Public Administration MCQs For PPSC Test

Public Administration Important MCQs for PPSC Test
CEO/DMO BPS-17
Specially effort to collect data by: M. Zeeshan
COMPULSORY QUESTION 2000
9. Write only the correct answers in the Answer Book. Don’t

reproduce the questions.
(1) The founder of Scientific Management School of thought was:

(a) F.W. Taylor
(b) Herber Simon
(c) Pfiffner John
(d) Mary Parker Follet
(2) The father of Human Relations theory was:

(a) Douglas M. McGregor
(b) Elton Mayo
(c) E.N.Gladden
(d) L. Urwick
(3) The founding father of theory of Bureaucracy was:

(a)Herman Finer
(b) La Palombra
(b) Max Weber
(d) Albert Lepawsky
(4) Systems theory of management is based on the concept of components

having:
(a) Independence
(b) Inter- dependence
(c) Dependence
(d) Contingency
(5) Bureaucracy of Pakistan is:

(a) Elitist
(b) Agilitarian
(c) Oligarchy
(d) Paternalistic
(6) Administrative accountability is established in government organizations

by:
(a) Executive
(b) Legislature
(c) Judiciary
(d) All the three above
(7) The first book on Public Administration was written by:

(a) Pfiffner and Presthus
(b) L. D. White
(c). Simon, Smithburg and Thompson
(d) E.N. Gladden
(8) Public Administration is the study of:

(a) Maintenance of Law and Order
(b) Control of trade and commerce
(c) Public Policy implementation
(d) Politico-administrative dynamics of the state.
(9) Planning machinery in Pakistan is:

(a) Centralized
(b) Decentralized
(c) Departmentalized
(d) Compartmentalized
(10) Financially the performance of public corporations in Pakistan during

the last decade has been:
(a) Excellent
(b) Good
(c) Satisfactory
(d) Poor
(11) Public Personnel Management in Pakistan is based on the principle of:

(a) Spoils
(b) Patronage
(c) Merit
(d) Give and take
(12) Communication runs faster in:

(a) Centralized structure
(b) Decentralized structure
(c) Matrix structure
(d) Line structure
(13) Performance budgeting is based on:

(a) items of expenditure
(b) items of investment
(c) objectives of expenditure
(d) plan of implementation
(14) The concept of Politics-Administration dichotomy was given by:

(a) Frank Henry Goodnow
(b) James W. Fes1er
(c) W Paul Appleby
(d) Ordway Tead
(15) The form of Leadership in the bureaucracy of Pakistan js:

(a) Aristocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Dictatorial
(d) Paternalistic
(16) The President of U. S. who laid the foundation of the study of public
administration was:
(a) President Wilson
(b) President Hoover
(c) President Kennedy
(d) President Roosevelt
(17) Formal relationship in an organization is based On:

(a) Friendship
(b) Peer groups
(c) Authority on subordinates
(d) Rules and Regulations
(18) The Ideal Model of bureaucracy is based on authority of:

(a) Tradition
(b) Charisma
(c) Legal rational
(d) Money
(19) Pressure groups in public administration work for:

(a) Public interest
(b) Self interest
(c) Foreign interest
(d) Sectoral interest
(20) The administrative reforms under which various services were merged
in occupational groups were introduced in:
(a)1960
(b) 1973
(c) 1989
(d) 1994
COMPULSORY QUESTION 2001.
Q. 9. Write only the correct answers in the Answer Book. Don’t

reproduce the questions.
(I) Public Administration may be defined as:

(A) Management of industry
(B) Administration of Public
(C) Management of Property
(D) Administrative Capacity
(E) None of these
(2) The concept of "bounded rationality" was given by:

(A) Wax Weber
(B) F. W. Riggs
(C) Herbert Simon
(D) Abraham Maslow
(E) None of these
(3) Bureaucracy is based on:

(A) Traditional Authority
(B) Personal Authority
(C) Charismatic Authority
(D) Corporate Authority
(E) None of these
(4) Behaviorism is associated with:

(A) Rationalism.
(B) Communication.
(C) Socialism.
(D) Humanism
(E) None of these
(5) The author of "The Function of the Executive" is:

(A) F. W. Taylor
(B) Chester Bernard
(C) Mary Parker Follet
(D) Henry Fayol
(E) None of these
(6) Which of the following is not of the core values of public administration?
(A) Equity
(B) Efficiency
(C) Effectiveness
(D) Bureaucracy
(E) None of these
(7) Which of the following is one of the features of bureaucracy conceived by

Max Weber?
(A) Authority
(B) Hierarchy
(C) Publicness
(D) Civil society
(E) None of these.
(8) Which of the following is an essential component of a formal

organization?
(A) Decentralization
(B) Formal Structure
(C) Power
(D) Centralization
(E) None of these
(9) Bureaucracy is a form of:

(A) Political Organization.
(B) Social Organization
(C) Community Organization
(D) Private organization
(E) None of these
(10) McGregor's name is most commonly associated with one of the

following:
(A) Bureaucratic Theory
(B) Scientific Management
C) Theory X and theory Y
(D) Human Relations
(E) None of these
(11) Legal-rational authority" is a core concept of:
(A) Public Choice Theory
(B) Theory of Emergency
(C) Maslow's Theory of Motivation
(D) Theory of Bureaucracy
(E) None of these
(12}One of the four functional imperative of a system identified by the

Talcott Parsons is:
(A) Efficiency
(B) Effectiveness
(C) Adaptation
(D) Entropy
(E) None of these
(13) "Entropy" is a law of nature in which all forms of organizations move

towards:
(A) Growth and Continuity
(D) Continuous Improvement
(C) Rebirth and Emergency
(D) Disorganization and Death
(E) None of these
(14) One choice theory is economic explanation of:

(A) Religion
(B) Islam.
(C) Political decision making
(D) Psychology.
(E) None of these.
(15) System. Theory is associated with the work of following:

(A) Leonard While
(B) Mary Parker Follet
(C) Talcott Parsons
(D) F.W. Taylor
(E) None of these
(16) Which one of the following is the foundation of modern Human

Resource
(A) Specialization
(B) Compensation
(C) Job Analysis
(D) Job Evaluation
(E) None of these
(17) The process of transmitting the idea or thought into meaningful

symbols is called:
(A) Decoding
(B) Feedback
(C) Reception
(D) Encoding
(E) None of these
(18) Which of the following will not be considered as a formal organization?

(A) A Hospital
(B) A University
(C) A Group of Friends
(D) A Service Industry
(E) None of these
(19) Which of the following violates the principle of Utility of Command?

(A) Bureaucratic Organization
(B) Functional Organization
(C) Manufacturing Organization
(D) Product Organization
(E) None of these.
(20) Which of the following is not a feature of good governance?

(A) Accountability
(B) Transparency
(C) Nepotism
(D) Rule of law
(E) None or these.
Compulsory Question 2002
8. Write only the correct choice in the Answer Book. Don't reproduce the
statement.
1. An organization which successfully achieve the goals will be considered

as:
(a) Efficient
(b) Systemic
(c) Effective
(d) Reasonable
(e) None of these
2. An organization using its resources wisely and in a cost effectively way is

considered:
(a) Conservative
(b) Modern
(c) Effective
(d) Efficient
(e) None of these
3. Grouping activities and resources in an organization is a function of:

(a) Leading
(b) Organizing
(c) Coordination
(d) Monitoring
(e) None of these
4. The dominant role in developing Scientific Management was played by:

(a) Henri Fayol
(b) F. W. Taylor
(c) Harrington Emerson
(d) Frank Gilbreth
(e) None of these
5. The most articulate spokesperson of Administrative Management was:

(a) Max Weber
(b) Chester Barnard
(c) Lyndall Urwick
(d) Henri Fayol
(e) None of these
6. Hawthrone studies were mainly conducted by:

(a) Elton Mayo
(b) Hugo Munsterberg
(c) Mary Parker
(d) Henry Gantt
(e) None of these
7. Two or more sub systems working together to produce more than the
total of what they might produce working alone is
(a) Open System
(b) Closed System
(c) Sub System
(d) Synergy
(e) None of these
8. An attempt to integrate common business practices from the United

States and Japan into one middle ground framework has been termed as:
(a) Theory X
(b) Theory Y
(c) Type Z Model
(d) Universal Model
(e) None of these
9. The owners, Employees, Board or Directors and Culture will form the
organization's:
(a) Internal Environment
(b) External Environment
(c) Task Environment
(d) General Environment
(e) None of these
10. The appropriate managerial behavior in a given situation depends on a

wide variety of elements is:
(a) Classical Approach
(b) Quantitative Approach
(c) Behavioral Approach
(d) Contingency Approach
(e) None of these
11. A goal set by and for top management of the organization is:
(a) Tactical Goal
(b) Strategic Goal
(c) Operational Goal
(d) Specific Goal
(e) None of these
12. Balancing and reconciling possible conflicts among goals is:

(a) Communication
(b) Leading
(c) Inconsistency
(d) Optimizing
(e) None of these
13. A plan that generally covers a span of one year or less is:
(a) Operational Plan
(b) Intermediate Plan
(c) Long range Plan
(d) Short range Plan
(e) None of these
14. Behavior that does not conform to generally social norms will be
considered as:
(a) Arrogant Behavior
(b) Arbitrary Behavior
(c) Ethical Behavior
(d) Unethical Behavior
(e) None of these
15. Conceptual and Diagnostic skills in an organization are mostly used by:
(a) General managers
(b) Top managers
(c) Middle managers
(d) First line managers
(e) None of these
16. A theory suggesting that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs

was advanced by:
(a) Douglas Mc Gregor
(b) Arthur D. Little
(c) Abraham Maslow
(d) F. W. Riggs
(e) None of these
17. The extent to which an organization complies with local, state and
Federal Laws is:
(a) Social Compliance
(b) Philanthropic Awarding
(c) Ethical Compliance
(d) Legal Compliance
(e) None of these
18. The process by which a manager assigns some of his total work load to
others is:
(a) Decentralization
(b) Delegation
(c) Division of work
(d) Centralization
(e) None of these
19. Power that has been legitimized by the state is:

(a) Political authority
(b) Charismatic authority
(c) Traditional authority
(d) Legal authority
(e) None of these
20. A condition in which the availability of each alternative and its potential
pay off and costs are all associated with probability estimates is:
(a) State of risk
(b) State of certainty
(c) State of mild certainty
(d) State of high certainty
(e) None of these
8. Write only correct answer in the answer book. Do not reproduce

the question.
(1) The connection between the politics and public administration is:
a) Politics seeks to deal controversial issues and public
administration is the means whereby decisions are implemented.
b) The politicians and administrators do not share unique partnership.
c) Public administrator indulges in party politics.
d) Administrators having strong political conviction, they cannot pursue a
carrier of public servant.
e) None of these
2. How the Role of public administration is determined by the people or

Government? Can it be a
a) The civilization fails means the breakdown of public administration.
b) Modern democracy can perform this job well.
c) Moral conviction is vital for its role.
d) Social and economical developments are more feasible than any branch of
government.
e) None of these
3. Human Relations is the study of the people in action that is:

a) The people work in a team spirit or not.
b) Social factors are equally important besides technical.
c) Human aspect’s ignorance is at management’s risk
d) Human’s dignity is inseparable from human relations.
e) None of these
4. Management improvement is possible by systematic theory if:

a) Investigator helps the decision-maker in solving problem.
b) Systematic theory identifies with operation research.
c) Defence problem’s programming is done smoothly.
d) It ascertains the future performance.
e) None of these
5.The bureaucracy has certain characteristics that are:

a) It is hero or villain or form of social organization.
b) It has pathological tendencies.
c) It has a specialized structure of the nation.
d) It is indispensable in modern country.
e) None of these
6. Bureaucracy is seen as corruptible or otherwise:

a) Bureaucracy is essential and necessary evil.
b) Bureaucracy’s role as a pariah or savior.
c) Bureaucracy is suspected politically.
d) If bureaucracy fails, it is accused as pariah.
e) None of these
7. Administrative leadership’s character inspires confidence when it uses:

a) Force and bargain to achieve goals.
b) Bases adequately built up
c) Leader must become the servant of the people
d) Leader must possess professional ethics.
e) None of these
8. Administrative accountability must be accompanied by:

a) If power is not abused.
b) If Ombudsman is independent and non-partisan.
c) If it brings home through legislature.
d) It can be achieved through responsible government.
e) None of these
9. Judicial control can achieve administrative accountability successfully if:

a) Rule of law is strictly followed.
b) Judicial process should not be cumbersome.
c) Judicial process should be easy and approachable.
d) Administrative action must be under judicial review.
e) None of these
10. Planning and its technique is common to all human activity such as:
a) Unity of programme and timeliness of programme.
b) Peoples following is necessary for successful plan.
c) Planners require reliable data for success.
d) Coordination is must in viable planning.
e) None of these
11. How can effective planning be made meaningful:

a) If it has management support
b) Its objective must be clearly defined.
c) Its feasibility standards mush show wisdom
d) It provides valuable learning experience.
e) None of these
12. Public corporation is the innovation of 20th century. The basic features
are:
a) Public corporation is a corporation by courtesy
b) It is created for particular purpose.
c) It is the result of Government’s entry into business.
d) It has virtue of business management.
e) None of these
13. Mechanistic theory is formal structure of organization. Its functions are:

a) Drawing up plan for large-scale enterprises
b) It does not tally with realities.
c) It s the result of Government’s entry into business
d) A human problem requires human solution.
e) None of these
14. The organization is the act of designing administrative structure. It

requires:
a) The determination of what activities are necessary.
b) No engineering approach to achieve goal.
c) Staff for managing it.
d) The allocation of functions and responsibilities to individual.
e) None of these
15. Centralization and decentralization are the problems of relationship

between higher and lower levels of government. They can be solved by:
a) Introduction of local bodies in the country.
b) Solving territorial and functional problems
c) Solving the jurisdictional disputes.
d) Active determination of external factors between the two
e) None of these
16. Zero-base budgeting evaluates current and new activities and programs
which solve:
a) The governmental programs in detail.
b) The risks involving decision-developing and ranking packages.
c) The organizational services programs.
d) The basic developmental issues.
e) None of these
17. The civil services of Pakistan have become a caste by themselves

involving public criticism such as:
a) They are legacies of British colonial rule
b) They have lowered the quality of national life.
c) They have breeded corruption and inefficiencies.
d) They have become professionally incompetent.
e) None of these
18. Communication is a crucial element in administration and felt by:

a) As the heart of management.
b) As it makes administrative procedure smooth.
c) As it is the nerve center of administration.
d) As it is the blood stream of the organization.
e) None of these
19. Co-ordination is the removal of conflicts from the organization by:

a) Securing co-operation and team work
b) Securing organizational goals
c) Securing harmonious organization
d) Removing overlapping and working cross purposes.
e) None of these
20. The Public Services of Pakistan can be made worthwhile if:

a) Young men and women are recruited on merit.
b) They are not used for political ulterior motives.
c) They are trained in nationalistic spirit and religious values
d) They must be awarded equal opportunity of advancement.
e) None of these
Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce
the question.
(1) In an organization, if uniformity of standards and policies is maintained

and the head provides direction to all activities, then it is sign of:
(a) Efficiency
(b) Decentralization
(c) Centralizations
(d) Effective Coordination
(e) "None of these
(2) Span of Contro 1 Means:

(a) Power to control an enterprise
(b) Duration of executive control
(c) Number of subordinates under a superior's direct control
(d) Overall control of an organization
(e) None of these
(3) Public corporations have been created with the objective of:
(a) Increased profits
(b) Handling large scale projects
(c) Creating various job opportunities
(d) Operational flexibility and autonomy
(e) None of these
(4) In United State the practice of making appointments in public services on

the basis of political affiliation and personal relationship is known as:
(a) Party Privilege
(b) Spoils System
(c) Fitness Principle
(d) Discretion System
(e) None of these
(5) In some countries office of the Procurator General, has been created to:
(a) Ensure the working of government departments according to rules and
regulations.
(b) Provide legal support to administrative bodies.
(c) Assess the training needs of government departments.
(d) Advocate cases on behalf of the government in the court of law.
(e) None of these.
(6) Rcole National d' Administration of France acts as:

(a) A consulting organization to improve administration.
(b) An institution of higher learning
(c) A recruiting-cum-training agency.
(d) A public complaint office
(e) None of these
(7) The necessary purpose of financial audit should be to focus on:

(a) Whether the expenditure was incurred for right purpose.
(b) Whether the expenditure had the approval of the top management.
(c) Whether the expenditure was in accordance with rules and
procedures.
(d) Whether the expenditure was made on proper time.
(e) None of these.
8-fiscal deficit in government budget can be reduced by:

(a) Improving the productivity of the departments.
(b) Closing down some of the expensive projects.
(c) Banning the recreational activities.
(d) Rationalizing expenditure for economy.
(e) None of these.
9-In the Maslovv's hierarchy of needs, the middle level needs have been
categorized as:
(a.) Self fulfillment needs
(b) Survival needs
(c) Security needs
(d) Egoistic needs
(e) None of these
10-Motivation is the function of intrinsic factors such as appreciation,

recognition etc. who gave this theory?
(a)Victor Veroom
(b) Herbert Simon
(c) Fredrick Hcrzberg
(d) David Me Clelland
(e) None of these
11-One of the following is not the function of the Cabinet Division of the
Federal Government:
(a) Preparation of the agenda for Cabinet meeting.
(b) Recording Ihe decisions of (he Cabinet.
(c) Follow up 'of the implementation of Cabinet decisions.
(d) Provision of staff to Cabinet members.
(e) None of these.
(12) Which of the following is categorized as a strategic decision:
(a) An officer approving the application for driving license.
(b) An executive ordering the transfer of an employee in another
department.
(c) A head of the department approving a financial sanction.
(d) A committee approving a new rule to meet the future public
requirements.
(e) None of these.
(13) A budget is essentially a statement of:

(a) Identification of targets to be achieved.
(b) Surplus or deficit of the previous budget.
(c) Estimated revenue and expenditure over a period of time.
(d) Allocation of funds in various heads of expenditure.
(e) None of these.
14-The categorization of functions with reference to their direct or indirect

concern with the achievement of organizational goals is called as:
(a) Primary and Secondary functions
(b) Line and Staff functions
(c) Major and Minor functions
(d) Central and Peripheral functions
(e) None of these
15-Who wrote the famous book "Research on the Bureaucracy in Pakistan":

(a) Muneer Ahmad
(b) Brian Chapman
(c) Inayatullah
(d) Ralph Braibanti
(e) None of these
16-Administrative Reforms-have been a consistent effort in Pakistan since

independence.
The first Re-organization Committee was constituted in 1947. Who headed
the Committee?
(a) Justice Muhammad Muneer
(b) Sir Victor Turner
(c) Akhtar Hussain
(d) Rowland Eggar
(e) None of these
17-In the Constitution of Pakistan, the subjects for legislation have been
divided into:
(a) Two Lists
(b) Three Lists
(c) Four Lists
(d) Five Lists
(e) None of these
18-One of (he most significant achievement of the Ford Foundation's

technical assistance to Pakistan in I960, was the establishment of:
(a) Pakistan Administrative Staff College, Lahore.
(b) National Institute of Public Administration Karachi.
(c) Secretariat Training Institute, Islamabad,
(d) National Defence College, Rawalpindi,
(e) None of these.
19-The introduction of the Section Officers Scheme in the Central (Federal)

Secretariat in 1961, was made on the recommendation contained in:
(a) Farooqi Report
(b) Cornelius Report
(c) Shoib Report
(d) G. Ahmed Report
(e) None of these
20-"Leaders are born and not made" is perception based on:

(a) Contingency Theory of leadership
(b) Trait Theory of Leadership
(c) Fiedler's Model of Leadership
(d) Situational Leadership
(e) None of these
Q.8 Write only the correct answer in the answer book.

1) The study of individuals and groups in organizations is known as:
a) total quality management
b) Human resource maintenance
c) the manager's challenge
d) the contingency approach
e) organizational behaviour
2) Organizational behaviour is:
a) a commitment to continuous improvement

b) a relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of
work experiences
c) the attempt by scholars to identify how situations can be understood and
managed in ways that respond appropriately to their unique characteristics.
d) the study of individuals and groups in organizations.
e) the attraction and continuation of a viable workforce.
3) Total quality management is:

a) a commitment to continuous improvement.
work experiences.
4) Each of the following are requirements of twenty-first century managers

except that they:
a) must be prepared to deal with people of different ethnic and racial
backgrounds.
b) must value quality.
c) contend with a workforce whose skills match new tasks and technologies.
d) must personally do things to add value to the organization's ability to
meet customers' needs.
e) value diversity.
5) A relatively permanent change in behaviour that happens as a result of

experience is known as:
a) learning
b) life-long learning
c) experiential learning
d) organizational learning
e)the manager's challenge
6) The process of continuous learning from the full variety of one's actual
work and life experience is known as :
a) learning
e) the manager's challenge
7) The individual performance equation is concerned with:

a) capacity, willingness, opportunity
b) capacity , effort, opportunity
c) effectiveness, effort, willingness
d) effort , opportunity, threat
e) opportunity, capacity, intelligence
8) Personality contributes to considerations of:

a) what individuals can be
b) what individuals will do
c) what individuals are like
d) organizational support
e) difference between men and women
9) For people who work hard but still do not achieve high performance
levels,there may be:
a) lack of fit between individuals attributes and task requirements.
b) improper allocation of rewards
c) low motivation
d) too much motivation
e) lack of psychological need satisfaction
10) Content motivation theories are represented by:

a) Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg, and McClland
b) Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg, and vroom
c) Maslow, Adams, Herzberg, and vroom
d) Alderfer, Adams, McClland,and vroom
e) Alderfer, Maslow, Adams
11) Intrinsic work rewards are:

a) received by an indivdual directly as a result of task performance.
b) externally controlled
c) sometimes internally controlled,sometimes externally controlled.
d) generally less important than extrinsic reward.
e) generally outside the control of managers.
12) Vertical job loading involves:

a) employee planning and evaluating responsibilities.
b) performance of more tasks.
c) performance of different tasks on different days.
d) employee cleanup responsibilities
e) employee promotion up the organization hierarchy
13) Job enrichment:

a) must be directed towards individuals
b) must be directed towards groups
c) can be directed toward either groups or individuals.
d) tends to receive strong labor union support
e) can be applied to all workers equally well.
14) Rewarding individual results tends to:

a) increase cohesiveness
b) decrease cohesiveness
c) increase performance norms
d) decrease performance norms
e) have little or no effect on cohesiveness nor performance norms
15) The process whereby individuals or groups are held responsible for
making their own decisions is known as:
a) autonomy
b) empowerment
c) team building
d) multiskilling
e) self-responsibility
16) Which of the following term is used in leadership research to describe a

leader who shows a great degree of emphasis on the welfare of his/her
subordinates?
a) employee-centered
b) production-centered
c) compassion-centered
d) work -oriented
e) structure-centered
17) Charisma is related to which type of leadership?

a) managerial
b) transformational
c) relationship motivated
d) employee-centered
e) structuring
18) What are the two basic type of leadership?

a) ethical and programmed
b) programmed and crafted
c) programmed and certain
d) crafted and uncertain
e) non routine and crafted
19) Interpersonal communications is the:

a) process of translating and idea or thought into meaningful symbols.
b) interpretation of symbols sent from sender to the receiver.
c) process by which entities exchange information and establish a common
understanding.
d) process of telling someone else how can feels about something the person
did or said about the situation in general.
e) process of sending and receiving symbols with attached
meanings--from one person---to another.
20) Effective communication occurs when:

a) the receiver does as the sender says.
b) job satisfaction is improved
c) the intended meaning of the source is the same as the perceived
meaning of the receiver
d) the sender is clear and articulate
e) the receiver provides feedback to the sender.
(1) Who has defined Public Administration as a detailed and systematic

application of law? Every particular application of law is an act
administration:
(a) L.D. White
(b) Woodrow Wilson
(C) Pfiffner
(d) Luther Guilik
(e) None of these
(2) What is another view of the scope of POSDCORB study of public

Administration in modern times?
(a) Subject matter view of Public AD.
(b) principle view of P.Ad
(c) Process view of P. Ad
(d) Coordination view of P.Ad
(e)none of these
(3) The Human-relation approach was the result of over-emphasized the

character of scientific - movement approach. Name the leader of this
approach:
(a) Max-Weber
(b) Elton Mayo
(c) F.J Taylor
(d) Roehthlisborge
(e)none of these
(4) The bureaucracy has been defined as a system of administration

characterized by expertness, impartiality and absence of humanity. who
defined this.
(a) Charles Kannady
(b) Max-weber
(c) Braibanti Ralph
(d) Peter M . Blau
(e)none of these
(5) What do u assess the status of bureaucracy under devolution plan-2000?

whether they have become?
(a) Reformer.
(b) Pariah
(c) more responsible
(d) more nationalist
(e)none of these
(6) The system-theory is mostly applied in militry operations because:
(a) it is most objective

(b) it has many alternatives
(c) it is less costly
(d) it has many major policy alternatives
(e) none of these
(7) The charismatic leadership whose authority has a legitimacy based on

charismatic grounds. Do u think it is suitable in Pakistan on following
grounds:
(a) Social - relation grounds
(b) political grounds
(c) Larger mission grounds
(d) organizational grounds
(e) None
(8) There r many bases of administrative leadership, u select one more

suitable:
(a) more appropriate base
(b) political base
(c) economic base
(d) dynamic base
(e) institutional base
(f) none
(9) in ur view which is the best way of tackling administrative complaints:

(a) By judiciary
(b)By legislature
(c) By people representation
(d) By professional bodies
(e) none
(10) In the best interest of country, what types of planning is more suitable
and appropriate:
(a) Participative
(b) Physical
(c) Social
(d) Economic
(e) None
(11) there are many theories of organization bt all have been classified in
two. which theory u consider viable in present era?
(a) Human relation theory
(b) Mechanistic theory
(c) Behavioural theory
(d) communication theory
(e) None
(12) The units of organization r divided into line unit and staff unit according
to their functions. u name the units accordingly:
(a) Advisory
(b) legislative
(c) judicial
(d) executive
(e) none
(13)`the following r the foundations of modern personal system. which

system u preferred most:
(a) tenure system
(b) merit system
(c) public service as a career
(d) system of position classification
(e) none
(14) there r many sources of coordination and control which r mentioned

blow. which source u consider more viable?
(a) human attributes
(b) function differentiation
(c) specialization
(d) delegation of authority
(e) none
(15) the proper continuity of communication system in public administration

is a serious problem. u point out which hindrance blow must be removed
first?
(a) language difficulty
(b) frame of mind
(c) status distance
(d) geographical distance
(e) none
(16) you point out correct on in the following:

