusions and generalisations; recognise when it is necessary to repeat observation
and measurement

A Grade E candidate should be able to:

• recall simple scientific facts, concepts, principles and theories and use simple scientific
knowledge

• understand the relationship between simple scientific concepts and relate them to simple
scientific principles and theories in real life situations

• apply simple scientific knowledge and understanding, identify patterns, and report trends from
given information and draw conclusions and give recommendation to familiar situations

• translate simple information from one form to another: process information from graphs, tables
and charts with some assistance; represent information in the form of graphs, tables and
charts

• make simple and complete experimental procedures (plan); devise a fair test which only
involves a few factors, generate hypotheses

• use basic apparatus and techniques safely and correctly; follow a few given instructions to
perform an experiment involving a few steps

• make simple observations; measurements and record experimental data; process data, make
conclusions where appropriate

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus for examination from 2020 Page 31

6. Appendices

A. MATHEMATICAL SKILLS

Candidates will be required to perform quantitative work, including calculations. They should be
able to use scientific calculators and mathematical instruments.

The mathematical requirements, which form part of this syllabus, are listed below.

add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers

recognize and use expression in decimal form

use simple formulae

understand and use averages

read, interpret and draw simple inferences from tables and statistical diagrams

find fractions or percentages of quantities

construct and interpret pie-charts

calculate with fractions, decimals, percentage or ratios

manipulate and solve simple equations

substitute numbers in simple equations

recognize and use expressions in standard form

interpret and use graphs

choose by simple inspection and then draw the best smooth curve through a set of points on a
graph
select appropriate axes and scales for plotting a graph

determine the intercept of a linear graph

understand and use direct and indirect proportion

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B. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES, SYMBOLS AND UNITS

Candidates will be required to demonstrate an understanding of the physical quantities, and their
corresponding SI units, listed below. They will be required to use them in quantitative work and
calculations.

physical quantity symbols SI unit(s) other unit(s)

length l, h metre (m) kilometre(km); centimetre (cm); millimetre (mm)
mass M, m kilogram (kg) gram (g); milligram (mg)
time t seconds (s) milliseconds (ms), minutes (min), hours (h)
temperature θ, T Kelvin (K) degree Celsius (oC)
current I ampere (A) milliampere (mA)

DERIVED QUANTITIES AND UNITS

physical quantity symbols unit(s)

area A cm 2; m 2
volume V cm 3; m 3
density  kg / m 3; g / cm 3
force F newton (N)
pressure P pascal (Pa); N / m 2; N / cm 2
speed u, v m / s; km / h
acceleration a m/s2
energy E joule (J); kilojoule (kJ); megajoule (MJ)
power P watt (W); kilowatt (kW); megawatt(MW)
frequency f hertz (Hz); kilohertz (kHz)
electrical charge Q, q coulomb (C)
potential difference V volt (V)
resistance R ohm (Ω)
weight W newton (N)
acceleration of free fall g m / s 2, N / kg
work W joule (J)
specific heat capacity c J / (g °C), J / (kg °C)
specific latent heat l J / kg, J / g
wavelength  m, cm
electromotive force E V

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus for examination from 2020 Page 33

NOTE

Units, significant figures. Candidates would be advised in each question on the number of
significant figures or decimal places they have to express their answers to. If there is no advice on
such, answers can be given to any number of significant figures. Candidates should be aware that
misuse of units that is, failure to code units where necessary or the inclusion of units in quantities
defined as ratios is liable to be penalised.

Conventions (e.g. signs, symbols, terminology and nomenclature)

Syllabuses and question papers will conform to generally accepted international practice

C. GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Learning objectives in the content section of the syllabus are expressed in terms of what
candidates know, understand and can do. The words used on the examination papers in
connection with the assessment of these learning outcomes are contained in this glossary. This is
neither exhaustive nor definitive but is meant to provide some useful guidance.

