CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

The Philippine National Police (PNP) doubling its efforts to achieve its goal of

national and sustainably development it has long wanted to improve the quality of life of

Filipino people. Peace is an important ingredient of sustainable development. Without it,

development is hindered.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) is mandated to maintain peace and order

throughout the country. Successful achivement of this mandate depends on the kind of

people comprising the Philippine National Police heirarchy.

To fulfill these mandated responsibilities, the PNP is required to maintain a high

standard of professionalism in the performance of their duties, if the police officer is to

meet these challenges, he must be prepare through rigorous and adequate training.

The basic police reponsibilities have traditionally required a face-to-face

confrontation with complex social and behavioral issues. But all of these have changed

now.

“To serve and protect” is the Philippine National Police (PNP) mission. To serve

the country and its people no matter what the circumstances is. To protect the nation,

the community and its property as long as they can. Part of the serving and protecting

the country, the Philippine National Police is facing different crimes. Crimes that needs

to be cleared and solved so the nation will be protected from any harmful situation.
 As time goes by, many crimes are now arising, many criminals are needed to

apprehend and many people need for help. So the law enforcer must have more action

for this problem.

Crime in legal point is an act or omission of someone in violation of a criminal

law. In social definition, the crime is an anti-social act, an act that is injurious,

detrimental or unacceptable acts. Crime may be committed by anyone, as criminal skills

can be learned and imitated. It can be learned through association or socialization with

the people with criminal mind and criminal habit (Criminology and Sociology of Crimes,

2015).

Crime is present in various forms in the Philippines, and remains a serious issue

throughout the country. Illegal drug trade, human trafficking, murder, corruption and

domestic violence remain significant concerns. The Philippines has a high rate of

murder cases, which is the highest in Southeast Asia as of 2014. Most major cities are

plagued with high prevalence of crimes. (Wikipedia, 2018)

Someone who commit a crime may be faced the punishment usually a conviction

that is according to his wrong deed. In the Philippines, the Revised Penal Code

(Republic Act No. 3815) serves as the basic law that defines criminal offenses and

provides the penalties for the commission of such. For statistical purposes and to create

a standardized definition of crime classification, crime is further divided into index and

non-index crimes. Index crimes, as defined by the Philippine National Police (PNP),

involve crimes against persons such as murder, homicide, physical injury and rape, and

crimes against property such as robbery, theft, carnapping/carjacking and cattle rustling.
Non-index crimes, on the other hand, are violations of special laws such as illegal

logging or local ordinances (Crime Statistics At A Glance, 2013).

A criminal case is considered solved when the offender has been identified,

taken into custody, and charged before the prosecutor’s office based on sufficient

evidence against the accused, when some elements beyond police control prevent the

arrest of the offender, such as when the victim refuses to prosecute after the offender is

identified, dies or absconds and the arrest of one offender can solve several crimes or

several offenders may be arrested in the process of solving one crime (Crime Statistics

At A Glance, 2013).

Criminal investigation is a reconstructive process that uses deductive reasoning,

a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts. In addition,

investigators need to anticipate what issues might arise and what evidence is needed to

support the prosecutor’s case.

In proving a crime has been committed, investigators must determined who

commited it. Investigation is often aided by knowing how criminals usually operate, that

is, their modus operandi or MO (Criminal Investigation.,Hess and Orthman). In that way

investigators may locate the guilty party and can provide evidence to prove the

suspect’s guilt.

However, in solving a crime the police must do his part in investigating, he should

be patient, do the step-by-step inquiry or observation, he must be careful in examination

and record the evidence that may link to the crime.

 From 2010-2015, Quezon City leads as the city with the highest number of index

crimes. Next in Quezon City is Manila with 54,689 recorded index crime cases. Cebu

City recorded as rank 3 with 38,797 index crimes. Next is Davao City wit 37,684

recorded index crime and at the rank 5 is Cagayan de Oro with 31,345 cases

(Wikipedia, 2015).