(a) Deficit-financing is boon in developing countries
(b) Deficit-financing is curse in the developing countries
(c) Deficit-budgeting is a boon in the developing countries
(d) Deficit-budgeting is a curse in the developing countries
(e) none
(17) U tick out the correct one machinery which is most effective in financial
admn.
(a) Legislature
(b) the central department concerned with financial Admn.
(c) principal financial officers in the administrative deptt.
(d) audit organization
(e) none
(18) the oral and written communication of individual is mentioned in the

following. u mark out the most effective communication.
(a) discretion of the individual
(b) individual skills
(c) individual intelligence
(d) personal contacts
(e) none
(19) the followings r some administrative changes r made made under

administrative reform-1972. u point out the most sustainable change in it:
(a) reorganization of secretariat and departmental structure
(b) eradication of corruption
(c) steam lining of disciplinary procedure
(d) reorganization of system retirement
(e) none
(20) point out the most important defect in public bureaucracy of Pakistan.
some are given below:
(a) Exploitative
(b) Aggrandizing
(c) corrupt
(d) most privileged
(e) none
Q.1. Select the best one.
1. All are the characteristics of Administration except:

a. It is a science and art
b. Has techniques that are universally applicable
c. Is a profession
d. Is not distinct from ownership
e .None of these
2. According to an early definition that kind of management which conducts

a business or affairs by standards established by facts or truth gained
through systematic observation experiments or reasoning is known as
a. Classical management
b. Bureaucratic management
c. Neo-classical management
d. Scientific management
e. None of these
3. H.Foyal, Terry, Koontz and O’ Donnel had the following view regarding
Administration and management
a. Management and Administration are one
b. Administration is a part of Management
c. Management and Administration are different
d. Depends on the type of organization
e. None of these
4. Human Relations approach was a metamorphic step in management

theory and practice. The studies for this movement were carried out at
a. Hawthorne plant at Western Electric Company, Chicago
b. Hawthorne plant at Harvard University
c. HRD Department, Stanford University
d. General Electric Company, New york
e. None of these
5. The Principle of unity of command implies

a. In union there is strength
b. Employees should receive orders from one superior only
c. Group to be assigned the responsibility of commanding
d. Command be equally distributed among horizontal line
e. None of these
6. Which of the following was not enunciated as a principle of management

by Henry Fayol
a. Division of work
b. Planning and Organization
c. Authority and responsibility
d. Espirit de corps
e. None of these
7. A Plan is a determined course of action. The first major step in the

process is
a. Developing premises
b. Stating organizational objectives
c. Developing plans
d. Putting plans into action
e. None of these
8. Which of the statements given below regarding decision making is false?

a .It is a continuous process
b. It implies a choice
c. It is an intellectual activity
d. Decision making is identical with problem solving
e. None of these
9. Which of the following statements about span of management is false?

a. A manager cannot supervise the activities of an unlimited number of
people
b. Span of management directly affects the number of management levels in
the organization
c. The capacity and the ability of the executive have absolutely no
role in determining the span of management
d. Higher the degree of decentralization, larger can the span of management
be
e. None of these
10. Line organization is most suitable where

a. Business is carried on large scale
b. Methods of operations are complex
c. Where expertise of specialist is required
d. All of these
e. None of these
11. Managerial authority denotes

a. Right to act or direct the action of other in attainment of
organizational goals
b. Right to give orders and power to extract obedience
c. Supreme coordinating power
d. All of these
e. None of these
12. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Authority and responsibility co-exist
b. Responsibility can be delegated
c. Accountability arise out responsibility
d. Authority is the Supreme coordinating power
e. None of these
13. Decentralization is (as an organization concept)

a. Delegation of actual performance of work
b. Physical or geographical dispersal of its activities
c. Delegation of decision making
d. All of these
e. None of these
14. Personnel functions is a

a. Line function
b. Staff functions
c. Can be either line or staff
d. Neither line nor staff
e. None of these
15. All of the following statements regarding manpower planning are true
except
a. Manpower planning is merely forecasting of demand and supply of
humans resources
b. planning of Manpower is a continuous process
c. Manpower plans may be formal or informal
d. Manpower planning is a vital managerial function
e. None of these
16. Job description implies

a. Personal capacities and inclinations deemed necessary for successful job
performance.
b. Written statement of the main duties and responsibilities which
job entails
c. Process that ensures that right kind of people at the right placed at the
right time do thing for which they are economically most useful
d. None of these
17 .An individual who systematically develops a subordinate’s abilities

through intensive tutoring is named as
a. Mentor
b. Manager
c. supervisor
d. Peer
e. None of these
18. A plan for allowing each employee to determine the make-up of his or
her fringe benefit Package is
a. Compensation
b. Salary administration
c. Cafeteria compensation
d. Loaning
e. None of these
19. Which of the following statement regarding the communication is false

a. communication is perception
b. communication is expectation
c. communication provides for feedback mechanism
d. communication and information are synonymous
e. None of these
20. Open door policy is an aid to

a. Downward communication
b. upward communication
c. Both a & b
d. None of these
Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in appropriate box on the
answer sheet. (20)
1.Health and wellness is a currently important work-related value

(a) true
(b) false
2.The cognitive component of an attitude consists of beliefs and values
antecedents
(a) true
(b) false
3.The effective component of an attitude is a specific feeling regarding the

personal impact of the antecedents.
(a) True
(b) false
4.An attitude results in intended behavior.

(a) true
(b) false
5. Job satisfaction is closely related to organizational commitment and job

environment.
(a) true
(b) false
6.A loyalty response to low job satisfaction occurs when an employee

passively waits for conditions to improve because of a trend in the
organization.
(a) true
(b) false
7.Expectancy can have both positive and negative results for a manager.
(a) true
(b) false
8.The earliest studies of leadership tended to focus on leader behavior

(a) true
(b) false
9.Transactional leadership includes charisma.

(a) true
(b) false
10.Leader behaviors for high performance work teams tend to be

charismatic.
(a) true
(b) false
11.One major power that bureaucracy has is simply its staying power.
(a) true
(b) false
12.Implement is the most “hands-on” facet of public administration.

(a) true
(b) false
13.A geographical information system is a location-related computer

programme data and maps for a variety of uses.
(a) true
(b) false
14. The most powerful reason for the growing recognition of the global
economy is
(a) the growth of international trade groupings and pacts.
(b) that more people are working domestically for foreign employees..
(c) that the major cities of the western world are culturally heterogeneous.
(d) that domestic organization are feeling the impact of international
competition.
15. The learned and shared ways of thinking and doing things found among
members of a society is known as:
(a) Parochialism
(b) Culture shock
(c) Culture
(d) Ethnocentrism
(e) Domestic multiculturalism
16. Each of the following is a popular dimension of culture except:

(a) Language
(b) Use of space
(c) Religion
(d) Individualism
(e) Time orientation
17. To help combat selective perception, a manager should:

(a) View the situation as others view it
(b) Give more performance feedback to subordinates
(c) Spend more time helping subordinates learn job skills
(d) Gather additional opinions about a situation from others
(e) Increase feedback to subordinates and train them personally
18. Assigning personal attributes to other individuals is known as:

(a) Stereotyping
(b) The halo effect
(c) Selective perception
(d) Projection
(e) Expectancy
19. The key elements of the communication process include all but which of
the following:
(a) An interpreter
(b) A receiver
(c) A source
(d) Feedback
(e) Noise
20. Nonverbal communication is:

(a) The acknowledgment of a message and a response to its reception.
(b) Communication through physical gesture
(c) The same as noise
(d) Anything that interferes with the effectiveness of the communication
attempt
(e) Often unimportant during interviews.
Q1. Select the best option / answer and fill in the appropriate box on
the Answer Sheet. (20).
(i). The difference between public administration and business

administration is :
(a) amount of political and legal constraints on decision making
(b) the emphasis on efficiency
(c) management structure and processes
(d) no difference between public administration and business administration
(e) None of these
(ii) The emphasis of the politics-administration dichotomy is on:

(a) the focus or "what" of public administration
(b) the actors or "who" of public administration
(c) the span or "when" of public administration
(d) the locus or "where" of public administration
(e) None of these
(iii) Gulick and Urwick's POSDCORB anagram was:

(a) reference to the locus of public administration
(b) a listing of when to utilize public administration
(c) an expression of administrative principles to follow
(d) a means of identifying the problem associate with bureaucracy
(e) None of these
(iv) The three components that compromise publicness and privateness in

society are:
(a) bureaucracy, consistancy and budget
(b) administration, management and organization
(c) execution, regulation and structure
(d) agency, access, interest
(e) None of these
(v) Simon refuted the administrative

(a) revealing the administrative principles
(b) showing that for every principle there is a counter-principle
(c) explaining that administrative principles can only be used in complex
organization
(d) relating that administrative principles always allowed for rational
descisions
(e) None of these
(vi) The New Public Management can be best described as:

(a) public administration in 21st century
(b) bureaucratic model of public administration
(c) application of business practices in public management
(d) a mechanism for improving service delivery
(e) None of these
(vii) The open model for organization is referred to as:

(a) hierarchical and militaristic
(b) technological and anti-humanistic
(c) restrictive and rigid
(d) collegial and competitive
(e) None of these
(viii) The aim of Taylor's scientific management was to:

(a) stress individual accomplishment over organizational yield
(b) reduce production and increase morale
(c) improve organizational efficiency and production'
(d) alter machinery to lessen burden on the labour force
(e) None of these
(xi) In comparison to managers of private organizations, public bureaucrats

must:
(a) spend less time on external environment and more time on internal
management
(b) spend more time on external environment and less time on internal
management
(c) spend less time on both external environment and internal management
(d) spend more time on both external environment and internal
management
(e) None of these
(x) Supervision as a mechanism of control over subordinates has been

founded to be:
(a) the most effective mechanism of control
(b) as effective as input control
(c) the less effective mechanism of control
(d) more effective than behavior control
(e) None of these
(xi) According to Weber, the three types of leadership are:

(a) charismatic, traditional, legal/rational
(b) titular, controllers, organizers
(c) institutionalists, specialists, hybrids
(d) charismatic, institutionalists, specialists
(e) None of these
(xii) In terms of public administration, one defines a system:

(a) according to the organizational structure
(b) according to the administrative effectiveness
(c) according to problem one wishes to resolve
(d) according to the amount of resource available
(e) None of these
(xiii) The advantage of systems approach is:
(a) it allows us to disregard the differences in world views
(b) it allows means and ends to remain ambiguous
(c) it forces us to delineate the differences and similarities in world
views and improves efficiency and effectiveness
(d) it allows for new and fresh solutions to old and distressing problems
(e) None of these
(xiv) According to humanists approach, the management scientist's system

is incomplete because:
(a) it fails to factor in the variable of environment and instability
(b) it fails to account for the variable of uniquely human qualities
such as genius and despair
(c) it gives too much emphasis to the variable of uniquely human qualities
(d) it does not consider quantifiable and measureable variables
(e) None of these
(xv) The purpose of decision tree is:

(a) decision alternatives
(b) cost analysis
(c) project coordination
(d) time analysis
(e) None of these
(xvi) the line-item budget covers:

(a) inputs only
(b) outputs only
(c) inputs and outputs
(d) neither inputs nor outputs
(e) None of these
(xvii) Performance budget covers:

(a) inputs only
(b) outputs only
(c) neither inputs nor outputs
(d) inputs and outputs
(e) None of these
(xviii) The essential difference between management-by-objectives and

planning-programming-budgeting is that:
(a) MBO does not necessarily focus on inputs
(b) MBO does not necessarily focus on outputs
(b) MBO does not necessarily focus on alternatives
(b) MBO necessarily focus on alternatives
(e) None of these
(xix) one of the salient feature of civil service system of Pakistan is:
(a) preference for contract appointments
(b) preference for professionals
(c) preference for generalists
(d) preference for doctors
(e) None of these
(xx) Public goods differ from private goods on the basis of:
(a) price
(b) delivery
(c) exclusion
(d) public interest
(e) None of these
(i) Public administration refers to:

(a) A process
(b) A discipline
(c) A field of study
(d) All of these
(ii) The concept of “separation between politics and public administration”

was first propounded by:
(a) Aristotle
(b) Woodrow Wilson
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Machiavelli
(iii) The famous fourteen principles of organization were given by:

(a) Plato
(b) Henri Fayol
(c) Fredrick Taylor
(d) Max Weber
(iv) The author of the famous essay “ The Study of Administration” was:
(a) Dwight Waldo
(b) Woodrow Wilson
(c) Fredrick Taylor
(d) Margaret Thatcher
(v) Span of control means:

(a) Tenure on a post
(b) Geographical jurisdiction
(c) Power to control others
(d) Number of subordinates under a superior
(vi) Job description relates to appointing a suitable person on a job:

(a) True
(b) False
(vii) Job specification defines the parameters of the job to be done:

(a) True
(b) False
(viii) Proper job analysis is based on:

(a) Job description
(b) Job specification
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
(ix) Bureaucracy refers to:

(a) Red tape
(b) The totality of government officials
(c) A specific set of structural arrangement
(d) All of these
(x) The mnemonic POSDCORB for management was introduced by:

(a) James Mooney
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Luther Gulick
(d) None of these
(xi) The famous Hawthorne experiments were conducted by:

(a) Elton Mayo
(b) Abraham H. Maslow
(c) Mark Twain
(d) None of these
(xii) “Hawthorne effect” refers to increase in productivity because of:

(a) Good physical working environment
(b) Secure job
(c) Presence of observers
(d) None of these
(xiii) Maslow’s highest need in his “hierarchy of needs” was:

(a) Love or affiliation needs
(b) Self –actualization needs
(c) Esteem needs
(d) None of these
(xiv) “The average human being inherently dislikes work”

(a) An assumption of theory X
(b) An assumption of theory Y
(c) An assumption of theory Z
(d) None of these
(xv) Spoils system refers to:

(a) Management through objectives
(b) Public sector concept of staffing
(c) Awarding jobs to political supporters
(d) None of these
(xvi) Deficit financing is:

(a) Excess revenues
(b) Excess expenditures
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
(xvii) Performance audit is used as a comparison between:

(a) Actual expenditure and booked expenditure
(b) Revenue collected and potential revenue
(c) Activities of an organization with the assigned objectives
(d) None of these
(xviii) A whistle blower in an organization is a person:

(a) Who reveals bad things about his department to the public
(b) Who is a good singer
(c) Who is assigned security duties
(d) None of these
(xix) The budget cycle is:

(a) The duration for which it is applicable
(b) The process through which it has to go
(c) The time frame of preparation
(d) None of these
(xx) Group dynamics refers to:

(a) Nature of a group
(b) Development of a group
(c) Interrelationship of a group
(d) All of these

organization?
(C) Power
(D) Centralization
(E) None of these
(B) Formal Structure is the answer
CSS 2002
organization's:
(e) None of these
(c) Long range Plan
(e) None of these
CSS 2006

a) learning
Some suggestions; members may check!

It would be appropriate to select the following options in these MCQs;
CSS 2010
(xv) The purpose of decision tree is:

(a) decision alternatives
(b) cost analysis
(c) project coordination
(d) time analysis
(e) None of these
CSS 2011

(a) Job description
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these

(a) Henri Fayol
(b) F. W. Taylor
(d) Frank Gilbreth
(e) None of these
the father of scientific management is F.W.Taylor.

the right answer is hanri fayol or f.w.taylor in above mentioned MCQ???
Correct Answers (in my opinion) for the following MCQs

e. None of these

by Henry Fayol
a. Division of work
d. Espirit de corps
e. None of these
[B]

(a) true
(b) false
Transactional Leadership, also known as managerial leadership, focuses on

the role of supervision, organization, and group performance; transactional
leadership is a style of leadership in which the leader promotes compliance
of his/her followers through both rewards and punishments.
Clearly, transactional leadership does not include

charisma, transformational leadership does
Solved Public Administration MCQs (2000-2011)
________________________________________
9. Write only the correct answers in the Answer Book. Don’t reproduce the
questions.
(1) The founder of Scientific Management School of thought was:

(a) F.W. Taylor
(b) Herber Simon
(c) Pfiffner John
(d) Mary Parker Follet
(2) The father of Human Relations theory was:

(a) Douglas M. McGregor
(b) Elton Mayo
(c) E.N.Gladden
(d) L. Urwick
(3) The founding father of theory of Bureaucracy was:

(a)Herman Finer
(b) La Palombra
(b) Max Weber
(d) Albert Lepawsky
(4) Systems theory of management is based on the concept of components

having:
(a) Independence
(b) Inter- dependence
(c) Dependence
(d) Contingency
(5) Bureaucracy of Pakistan is:

(a) Elitist
(b) Agilitarian
(c) Oligarchy
(d) Paternalistic
(6) Administrative accountability is established in government organizations

by:
(a) Executive
(b) Legislature
(c) Judiciary
(d) All the three above
(7) The first book on Public Administration was written by:

(a) Pfiffner and Presthus
(b) L. D. White
(c). Simon, Smithburg and Thompson
(d) E.N. Gladden
(8) Public Administration is the study of:

(a) Maintenance of Law and Order
(b) Control of trade and commerce
(c) Public Policy implementation
(d) Politico-administrative dynamics of the state.
(9) Planning machinery in Pakistan is:

(a) Centralized
(b) Decentralized
(c) Departmentalized
(d) Compartmentalized
(10) Financially the performance of public corporations in Pakistan during

the last decade has been:
(a) Excellent
(b) Good
(c) Satisfactory
(d) Poor
(11) Public Personnel Management in Pakistan is based on the principle of:

(a) Spoils
(b) Patronage
(c) Merit
(d) Give and take
(12) Communication runs faster in:

(a) Centralized structure
(b) Decentralized structure
(c) Matrix structure
(d) Line structure
(13) Performance budgeting is based on:
(a) items of expenditure
(b) items of investment
(c) objectives of expenditure
(d) plan of implementation
(14) The concept of Politics-Administration dichotomy was given by:

(a) Frank Henry Good now
(b) James W. Fes1er
(c) W Paul Appleby
(d) Ordway Tead
(15) The form of Leadership in the bureaucracy of Pakistan js:

(a) Aristocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Dictatorial
(d) Paternalistic
(16) The President of U. S. who laid the foundation of the study of public
administration was:
(a) President Wilson
(b) President Hoover
(c) President Kennedy
(d) President Roosevelt
(17) Formal relationship in an organization is based On:

(a) Friendship
(b) Peer groups
(c) Authority on subordinates
(d) Rules and Regulations
(18) The Ideal Model of bureaucracy is based on authority of:

(a) Tradition
(b) Charisma
(c) Legal rational
(d) Money
(19) Pressure groups in public administration work for:

(a) Public interest
(b) Self-interest
(c) Foreign interest
(d) Sectoral interest
(20) The administrative reforms under which various services were merged
in occupational groups were introduced in:
(a)1960
(b) 1973
(c) 1989
(d) 1994
________________________________________
Q. 9. Write only the correct answers in the Answer Book. Don’t reproduce
the questions.

(E) None of these
(2) The concept of "bounded rationality" was given by:

(A) Wax Weber
(B) F. W. Riggs
(C) Herbert Simon
(D) Abraham Maslow
(E) None of these

(E) None of these
(A) Rationalism.
(B) Communication.
(C) Socialism.
(D) Humanism
(E) None of these
(5) The author of "The Function of the Executive" is:

(A) F. W. Taylor
(B) Chester Bernard
(D) Henry Fayol
(E) None of these
(A) Equity
(B) Efficiency
(C) Effectiveness
(D) Bureaucracy
(E) None of these

Max Weber?
(A) Authority
(B) Hierarchy
(C) Publicness
(D) Civil society
(E) None of these.

organization?
(C) Power
(D) Centralization
(E) None of these

(E) None of these
(10) McGregor's name is most commonly associated with one of the

following:
(D) Human Relations
(E) None of these
(11) Legal-rational authority" is a core concept of:

(C) Maslow's Theory of Motivation
(E) None of these
(12}One of the four functional imperative of a system identified by the

Talcott Parsons is:
(A) Efficiency
(B) Effectiveness
(C) Adaptation
(D) Entropy
(E) None of these
(13) "Entropy" is a law of nature in which all forms of organizations move

towards:
(E) None of these

(A) Religion
(B) Islam.
(D) Psychology.
(E) None of these.
(A) Leonard While
(C) Talcott Parsons
(D) F.W. Taylor
(E) None of these
(16) Which one of the following is the foundation of modern Human

Resource
(A) Specialization
(B) Compensation
(C) Job Analysis
(D) Job Evaluation
(E) None of these
(17) The process of transmitting the idea or thought into meaningful

symbols is called:
(A) Decoding
(B) Feedback
(C) Reception
(D) Encoding
(E) None of these

(A) A Hospital
(B) A University
(E) None of these

(E) None of these.

(A) Accountability
(B) Transparency
(C) Nepotism
(D) Rule of law
(E) None or these.
__________________
_______________________________________
8. Write only the correct choice in the Answer Book. Don't reproduce the
statement.
1. An organization which successfully achieve the goals will be considered

as:
(a) Efficient
(b) Systemic
(c) Effective
(d) Reasonable
(e) None of these
2. An organization using its resources wisely and in a cost effectively way is

considered:
(a) Conservative
(b) Modern
(c) Effective
(d) Efficient
(e) None of these
3. Grouping activities and resources in an organization is a function of:

(a) Leading
(b) Organizing
(c) Coordination
(d) Monitoring
(e) None of these

(a) Henri Fayol
(b) F. W. Taylor
(d) Frank Gilbreth
(e) None of these
5. The most articulate spokesperson of Administrative Management was:

(a) Max Weber
(b) Chester Barnard
(c) Lyndall Urwick
(d) Henri Fayol
(e) None of these
6. Hawthorne studies were mainly conducted by:

(a) Elton Mayo
(b) Hugo Munsterberg
(c) Mary Parker
(d) Henry Gantt
(e) None of these
7. Two or more sub systems working together to produce more than the
total of what they might produce working alone is
(a) Open System
(b) Closed System
(c) Sub System
(d) Synergy
(e) None of these
8. An attempt to integrate common business practices from the United

States and Japan into one middle ground framework has been termed as:
(a) Theory X
(b) Theory Y
(c) Type Z Model
(d) Universal Model
(e) None of these
organization's:
(e) None of these
10. The appropriate managerial behavior in a given situation depends on a

wide variety of elements is:
(a) Classical Approach
(b) Quantitative Approach
(c) Behavioral Approach
(d) Contingency Approach
(e) None of these
11. A goal set by and for top management of the organization is:
(a) Tactical Goal
(b) Strategic Goal
(c) Operational Goal
(d) Specific Goal
(e) None of these
12. Balancing and reconciling possible conflicts among goals is:

(a) Communication
(b) Leading
(c) Inconsistency
(d) Optimizing
(e) None of these
(c) Long range Plan
(e) None of these
14. Behavior that does not conform to generally social norms will be
considered as:
(a) Arrogant Behavior
(b) Arbitrary Behavior
(c) Ethical Behavior
(d) Unethical Behavior
(e) None of these
15. Conceptual and Diagnostic skills in an organization are mostly used by:
(a) General managers
(b) Top managers
(c) Middle managers
(d) First line managers
(e) None of these
16. A theory suggesting that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs

was advanced by:
(a) Douglas Mc Gregor
(b) Arthur D. Little
(c) Abraham Maslow
(d) F. W. Riggs
(e) None of these
17. The extent to which an organization complies with local, state and
Federal Laws is:
(a) Social Compliance
(b) Philanthropic Awarding
(c) Ethical Compliance
(d) Legal Compliance
(e) None of these
18. The process by which a manager assigns some of his total work load to
others is:
(a) Decentralization
(b) Delegation
(c) Division of work
(d) Centralization
(e) None of these
19. Power that has been legitimized by the state is:

(a) Political authority
(b) Charismatic authority
(c) Traditional authority
(d) Legal authority
(e) None of these
20. A condition in which the availability of each alternative and its potential
payoff and costs are all associated with probability estimates is:
(a) State of risk
(b) State of certainty
(c) State of mild certainty
(d) State of high certainty
(e) None of these
__________________
________________________________________
8. Write only correct answer in the answer book. Do not reproduce the
question.
(1) The connection between the politics and public administration is:
a) Politics seeks to deal controversial issues and public administration is the
means whereby decisions are implemented.
b) The politicians and administrators do not share unique partnership.
c) Public administrator indulges in party politics.
d) Administrators having strong political conviction, they cannot pursue a
carrier of public servant.
e) None of these
2. How the Role of public administration is determined by the people or

