SPSS Practical

KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CLASS : II – M.COM (CA) COURSE NAME: SPSS (Practical)

COURSE CODE : 18CCP312 BATCH : 2018-2020
Ex. No. 1
DATA ENTRY AND MISSING VALUES
Aim
To enter data in to SPSS and to ascertain missing values.
Algorithm
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process
Step 2: Type the Qualitative Data in variable 1 and do not enter any data in two or
three cells
Step 3: Go to Variable view and in Label mention Gender
Step 4: Click values button and assign 1 as Male and 2 as female for gender
Step 5: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu
Step 6: Select Frequencies option from Descriptive Sub menu
Step 7: Forward the Variable 1
Step 8: Click Ok button on Frequency Window
Step 9: Stop the process
Result
Thus the data have been entered and missing values are identified.
Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 1/31
[Type text]
Gender
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Male 6 50.0 60.0 60.0
Female 4 33.3 40.0 100.0
Total 10 83.3 100.0
Missing System 2 16.7
Total 12 100.0
[Type text]
Ex.No.2
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Aim
To compute Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis
Algorithm
Step 2: Type the following Quantitative Data 320, 395, 342, 444, 551, 395, 425, 417,
395, 401, 390, 400 in Column Variable 1 of Data view window
Step 5: Forward the Variable 1 data to Variables Window
Step 6: Select Statistics Command button on Frequencies window
Step 7: Select Mean, Median and Mode from Central Tendency Option and Standard
Deviation from Dispersion option Skewness and Kurtosis from Distribution
option and click Continue command button
Result
The above statistical analysis has been verified by using SPSS Package.
[Type text]
Output
Statistics
VAR00001
N Valid 12
Missing 0
Mean 406.25
Median 397.5
Mode 395.00
Std. Deviation 56.50603
Skewness 1.317
Std. Error of Skewness .637
Kurtosis 3.906
Std. Error of Kurtosis 1.232
VAR00001
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 320 1 8.3 8.3 8.3
342 1 8.3 8.3 16.7
390 1 8.3 8.3 25.0
395 3 25.0 25.0 50.0
400 1 8.3 8.3 58.3
401 1 8.3 8.3 66.7
417 1 8.3 8.3 75.0
425 1 8.3 8.3 83.3
444 1 8.3 8.3 91.7
551 1 8.3 8.3 100.0
Total 12 100.0 100.0
[Type text]
Ex.No.3
Frequency Distribution
Aim
To prepare a frequency distribution table
Algorithm
Step 2: Type the Qualitative Data in variable 1 and variable 2.
Step 3: Go to Variable view and in Label mention Gender and Education for Variable
1 and Variable 2 respectively
Step 4: Click values button and assign 1 as Male and 2 as female for gender. Assign 1
for Under Graduate, 2 for Post Graduate and 3 for Professional for Education.
Step 7: Forward the Variable 1 and Variable 2 data to Variables Window
Step 8: Click chart command button and select required chart type
Result
Thus frequency table has been prepared using SPSS Package.
[Type text]
Gender
Cumulative
Valid Male 7 58.3 58.3 58.3
Female 5 41.7 41.7 100.0
Total 12 100.0 100.0
Education
Cumulative
Valid Under Graduate 5 41.7 41.7 41.7
Post Graduate 4 33.3 33.3 75.0
Professional 3 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 12 100.0 100.0
[Type text]
[Type text]
Ex.No.4
Chi-square
Aim
To calculate Chi-square test to find association between two variables
Algorithm
Step 2: Type two set of Qualitative data on Variable 1 and Variable 2 on Data View
Window
Step 3: Specify names for Variable 1 and Variable 2 on variable view window
Step 5: Select Crosstabs from Descriptive Sub menu
Step 6: Forward Variable 1 to Row and Variable 2 to Column options
Step 7: Click Statistics Command button on Crosstab window, from which select
Chi-square option and press continue command button
Step 8: Click Cell command button on Crosstab window, in which select row on
percentage option and press continue command button
Step 9: Click Ok button on Crosstab window
Step Stop the process