However, Philippine National Police (PNP) have their strategies and techniques

to solve the recorded index crimes. According to PNP Criminal Investigation Manual, in

the performance of the investigator’s duty, he must seek to establish the six (6) cardinal

points of investigation, namely what specific offense has been committed, how the

offense was committed, who committed it, where the offense was committed; when it

was committed, and why it was committed for them to solve the case. Furthermore, an

investigator must know the protocols in investigation and must have also the tools in

gathering facts in order for them to solve the case.

Despite of the efforts exhorted by the Philippine National Police (PNP) different

problems are being encountered in solving a crime particularly with the index crime.

During January up to May 2018 PNP recorded 32,667 index crime all over the

Philippine Archipelago and 45.18% are consider solved, table 1 illustration.

TOTAL TOTAL INDEX CRIMES

INDEX INDEX SOLUTION

CRIME CRIMES EFFICIENCY (%)

REPORTED SOLVED
 32,667 14,758 45.18

Table No. 1

Total Index Crime Statistics of Philippines as of May 2018

Source: PNP

As the Philippines recorded low index crime solution efficiency, it reflects also to

some part of the country.

Malolos City, Bulacan with a total population of 260, 820, the city was famous in

the national television because of being active on the police operations. However, the

City of Malolos is now facing a problem in solving index crime cases.

As of June 2018, Malolos City Police Station recorded 54 cases of index crimes,

50% of this are recorded solved but 50% or 27 cases are still unsolved. Table 2 shows

the total recorded index crime cases, recorded that solved and solution effieciency in

Malolos during the first and second quarter of 2018.

TOTAL TOTAL INDEX CRIMES

INDEX INDEX SOLUTION

CRIME CRIMES EFFICIENCY (%)

REPORTED SOLVED

54 27 50.0

Table No. 2

Total Index Crime Statistics of Malolos City, Bulacan

 Based on MCPS Investigation Unit as of June 2018

Conceptual Framework
 Figure 1

Research Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this research is to determine the factors in solving a certain

crime investigation, therefore increasing the percentage of solved index crime cases

(crimes against person and crimes against property) in Malolos City, Bulacan.

The study, therefore, sought answers to the following sub-problems:

• What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

• Age

• Sex

• Civil Status

• Educational Attainment
 • Years in service

• What are the factors affecting in solving index crime cases in Malolos City Police

Station, in terms of:

• Police Skills

• Police Knowledge

• Police Tools

• What action to be taken by the MCPS to increase the percentage of solved index

crime cases?

Assumptions:

• The respondents are 21-30 years old, they are male and already married. They

have a bachelor’s degree with 11 years to 15 years in service.

• The factor that affecting in solving index crime cases in Malolos City Police

Station is usually in terms of the police skills.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study was essentially an assessment of factors affecting the case resolution

of index crimes in Malolos City Police Station. The study will be focus on the Malolos

City Police Station that can be found at City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines.

The respondents of this research are the police personnel assigned in

Investigation Unit in Malolos City Police Station with a total of 22 and other police
personnel in the said station. Wherein the questions provided will regards with the

factors that affecting in index crime solution.

The basis of the study is the index crime statistics in Malolos City from January to

June 2018, this serves as the supplemental data of the study.

One (1) month will be allotted time for gathering the information. This study does

not include the other police station.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Malolos City Police Station. It will serve as useful guides for them to improve their

performance in resolution of cases.

Local Government. It will provide information for the local government about the

resolution of cases specifically in index crime that are occurs in their vicinity.

Community. It will improve the level of police performance. Therefore, this would

improve quality of service.

Criminology Students. It may be able use as an instrument in studying criminal

investigation.

Future Researcher. It may be able use its importance in the further research

similar to the study. Data obtained from this study can be used as a reference for future

study on resolution of a crime.

Definition of Terms

Accused refer to a person suspected with committing a crime or offense.

Arrest refers to the act of apprehending a person and taking them into custody,

usually because they have been suspected of committing or planning a crime.

Case Resolution refers to the action of solving of particular crime.

Complaint refers to any formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal

reasons that the filing party or parties believes are sufficient to support a claim against

the party or parties against whom the claim is brought that entitles the plaintiff to a

remedy.

Conviction refers to a formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal

offense, made by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law.

Crime refers to the act or omission that violates a law.