Government? Can it be a
a) The civilization fails means the breakdown of public administration.
b) Modern democracy can perform this job well.
c) Moral conviction is vital for its role.
d) Social and economical developments are more feasible than any branch of
government.
e) None of these
3. Human Relations is the study of the people in action that is:

a) The people work in a team spirit or not.
b) Social factors are equally important besides technical.
c) Human aspect’s ignorance is at management’s risk
d) Human’s dignity is inseparable from human relations.
e) None of these
4. Management improvement is possible by systematic theory if:

a) Investigator helps the decision-maker in solving problem.
b) Systematic theory identifies with operation research.
c) Defence problem’s programming is done smoothly.
d) It ascertains the future performance.
e) None of these
5.The bureaucracy has certain characteristics that are:

a) It is hero or villain or form of social organization.
b) It has pathological tendencies.
c) It has a specialized structure of the nation.
d) It is indispensable in modern country.
e) None of these
6. Bureaucracy is seen as corruptible or otherwise:
a) Bureaucracy is essential and necessary evil.
b) Bureaucracy’s role as a pariah or savior.
c) Bureaucracy is suspected politically.
d) If bureaucracy fails, it is accused as pariah.
e) None of these
7. Administrative leadership’s character inspires confidence when it uses:

a) Force and bargain to achieve goals.
b) Bases adequately built up
c) Leader must become the servant of the people
d) Leader must possess professional ethics.
e) None of these
8. Administrative accountability must be accompanied by:

a) If power is not abused.
b) If Ombudsman is independent and non-partisan.
c) If it brings home through legislature.
d) It can be achieved through responsible government.
e) None of these
9. Judicial control can achieve administrative accountability successfully if:

a) Rule of law is strictly followed.
b) Judicial process should not be cumbersome.
c) Judicial process should be easy and approachable.
d) Administrative action must be under judicial review.
e) None of these
10. Planning and its technique is common to all human activity such as:
a) Unity of programme and timeliness of programme.
b) Peoples following is necessary for successful plan.
c) Planners require reliable data for success.
d) Coordination is must in viable planning.
e) None of these
11. How can effective planning be made meaningful:

a) If it has management support
b) Its objective must be clearly defined.
c) Its feasibility standards mush show wisdom
d) It provides valuable learning experience.
e) None of these
12. Public corporation is the innovation of 20th century. The basic features
are:
a) Public corporation is a corporation by courtesy
b) It is created for particular purpose.
c) It is the result of Government’s entry into business.
d) It has virtue of business management.
e) None of these
13. Mechanistic theory is formal structure of organization. Its functions are:

a) Drawing up plan for large-scale enterprises
b) It does not tally with realities.
c) It s the result of Government’s entry into business
d) A human problem requires human solution.
e) None of these
14. The organization is the act of designing administrative structure. It

requires:
a) The determination of what activities are necessary.
b) No engineering approach to achieve goal.
c) Staff for managing it.
d) The allocation of functions and responsibilities to individual.
e) None of these
15. Centralization and decentralization are the problems of relationship

between higher and lower levels of government. They can be solved by:
a) Introduction of local bodies in the country.
b) Solving territorial and functional problems
c) Solving the jurisdictional disputes.
d) Active determination of external factors between the two
e) None of these
16. Zero-base budgeting evaluates current and new activities and programs
which solve:
a) The governmental programs in detail.
b) The risks involving decision-developing and ranking packages.
c) The organizational services programs.
d) The basic developmental issues.
e) None of these
17. The civil services of Pakistan have become a caste by themselves

involving public criticism such as:
a) They are legacies of British colonial rule
b) They have lowered the quality of national life.
c) They have breeded corruption and inefficiencies.
d) They have become professionally incompetent.
e) None of these
18. Communication is a crucial element in administration and felt by:

a) As the heart of management.
b) As it makes administrative procedure smooth.
c) As it is the nerve center of administration.
d) As it is the blood stream of the organization.
e) None of these
19. Co-ordination is the removal of conflicts from the organization by:

a) Securing co-operation and team work
b) Securing organizational goals
c) Securing harmonious organization
d) Removing overlapping and working cross purposes.
e) None of these
20. The Public Services of Pakistan can be made worthwhile if:

a) Young men and women are recruited on merit.
b) They are not used for political ulterior motives.
c) They are trained in nationalistic spirit and religious values
d) They must be awarded equal opportunity of advancement.
e) None of these
__________________
________________________________________
Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the
question.
(1) In an organization, if uniformity of standards and policies is maintained

and the head provides direction to all activities, then it is sign of:
(a) Efficiency
(b) Decentralization
(c) Centralizations
(d) Effective Coordination
(e) "None of these
(2) Span of Control 1 Means:

(a) Power to control an enterprise
(b) Duration of executive control
(c) Number of subordinates under a superior's direct control
(d) Overall control of an organization
(e) None of these
(3) Public corporations have been created with the objective of:
(a) Increased profits
(b) Handling large scale projects
(c) Creating various job opportunities
(d) Operational flexibility and autonomy
(e) None of these
(4) In United State the practice of making appointments in public services on

the basis of political affiliation and personal relationship is known as:
(a) Party Privilege
(b) Spoils System
(c) Fitness Principle
(d) Discretion System
(e) None of these
(5) In some countries office of the Procurator General, has been created to:
(a) Ensure the working of government departments according to rules and
regulations.
(b) Provide legal support to administrative bodies.
(c) Assess the training needs of government departments.
(d) Advocate cases on behalf of the government in the court of law.
(e) None of these.
(6) Rcole National d' Administration of France acts as:

(a) A consulting organization to improve administration.
(b) An institution of higher learning
(c) A recruiting-cum-training agency.
(d) A public complaint office
(e) None of these
(7) The necessary purpose of financial audit should be to focus on:

(a) Whether the expenditure was incurred for right purpose.
(b) Whether the expenditure had the approval of the top management.
(c) Whether the expenditure was in accordance with rules and procedures.
(d) Whether the expenditure was made on proper time.
(e) None of these.
8-fiscal deficit in government budget can be reduced by:

(a) Improving the productivity of the departments.
(b) Closing down some of the expensive projects.
(c) Banning the recreational activities.
(d) Rationalizing expenditure for economy.
(e) None of these.
9-In the Maslovv's hierarchy of needs, the middle level needs have been
categorized as:
(a.) Self fulfillment needs
(b) Survival needs
(c) Security needs
(d) Egoistic needs
(e) None of these
10-Motivation is the function of intrinsic factors such as appreciation,

recognition etc. who gave this theory?
(a)Victor Veroom
(b) Herbert Simon
(c) Fredrick Hcrzberg
(d) David Me Clelland
(e) None of these
11-One of the following is not the function of the Cabinet Division of the
Federal Government:
(a) Preparation of the agenda for Cabinet meeting.
(b) Recording Ihe decisions of (he Cabinet.
(c) Follow up 'of the implementation of Cabinet decisions.
(d) Provision of staff to Cabinet members.
(e) None of these.
(12) Which of the following is categorized as a strategic decision:

(a) An officer approving the application for driving license.
(b) An executive ordering the transfer of an employee in another
department.
(c) A head of the department approving a financial sanction.
(d) A committee approving a new rule to meet the future public
requirements.
(e) None of these.
(13) A budget is essentially a statement of:

(a) Identification of targets to be achieved.
(b) Surplus or deficit of the previous budget.
(c) Estimated revenue and expenditure over a period of time.
(d) Allocation of funds in various heads of expenditure.
(e) None of these.
14-The categorization of functions with reference to their direct or indirect

concern with the achievement of organizational goals is called as:
(a) Primary and Secondary functions
(b) Line and Staff functions
(c) Major and Minor functions
(d) Central and Peripheral functions
(e) None of these
15-Who wrote the famous book "Research on the Bureaucracy in Pakistan":

(a) Muneer Ahmad
(b) Brian Chapman
(c) Inayatullah
(d) Ralph Braibanti
(e) None of these
16-Administrative Reforms-have been a consistent effort in Pakistan since

independence.
The first Re-organization Committee was constituted in 1947. Who headed
the Committee?
(a) Justice Muhammad Muneer
(b) Sir Victor Turner
(c) Akhtar Hussain
(d) Rowland Eggar
(e) None of these
17-In the Constitution of Pakistan, the subjects for legislation have been
divided into:
(a) Two Lists
(b) Three Lists
(c) Four Lists
(d) Five Lists
(e) None of these
18-One of (he most significant achievement of the Ford Foundation's

technical assistance to Pakistan in I960, was the establishment of:
(a) Pakistan Administrative Staff College, Lahore.
(b) National Institute of Public Administration Karachi.
(c) Secretariat Training Institute, Islamabad,
(d) National Defence College, Rawalpindi,
(e) None of these.
19-The introduction of the Section Officers Scheme in the Central (Federal)

Secretariat in 1961, was made on the recommendation contained in:
(a) Farooqi Report
(b) Cornelius Report
(c) Shoib Report
(d) G. Ahmed Report
(e) None of these
20-"Leaders are born and not made" is perception based on:

(a) Contingency Theory of leadership
(b) Trait Theory of Leadership
(c) Fiedler's Model of Leadership
(d) Situational Leadership
(e) None of these
__________________
________________________________________

1) The study of individuals and groups in organizations is known as:
a) total quality management
b) Human resource maintenance
c) the manager's challenge
d) the contingency approach
e) organizational behaviour
2) Organizational behaviour is:

a) a commitment to continuous improvement
work experiences
3) Total quality management is:

a) a commitment to continuous improvement.
work experiences.
4) Each of the following are requirements of twenty-first century managers

except that they:
a) must be prepared to deal with people of different ethnic and racial
backgrounds.
b) must value quality.
c) contend with a workforce whose skills match new tasks and technologies.
d) must personally do things to add value to the organization's ability to
meet customers' needs.
e) value diversity.

a) learning
6) The process of continuous learning from the full variety of one's actual
work and life experience is known as :
a) learning
e) the manager's challenge
7) The individual performance equation is concerned with:

a) capacity, willingness, opportunity
b) capacity , effort, opportunity
c) effectiveness, effort, willingness
d) effort , opportunity, threat
e) opportunity, capacity, intelligence
8) Personality contributes to considerations of:

a) what individuals can be
b) what individuals will do
c) what individuals are like
d) organizational support
e) difference between men and women
9) For people who work hard but still do not achieve high performance
levels,there may be:
a) lack of fit between individuals attributes and task requirements.
b) improper allocation of rewards
c) low motivation
d) too much motivation
e) lack of psychological need satisfaction
10) Content motivation theories are represented by:

a) Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg, and McClland
b) Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg, and vroom
c) Maslow, Adams, Herzberg, and vroom
d) Alderfer, Adams, McClland,and vroom
e) Alderfer, Maslow, Adams
11) Intrinsic work rewards are:

a) received by an indivdual directly as a result of task performance.
b) externally controlled
c) sometimes internally controlled,sometimes externally controlled.
d) generally less important than extrinsic reward.
e) generally outside the control of managers.
12) Vertical job loading involves:

a) employee planning and evaluating responsibilities.
b) performance of more tasks.
c) performance of different tasks on different days.
d) employee cleanup responsibilities
e) employee promotion up the organization hierarchy
13) Job enrichment:

a) must be directed towards individuals
b) must be directed towards groups
c) can be directed toward either groups or individuals.
d) tends to receive strong labor union support
e) can be applied to all workers equally well.
14) Rewarding individual results tends to:

a) increase cohesiveness
b) decrease cohesiveness
c) increase performance norms
d) decrease performance norms
e) have little or no effect on cohesiveness nor performance norms
15) The process whereby individuals or groups are held responsible for
making their own decisions is known as:
a) autonomy
b) empowerment
c) team building
d) multiskilling
e) self-responsibility
16) Which of the following term is used in leadership research to describe a

leader who shows a great degree of emphasis on the welfare of his/her
subordinates?
a) employee-centered
b) production-centered
c) compassion-centered
d) work -oriented
e) structure-centered
17) Charisma is related to which type of leadership?

a) managerial
b) transformational
c) relationship motivated
d) employee-centered
e) structuring
18) What are the two basic type of leadership?

a) ethical and programmed
b) programmed and crafted
c) programmed and certain
d) crafted and uncertain
e) non routine and crafted
19) Interpersonal communications is the:

a) process of translating and idea or thought into meaningful symbols.
b) interpretation of symbols sent from sender to the receiver.
c) process by which entities exchange information and establish a common
understanding.
d) process of telling someone else how can feels about something the person
did or said about the situation in general.
e) process of sending and receiving symbols with attached meanings--from
one person---to another.
20) Effective communication occurs when:

a) the receiver does as the sender says.
b) job satisfaction is improved
c) the intended meaning of the source is the same as the perceived meaning
of the receiver
d) the sender is clear and articulate
e) the receiver provides feedback to the sender.
__________________
________________________________________
(1) Who has defined Public Administration as a detailed and systematic

application of law? Every particular application of law is an act
administration:
(a) L.D. White
(b) Woodrow Wilson
(C) Pfiffner
(d) Luther Guilik
(e) None of these

(b) principle view of P.Ad
(e)none of these

approach:
(a) Max-Weber
(b) Elton Mayo
(c) F.J Taylor
(d) Roehthlisborge
(e)none of these
(4) The bureaucracy has been defined as a system of administration

characterized by expertness, impartiality and absence of humanity. who
defined this.
(a) Charles Kannady
(b) Max-weber
(c) Braibanti Ralph
(d) Peter M . Blau
(e)none of these

(a) Reformer.
(b) Pariah
(e)none of these

(b) it has many alternatives
(e) none of these

charismatic grounds. Do u think it is suitable in Pakistan on following
grounds:
(c) Larger mission grounds
(d) organizational grounds
(e) None

suitable:
(b) political base
(c) economic base
(d) dynamic base
(f) none

(a) By judiciary
(b)By legislature
(e) none
and appropriate:
(a) Participative
(b) Physical
(c) Social
(d) Economic
(e) None
(11) there are many theories of organization bt all have been classified in
two. which theory u consider viable in present era?
(e) None
(12) The units of organization r divided into line unit and staff unit according
to their functions. u name the units accordingly:
(a) Advisory
(b) legislative
(c) judicial
(d) executive
(e) none
(13)`the following r the foundations of modern personal system. which

system u preferred most:
(a) tenure system
(b) merit system
(e) none

(b) function differentiation
(c) specialization
(d) delegation of authority
(e) none
(15) the proper continuity of communication system in public administration

is a serious problem. u point out which hindrance blow must be removed
first?
(b) frame of mind
(c) status distance
(e) none

