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    Chapter 2

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    kielle hudson
    This document discusses evolution and genetics, early hominins, archaic Homo, the origin and spread of modern humans, and the beginnings of Filipino society and culture. It describes key evolutionary changes seen in hominoid fossils from Africa and the distinguishing morphological traits of Homo erectus versus Homo sapiens. It also outlines how modern humans evolved in Africa around 200,000-300,000 years ago and began migrating out of Africa around 70,000-100,000 years ago. Finally, it discusses the discovery of early human bones in Tabon Cave in the Philippines in 1962 and the significance this had for understanding the origins of humans in east and southeast Asia.

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    Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    kielle hudson
    42 views2 pages
    This document discusses evolution and genetics, early hominins, archaic Homo, the origin and spread of modern humans, and the beginnings of Filipino society and culture. It describes key evolutionary changes seen in hominoid fossils from Africa and the distinguishing morphological traits of Homo erectus versus Homo sapiens. It also outlines how modern humans evolved in Africa around 200,000-300,000 years ago and began migrating out of Africa around 70,000-100,000 years ago. Finally, it discusses the discovery of early human bones in Tabon Cave in the Philippines in 1962 and the significance this had for understanding the origins of humans in east and southeast Asia.

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    CHAPTER 2

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    This document discusses evolution and genetics, early hominins, archaic Homo, the origin and spread of modern humans, and the beginnings of Filipino society and culture. It describes key evolutionary changes seen in hominoid fossils from Africa and the distinguishing morphological traits of Homo erectus versus Homo sapiens. It also outlines how modern humans evolved in Africa around 200,000-300,000 years ago and began migrating out of Africa around 70,000-100,000 years ago. Finally, it discusses the discovery of early human bones in Tabon Cave in the Philippines in 1962 and the significance this had for understanding the origins of humans in east and southeast Asia.

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    42 views2 pages

    Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    kielle hudson
    This document discusses evolution and genetics, early hominins, archaic Homo, the origin and spread of modern humans, and the beginnings of Filipino society and culture. It describes key evolutionary changes seen in hominoid fossils from Africa and the distinguishing morphological traits of Homo erectus versus Homo sapiens. It also outlines how modern humans evolved in Africa around 200,000-300,000 years ago and began migrating out of Africa around 70,000-100,000 years ago. Finally, it discusses the discovery of early human bones in Tabon Cave in the Philippines in 1962 and the significance this had for understanding the origins of humans in east and southeast Asia.

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    of 2

    CHAPTER 2

    Topic 2: (EVOLUTION AND GENETICS)


    (EARLY HOMININS)
    (ARCHAIC HOMO)
    (THE ORIGIN AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMANS)
    (THE BEGINNINGS OF FILIPINO AND SOCIETY CULTURE)

    EVOLUTION AND GENETICS


    Evolution is a change in the frequency of genes in a population over time. Evolutionary psychologists
    try to explain universal behaviors. They study how natural selection has encouraged certain behavior
    patterns to develop.

    EARLY HOMININS

    Changes from an ape-like anatomy are discernible in hominoid fossils from the late Miocene in Africa.
    Some hominoid species from this period exhibit traits that are typical of humans but are not seen in
    the other living apes, leading paleoanthropologists to infer that these fossils represent early members
    of the hominin lineage. The first human-like traits to appear in the hominin fossil record are bipedal
    walking and smaller, blunt canines.

    ARCHAIC HOMO
    Most paleoanthropologists agree that Homo erectus and H. sapiens are distinct species (but see
    Wolpoff et al. 1994). The primary morphological characters of H. erectus are a long and low cranium,
    a pronounced supraorbital torus, a pronounced postorbital constriction, an angled occipital torus, a
    cranium that is widest at the base, the absence of a chin, and a cranial capacity of about 1,000 cc.
    The primary morphological traits of H. sapiens that distinguish it from H. erectus are a more rounded
    and high cranium, a reduced supraorbital torus, the lack of a postorbital constriction, a less angled
    occipital torus, a cranium that is widest at the top of the parietals rather than at the base, a chin, and
    a cranial capacity of about 1,350 cc. Homo erectus postcranial fossils are not frequently reported, but
    studies do suggest that in terms of overall size, the H. erectus postcrania fall within the range of
    modern H. sapiens, but generally are more robust. The primary distinctions between the two species
    appear to be morphological variation found in the crania.

    THE ORIGIN AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMANS


    Homo sapiens, the first modern humans, evolved from their early hominid predecessors between
    200,000 and 300,000 years ago. They developed a capacity for language about 50,000 years ago.
    The first modern humans began moving outside of Africa starting about 70,000-100,000 years ago.
    Humans are the only known species to have successfully populated, adapted to, and significantly
    altered a wide variety of land regions across the world, resulting in profound historical and
    environmental impacts.
    THE BEGINNINGS OF FILIPINO AND SOCIETY CULTURE
    The literature of the Philippines illustrates the Prehistory and European colonial legacy of the
    Philippines, written in both Indigenous and Hispanic writing system. Most of the traditional literature of
    the Philippines were written during the Mexican and Spanish period. Philippine literature is written in
    Spanish, English, or any indigenous Philippine languages.One of the most important breakthroughs
    was the recovery of fossil human bones in Tabon Cave, Palawan, in 1962. This discovery had a
    twofold significance. First, it marked the beginning of a more systematic investigation of Early man in
    the Philippines. For although the tools of Pleistocene man and the bones of animals he probably
    hunted had been recovered before, this was the first fossil human encountered in this country.
    Second, the recovery of this frontal bone and the artifacts tentatively associated with it was another
    significant event in man's search for traces of his origin in east and southeast Asia.

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