Crimes against person refers to a broad array of criminal offenses which usually

involve bodily harm, the threat of bodily harm, or other actions committed against the

will of an individual. Those involving bodily harm (or the threat thereof) include assault,

battery, and domestic violence. Additionally, offenses such as harassment, kidnapping,

and stalking also are considered crimes against the person (FindLaw).

Crimes against property refers to crimes obtaining money, property, or some

other benefit. This may involve force, or the threat of force, in cases like robbery or

extortion.

Criminal Habit refers to a criminal routine of behavior that is repeated regularly

and tends to occur subconsciously.

 Criminal Investigation is an applied science that involves the study of facts, used

to identify, locate and prove the guilt of an accused criminal.

Criminal Law refers to a body of rule and statutes that defines conduct prohibited

by the government because it threathens and harms public safety and welfare and that

established punishment to be imposed for the commission of such acts.

Custody refers to the immediate charge and control (as over a ward or a

suspect) exercised by a person or an authority.

Detrimental refers to a formal way of saying "harmful."

Evidence refers to any of the material items or assertions of fact that may be

submitted to a competent tribunal as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged

matter of fact under investigation before it.

Factors are something that helps produce or influence a result.

Index crimes refer to the crimes involve crimes against persons such as murder,

homicide, physical injury and rape, and crimes against property such as robbery, theft,

carnapping/carjacking and cattle rustling (PNP).

Injurious refers to a causing or likely to cause damage or harm.

MCPS Malolos City Police Station

Offender refers to an accused defendant in a criminal case or one convicted of a

crime.

Physical evidence refers to the actual tangible evidence that can be touched and

picked up that is relevant to the case.

Prosecute refers to charge a person with a a crime and thereafter pursue the

case through trial onbehalf of the government

 Prosecutor refers to the one who prosecutes another for a crime in the name of

the government.

Revised Penal Code (Republic Act No. 3815) contains the general penal laws of

the Philippines. First enacted in 1930, it remains in effect today, despite several

amendments thereto. It does not comprise a comprehensive compendium of all

Philippine penal laws.

Solution is something that is used or done to deal with and end a problem.

Testimonial evidence refers to the evidence which consists of statements that

are made in court by witnesses and that are offered as proof of the matter asserted, or

of what is being discussed.

 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature
According to Merry Jawonsk of Germany (2014) crime prevention is an important

component of an overall strategy to reduce crime and to strengthen public safety. In

many countries, crime prevention has traditionally has been seen as the responsibility of

the police or as stemming from the deterrant aspects of the law or repression of the

offender.

However, the number of people being murdered has risen for the first time in

more than a decade, despite an overall decrease in the number of violent deaths

reported worldwide (The Week, 2017).

International Police believes that despite of high crime rate that the world is now

facing crime suppression of the law enforcement agency is now at work.

Law enforcement agencies implement a variety of strategies and methods to

combat crime and ensure public safety. Policing strategies extend beyond traditional

models of responding to calls for service and often seek to increase crime prevention,

intervention, and response effectiveness through techniques such as community

outreach, efficient resource distribution, crime mapping, crime data collection, or

suspect location (https://www.crimesolutions.gov/TopicDetails.aspx?ID=84).

Local Literature

According to Philippine National Police (PNP) during the first and second quarter

of the year 2018 they recorded 189,533 crimes all over the country. 32,667 are index

crime which consist of crimes against person and crimes against property.

Morever, the nationwide crime rate from July 2016 to June 2018 dropped by

21.48 percent compared to the same period from 2014 to 2016, Philippine National

Police (PNP) data showed. Crimes against persons like homicide, physical injuries, and

rape also went down, except for murder which saw an increase of 19,210 or 1.50

percent during the last two years. (ABS-CBN News, 2018)

In line with the increasing crime rate in the index crime cases the Philippine

National Police has doing its part in solving crimes. Criminal investigators are doing

their job efficiently to come to a better result.

According to Crime Statistics At A Glance of Senate of the Philippines, a criminal

case is considered solved when the offender has been identified, taken into custody,

and charged before the prosecutor’s office based on sufficient evidence against the

accused.