1. Writing questions about what candidates are expected to know

About 25 % of the marks are involved with recall. Words used on examination papers in connection
with such questions may include:

“State...”, “List...”, “Give...”, “Name....”, “Define...”, “Draw…”,

“Write…”, “What…”, “How….”, What is meant by…..”

State or Name… implies a concise answer with little or no supporting argument.

List… requires a number of points generally each of one word, with no elaboration.

Define… is intended literally, only a formal statement or equivalent paraphrase being required.

What is meant by... normally implies that a definition should be given together with some relevant
comment on the significance or context of the term(s) concerned, especially when two or more
terms are included in the question. The amount of supplementary comment intended should be
interpreted in the light of the indicated mark value.

2. Writing questions about understanding

“Understand” may be associated with simple factual recall. In this sense the candidate is required
to recall the relevant part of the defined syllabus and to use this recalled information to amplify,
extend or expand this in a wider context. This wider context will include situations or materials with
which the candidates are familiar.

Questions may include such words as:

“Explain…” “Complete...” “Why.”, “Construct...”, “Which…

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus for examination from 2020 Page 34

Explain… may imply reasoning or some of reference to theory, depending on the context.

“Understand” may also be associated with skills other than factual recall. It can be used to assess
the candidate’s abilities in problem solving, interpretation and evaluation, data handling and in
communication of scientific ideas, principles and concepts. Words such as “Suggest...”, “Work
out…”, “How would you know that…” may be used in questions.

Suggest… Is used in two main contexts: either to imply that there is no unique answer or to imply
that candidates are expected to apply their general knowledge to a situation that may not formally
be in the syllabus. This would be related to the Assessment Objective 2.

3. Writing questions about “be able to”.

The use of this phrase is always associated with higher-order skills of interpretation, evaluation,
calculation and communication. It involves the ability to recall the appropriate material from the
content and apply this knowledge.

Questions may include “Be able to…”, “deduce…”, “relate….”, “interpret…”, “explain…”, “carry
out…”, “evaluate…” “predict….”, “discuss…”, “construct…”, “suggest…”, “calculate…”, “find…”,
“demonstrate…”, “estimate…”, “determine..”.

deduce… is used in a similar way as predict except that some supporting statement is required,
e.g., reference to a law or principle, or the necessary reasoning to be included in the answer.

predict… implies that the candidate is not expected to produce the required answer by recall but
by making a logical connection between other pieces of information. Such information may be
wholly given in the question or may depend on answers extracted in an early part of the question.

calculate… is used when a numerical answer is required. In general, working should be shown
when two or more steps are involved.

find… is general term that may be interpreted as calculate, measure, determine, etc.

measure… implies that the quantity concerned can be directly obtained from suitable measuring
instruments.

estimate… implies a reasoned order of magnitude statement or calculation of the quantity

concerned making such implying assumptions as may be necessary about points of principle and
about the values of quantities not otherwise used in the question.

discuss… requires the candidates to give critical account of the points involved in the topic.

determine… often implies that the quantity concerned cannot be measured directly but is obtained
by calculation, substituting measured or known values of other quantities into standard formula.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus for examination from 2020 Page 35

D. PRESENTATION OF DATA

Tables

 Each column of a table will be headed with the physical quantity and the appropriate SI units,
e.g., time / s, rather than time (s)
There are two acceptable methods of stating units, e.g., m / s or ms–1

 Candidates should use the number of significant figures appropriate to the precision of the
measuring instrument.

 The column headings of the table can then be directly transferred to the axes of a constructed
graph.

Graphs

 The independent variable will be plotted on the x-axis (horizontal axis) and the dependent
variable plotted on the y-axis (vertical axis).

 The graph is the whole diagrammatic presentation. It may have one or several curves / lines
plotted on it.

 Points on the curve / line should be clearly marked as crosses (×) or encircled dot (‫)סּ‬.
If a further curve / line is included, vertical crosses (+) may be used to mark the points.

 Plots of points should have an accuracy of better than 1mm and all read-offs.
Plots should be made with a sharp pencil.

BGCSE Physics Assessment Syllabus for examination from 2020 Page 36