10:
Result
The Chi-square test result has been verified by using SPSS Package.
[Type text]
Output
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
AOR * SQ 300 100.0% 0 .0% 300 100.0%
AOR * SQ Crosstabulation
SQ
1 2 3 Total
AOR 1 Count 5 75 3 83
% within AOR 6.0% 90.4% 3.6% 100.0%
2 Count 29 94 8 131
% within AOR 22.1% 71.8% 6.1% 100.0%
3 Count 6 72 8 86
% within AOR 7.0% 83.7% 9.3% 100.0%
Total Count 40 241 19 300
% within AOR 13.3% 80.3% 6.3% 100.0%
[Type text]
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig. (2-

Value df sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square 18.085 4 .001
Likelihood Ratio 18.256 4 .001
Linear-by-Linear Association .545 1 .460
N of Valid Cases 300
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is 5.26.
[Type text]
Ex.No.5
Independent Sample ‘t’ Test
Aim
To calculate independent ‘t’ test to find whether mean differs between two groups
Algorithm
Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1
Step 3: Group the Quantitative data in to two groups by assigning qualitative values
(i.e.) 1,2
Step 4: Select Compare Means from Analyze Menu
Step 5: Select Independent Sample ‘t’ Test from Compare Means menu
Step 6: Forward Quantitative data to Test Variables Option and Qualitative data to
Group Variables option
Step 7: Click Define Groups command button and assign 1 and 2 at Group 1 and
Group 2 and click continue command button
Step 8: Click Ok button on Independent Sample ‘t’ test window
Result
[Type text]
Output
Group Statistics
VAR00
002 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
VAR00001 1 193 69.6732 13.58475 .97785
2 107 72.9753 11.50454 1.11219
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error Difference
F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper
VAR00001 Equal variances

4.822 .029 -2.127 298 .034 -3.30211 1.55281 -6.35798 -.24625
assumed
Equal variances not

-2.230 250.561 .027 -3.30211 1.48093 -6.21877 -.38546
assumed
[Type text]
Ex.No.6
Paired ‘t’ Test
Aim
To calculate paired ‘t’ test to find whether student’s performance differs before and after
training programme
Algorithm
Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1 and Variable 2
Step 4: Select paired ‘t’ Test from Compare Means menu
Step 5: Forward Variable 1 and Variable 2 data set to Paired Variables window
Step 6: Click Ok button on Independent Sample ‘t’ test window
Result

Output
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 VAR00001 & VAR00002 9 .784 .012
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference
Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Pair 1 VAR00001 -
-1.16667E1 6.72681 2.24227 -16.83735 -6.49598 -5.203 8 .001
VAR00002

Ex.No.7
One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Aim
To calculate ANOVA test to find whether mean differs among more than two groups
Algorithm
Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1
Step 3: Group the Quantitative data in to more than two groups by assigning
qualitative values (i.e.) 1,2,3
Step 5: Select One way ANOVA option from Compare Means menu
Step 6: Forward Quantitative data to Dependent list and Qualitative data to Factor
Step 7: Click Option Command button
Step 8: Click Description option on Statistics and click continue button
Step 9: Click Ok button on One way ANOVA window
Step 10 Stop the process
Result

Output
Descriptives
VAR00001
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
1 83 65.7420 12.40484 1.36161 63.0334 68.4507 35.86 93.10
2 131 73.1511 12.02735 1.05083 71.0722 75.2301 35.86 91.72
3 86 72.2779 13.61429 1.46807 69.3590 75.1968 42.76 93.79
Total 300 70.8510 12.95901 .74819 69.3786 72.3233 35.86 93.79
ANOVA
VAR00001
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 3034.594 2 1517.297 9.552 .000
Within Groups 47178.261 297 158.849
Total 50212.855 299

Ex.No.8
Two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Aim
To calculate Two way ANOVA test to find whether mean differs among more than two
groups
Algorithm
Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1 (Agriculture Productivity) and