But before the case will be solved there is a big part coming from the police

investigator, according to PNP Criminal Investigation Manual the criminal investigator

defines as a public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all

criminal cases as provided for and emobodied under the Revised Penal Code and

Special Laws which are criminal in nature. He or she is well-trained, disciplined and
experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation duties and responsibilities

(PNP, 2011).

In order to do his or her job properly there are tools that are using in investigating

a crime, commonly known as the three I’s of investigation (PNP, 2011).

During 2012, the Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM)

through its School for Investigation and Detective Development reported a 100%

accomplishment on the formal training of its 7,264 PNP investigators occupying

investigative positions. But It was found out that one of the areas that need immediate

attention is the lack of competent and effective field investigators who possess the skills

and the right attitude to work on a case and pursue it until resolved by the courts (PNP-

Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management, 2012).

Foreign Studies
Womack 2007 found out that patrol officers played a significant role in solving a

majority of all cases assigned to the investigations division. The study also found that

detectives spent the largest concentration of their time during case investigation
contacting witnesses, victims and complainants. Detectives spent the largest amount of

their time on computer work and database searches when working on other activity not

related to their current case assignments. One implication from these findings is that the

implementation of civilian staff in both the patrol and investigations divisions is an

alternative that would enable police departments to reallocate available resources.

Geoff Dean et. al. 2007, investigators are driven by a personal interest in solving

crimes and catching criminals in order to achieve a strong sense of satisfaction for

themselves and for victims. The emotional cost of being involved with victims,

witnesses, and suspects in a serious and complex investigation can be very high in

personal terms for investigators.

Ivar André Fahsing et. al 2008 stated that effective Senior Investigation Officers

as evaluated by their subordinates are characterised by being person oriented rather

than case oriented. Important skills are motivational skills, communicative skills,

listening skills and organisational skills. According to this study, the least important for

SIOs is investigation knowledge, when compared to investigative ability and

management skills. The point we have raised regarding SIO (in)competency might

appear to be an organisation failure. There is an opportunity for critical debate here after

suggesting that it is both critical and difficult to create highly competent SIOs. One could

argue that the lack of professional education and training has led to this lack of

competency.
 Geoff Dean et. al. 2008, police like people in general think interactively and

holistically about solving crimes and the process can be far more chaotic than rational at

times.

Jeffrey Ho 2017, several strategies may result in developing greater trust. For

instance, expanding community policing, especially amongst police investigators in the

violent crimes and homicide units, may improve perceptions of the police as well as

expose investigators more directly to the cultures of their communities. While

community policing already exists to a certain degree at the Durham Police Department,

detective engagement in community policing should be particularly expanded. Several

investigators mentioned that the results of such strategies can be seen empirically; in

general, if an officer already has rapport with community members, they are far more

likely to share important information when it is needed.

Additionally, due to the efficacy of investigators sharing common ground with the

witnesses they interview, another potential police reform could involve focusing on

developing the police force to be more representative of the communities they work

with. For instance, police departments could invest more resources into recruiting

investigators directly from the local communities. Such recruits would not only already

be more familiar with the community, but they would also likely be more successful in

garnering the trust of potential victims and witnesses during investigations because they

could reference commonalities in upbringing (Jeffrey Ho, 2017).

Local Studies
 Robert R. Kiunisala et. al. 2004, the police has done their part in performing their

sworn duties and responsibilities in the prevention and control of crimes. Though the

police lack human and material resources, they still feel that they have served the public

better. On the other hand public officials feel that the said program is not being properly

implemented, thus causing the occurrence of crimes and increasing crime volume. They

feel that what the police are doing is not enough to prevent and control crimes. Their

thinking is understandable though because they are the recipients and victims of

crimes.

Anacan J.K.R. et. al. 2014 concluded that crimes will be solved through the

active participation of LGU‟s. Therefore an LGU should also be active in making policy

that would help the police officers in monitoring crimes. In order to have effective crime

prevention programs, the participation of citizens, LGU together with the police authority

is needed. Cooperation and active participation are the key for the success of crime

prevention programs to be successful.

Mark E. Patalinghug 2017, partnership of the PNP and the community is the best

way to solve criminality. Understanding the problems within the organization and

establishing good rapport with the community will ensure good result.

Miguel F. Gillado and Tina Tan-Cruz 2004, one disturbing result of the study is

that there is only a little support between the relationship of the number of policemen

and crime rates; that is, the number of policemen is not statistically significant for the

three models. There are two opposing implications for this: first, the number of

policemen is not just really enough to influence crime rates; second, policemen are just

inefficient on their job that is why they cannot simply influence the crime rates. There is
also a big possibility to have both. It is recommended that the government should: hire

additional policemen; conduct more extensive training, seminars, and reeducating for

the old and new policemen; provide enough and advance facilities because policemen

might not be effective even with their number if their facilities are outmoded or outdated.

Anga and Tanyag in their study in Trece Martires during 2010, in combating

criminal activities, the community-wide and city-wide cooperation must be sustained.

There is also a need to explore and coordinate information exchanges and trainings

with other government agencies, to establish a shared central database on provincial as

well as national jurisprudence for faster and efficient crime prevention and solution.

CHAPTER 3
METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURES

Research Method
The researchers will use descriptive method in conducting the study. This

method provides basis for decision making and is designed to calculate the extent to

which variables are interrelated with each other. Since the focus of this research is to

determine the factors that affecting the case resolution of index crime of Malolos Ctiy,

therefore increasing the percentage of solved index crime cases.

According to Carlito D. Garcia a descriptive type of research seeks to describe

systematically, factually, accurately and objectively a situation, problem or

phenomenon. It seeks to describe what is.

 Descriptive research as defined by Sanchez (1997) is a research that includes all

of these studies that purport to present facts concerning the nature and status of

anything a group of persons, a number of objects, a set of conditions, a class of events

a system of thought , or any other kind of phenomena which one may wish to study. The

focus of this study is the decreasing index crime solution effieciency of Malolos City

Police Station.

The study seeks to determine factors affecting the case resolutions of index

crimes in Malolos City Police Station. In order to reach the required information, the

researchers will use questionnaire method. After the gathering of necessary data, the

researchers will analyze and interpret these data to determine its significance.

Population and Sampling Scheme

The respondents of this study will take from the police personnel assigned in

Investigation Unit in Malolos City Police Station and other police personnel. Police

Investigators in the said station has a total of 22.

The researcher will make use of the purposive sampling technique to the

respondent which is composed of police personnel.

Purposive sampling is a form of non-probability sampling to draw the

respondents and will be used to determine the feedback of the population of the

respondents. In purposive sampling, a researcher use special knowledge or expertise

about a specific group to select subjects who represents this population (Berg 2004).

Research Instruments
 In order to collect the necessary data to support the research, the researchers

will use questionnaire method to gather the data directly from the respondents. The

researchers will formulate a self-administered questionnaire to answer the research

problem.

The questionnaire is divided into four parts. That will determine the factors

affecting the case resolutions of index crimes in Malolos City Police Station.

Part 1: Consisted of the respondent’s profile including Age, Sex, Civil Status,

Educational Attainment and Years in Service.

Part 2: Composed of five item checklist which determines the factors affecting the case

resolution in terms of police skills in Malolos City. The responses to each item were

evaluated according to the arbitrary scale as shown in the table.

Descriptive Rating Point Value Means of Scale

Strongly Agree (SA) 4 3.26-4.00

Agree (A) 3 2.51-3.25

Disagree (DA) 2 1.76-2.50

Strongly Disagree (SD) 1 1.00-1.75

Part 3: Composed of five item checklist which determines the factors affecting the case

resolution in terms of police knowledge in Malolos City. The responses to each item

were evaluated according to the arbitrary scale as shown in the table.

Descriptive Rating Point Value Means of Scale

Strongly Agree (SA) 4 3.26-4.00

Agree (A) 3 2.51-3.25

Disagree (DA) 2 1.76-2.50

Strongly Disagree (SD) 1 1.00-1.75

Part 4: Composed of five item checklist which determines the factors affecting the case

resolution in terms of police tools in Malolos City. The responses to each item were

evaluated according to the arbitrary scale as shown in the table.