(d) Deficit-budgeting is a curse in the developing countries
(e) none
admn.
(a) Legislature
(b) the central department concerned with financial Admn.
(c) principal financial officers in the administrative deptt.
(d) audit organization
(e) none

(e) none

(a) reorganization of secretariat and departmental structure
(e) none
(a) Exploitative
(b) Aggrandizing
(c) corrupt
(d) most privileged
(e) none
#8
Friday, March 02, 2012
________________________________________
Q.1. Select the best one.
1. All are the characteristics of Administration except:

a. It is a science and art
b. Has techniques that are universally applicable
c. Is a profession
d. Is not distinct from ownership
e .None of these
2. According to an early definition that kind of management which conducts

a business or affairs by standards established by facts or truth gained
through systematic observation experiments or reasoning is known as
a. Classical management
b. Bureaucratic management
c. Neo-classical management
d. Scientific management
e. None of these
3. H.Foyal, Terry, Koontz and O’ Donnel had the following view regarding
Administration and management
a. Management and Administration are one
b. Administration is a part of Management
c. Management and Administration are different
d. Depends on the type of organization
e. None of these

e. None of these
5. The Principle of unity of command implies

a. In union there is strength
b. Employees should receive orders from one superior only
c. Group to be assigned the responsibility of commanding
d. Command be equally distributed among horizontal line
e. None of these

by Henry Fayol
a. Division of work
d. Espirit de corps
e. None of these
7. A Plan is a determined course of action. The first major step in the

process is
a. Developing premises
b. Stating organizational objectives
c. Developing plans
d. Putting plans into action
e. None of these
8. Which of the statements given below regarding decision making is false?

a .It is a continuous process
b. It implies a choice
c. It is an intellectual activity
d. Decision making is identical with problem solving
e. None of these
9. Which of the following statements about span of management is false?

a. A manager cannot supervise the activities of an unlimited number of
people
b. Span of management directly affects the number of management levels in
the organization
c. The capacity and the ability of the executive have absolutely no role in
determining the span of management
d. Higher the degree of decentralization, larger can the span of management
be
e. None of these
10. Line organization is most suitable where

a. Business is carried on large scale
b. Methods of operations are complex
c. Where expertise of specialist is required
d. All of these
e. None of these
11. Managerial authority denotes

a. Right to act or direct the action of other in attainment of organizational
goals
b. Right to give orders and power to extract obedience
c. Supreme coordinating power
d. All of these
e. None of these
12. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Authority and responsibility co-exist
b. Responsibility can be delegated
c. Accountability arise out responsibility
d. Authority is the Supreme coordinating power
e. None of these
13. Decentralization is (as an organization concept)

a. Delegation of actual performance of work
b. Physical or geographical dispersal of its activities
c. Delegation of decision making
d. All of these
e. None of these
14. Personnel functions is a

a. Line function
b. Staff functions
c. Can be either line or staff
d. Neither line nor staff
e. None of these
15. All of the following statements regarding manpower planning are true
except
a. Manpower planning is merely forecasting of demand and supply of
humans resources
b. planning of Manpower is a continuous process
c. Manpower plans may be formal or informal
d. Manpower planning is a vital managerial function
e. None of these
16. Job description implies

a. Personal capacities and inclinations deemed necessary for successful job
performance.
b. Written statement of the main duties and responsibilities which job entails
c. Process that ensures that right kind of people at the right placed at the
right time do thing for which they are economically most useful
d. None of these
17 .An individual who systematically develops a subordinate’s abilities

through intensive tutoring is named as
a. Mentor
b. Manager
c. supervisor
d. Peer
e. None of these
18. A plan for allowing each employee to determine the make-up of his or
her fringe benefit Package is
a. Compensation
b. Salary administration
c. Cafeteria compensation
d. Loaning
e. None of these
19. Which of the following statement regarding the communication is false

a. communication is perception
b. communication is expectation
c. communication provides for feedback mechanism
d. communication and information are synonymous
e. None of these
20. Open door policy is an aid to

a. Downward communication
b. upward communication
c. Both a & b
d. None of these
__________________
________________________________________
Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in appropriate box on the answer
sheet. (20)
1.Health and wellness is a currently important work-related value

(a) true
(b) false
2.The cognitive component of an attitude consists of beliefs and values

antecedents
(a) true
(b) false
3.The effective component of an attitude is a specific feeling regarding the

personal impact of the antecedents.
(a) True
(b) false
4.An attitude results in intended behavior.

(a) true
(b) false
5. Job satisfaction is closely related to organizational commitment and job

environment.
(a) true
(b) false
6.A loyalty response to low job satisfaction occurs when an employee

passively waits for conditions to improve because of a trend in the
organization.
(a) true
(b) false
7.Expectancy can have both positive and negative results for a manager.
(a) true
(b) false
8.The earliest studies of leadership tended to focus on leader behavior
(a) true
(b) false

(a) true
(b) false
10.Leader behaviors for high performance work teams tend to be

charismatic.
(a) true
(b) false
11.One major power that bureaucracy has is simply its staying power.
(a) true
(b) false
12.Implement is the most “hands-on” facet of public administration.

(a) true
(b) false
13.A geographical information system is a location-related computer

programme data and maps for a variety of uses.
(a) true
(b) false
14. The most powerful reason for the growing recognition of the global
economy is
(a) the growth of international trade groupings and pacts.
(b) that more people are working domestically for foreign employees..
(c) that the major cities of the western world are culturally heterogeneous.
(d) that domestic organization are feeling the impact of international
competition.
15. The learned and shared ways of thinking and doing things found among
members of a society is known as:
(a) Parochialism
(b) Culture shock
(c) Culture
(d) Ethnocentrism
(e) Domestic multiculturalism
16. Each of the following is a popular dimension of culture except:
(a) Language
(b) Use of space
(c) Religion
(d) Individualism
(e) Time orientation
17. To help combat selective perception, a manager should:

(a) View the situation as others view it
(b) Give more performance feedback to subordinates
(c) Spend more time helping subordinates learn job skills
(d) Gather additional opinions about a situation from others
(e) Increase feedback to subordinates and train them personally
18. Assigning personal attributes to other individuals is known as:

(a) Stereotyping
(b) The halo effect
(c) Selective perception
(d) Projection
(e) Expectancy
19. The key elements of the communication process include all but which of
the following:
(a) An interpreter
(b) A receiver
(c) A source
(d) Feedback
(e) Noise
20. Nonverbal communication is:

(a) The acknowledgment of a message and a response to its reception.
(b) Communication through physical gesture
(c) The same as noise
(d) Anything that interferes with the effectiveness of the communication
attempt
(e) Often unimportant during interviews.
SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

By the scope of Public Administration, we mean the major concerns of Public
Administration as an activity and as a discipline.
Scope of Public Administration as an activity
Broadly speaking, Public Administration embraces all the activities of the

government. Hence as an activity the scope of public administration is no
less than the scope of state activity. In the modern welfare state people
expect many things – a wide variety of services and protection from the
government. In this context public administration provides a number of
welfare and social security services to the people. Besides, it has to manage
government owned industries and regulate private industries. Public
administration covers every area and activity within the ambit public policy.
Thus, the scope of public administration is very wide in modern state.
Scope of Public Administration as a Discipline
The scope of public administration as a discipline, that is subject of studies,

comprises of the following:
The POSDCoRB view
Several writers have defined the scope of public administration in varying

terms. Gullick sums up the scope of the subject by the letters of the word
POSDCoRB which denote: Planning, Organisation, Staffing,Directing,
Coordinating reporting the Budgeting. Planning means the working out in
broad outline the things to be done, the methods to be adopted to
accomplish the purpose.
Organisation means the establishment of the formal structure of authority
through which the work is sub-divided, arranged, defined and coordinated.
Staffing means the recruitment and training of the personnel and their
conditions of work.
Directing means making decisions and issuing orders and instructions.
Coordinating means inter-relating the work of various divisions, sections and
other parts of the organisation.
Reporting means informing the superiors within the agency to whom the
executive is responsible about what is going on.
Budgeting means fiscal planning, control and accounting.
According to Gullick the POSDCoRB activities are common to all
organisations. They are the common problems of management which are
found in different agencies regardless of the nature of the work they do.
POSDCoRB gives unity, certainty, and definiteness and makes the study
more systematic. The critics pointed out that the POSDCoRB activities were
neither the whole of administration, nor even the most important part of it.
The POSDCoRB view over looks the fact that deferent agencies are faced
with different administrative problems,which are peculiar to the nature of
the services, they render and the functions they performed. The POSDCoRB
view takes into consideration only the common techniques of the
administration and ignores the study of the ‘subject matter’ with concerned.
A major defect is that the POSDCoRB view does not contain any reference to
the formulation and implementation of the policy. Therefore, the scope of
administration is defined very narrowly,being too inward looking and too
conscious of the top management.
The Subject Matter View
We all know that public administration deals not only with the processes but
also with the substantive matters of administration, such as Defence, Law
and Order, Education, Public Health, Agriculture,Public Works, Social
Security, Justice, Welfare, etc. These services require not only POSDCoRB
techniques but also have important specialised techniques of their own
which are not covered by POSDCoRB techniques. For example, if you take
Police Administration it has its own techniques in crime detection,
maintenance of Law and Order, etc., which are much and more vital
toefficient police work, than the formal principles of organisation,personnel
management, coordination or finance and it is the same with other services
too. Therefore, the study of public administration should deal with both the
processes (that is POSDCoRB techniques and the substantive concerns). We
conclude the scope of public administration with the statement of Lewis
Meriam: “Public administration is an instrument with two blades like a pair of
scissors. One blade may be knowledge of the field covered by POSDCoRB,
the other blade is
knowledge of the subject matter in which these techniques are applied.
Both blades must be good to make an effective tool”.
We may conclude the discussion with the observation of Herbert Simon who
says that Public administration has two important aspects, namely deciding
and doing things. The first provides the basis for the second.
One cannot conceive of any discipline without thinking or deciding.
Thus Public administration is a broad-ranging and an amorphous
combination of theory and practice.
IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Importance of Public Administration as Specialised Subject
of Study
The study of administration assumed significance, according to Woodrow

Wilson, as a consequence to the increasing complexities of society, growing
functions of state and growth of governments on democratic lines. This
exhaustive list of functions made to think as to ‘how’ and in what ‘directions’
these functions should be effectively performed. To this Wilson suggested
that there was a need to reform the government in the administrative field.
As per Wilson, the object of administrative study is to discover what
government can properly and successfully does and how it can do these
things with utmost efficiency and the least possible cost either of money or
of energy.
The importance of public administration as a specialised subject can be
attributed to the following reasons: 1. One of the important reasons is the
practical concern that the government today has to work towards the public
interest. The first and foremost objective of public administration is to
efficiently deliver public services. In this context, Wilsonian definition of the
subject as efficiency promoting and pragmatic field was the first explicitly
articulated statement on the importance of a separate discipline of public
administration.
During the first half of the preceding century, a numbers of countries have
appointed committees to look into the problems of administration and
recommended suitable administrative
machinery to respond to diverse public needs. The Haldane Committee
Report (1919) in Britain; the President’s Committee on Administrative
Management (1937) in the United States;
2. Administration is looked at, in the social science perspective, as a

cooperative and social activity. Hence the concern of academic inquiry would
be to understand the impact ofgovernment policies and operations on
society. What kind of society do the policies envisage?; To what extent
administrative action is non-discriminatory?
How is public administration functioning and what are the immediate and
long term effects of governmental action on the social structure, the
economy and polity?; etc. are questions requiring careful analysis. From the
social science perspective, public administration, as a discipline, has to draw
on a variety of sister disciplines such as History, Sociology, Economics,
Geography, Philosophy, Psychology, etc., with the objective to explain and
not just to prescribe.
3. Public administration has a special status in the developing countries.
Many of these countries, after independence from the colonial rule have
stressed upon speedy socio – economic development. Obviously, these
countries have to relay on government for speedy development. The latter
requires a public administration to be organised and effectively operated for
increasing productivity quickly. Likewise, social welfare activities have to be
effectively executed. These aspects have given birth to the new sub-
discipline of development administration. The emergence of development
administration is indicative of a felt need for a body of knowledge about how
to study the third world administration and at the same time to bring about
speedy socio-economic development with government’s intervention.
Development administration has therefore, emerged as a sub-discipline to
serve the cause of development.
4. Public administration, as witnessed holds a place of significance in the

lives of people. It touches them at every step. For most of their needs, the
citizens depend upon public administration. In view of the important role of
public administration in the lives of people, the citizens of a country cannot
ignore. Therefore, its teaching should become a part of the curriculum of
educational institutions. People must get to know about the structure of
government, the activities it undertakes and the manner in which these are
actually performed. The study of public administration will contribute to the
realisation of the values of citizenship.
Importance of Public Administration as an Activity
The contemporary age, which has witnessed the emergence of
‘Administrative State’, public administration has become an essential part of
society and a dominant factor. The functions it is called upon to perform,
have expanded in scope and nature, and what is more, are continually
increasing. Many of them are more positive in nature because they care for
the essential requirements of human life, be ithealth, education, recreation,
sanitation, social security or others. It is, therefore, a creative factor, with its
motto being ‘human welfare’.
These functions are over and above its regulatory functions. The view points
of eminent scholars, as referred to below, amply reflect the significance of
public administration.
Woodrow Wilson: “Administration is the most obvious part of government;
it is government in action, it is the executive, the operative and the most
visible side of the government.
Brooke Adams: “Administration is an important human faculty because its
chief function is to facilitate social change and to cushion the stock of social
revolution”.
W.B. Donham, ‘If our civilization fails, it will be mainly because o
breakdown of administration’.
Paul H. Appleby: ‘Administration is the basis of government. No
government can exist without administration. Without administration
government would be a discussion club, if indeed, it could exist at all’.
The role of public administration in various facets is noted below:
Basis of the Government: A Government can exist without a
legislature or an independent judiciary. But no Government can exist without
administration.
An instrument for providing services: Public administration mainly
concerned with the performance of various activities performed by
government in the public interest. Felix A. Nigro aptly remarks, “The real
core of administration is the basic service which is performed for the public”.
An instrument for implementing policies: Modern governments go a
long way in formulating and adopting sound policies laws and regulations. It
should not be forgotten that such policies, laws, etc. are not merely printed
papers. Such paper declarations of intent are translated into reality by public
administration thus converting words into action and form into substance. A
stabilising force in society: Public administration is a major force for
bringing stability in society. It has been observed that though government
often changes, but violent change is seldom experienced by administration.
An element of continuity between the old and the new orders is provided by
public administration. It does not hold true only of constitutionalchanges of
government in democratic countries, but is also reflected when there are
revolutionary changes in the form and character of government.
An instrument of social change and economic development:
Public administration’s role as a change agent is particularly crucial in
developing nations. It is expected of the state at present to work for
accelerating socio-economic change and not to be a passive agency to
maintain the status quo.
Technical Character:
The present day government is expected to provide various services to its
population. The increase in the number of functions undertaken by the
government require highly specialised, professional and technical, services.
Modern public administration usually represents a galaxy of all of a nation’s
occupations.
According to Gerald Caiden public administration has assumed the following
crucial roles in contemporary modern society:
• Preservation of polity;
• Maintenance of stability and order;
• Institutionalisation of Socio-Economic changes;
• Management of large scale commercial services;
• Ensuring growth and economic development;
• Protection of the weaker sections of society;
• Formation of public opinion; and
• Influencing Public policies.
The points mentioned below summarise the reasons for the growing
importance of public administration:
• Emergence of Welfare and Democratic state
Emergence of welfare and democratic state has led to an increase in the
activities of public administration compared to that of the laissez-faire state.
The state has to now serve all sections of people in the society. This amount
to enhanced responsibilities of public administration. Public administration
is also to regulate and control private economic enterprises to meet the
objectives of the state.
• Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution gave rise to socio-economic problems making the
government to assume new roles and responsibilities such as protection and
promotion of the rights of workers in industrial establishments, etc.
Consequently, the state hasenacted a number of Industrial and Labour laws
and it is imperative for public administration to implement such laws in order
to meet the requirements of labour welfare.
• Scientific and Technological Development
Scientific and technological developments have brought about welcome
additions in infrastructure such as power, transport and communication
system. The invention of telephone, telegraph and other mechanical devices
such as typewriter, tele-printer, and calculators, photocopying machines,
computers, fax and the electronic mail has brought revolutionary changes in
office administration. All these have made possible ‘big government’ and
‘large scale administration’. Besides changing the ethos and character of
public administration, the revolution in information and communication
technologies have contributed to improved delivery of services to people.
• Economic Planning
Centralised economic planning has been pursued in many developing
countries as a method for socio-economic development. It requires a large
number of experts and elaborate administrative machinery for plan
formulation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
Apart from the reasons cited the rapid growth of population, modern
warfare, increase in natural and manmade disasters, decline in social
harmony, increase in violence due to conflicts, communal riots, ethnic wars,
terrorism, etc. have increased the importance of public administration.
It goes without saying that public administration is not only the operative
but also the most obvious part of the government. It is government in action
and occupies a significant place not merely as an instrument of governance
but also as an important mechanism for preserving and promoting the
welfare of community. It has substantive impact upon the life of the people.
It is a vital process charged with implementation of pre-determined, welfare
oriented, and developmental objectives.
DEFININTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
L.D. White observes that although public administration varies in form and
objects, and although the administration of public and private affairs differs
at many points, there is an underlying similarity, if no identity. As an integral
aspect of such generic concept, public administration could be related to that
type of administration, which operates within a specific ecological setting. It
is a means to carry out the policy decisions made by political executive.
To be seen along with it is the ‘Public’ aspect of Public administration, which
attributes a special character and focus to it. ‘Public’ can be looked at
formally to mean ‘government’. So, public administration is government
administration, government in action, or a socio-economic and politico-
administrative confluence, the focus being especially on public bureaucracy.
Encyclopaedia Britannica defines public administration as ‘the application of
a policy of a state through its government.’ Public Administration, therefore,
refers to that part of administration, which pertains to the administrative
activities of the government.
Definitions of Public Administration provided by various scholars.
Woodrow Wilson
Public administration is the detailed and systematic application of law. Every
particular application of law is an act of administration.
L.D. White
“Public administration consists of all those operations having for their
purpose the fulfilment or enforcement of public policy”. As per White, this
definition covers a multitude of particular operations in many fields the
delivery of a letter, the sale of public land, the negotiation of a treaty, the
award of compensation to an injured workman, the quarantine of a sick
child, the removal of litter from a park, manufacturing uranium 235, and
licensing the use of atomic energy. It includes military as well as civil affairs,
much of the work of courts, and all the special fields of government activity-
police, education, health, construction of public works, conservation, social
security, and many others. The conduct of public affairs in advanced
civilisations requires the employment of almost every profession and skill-
engineering, law,
medicine, and teaching; the crafts, the technical specialties, the office skills,
and many others.
Percy Mc Queen
Public administration is related to the operations of government whetherlocal
or central.
Luther Gulick
Public administration is that part of the science of administration, which has
to do with the government; it concerns itself primarily with the
executive branch where the work of the government is done; though there
are obviously problems also in connection with the legislative and judicial
branches.
J.M Pfiffner
“Administration consists of getting the work of government done by
coordinating the efforts of people so that they can work together to
accomplish their set tasks”.
M. Ruthanaswami
“When administration has to do with the affairs of a state or minor political
institutions like the municipal or country council (district board), it is called
public administration. All the acts of the officials of a government, from the
peon in a remote office to the head of a state in the capital, constitute public
administration.”
H.A. Simon, D.W. Smithburg and V.A. Thompson
“By Public Administration is meant, in common usage, the activities of the
executive branches of national, state and local governments, government
corporations and certain other agencies of a specialised character.
Specifically excluded are judicial and legislative agencies within the
government and non-governmental administration.” Corson and Harris
“Public administration … is the action part of government, the means by
which the purposes and goals of government are realised.”
Dwight Waldo
“Public administration is the art and science of management as applied to
the affairs of State.”
M.E. Dimock
“Public Administration is concerned with ‘what’ and ‘how’ of the government.
The ‘what’ is the subject matter, the technical knowledge of a field, which
enables the administrator to perform his tasks. The
‘how’ is the technique of management, the principles according to which co-
operative programmes are carried through to success. Each is indispensable,
together they form the synthesis called administration”.
Nicholas Henry
“Public Administration is a broad-ranging and amorphous combination of
theory and practice; its purpose is to promote a superior understanding of
government and its relationship with the society, it governs, as well as to
encourage public policies more responsive to social needs and to institute
managerial practices attuned to effectiveness, efficiency and the deeper
human requisites of the citizenry”.
The traditional definitions of Public Administration, which are given above
reflect the view that the Public Administration is only involved in carrying out
the policies and programmes of the government. It reflect that it has no role
in policy making and also locates the administrationin the executive branch
but today the term public administration is used in a broader sense that it is
not only involved in carrying out the programmes of the government, but it
also plays an important role in policy formulation and covers the three
branches of the government. In this context, we may reflected on the
definition offered by F.A. Nigro and L.G. Nigro. According to them Public
Administration:
In this context we can reflect the definition offered by F.A. Nigro and L.G.
Nigro. According to them Public Administration:
• is co-operative group effort in a public setting;
• covers all three branches-executive, legislative, and judicial, and their
inter-relationships;
• has an important role in the formulation of public policy and is thus a part
of the political process;
• is different in significant ways from private administration; and
• is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals in
providing services to the community”.
In sum, public administration:
• is the non-political public bureaucracy operating in a political system;
• deals with the ends of the State, the sovereign will, the public interests
and laws;
• is the business side of government and as such concerned with policy
execution, but it is also concerned with policy-making;
• covers all three branches of government, although it tends to be
concentrated in the executive branch;
• provides regulatory and service functions to the people in order to attain
good life;
• differs significantly from private administration, especially in its emphasis
on the public; and
• is interdisciplinary in nature as it draws upon other social sciences like
political science, economics and sociology.
The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and
‘ministiare’ = serve and
‘Public’ =people or citizens
Thus the word administration means to execute the policy of government to
serve public.
Management is also defined as Cooperative human endeavour to achieve

given goals. Traditionally
management is also defined as Management = POSDCORB which stands for
Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing, Coordination, Reporting, Budgeting.
In general administration and management are used interchangeably.
Public Administration
A public administration as a practice is as old as the human civilization.

When human beings started
living in society in an organized way they started the practice of
administration, because they started to live
cooperatively in society. It is said that when a man tried to left a stone and
was unable to do so alone and
was helped by another man, the practice of ‘management/administration
began.
Egyptian Pyramids (1491 BC)
You must have seen Egyptian pyramids and must have thought how
such huge structure was built. The construction of Egyptian pyramids in
1491
is an example of practice of administration, as it involved cooperative effort

of thousands of people.
Mohenjodaro and Harrapa
In Pakistan Mohenjodaro and Harrapa civilizations are a magnificent example

of practice of
administration. The two cities had well planned roads, granary, wells and
walls around the city to protect it.
Such planning of city shows that the rulers managed the city well.
So we can say that public administration as a practice is old as civilization
But Public
Administration as a discipline to be taught in formal educational institution,
started after World War I
(1914), in USA and then in Europe. The emergence of public administration
as discipline in USA and
Europe was due to the changing role of government. The Great Depression
in USA and Europe brought
large scale unemployment and low wages, and falling demand for goods. It
was felt that in these
circumstances the government should invest to provide jobs. Thus, the role
of government was seen as
prime mover in economy.
Why Public Administration Received Impetus as A Subject?
Following were the reasons for the emergence of public administration as a

subject:-
1.
Expanding welfare role (distributive) of the government
2.
The emergence of private sector and regulatory role, of government
3.
The need for increased efficiency in the Organization
4.
Development of Science and Technology
5.
Better management of public matters through training in USA
Definition of Public Administration
Now we will look at various definitions of public administration to better

comprehend the concept:
.
“Public administration…. is the action part of government, the means by
which the purposes and
goals of government are realized”.
.
‘Public administration as a field is mainly concerned with the means for
implementing political
values…”
.
“The process of public administration consists of the actions involved in
effecting the intent or
desire of a government. It is thus the continuously active, ‘business’ part of
government, concerned
with carrying out the law, as made by legislative bodies (or other
authoritative agents) and
interpreted by the courts, through the processes of organization and
management.”
.
It is a cooperative group effort in a public setting;
.
It covers all the three branches --- executive, legislative, and judicial -- and
.
their interrelationships;
All these definitions explain us different dimension of the subjects. These

definitions might confuse
us and we might say that there is really no such subject as “public
administration,” but rather that public
administration means different things to different observers and lacks a
significant common theoretical or
applied meaning, or we might say that public administration is everywhere:-
But two things definitely emerge from the above definition. These are:-
1.
The study of public administration overlaps a number of other disciplines,
including political
science, sociology, economics, psychology, and business administration. and
2.
Public administration is the use of managerial, political, and legal theories
and processes to
fulfill the goals of government (welfare of public).
(Institutions)
(Government)
(Citizens)
Now before we further proceed to understand public administration we need
to understand certain
concepts like and state and government. The diagram shows that citizens of
any country are user of services
and provider of services.
Institutions of State
The institutions of state are as follows:

.
Legislature: Parliament (National and Provincial Assemblies) makes laws for
the organization
.
Judiciary: (Supreme Court & Provincial Courts) - and Session Courts)
interpret laws
.
Executive ( National, Provincial) implements laws
The Ministries, Division, Departments /Directorates are the organizations

that function under the
executive to implement law. For example the police department has the
responsibility to maintain peace &
order
Government
Government is process of governing. It is the use of power derived from the

law that is
made/approve by the legislature. It is means, methods, manner, or system
of governing society and
organization.
The government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan derives its systems and

methods from the
Constitution (1973). Article 90-99 of the Constitution gives provision for
Rules of Business. The Rules of
Business 1973 provide. The roles, responsibilities and function of

government organizations (ministries,
departments etc)
What is Democracy
When we talk of state and government it is important to mention that what
form of government
Pakistan has. Pakistan is a parliamentary Democracy. The word democracy
is a Greek word where “demos”
mean people and “Krates” means authority.
Values of Democracy
Democracies have certain values and these are:-

.
Individualism
.
Equality
.
Liberty
Individualism
Individualism means that the dignity and integrity of individual is of supreme

importance. It
suggests that achieving the fullest potential of each individual is the best
measure of the success of political
system and government
Equality
All normal individuals are equal in their talents but also each individual has
an equal claim to life,
liberty and the pursuit to happiness
Liberty
Citizens should have the right to the maximum opportunity to select own
purpose in life and
choose means to accomplish these. The citizen should be facilitated rather
than hindered in their pursuit to
a meaningful life.
Concepts
The students must understand the following concepts:
Organization:
Management:
Process:
The structure and framework created to perform certain
functions to achieve goals.
Cooperative human effort to achieve goals
a systematic mechanism to complete an activity
Efficiency: Efficiency = Output: Efficiency relates to maximization of goals

Input example: 10 . output = 2 = efficient
4 . input
10 = 1.66 = less efficient.
6
Government:
A government is the process of governing, it comprise
organization, system, rules etc.
State:
As State has territorial jurisdiction, it has people and institutions.
Democracy:
Democracy is a form of government in which people has
authority and right to elect their representative.
Democratic values:
Democratic values are life, liberty & individualism.

(E) None of these
(2) The concept of “bounded rationality” was given by:

(A) Wax Weber
(B) F. W. Riggs
(C) Herbert Simon
(D) Abraham Maslow
(E) None of these

(E) None of these

(A) Rationalism.
(B) Communication.
(C) Socialism.
(D) Humanism
(E) None of these
(5) The author of “The Function of the Executive” is:

(A) F. W. Taylor
(B) Chester Bernard
(D) Henry Fayol
(E) None of these
(A) Equity
(B) Efficiency
(C) Effectiveness
(D) Bureaucracy
(E) None of these

Max Weber?
(A) Authority
(B) Hierarchy
(C) Publicness
(D) Civil society
(E) None of these.
(8) Which of the following is an essential component of a formal organization?

(C) Power
(D) Centralization
(E) None of these

(E) None of these
(10) McGregor’s name is most commonly associated with one of the following:
(D) Human Relations
(E) None of these
(11) Legal-rational authority” is a core concept of:

(C) Maslow’s Theory of Motivation
(E) None of these
(12}One of the four functional imperative of a system identified by the Talcott

Parsons is:
(A) Efficiency
(B) Effectiveness
(C) Adaptation
(D) Entropy
(E) None of these
(13) “Entropy” is a law of nature in which all forms of organizations move towards:
(E) None of these

(A) Religion
(B) Islam.
(D) Psychology.
(E) None of these.

(A) Leonard While
(C) Talcott Parsons
(D) F.W. Taylor
(E) None of these
(16) Which one of the following is the foundation of modern Human Resource
(A) Specialization
(B) Compensation
(C) Job Analysis
(D) Job Evaluation
(E) None of these
(17) The process of transmitting the idea or thought into meaningful symbols is
called:
(A) Decoding
(B) Feedback
(C) Reception
(D) Encoding
(E) None of these

(A) A Hospital
(B) A University
(E) None of these

(E) None of these.

(A) Accountability
(B) Transparency
(C) Nepotism
(D) Rule of law
(E) None or these.
(II) (1) Who has defined Public Administration as a detailed and systematic
application of law? Every particular application of law is an act administration:
(a) L.D. White
(b) Woodro Wilson
(C) Pfiffner
(d) Luther Guilik
(e) None of these

(b) principles view of P.Ad
(e)none of these

approach:
(a) Max-Weber
(b) Elton Mayo
(c) F.J Taylor
(d) Roehthlisborge
(e)none of these
(4) The bureaucracy has been defined as a system of administartion

characterised by expertnes, impartiality and abscence of humanity. who
idefined this.
(a) Charles Kannady
(b) Max-weber
(c) Braibanti Ralph
(d) Peter M . Blau
(e)none of these

(a) Reformer.
(b) Pariah
(e)none of these

(b) it has many alternetives
(e) none of these

charismatic grounds. Do u think it is suitable in pakistan on following grounds:
(c)Larger mission grounds
(d)organizational grounds
(e)None

suitable:
(b)political base
(c)economic base
(d)dynamic base
(f)none

(a) By judiciary
(b)By legislature
(e)none
and appropriate:
(a) Participative
(b) Physical
(c) Social
(d) Economic
(e) None
(11) there are many theories of organization bt all have been classified in two.
which theory u consider viable in present era?
(e) None
(12) The units of organization r divided into line unit and staff unitaccording to
their functions. u name the units accordingly:
(a) Advisory
(b) legislative
(c) judicial
(d) executive
(e) none
(13)`the folowing r the foundations of modeern personal system. which

system u perfered most:
(a) tenure system
(b)merit system
(e)none

(b)function differentiation
(c)specialization
(d)delegation of authority
(e)none
(15) the proper continuity of communication system in public adminisrating is

a serious problem. u point out which hindrance blow must be removed first?
(b) frame of mind
(c) status distance
(e) none

(d)Deficit-budgeting is a curse in the developing countries
(e)none
admn.
(a)Legislature
(b)the central department concernrd with financial Admn.
(c)principal financial officers in the administratve deptt.
(d)audit organization
(e)none

(e) none

(a) reorganization of secretariate and depertmentsl structure
(e) none
(a) Exploitive
(b) Aggrandizing
(c) corrupt
(d) most priviledged
(e)none
Public Administration referes to

(a) A process
(b) A discipline
(c) A field of study
(d) All of these
(ii) The concept of “separation between politics and public administration” was first
propounded by:
(a) Aristotle
(b) Woodrow Wilson
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Machiavelli
(iii) The famous fourteen principles of organization were given by:

(a) Plato
(b) Henri Fayol
(c) Fredrick Taylor
(d) Max Weber
(iv) The author of the famous essay “ The Study of Administration” was:
(a) Dwight Waldo
(b) Woodrow Wilson
(c) Fredrick Taylor
(d) Margaret Thatcher
(v) Span of control means:

(a) Tenure on a post
(b) Geographical jurisdiction
(c) Power to control others
(d) Number of subordinates under a superior
(vi) Job description relates to appointing a suitable person on a job:

(a) True
(b) False
(vii) Job specification defines the parameters of the job to be done:

(a) True
(b) False

(a) Job description
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
(ix) Bureaucracy refers to:

(a) Red tape
(b) The totality of government officials
(c) A specific set of structural arrangement
(d) All of these
(x) The mnemonic POSDCORB for management was introduced by:

(a) James Mooney
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Luther Gulick
(d) None of these
(xi) The famous Hawthorne experiments were conducted by:

(a) Elton Mayo
(b) Abraham H. Maslow
(c) Mark Twain
(d) None of these
(xii) “Hawthorne effect” refers to increase in productivity because of:

(a) Good physical working environment
(b) Secure job
(c) Presence of observers
(d) None of these
(xiii) Maslow’s highest need in his “hierarchy of needs” was:

(a) Love or affiliation needs
(b) Self –actualization needs
(c) Esteem needs
(d) None of these
(xiv) “The average human being inherently dislikes work”

(a) An assumption of theory X
(b) An assumption of theory Y
(c) An assumption of theory Z
(d) None of these
(xv) Spoils system refers to:

(a) Management through objectives
(b) Public sector concept of staffing
(c) Awarding jobs to political supporters
(d) None of these
(xvi) Deficit financing is:

(a) Excess revenues
(b) Excess expenditures
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
(xvii) Performance audit is used as a comparison between:

(a) Actual expenditure and booked expenditure
(b) Revenue collected and potential revenue
(c) Activities of an organization with the assigned objectives
(d) None of these
(xviii) A whistle blower in an organization is a person:

(a) Who reveals bad things about his department to the public
(b) Who is a good singer
(c) Who is assigned security duties
(d) None of these
(xix) The budget cycle is:

(a) The duration for which it is applicable
(b) The process through which it has to go
(c) The time frame of preparation
(d) None of these
(xx) Group dynamics refers to:

(a) Nature of a group
(b) Development of a group
(c) Interrelationship of a group
(d) All of these
Interview
My interview was on 2 jan 2012. It was 30 min interview.3 members

conducted interview which included BD, Maj. Gen. (R) Ovais Mushtaq
Qureshi, HI(M) Mr. Saud Gohar
BD:
You graduated in 2006 why did it take 5 years to appear in CSS(It was my
first and last attempt)
Name of French Prime Minister
name of French President who was convicted of corruption charges.
Why DMG?
How will you being a young officer overcome pressures to do illegal work?
How will you change the system or make it better?
What is FCR and its implications?Is it good for FATA?
How should females be empowered in pakistan?
Arab Uprising and its implications on the world?
Do you foresee such uprising in Pakistan?Why
Pak-US relations? Where are they heading?
pak-China relations? Importance of good relations for both?
pak foreign policy?is it correct?
2nd Member:
How to improve education standard in pakistan?

Biggest problem of Pakistan?
What is devolution of power?drawbacks of local body system?
what should Pakistan do with NATO?
What should be Obama's policy for pakistan?(Aik question mai i was PM
Gilani n in follow up question i was Obama
How to overcome gas crisis?
How to overcome energy crisis?
Which industries are shifting from pakistan due to energy crisis?
can pakistan prepare next budget without US support?
Euro debt crsis and implications?
3rd Member:
You wrote two books and eight research articles.can you briefly tell about
your books and articles?(The only question which i loved... And i started
explaining it enthusiastically..hahaha )
Any royalty you got of books?
Your academic record and other credentials suggest you must continue with
this noble profession.Why do you want to join DMG which is full of tensions
and thankless tasks(BD laughed and i also smiled)
have you planned about PhD?
From Which university?(I said cambridge university)
Will you come back to Pakistan then?
teaching is very expressive and we require dedicated people like you to uplift
our standards.. How can you serve Pakistan better than what you are doing
already?(mai tang aa gya un k questions say.... hahahaha)
BD:
thank you gentle man and good luck......

An unusual thing happened to me... During the interview BD wrote a chit
and called runner... When interview was over a person took me to an
office(It was office of IT Expert...Do not remember his name).He was given
chit and he asked me to sit..Then he started discussing about IT and how to
improve IT standards of FPSC.. I have IT background. It was general chit
chat about Pakistan,IT and which professions are better for Students..It was
30 minute chat.I asked him that sir its unusual.why am i being interviewed
again? He said that this interview carried no marks and neither would it be
reported to BD. They did not ask anything from optional subjects
Now really donot know why this happened to me.(Kuch kehty hain its
positive sign and some said its negative sign)
Jo be sign ha God knows better but overall it was an inetrview where so

many arguments and counter arguments were presented.Sai debate hue
meri members say on all isuues.Anyways wish me best of luck and wish you
all bestest of lucks dears.

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Public Administration Important MCQs for PPSC Test

COMPULSORY QUESTION 2000

9. Write only the correct answers in the Answer Book. Don’t

(1) The founder of Scientific Management School of thought was:

(2) The father of Human Relations theory was:

(3) The founding father of theory of Bureaucracy was:

(4) Systems theory of management is based on the concept of components

(5) Bureaucracy of Pakistan is:

(6) Administrative accountability is established in government organizations

(7) The first book on Public Administration was written by:

(8) Public Administration is the study of:

(9) Planning machinery in Pakistan is:

(10) Financially the performance of public corporations in Pakistan during

(11) Public Personnel Management in Pakistan is based on the principle of:

(12) Communication runs faster in:

(13) Performance budgeting is based on:

(14) The concept of Politics-Administration dichotomy was given by:

(15) The form of Leadership in the bureaucracy of Pakistan js:

(17) Formal relationship in an organization is based On:

(18) The Ideal Model of bureaucracy is based on authority of:

(19) Pressure groups in public administration work for:

COMPULSORY QUESTION 2001.

Q. 9. Write only the correct answers in the Answer Book. Don’t

(I) Public Administration may be defined as:

(2) The concept of "bounded rationality" was given by:

(3) Bureaucracy is based on:

(4) Behaviorism is associated with:

(5) The author of "The Function of the Executive" is:

(7) Which of the following is one of the features of bureaucracy conceived by

(8) Which of the following is an essential component of a formal

(9) Bureaucracy is a form of:

(10) McGregor's name is most commonly associated with one of the

(12}One of the four functional imperative of a system identified by the

(13) "Entropy" is a law of nature in which all forms of organizations move

(14) One choice theory is economic explanation of:

(15) System. Theory is associated with the work of following:

(16) Which one of the following is the foundation of modern Human

(17) The process of transmitting the idea or thought into meaningful

(18) Which of the following will not be considered as a formal organization?

(19) Which of the following violates the principle of Utility of Command?

(20) Which of the following is not a feature of good governance?

1. An organization which successfully achieve the goals will be considered

2. An organization using its resources wisely and in a cost effectively way is

3. Grouping activities and resources in an organization is a function of:

4. The dominant role in developing Scientific Management was played by:

5. The most articulate spokesperson of Administrative Management was:

6. Hawthrone studies were mainly conducted by:

8. An attempt to integrate common business practices from the United

10. The appropriate managerial behavior in a given situation depends on a

12. Balancing and reconciling possible conflicts among goals is:

16. A theory suggesting that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs

19. Power that has been legitimized by the state is:

COMPULSORY QUESTION 2004

8. Write only correct answer in the answer book. Do not reproduce