Qualitative data in Variable 2 (Soil type) and Variable 3 (Irrigation type)
Step 3: Group the Quantitative data in to more than two groups by assigning
qualitative values (i.e.) 1,2,3
Step 4: Select General Linear Model from Analyze Menu
Step 5: Select Univariate option from General Linear Model menu
Step 6: Forward Quantitative data to Dependent list and Qualitative data to Fixed
Factors
Step 7: Click Model command button and verify Type III is selected in Sum of
Squares and click continue button
Step 8: Click Ok button on univariate window
Result

Between-Subjects Factors
Soil Type 1 6
2 6
Irrigation Type 1 5
2 4
3 3
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable:VAR00001
Type III Sum of

Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
a
Corrected Model 7059.250 5 1411.850 2.938 .111
Intercept 201884.033 1 201884.033 420.057 .000
VAR00002 710.533 1 710.533 1.478 .270
VAR00003 3894.961 2 1947.481 4.052 .077
VAR00002 * VAR00003 3481.008 2 1740.504 3.621 .093
Error 2883.667 6 480.611
Total 242073.000 12
Corrected Total 9942.917 11
a. R Squared = .710 (Adjusted R Squared = .468)

Ex.No.9
Correlation
Aim
To calculate Correlation to find nature of relation between dependent and independent
variable
Algorithm
Step 2: Type Dependent variables on Variable 1 and Independent variables from

Variable 2
Step 3: Select Correlate option from Analyze Menu
Step 4: Select Bivariate command option from Correlate sub menu
Step 5: Forward all the variables (Dependent and Independent variables) to variables
window
Step 6: Select Pearson option and Spearman from Correlation Coefficient for running
Karl Pearson Correlation and Spearman respectively
Step 7: Click Ok button on Bivariate Correlation window
Step 8 Stop the process
Result

Karl Pearson Correlation

Correlations
VAR00001 VAR00002
**
VAR00001 Pearson Correlation 1 .981
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 12 12
**
VAR00002 Pearson Correlation .981 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 12 12
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Spearman Rank Correlation
Correlations
VAR00001 VAR00002
**
Spearman's rho VAR00001 Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .968
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 12 12
**
VAR00002 Correlation Coefficient .968 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 12 12
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Ex.No.10
Regression
Aim
To ascertain the combined influence of select independent variables over dependent
variable, regression test is employed
Algorithm
Step 2: Type Dependent variables data on variable 1 and independent variables data
on variable 2, variable 3 etc.,
Step 3: Select Regression option from Analyze Menu
Step 4: Select linear command option from regression sub menu
Step 5: Forward Dependent variable to Dependent option and Independent variables

to Independent window
Step 6: Click Ok button on Linear Regression window
Result
Thus regression test has been verified by using SPSS Package.

Output
b
Variables Entered/Removed
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 Sales,
Depreciation, . Enter
a
PAT, PYD
a. All requested variables entered.
b. Dependent Variable: Dividend
Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Model R R Square Square Estimate
a
1 .951 .904 .776 .24474
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sales, Depreciation, PAT, PYD
b
ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

a
1 Regression 1.695 4 .424 7.074 .070
Residual .180 3 .060
Total 1.875 7
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sales, Depreciation, PAT, PYD

b. Dependent Variable: Dividend
a
Coefficients
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) .067 .324 .207 .849
PYD .014 .305 .014 .045 .967
Depreciation -1.236 .696 -.359 -1.776 .174
PAT .883 .217 .838 4.078 .027
Sales -.007 .011 -.190 -.647 .564
a. Dependent Variable: Dividend

Ex.No.11
Factor Analysis
Aim
To find out the multi colinearity exists between variables and to find out the important
factors (or) variables among the various set of variables introduced
Algorithm
Step 2: Type qualitative data on data view window
Step 3: Select Data reduction option from Analyze Menu
Step 4: Select factor analysis command option from data reduction sub menu
Step 5: Forward all the variables introduced to variables option
Step 6: Select Descriptive command window, and select KMO and Bartlett’s test of
Sphercity option and click continue command button
Step 7: Select Rotation command button on Factor analysis window, and select
varimax option and click continue command button
Step 8: Click Ok button on Factor Analysis window
Result
Thus factor test has been verified by using SPSS Package.

