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2rd Year Electronics Module

This document describes an experiment to construct an astable multivibrator circuit using an IC555 timer chip. The circuit continuously produces a rectangular waveform without external triggering. It explains that an astable multivibrator can generate a clock signal of desired frequency and duty cycle. The experiment details the components used including an IC555 timer, resistors, capacitors, breadboard, and power supply. It includes the circuit diagram, waveform screenshots, and calculations related to determining the frequency and duty cycle.

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Bapon
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86 views7 pages

2rd Year Electronics Module

This document describes an experiment to construct an astable multivibrator circuit using an IC555 timer chip. The circuit continuously produces a rectangular waveform without external triggering. It explains that an astable multivibrator can generate a clock signal of desired frequency and duty cycle. The experiment details the components used including an IC555 timer, resistors, capacitors, breadboard, and power supply. It includes the circuit diagram, waveform screenshots, and calculations related to determining the frequency and duty cycle.

Uploaded by

Bapon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

9
CONSTRUCTI ON OF ASTABLE MULTIVIRATOR CIRCUIT USING
IC555 TIMER
Theory: An Astable Multivibrator is an oscillator circuit that continuously produces
rectangular wave without the aid of external triggering. So Astable Multivibrator is also known
as Free Running Multivibrator. It can be im plemented using IC 555 timer. Astable multivibrator
can be used to generate Clock signal of desired frequency and duty cycle, which can applied to
subsequent loads.

Internal circuit of IC 555 timer

Apparatus used:
 IC 555 Timer
 Resistor 10KΩ
 Capacitor 0.001µF
 Capacitor 0.01 µF
 Bread board
 Connecting wires
 DC power supply(+5V)
 Oscilloscope
Circuit Diagram:

Waveforms:
Calculations:

Discussion:
Experiment No.10
CONSTRUCTION OF A SCHMITT TRIGGER CIRCUIT USING IC555
TIMER
Theory: Schmitt trigger is a type of comparator circuit with positive feedback which holds the
output level till the input signal to the comparator is higher than the threshold. It converts a
sinusoidal or any analog signal to digital signal. It exhibits hysteresis by which the output
transition from high to low and low to high will occur at different thresholds. It provides
hysteresis or two different threshold voltage levels for rising and falling edge. This is useful
because it can avoid the errors when we have noisy input signals from which we want to get
square wave signals.

Schmittrigger can be implemented using a IC 555 timer. The general operation of the Schmitt
trigger built from a 555 timer is inverting but the discussion will be for non-inverting.
Pins 4 and 8 are connected to the supply (VCC). The pins 2 and 6 are tied together and the input
is given to this common point through a capacitor C. this common point is supplied with an
external bias voltage of VCC / 2 with the help of the voltage divider circuit formed by the
resistors R1 and R2.
The important characteristic of the Schmitt trigger is Hysteresis. The output of the Schmitt
trigger is high if the input voltage is Lower than the Lower threshold value (V TL= 1/3VCC) and
the output of the Schmitt trigger is low if the input voltage is Higher than the Upper threshold
value(VUT=2/3VCC). This is Inverting Schmitt Trigger Operation..The output retains its value
when the input is between the two threshold values. The usage of two threshold values is called
Hysteresis and the Schmitt trigger acts as a memory element (a bistable multivibrator or a flip-
flop).
The threshold values in this case are 2/3 VCC(VUT) and 1/3 VCC(VLT) i.e. the upper comparator
trips at 2/3 VCC and the lower comparator trips at 1/3 VCC. The input voltage is compared to
these threshold values by the individual comparators and the flip-flop is SET or RESET
accordingly. Based on this the output becomes high or low. When a sine wave of amplitude
greater than VCC / 6 is applied at the input, the flip-flop is set and reset alternately for the
positive cycle and the negative cycle
IC 555Timer internal Circuit:

Apparatus used:
 IC 555 Timer
 Resistor 10k
 Capacitor 0.001µF
 Bread board
 Connecting0.001µF
wires
 Electronics trainer kit
 Function generator
 CRO
Circuit Diagram:

Waveform:
Calculations:

Discussion:

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