Descriptive Rating Point Value Means of Scale

Strongly Agree (SA) 4 3.26-4.00

Agree (A) 3 2.51-3.25

Disagree (DA) 2 1.76-2.50

Strongly Disagree (SD) 1 1.00-1.75

 The survey quetionnaire was designed on the concept reflected in the statement

of the problem. Guided by the standard principle and criteria of questionnaire

construction.

In addition, the some procedure will undertake in the process of validity of the

questionnaire.

The questionnaire will shown to research profesor to check, analyze and observe

the mechanics to improve the presentation of items. The researcher will also consult to

a Police Officer of Malolos Police Station to validate the set of survey questionnaire.

When the improved draft was approved, with all the suggestions and recommendations,

it will be presented to the adviser for further scrutiny and improvement.

Procedures in Gathering Data

The research will undertake in the following procedures or steps of gathering

data for this research study. First, the researcher the will ascertain the issue and

concerns relevant to the theme of the study through document review and analysis to

sort out and identify the diverse base of the secondary data such as book guidelines,

journals, internet websites and other documents related with the topic.

Second the researcher will prepare the needed request and communication to all

concerned respondents. The researcher will administer the survey questionnaire to the

respondents by category. The researcher will explain to the respondents the mechanics
in answering the questionnaire checklist and will conduct some interview to the

respondents when they are done answering the questionnaire.

Third, the researcher will collect, sort, scan and evaluate the answered

instruments from the respondents. Tabulation and computation of data that will be

gathered will consult to the respondents. Tabulation and computation of data that will be

gathered will consult to the adviser to analyze the gathered data in tabular and text

presentation with due consideration of the sub-problem of the study to be encoded on

the manuscript. The data from personal interview and survey questionnaire will use to

supplement and contribute in the solution and clarity of the problems at hand.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that will be gathered will tabulate, analyze and will interpret using the

following statistical tool in accordance with the specific problem.

The frequency and precentage will use to present the profile of the respondents.

RF =

RF = Relevant Frequency

F = Frequency

N = Total Number of Respondents

The Mean and Standard Deviation will use to interpret the assessment of the

respondents to the effectiveness of given factor in solving index crime.

The weighted mean in which each item was being average will multiply by a

number based on the item’s relative importance. The result will sum and the total will be
divide by the sum of the weights. Weighted averages will use extensively in descriptive

statistical analysis.

Mean = Standard Deviation =

N (n-1)

Ʃ = Summation

X = Data Gathered

F = Frequency

N = Total Number of Respondents

In determining the differences among the respondents’ assessment according to

their type, ANOVA single factor test will be use. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The

ANOVA for independet samples will use to determine the difference of categories

beyond two levels. Computations and analysis will do in computer process using MS

Excel.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Books
Garcia, Carlito D. (2015). Fundamentals of Criminological Research and
Statistics
Hess and Orthman. Criminal Investigation
PSUPT. Emma Galero- Mṻftṻoḡlu, Phd, LlB (2015). Fundamentals of Criminal
Investigation. Quezon City: ChapterHouse Publishing Incorporated

• Journals
Crime Statistics At A Glance (2013) – Senate of the Philippines: SEPO
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE - Directorate for Investigation and Detective
Management : Cime Statistics 2018
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE - DIDM - Criminal Investigation Manual (2011)

• Internet
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines

http://www.theweek.co.uk/90279/global-murder-rate-rises-for-first-time

in-a-decade

http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/partners?view=research HYPERLINK

"http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/partners?view=research&cid=50668"&

HYPERLINK

"http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/partners?view=research&cid=50668"cid=50668

https://www.crimesolutions.gov/TopicDetails.aspx?ID=84
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/19/18/pnp-crime-rate-drops-but-murder-rate-

up-in-2-years

http://dissertation.laerd.com/non-probability-sampling.php

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/ncs/9thncs/papers/publicOrder_CrimePrevention.pdf

https://thesis.dlsud.edu.ph/93/

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/ncs/9thncs/papers/publicOrder_PanelData.pdf

http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/APJMR-2017.5.3.17.pdf

https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark%3A/67531/metadc3594/m2/1/high_res_d/thesis.

pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27468974_Profiling_police_investigativ

e_thinking_A_study_of_police_officers_in_Norway

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228846600_Characteristics_of_effectiv

e_SIOs_A_content_analysis_for_management_in_police_investigations

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15614260802354650?journalCode

=gppr20

https://www.crimesolutions.gov/TopicDetails.aspx?ID=84
 CURRICULUM VITAE

DENMAR PAPUA ABALAYAN

A Reyes St. Poblacion, Plaridel, Bulacan
Mobile No,: +63997337862
E-mail Address: denmarabalayanr@yahoo.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : May 16, 1998

Place of Birth : Plaridel, Bulacan
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Age : 20
Blood Type : O+
Height : 5’6
Parents : Mother: Ma. Cecilia Abalayan
: Father: Digno Abalayan

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College : Bulacan State University

(2015-Present)
High School : Dr. Felipe de Jesus National High School
(2011-2015)
Elementary : Plaridel Elementary School
(2005-2011)
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ALJHUN TAMAYO SANTIAGO

403 Bulihan St., Balayong, City of Malolos, Bulacan
Mobile No,: +639976382271
E-mail Address: aljhun.santiago22@yahoo.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : October 02, 1998

Place of Birth : Brgy. Atlag, City of Malolos, Bulacan
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Age : 20
Blood Type : O+
Height : 5’7
Parents : Mother: Jesusa T. Santiago
: Father: Alfredo L. Santiago

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
 College : Bulacan State University
(2015-Present)
High School : Marcelo H. Del Pilar National High School
(2011-2015)
Elementary : Sta. Isabel Elementary School
(2005-2011)

CURRICULUM VITAE

JENICA ELLA BAYANI SANTOS

0460 Unit-A Mojon, Malolos City, Bulacan
Mobile No,: +6393584215191
E-mail Address: santosjenicaellaaa@yahoo.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : December 12, 1998

Place of Birth : Bustos, Bulacan
Civil Status : Single
 Religion : Born-Again Christian
Sex : Female
Age : 19
Blood Type : B+
Height : 5’1
Parents : Mother: Erlinda B. Santos
: Father: Celso C. Santos

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College : Bulacan State University

(2015-Present)
High School : Tibagan National High School
(2011-1015)
Elementary : Tibagan Elementary School
(2005-2011)

CURRICULUM VITAE

JOHN PAUL OLIVEROS SANTOS

12 Ilang Ilang St. Dakila, Malolos City, Bulacan
Mobile No.: +639551087683
E-mail Address: akosipoypoy03@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : February 03, 1997

Place of Birth : Malolos City
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Male
Age : 21
Blood Type : B+
Height : 5'6
Parents : Mother: Lolita O. Santos
: Father: Ruben T. Santos

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College : Bulacan State University

(2014-Present)
High School : Saint Ezekiel School
(2010-2014)
Elementary : Saint Ezekiel School
(2004-2010)
 CURRICULUM VITAE

ARVIN VICTOR VILLAR SEBASTIAN

0592 Wawa II, San Sebastian, Hagonoy, Bulacan
Mobile No.: N/A
E-mail Address: arvinsebastian2121@yahoo.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : February 21, 1998

Place of Birth : Caloocan City
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Born Again Christian
Sex : Male
Age : 20
Blood Type : B
Height : 5'6
Parents : Mother: Ma. Teresa V. Sebastian
: Father: Victorio S. Sebastian

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College : Bulacan State University

(2015-Present)
High School : Ramona Trillana High School
(2011-2015)
Elementary : Orduja Elementar
(2005-2011)
 CURRICULUM VITAE

DIVINE MANARANG YALUNG

007 Tuana Subd., San Matias, Sto. Tomas, Pampanga
Mobile No.: +639066297381
E-mail Address: divineyalung@yahoo.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth : July 15, 1999

Place of Birth : Sto. Tomas, Pampanga
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Sex : Female
Age : 19
Blood Type : A+
Height : 5'2
Parents : Mother: Alma M. Yalung
: Father: Danilo G. Yalung

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

College : Bulacan State University

(2015-Present)
High School : San Matias National High School
(2011-2015)
Elementary : San Matias Elementary School
(2005-2011)