Output
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .908
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 3.947E3
df 406
Sig. .000
a
Rotated Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
VAR00001 .585 .192 .452 .085 .235 .045 .307

VAR00002 .325 -.052 .233 .512 .317 -.052 .185
VAR00003 .131 .173 .124 .163 .140 .167 .752
VAR00004 .121 .202 .598 -.160 .102 .038 .066
VAR00005 .258 .233 -.137 .538 .168 .213 .226
VAR00006 .105 .064 .750 .229 .063 .012 -.041
VAR00007 .389 .263 .004 .392 .081 .257 .406
VAR00008 .700 .254 .394 .074 .193 .052 .181
VAR00009 .277 .062 .039 .315 .525 .129 .141
VAR00010 .407 .219 .053 .136 .093 .043 .586
VAR00011 -.040 .169 .569 -.238 -.107 .212 .328
VAR00012 .344 .108 -.059 .690 .033 .253 .065
VAR00013 .138 .328 .651 .136 .076 .072 .039
VAR00014 .796 .106 .058 .259 .133 .213 .102
VAR00015 .016 .134 .043 .267 .641 .012 .361
VAR00016 .140 .642 .348 -.115 -.015 .148 .173
VAR00017 .430 -.012 .102 .417 -.021 .425 .136
VAR00018 .010 .580 .359 .283 .173 .191 .188
VAR00019 .768 .096 -.016 .206 .171 .299 .068
VAR00020 .185 .058 .171 -.106 .737 .084 .082
VAR00021 .121 .655 .114 -.123 .176 -.099 .228
VAR00022 .073 -.156 .204 .382 .196 .603 .234

VAR00023 .213 .658 .191 .344 .036 .151 -.001

VAR00024 .590 .092 .222 .233 .298 .309 .066
VAR00025 .205 .323 -.051 .107 .582 .181 -.126
VAR00026 .037 .477 .231 .124 .248 -.066 .439
VAR00027 .248 .007 .082 .027 .061 .769 .069
VAR00028 .083 .554 .162 .486 .168 -.098 .086
VAR00029 .315 .351 .028 .088 .173 .639 -.017
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 15 iterations.

Ex.No.12
Cluster Analysis
Aim
To group heterogeneous variables into homogenous group
Algorithm
Step 2: Type quantitative data on data view window for Calorie, Sodium, Salt and Fat
Step 3: Select Classify from Analyze Menu
Step 4: Select Hierarchial Cluster analysis form classify menu
Step 5: Forward all the variables introduced to variables option
Step 6: Click statistics command button and click Agglomeration Schedule option
and click continue
Step 7: Click plot command button and click Dendrogram option and click continue
Step 8: Click Method command button and verify Between-groups linkage option
from Cluster Method and also verify Squared Euclidean distance from
Measure option and click continue
Step 9: Click Save option and click None option from Cluster Membership and click
continue
Step 10: Click Ok
Result
Thus cluster analysis test has been carried out by using SPSS Package.

Agglomeration Schedule
Cluster Combined Stage Cluster First Appears
Stage Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Coefficients Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Next Stage
1 3 10 124.000 0 0 2
2 3 4 414.000 1 0 6
3 5 9 490.000 0 0 6
4 1 7 540.000 0 0 5
5 1 2 856.000 4 0 9
6 3 5 1471.000 2 3 7
7 3 6 3687.600 6 0 8
8 3 8 5646.333 7 0 9
9 1 3 25908.524 5 8 0

Ex.No.13
Discriminant Analysis
Aim
To find out method of discriminating
Algorithm
Step 2: Type two set of quantitative data and three set of qualitative data on data view
window
Step 3: Select classify option from Analyse menu
Step 4: Select Discriminant option from classify option
Step 5: Forward dichotomous variable to grouping variable
Step 6: Click Define range and enter 1 and 2
Step 7: Forward rest of the variables to independent option
Step 8: Click statistics command button and select Means, Univariate ANOVA and
Box’s M option from Descriptive option and select Fishers Option from
Function Coefficient and click continue button
Step 9: Click classify command button and select Leave-one-out classification option
from Display and click command button
Step 10: Click Ok button
Result
Thus discriminant analysis test has been verified by using SPSS Package.

