If/Ufrj Statistical Mechanics 2019/2 - Raimundo: Problem Set #9 30/9/2019 - Due by 7/10/2019
If/Ufrj Statistical Mechanics 2019/2 - Raimundo: Problem Set #9 30/9/2019 - Due by 7/10/2019
If/Ufrj Statistical Mechanics 2019/2 - Raimundo: Problem Set #9 30/9/2019 - Due by 7/10/2019
Statistical Mechanics
2019/2 – Raimundo
Problem Set #9
1. Figure 1 shows the coexistence curves for a typical fluid. The liquid and gas
phases coexist along the curve AC, called the vapour pressure curve. You may
assume that along AC changes in volume of the liquid are negligible in com-
parison with changes in the gas volume; you may also admit that the latter
can be treated as an ideal gas, and that the latent heat of vaporisation, `, is
approximately constant over the temperature interval of interest.
P = P0 e−`/RT ,
2. Obtain the critical exponents α, β, γ and δ for the van der Waals gas.
where µ is the magnetic moment, H is an applied external field, and the sums
extend over sites of a d-dimensional lattice, but hiji restricts the sum over
nearest neighbour pairs. We consider the Weiss approximation for this model.
1
z
z’
zJ < z >
2
R
< z>
S(S + 1) µzJ
kB Tc = ,
3 2
where z is the coordination number of the lattice (i.e. the number of nearest
neighbours of any site). Compare your result with that for the Ising model
and comment physically.
(b) Show that the magnetisation satisfies a law of corresponding states when
expressed in terms of reduced field, H̃, and temperature, T̃ .
(c) Obtain the critical exponents α, β, γ, and δ, and comment on the influence
of S and d.
4. The simplest example of a quantum critical point (i.e., a critical point at zero
temperature) occurs in systems described by the Ising model in a transverse
field, whose Hamiltonian is
X X
H = −J σiz σjz − Γ σix ,
hi,ji i
where the σ ’s are Pauli matrices, and the first sum extends to pairs of nearest
neighbour sites of a d-dimensional lattice with coordination number z.
(a) (i) Discuss the nature of the ground state of this system in the limits
Γ J and Γ J.
(ii) Sketch the expected behaviour of the magnetisation, hσ z i as a function
of T , for fixed Γ. Compare with what you would expect for hσ z i(T )
when Γ = 0.
2
(iii) Then make a sketch of the expected behaviour of the critical temper-
ature as a function of Γ.
(d) The phase transition is signalled by hσ z i ' 0. Show that in this case the
critical curve is given by
Γ 2Γ
tanh = ,
kB Tc zJ
and make a sketch of τc ≡ (2kB Tc /zJ) as a function of g = 2Γ/zJ. Check
if your results match the qualitative prediction made in (a)(iii).
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