Analysis Case Processing Summary
Unweighted Cases N Percent
Valid 8 100.0
Excluded Missing or out-of-range

0 .0
group codes
At least one missing

0 .0
discriminating variable
Both missing or out-of-range

group codes and at least one
0 .0
missing discriminating
variable
Total 0 .0
Total 8 100.0
Group Statistics
Valid N (listwise)
VAR00003 Mean Std. Deviation Unweighted Weighted
1 VAR00001 44.6000 10.16366 5 5.000
VAR00002 13.2000 6.83374 5 5.000
VAR00004 4.0000 1.41421 5 5.000
VAR00005 4.2000 .44721 5 5.000
2 VAR00001 35.0000 10.00000 3 3.000
VAR00002 9.3333 6.02771 3 3.000
VAR00004 3.6667 .57735 3 3.000
VAR00005 4.0000 1.73205 3 3.000
Total VAR00001 41.0000 10.59650 8 8.000
VAR00002 11.7500 6.40870 8 8.000
VAR00004 3.8750 1.12599 8 8.000
VAR00005 4.1250 .99103 8 8.000

Box's Test of Equality of Covariance Matrices
Log Determinants
VAR00003 Rank Log Determinant
1 4 3.117
a b
2 . .
Pooled within-groups 4 5.816
The ranks and natural logarithms of determinants

printed are those of the group covariance matrices.
a. Rank < 3
b. Too few cases to be non-singular
Tests of Equality of Group Means
Wilks' Lambda F df1 df2 Sig.
VAR00001 .780 1.691 1 6 .241
VAR00002 .902 .648 1 6 .451
VAR00004 .977 .144 1 6 .717
VAR00005 .989 .066 1 6 .806

SPSS Practical

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SPSS Practical

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SPSS Practical

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

CLASS : II – M.COM (CA) COURSE NAME: SPSS (Practical)

Step 3: Go to Variable view and in Label mention Gender

Step 5: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 6: Select Frequencies option from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 7: Forward the Variable 1

Step 8: Click Ok button on Frequency Window

Step 9: Stop the process

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 1/31

Valid Male 6 50.0 60.0 60.0

Female 4 33.3 40.0 100.0

Total 10 83.3 100.0

Missing System 2 16.7

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 2/31

Step 3: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 4: Select Frequencies option from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 5: Forward the Variable 1 data to Variables Window

Step 6: Select Statistics Command button on Frequencies window

Step 8: Click Ok button on Frequency Window

Step 9: Stop the process

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 3/31

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 4/31

Step 2: Type the Qualitative Data in variable 1 and variable 2.

Step 5: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 6: Select Frequencies option from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 7: Forward the Variable 1 and Variable 2 data to Variables Window

Step 9: Click Ok button on Frequency Window

Step 10: Stop the process

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 5/31

Valid Male 7 58.3 58.3 58.3

Female 5 41.7 41.7 100.0

Total 12 100.0 100.0

Valid Under Graduate 5 41.7 41.7 41.7

Post Graduate 4 33.3 33.3 75.0

Professional 3 25.0 25.0 100.0

Total 12 100.0 100.0

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 6/31

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 7/31

Step 4: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 5: Select Crosstabs from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 6: Forward Variable 1 to Row and Variable 2 to Column options

Step 9: Click Ok button on Crosstab window

Step Stop the process

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 8/31

Case Processing Summary

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

AOR * SQ 300 100.0% 0 .0% 300 100.0%

% within AOR 6.0% 90.4% 3.6% 100.0%

% within AOR 22.1% 71.8% 6.1% 100.0%

% within AOR 7.0% 83.7% 9.3% 100.0%

Total Count 40 241 19 300

% within AOR 13.3% 80.3% 6.3% 100.0%

Prepared by: Dr.R.Velmurugan, Dept of Commerce, KAHE 9/31

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Likelihood Ratio 18.256 4 .001

Linear-by-Linear Association .545 1 .460

N of Valid Cases 300

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum