War of Salvation Reference Guide

DRAFT 1
The War of Salvation 1919-1923: A Reference Guide to the armed forces

clashing in Asia Minor 1919-1923.
Collected by Konstantinos Travlos, Ph.D
Onur Buyuran
Contents
Chronology of relevant events 1918-1924 ................................................................................................... 2
Schematic Map of Western and Central Turkey/Anatolia 1919 ................................................................. 13
GREEK FORCES IN ASIA MINOR CAMPAIGN 1919-1922 ................................................................. 14
Army of Occupation of Asia Minor 1919-1920 & Army of Asia Minor1920........................................ 15
Field Army of Asia Minor 1920-1922 .................................................................................................... 17
Army of Thrace 1919-1922 .................................................................................................................... 31
Army of Evros/Hebrus 1922-1923 .......................................................................................................... 32
ITALIAN ORDER OF BATTLE 1919-1922 ............................................................................................. 33
BRITISH FORCES AND ALLIES 1918-1922 .......................................................................................... 34
FRENCH FORCES-ARMEE DU LEVANT AND AMENIAN ALLIES 1919-1922 ............................... 36
The Armenian-Turkish War 1919-1920 (Eastern Front) ............................................................................. 40
TURKISH NATIONALIST FORCES........................................................................................................ 43
Ottoman Amy November 26, 1918- Late Spring 1919 ........................................................................... 43
Kuva-i Milliye(National Forces) 1919-1920 .......................................................................................... 43
Turkish National Army 1919-1922 .............................................................................................................. 47
ORDERS OF BATTLE FOR SPECIFIC ACTIONS ................................................................................. 69
Greek Reconnaissance in Force-2nd Battle of Inonu ............................................................................... 73
Battle of Avgin-Inonu-Kovalicha 14-19TH March 1921 (OC)27TH March-1st April 1921(NC) ............. 73
Battles of Eskishehir-Kutahya-Afyon Karahisar Operations .................................................................. 74
Battle of Sangarius/Battle of Sakarya ..................................................................................................... 78
Aftermath of Sangarius/Sakarya Offensive September 1921- Spring 1922 ........................................... 83
Great Turkish Attack of August 1922 ..................................................................................................... 83
Battles of the Retreat of Army Corps C and other Units ........................................................................ 89
List of Greek-Turkish Battles 1919-1922 ..................................................................................................... 92
List of Southern Front Battles ..................................................................................................................... 95
DRAFT 2
List of Eastern Front Battles ........................................................................................................................ 98
Chronology of relevant events 1918-1924

By Konstantinos Travlos, PhD
13 October 1918, Talaat Pasha Resigns as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
14 October 1918, Ahmet Izzet Pasha becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
30 October 1918, Armistice of Mudros
November 1918, Karakol Society formed by Kara Vasif Bey on orders of Talaat Pasha
11 November 1918, Ahmet Izzet Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier. He is replaced by Ahmet Tevfik Pasha.
13 November 1918, First Entente Troops arrive at Istanbul/Constantinople
15 November 1918, Ottoman troops begin withdrawing from Caucasus. In reaction Muslim populations
begins political agitation (First and Second Kars Congress).
1 December 1918, Association for Defense of National Rights founded in Izmir/Smyrna. Other follow
suit in Eastern Thrace.
7-13 December 1918, Clashes between the Armenian Democratic Republic and the Democratic Republic
of Georgia.
21 December 1918, Ottoman Parliament dissolved (Senate remains). Ahmet Tevfik Pasha resigns as
Grand Vizier. Not replaced. Adana Association for Defense of National Rights founded.
January 1919, Re-ignition of clashes between the Armenian Democratic Republic and the Azerbaijani
Democratic Republic. These will go on with varying intensity, and savagery by both sides, until the
collapse of the Armenian Democratic Republic in 1920.
6 January 1919, Ardahan Congress of Caucasian Muslims
9 January 1919, end of Armenian-Georgian conflict.
12 January 1919, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha again Grand Vizier.
18 January 1919, Paris Peace Conference begins. In Caucasus at Kars, the Great Kars Conference
declares Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus. Forces of the Armenian
Republic begin advancing into the areas vacated by the Ottomans, committing ethnic cleansing as they
do.
20 January 1919, Arrival of first units of the Greek Expeditionary Force at Odessa, Ukraine.
DRAFT 3
23 February 1919, Pontic Ottoman Greeks declare their intention to seek a Pontic Republic. Samsun and
Trabzon Muslim associations for the defense of National Rights hold joint congress at Trabzon.
March 1919, First anti-Occupation demonstrations in Istanbul/Constantinople
3 March 1919, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier.
4 March 1919, Damat Ferid Pasha becomes Grand Vizier.
18 March 1919, French troops occupy Eregli/Pontoherakleia and Zongludak
21 March 1919, Bela Kun takes power in Hungary overthrowing the Pro-Entente government of Mihail
Karolyi. First significant attempt to challenge the Versailles settlement by military force. (Hungarian
1919 War)
4 April 1919, Smut’s Mediation Expedition to Hungary. (Hungarian 1919 War)
15 April 1919, Hungarians lunch preemptive attack on massing Romanian forces. Onset of Romanian-
Hungarian War (Hungarian 1919 War)
23 April 1919, Mustafa Kemal appointed Inspector of Ninth Army Troops
28 April 1919, Onset of the Ottoman Court Martials for events during World War I. The Greek
Expeditionary force evacuates Crimea.
29 April 1919, Italian forces land at Antalya/Attaleia
2 May 1919, Bela Kun requests and armistice from Romania. (Hungarian 1919 War)
20 May 1919, Hungarian forces attack Czechoslovakia. War with Romania erupts anew. (Hungarian 1919
War)
11 May – 19 August 1919, Alıi Bati (Bandit) Insurrection against Ottoman government in Mardin
14 May 1919, Greek forces land at Izmir/Smyrna
19 May 1919, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk arrives at Samsun/Sampsounta
19-23 May 1919, Major anti-Occupation demonstrations in Istanbul/Constantinople
21 May 1919, Aristidis Stergiadis is arrives in Izmir/Smyrna as Greek High Commissioner.
14-15 June 1919, Action at Pergamum/Bergama (Greek-Turkish War)
17 June 1919, Claimed Menemen Massacre (Greek-Turkish War)
21-23 June 1919, first and only elections held in the Armenian Democratic Republic. Election was
boycotted by the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and the Armenian Populist Party. It resulted in a
massive victory for the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) Party.
DRAFT 4
22 June 1919, Amaysa Circular issued by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele, Ali Fuat
Cebesoy and with the knowledge of Kazim Karabekir. Formal start of the Turkish National Movement.
23 June 1919, Hungarian-Czechoslovakian Armistice (Hungarian 1919 War). Prime Minister Vittorio
Emanuele Orlando of the Kingdom of Italy resigns. Francesco Saverio Nitti replaces him.
29 June and 4 July 1919, claimed battle of Aydin. Factually a series of confused clashes accompanied by
civilian victimization by both sides (Greek-Turkish War)
July 5 1919, Verdict of the Ottoman Court Martials for the events during World War I. Committee of
Union and Progress disbanded.
17 July-24 July, Major Hungarian Offensive against Romanians (Hungarian 1919 War)
23 July – 4 August 1919, Erzurum Congress
24 July-4 August 1919, Romanian Budapest Offensive. Collapse of Bela Kun government. Occupation of
Hungary to early 1920. End of Hungarian 1919 War (Hungarian 1919 War).
29 July 1919, Venizelos–Tittoni agreement.
7 August 1919, Hovhannes Kajaznuni steps down as prime minister of the Armenian Democratic
Republic. He is replaced by Alexander Khatisian.
16-25 August 1919, Alasehir/Philadelphia Congress under Hacim Muhittin Bey
20 August-15 September 1919, Ali Galip Incident
4-11 September1919, Sivas Congress and creation of “Association for Defense of National Rights”
4 September-4 October 1919, 1st Bozkir Insurrection
2 October 1919, Damat Ferid Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier. Ali Riza Pasha replaces him.
22 October 1919, Amasya Protocol Signed between Ottoman Government of Ali Riza Pasha and the
Sivas Congress (Mustafa Kemal Ataturk).
20 Octomber-4 November 1919, 2nd Bozkir Insurrection
25 October- 30 November 1919, 1st Aznavur Mutiny
26 October -24 December 1919, Seyh Esref Mutiny
7 November 1919, Greek troops begin taking control of Western Thrace
16-30 November 1919, French Legislative Elections. Large swing to the political right.
16 November 1919, Legislative Elections in Italy. The socialists come first.
27 November 1919, Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine signed between the Entente Powers and Bugaria. Greece
receives Western Thrace.
DRAFT 5
5-7 December 1919, Picot-Kemal talks. First contacts between France and the Sivas Congress movement.
December 1919, Elections for the Ottoman Parliament (first since 1914). Boycotted by Ottoman Greeks
and Armenians.
11 January 1920, Baha Said Bey of Karakol Society tries to sign agreement with Soviets without
permission of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
12 January 1920, Ottoman Parliament convenes.
17 January 1920, George Clemencau resigns as Prime Minister of France. Replaced on 20 January by
Alexandre Millerand. Paul Deschanel becomes President of France, replacing Raymond Poincare.
21 January-12 February 1920, Battle of Marash (Franco-Turkish War)
7 February-11 April 1920, Battle of Urfa (Franco-Turkish War)
12 February 1920, Ottoman Parliament passed the National Pact (Misak-ı Millî)
16 February- 16 April 1920, 2nd Aznavur Mutiny
26 February 1920, Mustafa Kemal Pasha denounces Karakol Society attempts to negotiate with Soviet
Russia.
8 March 1920, Ali Riza Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier. Salih Hulusi Pasha replaces him.
16 March 1920, Formal allied occupation of Istanbul/Constantinople
19 March 1920, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk orders elections for a new assembly to convene outside
Istanbul/Constantinople
4 April 1920, Pyotr Wrangel takes command of White Forces in Russia.
5 April 1920, Salih Hulusi Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier. Damat Ferid Pasha replaces him.
11 April 1920, Sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin dissolves the Ottoman Parliament
13 April – 31 May 1920, 1st Duzce Insurrection
18 April -25 July 1920, Fighting between forces loyal to National Pact and Ottoman Caliphate/
Disciplinary Army
19-26 April 1920, San Remo Conference among the major powers.
23 April 1920, Turkish Grand National Assembly convenes in Ankara
24 April 1920, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is voted as Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. The
Soviet-Polish War begins.
3 May 1920, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is voted as Head of the Government of the Turkish Grand National
Assembly
DRAFT 6
5 May 1920, Alexander Khatisian steps down as Prime Minister of the Armenian Democratic Republic.
He is replaced by Hamo Ohanjanyan.
11 May 1920, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is tried in absentia and sentences to death.
15 May -27 August 1920, 1st Yozgat Insurrection
20 May – 7 July 1920, Cemil Cero Mutiny
25 May – 21 July 1920, Zile Insurrection
1 June – 8 September 1920, Kurdish Urfa Mutiny
3 June 1920, Beginning of diplomatic ties between Turkish Grand National Assembly and Soviet Russia
8 June-18 1920. French evacuate Black Sea port of Ergili but fully occupy Zonguldak
9 June 1920, Kazim Karabekir is assigned command of the Eastern Front, against the Armenian Republic,
by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
15 June 1920, Nitti resigns as Italian Prime Minister. Replaced by Giovanni Giolitti.
20 June 1920, Major skirmish between Greek and Italian forces at Meander River.
21 June – 10 July 1920, Civril Incident
27 – 28 June 1920, Kula Incident
5 July 1920, Prime Minister Venizelos turns down the request of GHQ Asia Minor Paraskevopoulos to
lunch immediate operations against Afyon Karahisar and Eskisehir, citing the priority of securing Eastern
Thrace.
7 July 1920, Greek forces occupy Prusa/Brusa after coordination with local British commanders and
without the prior permission of the Prime Minister, who prioritizes Eastern Thrace.
19 July – 23 September 1920, 2nd Duzce Insurrection
20 July – 20 August 1920, Inegol Incident
30-31 July 1920, “July” events in Athens. Attempted assassination of Venizelos in Paris sparks Venizelist
riots in Athens cumulating in the murder of opposition politician Ion Dragoumis.
5 August 1920, Siege of Antep begins (Franco-Turkish War)
10 August 1920, Treaty of Sevres signed.
29 August 1920, Battel of Usak (Greek-Turkish War)
5 September - 30 December 1920, 2nd Yozgat Insurrection

DRAFT 7
10 September 1920, The Lazarus Parliament of Greece is dissolved and elections are declared for 25
October 1920. Military Law lifted.
13 September 1920, Armenian-Turkish War begins (Armenian-Turkish War)
18 September 1920, abortive attempt at a Franco-Turkish accord.
23 September 1920, Alexandre Millerand becomes President of France replacing Paul Deschanel. New
Prime Minister is Georges Leygues.
29 September 1920, Battle of Sarikamis (Armenian-Turkish War)
2 October – 22 November 1920, Konya Insurrection
12 October 1920, Soviet-Polish War ends.
21 October 1920, Damat Ferid Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier. Ahmet Tevfik Pasha replaces him. End of
Civil War in Western Anatolia.
24-28 October 1920, Battle of Han-Gediz (Greek-Turkish War). In the East the Legran Accord is signed
between the Soviets and Armenia.
25 October 1920, King Alexander of Greece dies, after being bitten by a zoo monkey. Due to this the
elections were postponed for the 1 November 1920.
28 October-6 November 1920, Battle of Kars (Armenian-Turkish War). Turkish advance accompanied by
ethnic cleansing against Armenians.
1 November 1920, Greek Legislative Elections. Liberal Party loses and United Opposition wins.
14 November 1920, Wrangel evacuates Crimea. End of White Movement’s military threat to Soviet
Russia
17 November 1920, Elefterios Venizelos resigns as Prime Minister of Greece. Replaced by United
Opposition politician Dimitrios Rallis.
18 November 1920, Armenian and Turkish forces sign a ceasefire. (Armenian-Turkish War)
22 November 1920, Greek Referendum. King Constantine I is restored to the Greek throne.
23 November 1920, Hamo Ohanjanyan steps down as Prime Minister of the Armenian Democratic
Republic. He is replaced by Simon Vratsian who is the last Prime Minister of the Armenian Democratic
Republic.
29 November 1920, Soviet Russian invades Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan (Turkish-Armenian War)
1-30 December 1920, Demirci Efe Incident (refusal to submit to military discipline)
3 December 1920 , Treaty of Alexandropol between the collapsing Republic of Armenia and the Turkish
Grad National Assembly. End of Turkish-Armenian War (Turkish-Armenian War)
DRAFT 8
27 December 1920-23 January 1921, Circassian Ethem Mutiny
6-11 January 1921, Battle of 1st Inonu (Greek-Turkish War)
16 January 1921, Georges Leygues is replaced as French Prime Minister by Aristide Briand.
24 January 1921, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk resigns from Head of Government of Turkish Grand National
Assembly. He is replaced by Fevzi Cakmak.
6 February 1921, Dimitrios Rallis resigns as Prime Minister of Greece due to health reasons (dies 5
August 1921). Replaced by Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos.
9 February 1921, Siege of Antep ends (Franco-Turkish War)
13 February-13 July 1921, Armenian anti-Soviet February Uprising and Republic of Mountainous
Armenia.
6 March to 7 June 1921, Kocgiri Kurdish Insurrection
9 March 1921, Abortive peace treaty between France and the Turkish Grand National Assembly
16 March 1921, Treaty of Moscow between the Turkish Grand National Assembly and Soviet Russia.
25 and 29 March 1921, The Gounaris –Metaxas meetings. Metaxas refuses to enter the government.
26 March - 9 April 1921, Battles of 2nd Inonu and of Greek Reconnaissance in Force (Greek-Turkish
War)
8 April 1921, Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos resigns as Prime Minister of Greece, replaced by Dimitrios
Gounaris.
15 May 1921, Legislative Elections in Italy. Socialists come first.
25 May– 21 Νοvember 1921, Mehmet Ayancioglu Cetes Group Incident
9 June 1921, Inebolu bombarded by the Greek Navy
16 June 1921, The Grand Turkish National Assembly orders the deportation into the interior of all Pontic
Ottoman Greek males aged 16 to 50 from Samsun/Sampsounta. Policy implemented by Nurretin Pasha.
Topal Osman pasha massacred many of the deportees. By September 1921 deportation orders expanded
to the whole Pontic Ottoman Greek population of the region.
21 June 1921, French troops evacuate Zonguldak
23 June 1921, Action at Yenikoy (Greek-Turkish War)
4 July 1921, Giolliti resigns as Italian Prime Minister in reaction to poor electoral showing. He is replaced
by Ivanoe Bonomi.
5 July 1921, Final Italian troops evacuate Antalya.

DRAFT 9
8 July-21 July 1921, Battles of the Eskisehir-Afyon Karahisar- Kutahya Campaign (Greek-Turkish War)
15 July 1921, Supreme War Meeting including King Constantine I, Prime Minister Demetrios Gounaris,
and most military and political leadership at Kutahya. Decision to conduct “raid” against Ankara.
30 July 1921, aborted attempt of Enver Pasha to re-enter Anatolia.
14 August – 21 September 1921, Battles of the Greek Offensive on Ankara and its aftermath (Greek-
Turkish War)
5 August 1921, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is declared Commander in Chief by the Turkish Grand National
Assembly.
20 August 1921, Amasya Tribunals targeting Pontic Greeks conclude. 465 death sentences passed.
Executions begin.
25 September1921, Amaysa Tribunal executions reported done. At least 155 Pontic Greek leaders
executed.
7-9 October 1921, 3RD Battle of Afyon Karahisar (Greek-Turkish War)
13 October 1921, Treaty of Kars between Soviet Caucasian republics and Turkish Grand National
Assembly
20 October 1921, Treaty of Ankara between the French Republic and the Turksih Grand National
Assembly. End of Franco-Turkish War.
5 January 1922, French troops evacuate Cilicia.
15 January 1922, Aristide Briand replaced as Prime Minister of France by Raymond Poincare.
26 February 1922, Luigi Facta replaces Bonomi as Italian Prime Minister.
16 May 1922, Dimitrios Gounaris resigns as Prime Minister of Greece, replaced by Nikolaos Stratos.
22 May 1922, Nikolaos Stratos resigns as Prime Minister of Greece, replaced by Petros Protopapadakis
7 June 1922, Greek warship bombards Samsun/Smapsunta
9 July 1922, Fevzi Cakmak resigns as Head of Government of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. He
is replaced by Rauf Orbay on 12 July.
4 August 1922, Enver Pasha dies in battle in Central Asia.
19 August-16 September 1922, Battles of the Grand Turkish Offensive and it aftermath. Destruction of
the Greek Army of Asia Minor as an organized fighting force (Greek-Turkish War).
7 September 1922, Greek authorities evacuate Izmir/Smyrna
9 September 1922, Forces under Nurretin Pasha enter Izmir/Smyrna.

DRAFT 10
10 September 1922, Petros Protopapadakis resigns as Prime Minister of Greece. Replaced by Nikolaos
Triantafyllakos. At Izmir/Smyrna Mustafa Kemal Ataturk enters the city, while Nurretin Pasha has
Archbishop Chrysostomos lynched.
11 September 1922, Remnants of Greek Army of Asia Minor revolt against the Greek Government.
Formation of Revolutionary Committee by Colonels Plastiras and Gonatas with support of generals
Kondylis and Pangalos.
13 September 1922, After Royalists of Megara refuse to fight for King Constantine, revolutionary forces
enter Athens. Great Izmir/Smyrna fire destroys the Armenian and Greek quarters of the city. Thousands
of Greeks are massacred or perish.
15 September 1922, onset of the Chanak Crisis between the Turkish Grand National Assembly and the
United Kingdom.
17 September 1922. Action at Panormos/Bandirma. Last military action of Greek Army in Asia Minor
(Greek-Turkish War).
19 September 1922. Last Greek troops evacuate Asia Minor.
28 September 1922, King Constantine I abdicates. His son becomes King George II. Nikolaos
Traintafyllakos resigns. Replaced by military junta that appoints Sotirios Krokidas as interim Prime
Minister.
1 October – 12 November 1922, Evacuation o Greek army and population from Eastern Thrace.
11 October 1922, Armistice of Mudanya. End of active military operations in Asia Minor.
19 October 1922, Carlton Club Meeting leads to collapse of Lloyd George government.
23 October 1922, Lloyd George resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Replaced by Bonal
Law.
31 October 1922, Trial of Six begins. Dimitrios Gounaris, Georgios Baltatzis, Nikolaos Stratos, Nikolaos
Theotokis), Petros Protopapadakis, General Georgios Hatzianestis, Admiral Michail Goudas ,and General
Xenophon Stratigos are put on trial. Later Prince Andrew is also put on trial. In Italy Luigi Facta resigns
in protest to King Victor Emmanuel’s unwillingness to use force against Mussolini. He is replaced by
Benito Mussolini.
1 November 1922, The Grand Turkish National Assembly abolishes the Sultanate, but retains the
Caliphate.
4 November 1922, Ahmed Tevfik Pasha resigns. End of the Ottoman government. Anti-nationalist
politician Ali Kemal is lynched by a mob at Izmit/Nicomedia after being surrendered to Nurrentin Pasha.
15 November 1922, General Elections in the United Kingdom. Conservatives win and Bonar Law
becomes Prime Minister. In Greece Trial of Six ends. Dimitrios Gounaris, Georgios Baltatzis, Nikolaos
Stratos, Nikolaos Theotokis, Petros Protopapadakis, and General Georgios Hatzianestis are executed.
DRAFT 11
Prince Andrew is also sentenced to death, but the UK forces the government to change it into banishment
(starting December 4th).
17 November 1922, Sultan Mehmed VI Vahdettin flees Istanbul/Constantinople. Abdulmecit declared

Caliph by Grand Turkish National Assembly.
21 November 1922, Conference at Lausanne opens.
24 November 1922, Sotirios Krokidas resigns as Prime Minister of Greece in opposition to the executions
of the Trials of Six. Replaced by Colonel Gonatas on 27 November 1922. The Gonatas administration
will rule until 11 January 1924.
27 December 1923, exiled King Constantine I of Greece dies.
16 April 1923, Last meeting of first Turkish Grand National Assembly.
28 June 1923, Non-Competitive Elections held for Turkish Grand National Assembly. The anti-Kemal
Second Group loses all parliamentary representation.
24 July 1923, Treaty of Lausanne Signed
4 August 1923, Rauf Orbay resigns as Head of the Government of the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
He is replaced by Fethi Okyar.
9 September 1923, Peoples Party registers in Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is voted its leader.
6 October 1923, The Army of the Turkish Grand National Assembly official enters
Istanbul/Constantinople
13 October 1923, The seat of government is transferred official to Ankara.
22-27 October 1923, Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis anti-Venizelist attempted coup in Greece.
29 October 1923, Republic of Turkey is declared. The Turkish Grand National Assembly votes Mustafa
Kemal Ataturk, unopposed, as first President of the Republic of Turkey.
1 November 1923, Fethi Okyar becomes Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Ismet Inonu
becomes Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey.
16 December 1923, Legislative Elections in Greece. Royalist abstain. Liberals win majority.
19 December 1923, King George II leaves Greece. In Turkey, the Turkish Grand National Assembly
votes to prohibit military officers to hold political positions in the future.
11 January 1924, Elefterios Venizelos Prime Minister of Greece
6 February 1924, Venizelos resigns over the issue of a republic, and is replaced by republican Liberal
Georgios Kafantaris as Prime Minister of Greece.
2 March 1924, The Caliphate is abolished.

DRAFT 12
4 March 1924, Calpih Abdulmecit leaves the Republic of Turkey. End of the Ottoman dynasty.
12 March 1924, Ardent republican Alexandros Papanastasiou replaces Georgios Kafantaris as Prime
Minister of Greece.
25 March 1924, Liberal dominated parliament declares a republic in Greece.
13 April 1924, Greek Referendum. Monarchy abolished and Second Hellenic Republic established. It will
last to 1935.
DRAFT 13
Schematic Map of Western and Central Turkey/Anatolia 1919

DRAFT 14
GREEK FORCES IN ASIA MINOR CAMPAIGN 1919-1922
Initial Landings 1919

May 1919
I Division “Iron Division”,Col(Arty) Nikolaos apheiriou
-4th IR (arrives 5/1919)
-1/38 Evzones (ARRIVES 5/1919)
2 Pack Artillery Batteries
Totals: 1 Division, 3 Regiments
Ayvalik/Cydoniae Irregulars
300-400 men
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Minor 1919-1922”
June 1919
Arhipelagos Division
-5th Arhcipelagos IR (arrives 5/1919)
-6th Arhchipelagos IR(arrives 5/1919)
-8th Cretan Regiment (arrives 5/1919)
3rd IR (arrived 6/1919)
Gendarme Battalion (500 men)
3rd Cavalary Regiment
Totals: 2 Divisions, 7 regiments
Greek Forces Summer 1919

Commaner: Mj. General Konstantinos Nider (from 2 June 1919)
Army Corps A, MjGen Konstantinos Nider

-I Division, (Col (Arty) Nikolaos Zapheiriou)
--4th IR
--5th IR
--1/38 Evzone Regiment
-II Division, (Maj.Gen Nikolaos Vlachopoulos)
--1st IR
--7th IR
-- 34th IR
-XIII Division, (Maj.Gen Iakovos Negropontes)
--2nd IR
--3rd IR
-Smyrna Division, (Maj.Gen Alexandros Mazarakes-Ainian)
-- 8th Cretan Regiment
-- 27th IR
-Archipelagos Division, (Col (Inf) Charalambos Tseroules)
DRAFT 15
--4th Archipelagos Regiments

3rd Cavalry Regiment
9th Field Artillery Regiment
1st Heavy Artillery Battalion
Gendarmie Battalion
Smyrna Security Battalion
533 Air Squadron. (4 Recon , 1 Bomber)
Naval Aviation Division (10 Recon Bombers, 15 Fighters)
1st,4th Reserve Battalions
2nd Engineer Battalions
Final Tally June 1919

5 Divisions
39 Battalions (14-15 regiments)
48 Mountain Guns
24 Field Guns
700 Cavalry Sabers
30 Airplanes
Action at Pergamum 2/3 June 1919
See OOB Section
Army of Occupation of Asia Minor 1919-1920 & Army of Asia Minor1920

Greek Forces 12/1919 to 2/1920
Commanders:
Konstantinos Meliotes-Komnenos December 1919-February 1920
Leonidas Paraskevopolos February 1920-November 1920 (command renamed Field Army of Asia
Minor)
A Corps ( MjGen Konstanitnos Nider)

-I Division (Col.Nikos Zafeiriou)
--4th IR
--5th IR
--1/38 Evzones
-II Division (MjGen. Nikos Vlachopoulos)
--1st IR
--7TH IR (arrives 6/1919)
--34TH IR
-XIII Division(MjGen Iakovos Negropontis, then Konstantinos Manettas)
--2nd IR
--3rd IR
--5/42 Evzones (arrives 5/1919)
Smyrna Corps (Lt.Gen Demetrios Ioannou)

-Arhipelagos Division (Col. Charalambous Tseroulis)
DRAFT 16
--4th Arhipelagos IR (arrives 6/1919)

--5th Arhipelagos IR
--6th Arhipelagos IR
-Smyrna Division (MjGen. Alexandros Mazarakis-Ainian)
--27th (created 6/1919 Smyrna, moved to Thessaloniki 5/1920) and 28th IR (created 7/1919) in October
--29th and 30th (arrives 11/1919) IR in November
Army Units
-Heavy Artillery Regiment
-9th Field Artillery Regiment
-1 Howitzer Battery
-2 Air Groups (Air Force Sector-Squadron B and C &Aviation Squadron Echelon, & Naval Aviation
Squadron of two flotillas)
-Cavalry Brigade (1st and 3rd CR. 1st Arrives in 2/1920, 3rd Arrives in 5/1919)
Reserve
-Old Independent Division becomes Cydoniae Division (Col(Inf) Alexandros Othonaios) in Winter
1920 then Col (Inf) Panagiotes Gargalides (from 24 July 1920)
--31 IR (arrives 2/1920)
--32 IR (arrives 2/1920)
--33 IR (renamed Smyrna Garrison Regiment)
-17th Regiment (renamed Smyrna Security Regiment. Created 5/1920 by Pontic Greek Battalion -1000
men(?)-,1st and 5th Reserve Battalions)
-88H Cretan Regiment (initially part of Smyrna Division)
Totals: 2 Corps, 6 Divisions, 20 IRegiments,2 CR
Strength July 1919

-A Corps :1.189 officers and 34.542 soldiers
-Smyrna Corps: 606 Officers ad 18003 soldiers
--Smyrna Division:304 officers and 10.375 soldiers
--Archipelagos Division: 302 officers and 7628 soldiers
Strength January 1920
2400 officers, 62743 men ,5705 from the 1913 a and b classes about to be discharged
Strength of Greek army of Asia Minor April 1920
3248 Officers, 91063 enlisted men

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summer 1920 Army of Asia Minor
A Corps
-I & II Divisions
Smyran Corps
-Smyrna, Archipelago and XIII Division
General Reserves
-Cydoniae Division
-Cavalry Brigade
Total: 52 Infantry Battalions, 14 Cavalry Companies, 72 Field Artillery guns, 96 Pack Artillery Guns, 36
Heavy Artillery Guns, 100000 men.
DRAFT 17

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Creation of Magnesia Division June 1920
Magnesia Division (Col(inf) Antonios Papanikolaou)
-17th IR (ex Smyrna Security Regiment)
-18th IR
-9th Cretan Regiment
-Ex Cretan Division Pack/Mountain Artillery Regiment
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operations towards Gediz, August 1920

B Army Corps, MjGen Perikles Mauromichales
-Cydoniae Division
-III Division, MjGen Nikolaos Trikoupis
Cavalry Brigade returns

-1st CR
-3rd CR
-Machine Gun battalion
-Field Artillery Battery
Creation of three Rear Area Regiments from 3 Rear Area Battalions
Cretan Division arrives in September 1920 as replacement of Cydoniae Division moved to Greece to
guard elections. Given to Army Corps B. Largely takes in elements of Cydoniae Division.
Cretan Division, MjGen Euthymios Tsimkales

-7th Cretan Regiment (understrength)
-8th Cretan Regiment (understrength)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Battle of Han-Gediz, 14-15 October 1920, Greek Forces
See OOB Section

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November-December 1920 Name Changes
Smyrna Corps= C Corps
National Defense Corps= D Corps
Arhipelagos Division=VII Division
Serres Division=VI Division
Smyrna Division= X Division
Cydoniae & Crete Division= V Division
Magnesia Division=XI Division
Xanthe Division=XII Division
Field Army of Asia Minor 1920-1922

Commanders:
Lt.Gen Anastasios Papoulas November 1920-May 1922
DRAFT 18
Lt.Gen Georgios Hatzianestis May 1922-August 1922

Lt.Gen Georgios Polymenakos August 1922 to disbandment
Army at November 1920

A Corps
-I Division
-II Division
-XIII Division
B Corps
-III Division
-Crete Division
-3rd Rear Regiment
Smyrna Corps
-Smyrna Division
-Archipelagos Division (5 Archipelago Regiment in Greece for election)
Army Reserves
-Magnesia Division
-Cydoniae Division ( in Greece for election)
-Cavalry Brigade
Total Strength: 3805 Officers, 111861 enlisted men, 115 Field Artillery 75mm Guns, 37 Pack(Mountain)
Artillery 75mm Guns, 109 Pack(Mountain) 65mm Guns, 24 Heavy Artillery 120mm DeBange Guns, 12
Armstrong Howitzers 155mm.
December 1920 Cydoniae and Crete Divisions are merged

V Division
-7th Crete Regiment-> 43rd IR in December 1920
-8th Crete Regiment->44th IR in December 1920
-Cydoniae Regiment (ex-33rd IR)-> 45th IR in December 1920
32nd and 31st IR were disbanded
2/39 Evzone Regiment was assigned to Smyrna Corps.
From Evros arrive

IX Pack Artillery Regiment (two battalions)-> combined with artillery of III Division
IX Divisional Cavalry (two squadrons probably)-? Combined with III Divisional Cavalry.
1st Battle of Inonu (6-11 January 1921 NC/ 24-29 December 1920 OC)
In Greek Sources this operation was called the Strategic Reconnaissance and the Battles of Akpinar and
Kovalicha
See OOB Section
March 1921 Operations-2nd Inonu

Mobilization in March 1921 of three age classes.
Reinforcements
DRAFT 19
-3/40 Evzone Regiment (1098 enlisted men)

-Battalion from Constantinople (900 men)
-4430 men from IV Division (at Nafplion)
-14900 reservists
Field Army of Asia Minor in March 1921
A Corps (Gediz Chay-Malkach Dere)

-I Division (minus 5th IR)
-II Division
-XIII Division
--3rd IR at Ushak
-Howitzer Artillery Battalion
-Field Artillery Battalion
Totals: Afyon Karahisar Force-10550 infantry,210 cavalry, 120 MGs, 56 Artillery pieces (32
pack/mountain, 24 field). Security forces-4900 men, 80 cavalry (1 divisional section), 72 MGs, 48
Artillery pieces (16 pack/mountain, 12 field, 20 heavy)
C Corps(South Shore Lake Askoy-Mount Olympus /Uludag)

-III Division
-VII Division
-X Division
-Cavalry Brigade
-5th IR of Bursa/Prusa Military Area Command
-Two Heavy Artillery Battalions
Total: Forces Allocated to Advance to Eskishehir-16910 Ifantry, 911 Cavalry (671 Cav. Brig, 240
divisional cavalry)228 MGs, 88 Artillery Pieces (48 pack/mountain, 32 field, 8 heavy 120mm).
Prusa/Bursa Security forces-2800 men, 24 MGs, 16 Artillery pieces (4 filed, 12 heavy)
B Corps (Marmara Sea/Propontis-Lake Artynia-Gediz Chay)

-V Division
-3rd Rear Regiment
-Battalion of Field Artillery
Total: 7565 men, 96 MG, 28 Artillery (16 pack/Mountain, 12 field)
General Military Command

-18th IR
-2 Rear Area Regiments
Total: 5100 men, 24 MGs, 8 Artillery Pieces
XI Division in Izmit/Nikomedia under British Command

-17th IR
-One more IR (?)
Total: 5130 men, 66 cavalry, 72 MGs, 16 Artillery
Totals of Field Army of Asia Minor :52235 Infantry, 1267 Calvary, 636 MGs, 260 Artillery Pieces
Battles 2nd Battle of Inonu

Battle of Avgin-Inonu-Kovalicha 14-19 March 1921 (OC) /27th March-1st April 1921 (NC)
DRAFT 20
1ST Battle of Afyon-Karahisar 13-15th March 1921 (OC)26th- 2th 8 March 1921(NC)
1st Battle of Dumlupinar(Asilhanar) 26-28 March 1921 (OC) 7-9April 1921 (NC)
See OOB Section
Kutahya-Eskishehir-Afyon Karahisar Operations June-July 1921

Greek Forces according to Greek Sources
Field Army of Asia Minor :4364 O/122164 EM
Field Army of Thrace/Macedonia: 1525 O/54036 EM
Army Corps E (Epirus): 422/14632
Zone of Interior: 1782/34161
Total: 8093/224993
IV and XI Division reinforced the field army in May/June 1921.

March/April 1921 58000 men from Greece drafted, and 12000 men from Asia Minor.
1000 heavy,5000 light trucks, 250 ambulances
Aviation Corps
-Three Squadrons of Planes
-Naval Aviation Flight
Total Strength 11 January 1921: 6159 O/193994 EM, 63639 pack animals, 318 Artillery Pieces
Organization of Asia Minor Field Army 4th July 1921

Southern Field Army Section (under Army HQ Command)
-Army Corps A (Maj.Gen. Alexandros Kondoules)
--I Division
---4 IR
---5 IR
---1/38 Evzone
--II Division
--2 Field Artillery Battalions
--1 Skoda 105mm Battery
-Army Corps B (Maj.Gen. Aristeoteles Vlachopoulos)
--V Division
---33 IR
---43 IR
---44 IR
--XIII Division
--2 Field Artillery Battalions
-Southern Group of Divisions (Maj.Gen Demetrios Gidas)
--IV Division
--XII Division
---14th IR
---41st IR
---46th IR
DRAFT 21
--Pack Artillery Battalion

-IX Division Joint Detachment
--5 Infantry Battalions
--Pack Artillery Battalion
--Divisional Cavalry
--2 Battalions of 5th Rear Regiment*
--1 Artillery Battery 120mm*
-Cavalry Brigade
-Heavy Artillery Regiment(- 1 Battery sent to IX)
-Aviation Squadrons B,D
-Naval Aviation Flight
-Various support forces
-Ushak Military Command
--1 Battalion of 5th Rear Regiment
Northern Field Army Section (Maj.Gen. Georgios Polymenakos)

-Army Corps C (same as Section CnC)
--VII Division
---23rd IR
---22nd IR
---37th IR
--X Division
--- 17th Regiment of XI Division
---27th IR
---28TH IR
---30th IR
-Northern Group of Divisions(Maj.Gen. Nikolaos Trikoupes)
--III Division
---12th IR
---6th IR
---2/39 Evzone Regiment
--XI Division
--Heavy Artillery 120mm Battalion
*later arrivals
Action at Yenikoy 10th June 1921

Greek: XI Division
Turkish: 2000 men dug in.
Battles of Eskishehir-Kutahya-Afyon Karahisar 27th June-10th July 1921(OC)
Numbers of Greek Forces

Maeander Valley Force and Ushak: 254 O/11076 EM/10 Artillery
DRAFT 22
Military Command Prusa:140O/5000EM/14 Artillery

Southern Field Army Section:1438O/58567 EM/212 Artillery
Northern Field Army Section: 694 O/32833 EM/108 Artillery
1469 cavalry
908 Machine Guns
III Division becomes subordinated to Army Corps C starting July 13th 1921
Battles Kutahya-Eskishehir-Afyon Karahisar

See OOB section
Battle of Arsanli-Dogankoy (Kutahya) 2-3rd July 1921 (OC)
Turkish Counter-offensive at Afyon-Karahisar 1st -2nd July 1921(OC)
Battle of Karabuyu Dag and Ruklu Dag 30th June-1st July 1921(OC)
Action at Altintash 30th June 1921 (OC)
Battle of Chavush Chiftlik/Hill 1799 2-3 July (OC)
Battles of Uchsaray/Cham Tepe (5th, 7th July 1921 (OC))
Battle of Eskishehir 8th July 1921 (OC)/21 July 1921(NC)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
August 1921 (Sangarius/Sakarya)

Greek Army Strength at start of operations
Army Corps A,B,C: 3515 Officers/113380 Enlisted/35310 Pack Animals

Field Army Units: 265 Officers/6620 Enlisted/2840 Pack Animals
Front Zone Units: 765 Officers/28000 Enlisted/7650 Pack Animals
Rear Zone Units: 955 Officers/30000 Enlisted/3100 Pack Animals
Totals: 5500/178000/48900
Operation Troops: 500000 rifles, 2084 sub-machine guns, 684 machine guns, 296 Artillery Guns, 1380
sabers, 18 Aircraft
Other Troops: 10000 rifles, 368 sub-machine guns, 120 machine guns, 130 sabers, 32 artillery guns.
Supply: 600 3-ton trucks, 240 1-ton trucks

A Corps(MajGen Alexandros Kontoules)
-I Division(Colonel(Inf)Athanasios Frangou)
--4th IR
--5th IR
--1/38th Evzone Regiment
-II Division(Colonel(Eng)Georgios Valetas)
--1st IR
--7th IR
--34th IR
-XII Division(Colonel(Inf) Perikles Kallidopoulos)
--14th IR
--41st IR
--46th IR
-Artillery Regiment
DRAFT 23
B Corps (Prince Andreas)

-V Division(Colonel(Inf) Ioannis Trilivas)
--33rd IR
--43rd IR
-- 44th IR
-IX Division(Col(Inf) Vlasios Tsirogiannes, then Col(Cav) Andreas Kallinskes)
--25th IR
--26th IR
Per Greek ADH this Division was minus 4 battalions and a pack artillery battalion sent south of Ushak
Whole division detached to Southern Group from 27th to 31st July (OC)
-XIII Division(Colonel(Art)Kimon Digenes)
--3rd IR
--2nd IR
-Artillery Regiment
-Army Reserve Heavy Artillery Regiment
C Corps (MajGen Georgios Polymenakos)
-III Division(Colonel(Inf) Georgios Nikolaides)
--6th IR
--12th IR
--5/39th IR
-VII Division(Colonel(Inf) Andreas Plates)
--22nd IR
--23rd IR
--37th IR
-Reinforced with a Field Artillery Battalion, I 120mm Heavy Artillery Battalion on 5th August 1921(OC)
-X Division(Colonel(Inf) Petros Soumilas
--27th IR
--28th IR
--30th IR
-Artillery Regiment
-16th IR(from XI Division)
-Cavalry Brigade
--1st CR
--3rd CR
Southern Group of Divisions (MajGen Nikolaos Trikoupes)
-IV Division (Colonel(Eng)Demetrios Demaras)
--8th IR
--11th IR
--35th IR
-XI Division(Colonel(Art) Nikolaos Kladas)
--17th IR
--45st IR
-9th IR
-49th IR
-18th IR
-47th IR
-Naval Air Squadron
DRAFT 24
Totals: 4 Corps or Equivalents, 11 Divisions,1 Cavalry Brigade, 2 Cavalry Regiments, 37 IR
Source: Jowett Phillip, Armies of the Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922, Osprey Publications
AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Minor 1919-1922” for Divisional Commander names
21st August 1921 (OC)

IX Division transferred from Army Corps B to Army Corps C
3rd Spetmeber 1921 (OC)

Arrival of Independent Division at Eskishehir from Eastern Thrace
Independent Division
-51st IR
-52nd IR
-53rd IR
-Pack Artillery Battalion
AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Minor 1919-1922”
Battles Sangarius
Action at Amorium
2nd Action at Amorium
Battle of Mangal Dag
Battle of Tamburoglu
Battle of Sapanja
Battle of Kale Gozu
Battle of Chal Dag-Ardiz Dag (last attack as part of offensive operations)
Action of Sadikli
Battle of Karajakaya (last greek attack as part of Sangarius Operation)
Battle of Yamak
Battle of Dua Tepe
Battle of Kartal Tepe
Action at Sivrihisar
Battle of Porsuk River
Action at Seyitgazi
See OOB Section
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aftermath of Sangarius/Sakarya Offensive September 1921- Spring 1922
18th September 1921

Southern Group of Divisions dissolved, IV Division to Army Corp A
th
6 April 1921 (OC) creation of Group of Divisions IX and VII
Rear Area Command: three Rear Area Regiments, Gendarmerie Regiment, Railway Security Regiment
Greek Forces in Frontline December 1921

DRAFT 25
12 Divisions, 1 Cavalry Division, 7 Independent Regiments: 85000 men, 370 artillery pieces
Change in commands:
29 April 1921 (OC)- Lt.Gen Papoulas resigns command of Army of Asia Minor, replaced by Lt. Gen
Georgios Chatzanestes (ex commander of Army of Thrace)
Army Crops B-Prince Andrew-> Major General Nikolaos Trikoupes->Major General Kimon Digenes
Army Corps A-Lt.General Alexandros Kontoules->Maj.General Nikolaos Trikoupes
Army Corps C->Lt.Gen. Georgios Polymenakos-> Major General Petros Soumilas
XIII Division-Maj.Gen. Kimon Digenes->Col (Inf) Miltiades Kaimpales
X Division-Maj.Gen. Petros Soumilas->Col (Inf) Demetrios Papanikolaou
Chief of Staff of Army of Asia Minor: Lt.Gen. Konstantinos Palles-> Maj.Gen. Georgios Valetas
II Division-> Maj.Gen. Georgios Valetas-> Col (Inf) Stylianos Gonatas
Deputy Chief of Staff-> Col (Eng) Ptolemaios Sarregiannes-> Col (Inf) Michael Passares
Formations Changes 12 June 1922 (OC)

Dissolution of Northern and Southern Army Sectors (created after 3rd Afyon Karahisar) and of Group of
Divisions (VII and IX).
Army Corps A-I,IV,V,XII Divisions
Army Corps B: II,VII, IX Divisions
Army Corps C: III,X,XI and Independent Divisions
Units sent to Army Corps D (Thrace)

--56th IR
--III Battalion 3/40th Evzone Regiment
--28TH IR
--55th IR (back to C Corps, Army of Asia Minor on 19th August)
--I Battalion 1/39th Evzone Regiment
--62nd IR (remained in Smyrna)
--63rd IR (recalled before arriving in Thrace)
--Battalion of Skoda 150mm Heavy Artillery
--Independent Battery 65mm Field Artillery
--III Mountain Artillery Battalion
Total:11 Battalions and give batteries
Battles of the Fall 1921-Spring 1922

3rd Battle of Afyon Karahisar
See OOB Section
Summer 1922 (Great Attack-Dumlupınar)

Greek and Turkish Units around Afyon Salient on August 1922
Frontline Reserves
Infantry Battalions Cavalry Companies Infantry Battalions Cavalry Companies
Total Turkish 110 83 30 3
DRAFT 26
Total Greek 37 18 46 0
A Corps (Lt.Gen Nikolaos Trikoupis)

-I Division (MGen Athanasios Frangou)
--4th IR
--5th IR
--49th IR or 43rd IR (not clear among two sources)
--I Mountain Artillery Regiment (2 Battalions)
--III Heavy Artillery 120 Battalion
--Half a Squadron of Cavalry
--2 Companies Engineers
-IV Division (Lt.Gen Demetrios Dimaras)
--8th IR
--11th IR
--35th IR
--IV Mountain Artillery Regiment(2 Battalions)
--II Heavy Artillery 120 Battalion
--9th Howitzer Battery
--Ind. Platoon of Mountain Artillery 5,6
-V Division (Col(Inf) Nikolaos Rokas)
--33rd IR
--43rd IR
--44th IR
--V Mountain Artillery Regiment (2 Battalions)
--Section of 8th Howitzer Batttery
--III Battalion/B Field Artillery Regiment
-XII Division(Col (Inf) Periklis Kallidopoulos)
--14th IR
--41st IR
--46th IR
--XII Mountain Artillery Regiment (2 Battalions)
--III Battalion/A Field Artillery Regiment
--A Battalion Skoda 105m,
--8th Battery Heavy Artillery Regiment 120mm
-- Section of 8th Howitzer Battery
-A Corps Forces
DRAFT 27
--XIII Division Combined Detachment (5/42 & XIIIa Mountain Artillery Battalion)(Col. Nikolaos
Plastiras)
--A Engineer Battalion,
--A Field Artillery Regiment (3 Artillery Battalions, one each to I,IV,XII Divisions)
B Corps (MajGen Kimon Digenis)
-II Division (Co (Inf) Stylianos Gonatas)
--1st IR
--7th IR
--34th IR
--II Mountain Artillery Regiment(2 Battalions)
--Independent Mountain Artillery Battery (75mm)
--Independent Field Artillery Battery (75mm)
--7th Battery of Heavy Artillery 120
--7th Howitzer Battery
--2nd Horse Artillery Battery
--Ushak Group
---31st IR
---54th IR
-VII Division (Col (Inf) Vasileios Kourousopoulos)
--22nd IR
--23rd IR
--37th IR
--VII Mountain Artillery Regiment(2 Battalions)
-IX Division(Col (Inf) Panagiotes Gardikas)
--25th IR
--26th IR
--3/40th Evzone IR (2 Battalions. 3rd Battalion at D Corps)
--IX Mountain Artillery Regiment(2 Battalions)
--II Battalion of B FieLd Artillery
-- Half -Squadron of Cavalry
-XIII Division (Col(Inf) Miltiades Kaimpales)
--2nd IR
--3rd IR
--5/42 was an organic unit of this division, but detached to direct Corps control.
--XIIIb Mountain Artillery Battalion
-Ushak Military Command
-Kutahya Military Command
C Corps (MjGen Petros Soumilas)
-III Division(Col. (Inf)Georgios Gortzas)
--6th IR
--12th IR
--2/39 Evzone Regiment (minus I/39 Battalion at D Corps)
--Anti-Kemalist Group under 2nd Lieutenant Hasan Hussein
--IIIb Mountain Artillery Battalion
DRAFT 28
--I Battalion of C Field Artillery Regiment

-X Division( Col(Inf) Demetrios Papanikolaou)
--27th IR
--30th IR
--Anti-Kemalist Group under 2nd Lieutenant Hasan Hussein (reported twice)
-- X Mountain Artillery Regiment(2 Battalions)
--2 and a half batteries of the C Field Artillery Regiment
--1 and a half battery of I Howitzer Battalion
--4th Battery of Heavy Artillery Regiment 120mm
--2,Half -Squadrons of Cavalry
-XI Division(MjGen Nikolaos Kladas)
--16th IR
--17th IR
--45th IR
--55th IR (recently returned from Thrace, at Kios)
-- XI Mountain Artillery Regiment(2 Battalions)
--2 Batteries of C Field Artillery Regiment (4th and 8th)
--Independent Krupp Field Artillery Battery
--Artillery Section of Scoda 105
--Half Squadron of Cavalry
--Circassian Cavalry Group (180 men)
-2 Companies Engineers
-New Independent Division (Col (Inf) Demetrios Theotokis)
--51st IR
--52nd IR
--53rd IR
--Independent Battalion of Mountain Artillery
--Independent Battalion of Field Artillery (2 Batteries)
--III Battalion C Field Artillery Regiment (7th and 9th Batteries)
-- 1 and a half Howitzer Batteries
--2nd Independent Section of 2nd Mountain Artillery Battery 75mm Dangli Guns
--III Battalion of Scoda Guns
-- Two half-squadrons of cavalry
-Military Command Proussa/Bursa (includes naval and gendarme units)
-Military Command Eski-Sehir/Doryllaion
-47th IR
-57th IR (two filed battalions and one garrison battalion)
-32nd IR (August 15)
-55th IR (arrived from Thrace on 19th August 1922)
-ΙΙ/Ι Cavalry Battalion
-Engineer Regiment
- C Air Squadron Γ
Army Level Units
-Cavalry Division(LtGenA ndreas Kallinskes)
--1st Cavalry Regiment
--2nd Cavalry Regiment
--3rd Cavalry Regiment (Created 22-7-1922)
DRAFT 29
--4th Cavalry Regiment

--Mounted Machine Gun Battalion
--1st Horse Artillery Battery
-Air Arm
--B Air Squadron
--C Air Squadron
--D Air Squadron
--Naval Air Squadron (3 flights)
(55 aircraft, 40 recon/bombers, 15 fighters, 25-30 of which were readily available)
-Engineers
--1st Rear-line Engineer Regiment
--2nd Rear-line Engineer Regiment
--3rd Rear-line Engineer Regiment
Totals: 3 Corps, 12 Infantry Divisions, 1 Cavalry Division, 45 IR,4 CR, 83 Infantry Battalions, 134 Pack
Guns66/75mm, 76 Field Artillery 75mm, 16 Skoda 105mm, 20 De Bange 120mm, 12 Howitzers Skoda 6
inch, 18.5 Cavalry Squadrons.
Source: https://storiacontroversa.blogspot.gr which itself probably from the Greek General Staff
Directorate of History.
Dissolution of IV Division 15/28 August 1922
Main Group
IV Division
-several infantry battalions (maximum of 4?)
-26th IR of IX Division
Karydes Group (Lt.Colonel (Inf) Karydes)

-5 Infantry Battalions
-two pack artillery battalions
-Engineer two company force
Separation of Asia Minor Field Army 15-18 (OC)/28 August-1st September (NC) 1922
Trikoupes Group
IV Division (four battalions and divisional cavalry)
V Division
IX Division
XII Division (minus 2 battalions)
XIII Divisions (minus Plasteras Detachement)
Five Field Artillery Battalions
Two Skoda 105mm Battalions
One Heavy Artillery Battalion (plus a battery)
One Howitzer Battalion
Frangou Group
I Division
II Division
DRAFT 30
IV Division (5 battalions, two pack artillery battalions, engineer two-company force)

VII Division
Two Battalions XII Division
Plasteras Detachement (three Battalions -5/42 IR, Pack Artillery Battalion)
Cavalry Division
One Field Artillery Battalion
One Heavy Artillery Battalion
Army Corps C at point of 4th Afyonkarahisar
III Division (minus 1/39 Evzone Battalion and III Pack Artillery Battalion)
X Division (minus 28th Infantry Regiment)
XI Division
47th and 57th IR
Field Army Engineers Detachment
Field Artillery Regiment C (9 Batteries)
III Pack Artillery Battalion Skoda 105 (2 Batteries)
Howitzer Artillery Battalion (3 Batteries)
Two Independent Field Batteries
2.5 Pack Artillery Batteries
Heavy Artillery Battery 4 (120mm)
2/I Cavalry Battalion (two companies)
Airplane Squadron C 12 Recon/ Bomber and 2 Fighter Planes
Total: 38 Infantry Battalions, 31 Batteries (6 Heavy), two cavalry companies, 9 Engineer Companies
Battles of August 1922 Turkish Offensive

Action at Ortanja
Action at Bilejik
4th Battle of Afyon Karahisar
Action at Egret
Battle of Hamurkoy-Ilbulak Dag
Action at Karagozeli
Battle of Aliveran/Alioren
Action Of Chorum Dag,
Action at Kapalkar
Actions at Takmak-Cheshmekoy
Action at Kapaka Dag
Battle of Salihli
Battle of Derekoy - Bin Tepe
Action at Bornova
Action at Vryoula
DRAFT 31
Action at Lestren Dag

See OOB Section
Battles of the Retreat of Army Corps C and other Units

Actions of the Independent Division
Clash at Kovalinca
Action at Karakoy
Actions at Prusa,
Action of Kios/Gemlik
Action at Filadar Dag,
XI Division at Prusa-Mudanya Road,
XI Division Battle at Mudanya
Action at Bayram Tepe,
Action at Panormos, -Last Action in Asia Minor
See OOB Section
Army of Thrace 1919-1922

Commanders:
Lt.Gen Georgios Hatzianestis April 1922-May 1922
1919
Xanthe Division (later XII Ddivision)
-13th IR
-14th IR
-15th IR
-12TH Mountain Artillery Regiment (2 Battalıons)
1 and a half cavalry squadrons.
Total: 1 Division, 3 IR
1920
IX Division (Leonardopoulos)
Serres Diivision (Zumvrakakis)
Smyrna Division (Mazarakis)
-29th IR
-30th IR
Cavalry Brigade (from Army of Asia Minor)
Total: 3 Divisions, probalby 6 IR
7-9/1921
New Independent Division
-51st IR
-52nd IR
-53rd IR
-Pack Artillery Battalion
DRAFT 32
June –July 1922

Renamed to D Army Corps and placed under command of Army of Asia Minor
Army Corps D
Maj.Gen Aristoteles Vlachopoulos
A Division(Maj. Gen. Konstantinos Skarlatos)-units sent from Army of Asia Minor
B Division (Col(Inf) Chrestos Papanikolaou)
Adrianopole Division(Maj.Gen S.Koureveles)
VI Division (Maj. General Epaminondas Zymvrakakes)
Field Army of Thrace 6th September (OC)/19th September (NC) 1922

Lieutenant General Polymenakos later Lt. General Konstantinos Nider
III Division (minus 12th IR)

X Division
12th IR and Field Artillery Battery
57th IR
Army of Evros/Hebrus 1922-1923

Commanders:
MjGen. Theodoros Pangalos
Army Corps D Mj.Gen. Georgios eonardopoulos
-VII Division (Mj.Gen. Konstantinos Manetas)
-VI Division (Mj.Gen. Zapheires Papathanasiou)
-Division of Andrianopoulis (Later merged with XI Division) (Col. Georgios Ziras)
Army Corps C Mj.Gen. Chrestos Chatzemichales
-XII Division (Col. Dionysios Staurianopoulos)
-X Division (Mj.Gen. Euthymios Tsimikales)
-III Division (Col. Vlasios Tsirogiannes)
Army Corps B (Mj.Gen. Aexandros Othonaios)
-IV Division (Col.Konstantinos Petsas)
-Crete Division (Col. Georgios Kondyles)
- XIV Division (Col. Antonios Panagiotopoulos)
Cavalry Division
2 Field Artillery Regiments
Total: 3 Corps, 9 Infantry Divisions, 1 Cavalry Division, 2 Artillery Regiments

Sources:
Ellinikos Stratos Apostaleis eisa Mikran Asia Symfono me tin Synthiki ton Sebron
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/page.php?page=ha_mikrasia
DRAFT 33
ITALIAN ORDER OF BATTLE 1919-1922

(excluding troops in Istanbul/Constantinople)
Commanders:
Giuseppe Battistoni dal 29 aprile 1919 al 24 luglio 1919
Luigi Bongiovanni dal 24 luglio 1919 al 17 agosto 1919
Vittorio Elia dal 17 agosto 1919 al 18 dicembre 1919
Achille Porta dal 18 dicembre 1919 al 7 agosto 1920
Giorgio Fusoni dal 7 agosto 1920 al 29 aprile 1922
Livorno Brigade
-33rd Regiment (3 Battalions)
-34th Regiment (4 Battalions)
-3 Machine Gun Companies (24 weapons)
XXVI Bersaglieri Battalion (2 companies and 1 machine gun company or 8 weapons)
IV Bersaglieri Cyclist Battalion (3 companies and 1 machine gun company of 6 weapons)
2nd Squadron Group ,20th Cavalry Regiment “Roma” (2 squadrons of cavalry)
1 independent Platoon, 18th Cavalry Regiment “Piacenza”
XL Mountain Artillery Group ((2) 65/17 batteries, (1) 70/15 battery)
LII Engineer Battalion (3companies)
At Konya:1 Battalion 136th Regiment “Campania” (4 companies and 2 companies of machine guns with 8
weapons).
Total: 10 Battalions (2-3 Regiment Equivalents), 3 Artillery Batteries
Source:
Giovanni Cecini, Il Corpo di Spedizione italiano in Anatolia (1919-1922), USSME, Roma 2010
Giovanni Cecini, Militari italiani in Turchia (1919-1923), Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore della
Difesa, Roma 201
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Minor 1919-1922” names a certain General
Momfalconi as commander of Italian forces in Summer 1919. Italian sources do not corroborate.
DRAFT 34
BRITISH FORCES 1922

Commanders:
Unknown commander
28th Division (Maj-Gen. H. Croker)(Istanbul and Dardanelles)
-3rd Hussars
-XVII Brigade RFA –13, 26, 92 Batteries
-XIX Brigade RFA - 29, 96 Batteries
-V Pack Brigade RFA-1, 5, 7, 14 Batteries
-12 Field Company Royal Engineers
-2 Divisional Signal Company
-83 Brigade
--2 Bn Royal Fusiliers
--2 Bn Royal Sussex Regiment
--1 Bn Loyal North Lancashire Regiment
--1 Bn Buffs
--1 Bn Gordon Highlanders
-85 Brigade
--1 Bn Kings Own Scottish Borderers
--2 Bn Sherwood Foresters
--2 Bn Highland Light Infantry
--2 Bn Rifle Brigade
Independent Units
X Brigade RFA-30, 46, 51, 54 Field Batteries
1 Bn Grenadier Guards
2 Bn Grenadier Guards
1 Bn Irish Guards
1 Bn Kings Liverpool Regiment
2 Bn East Yorkshire Regiment
1 Bn Duke of Wellington’s Regiment
2 Bn Essex Regiment
1 Bn North Staffordshire Regiment
DRAFT 35
2 Bn Royal Ulster Rifles

11 Royal Marine Battalion
Total: 1 Division, 28 Battalions ( about 9 regiment equivelants), 9 Artillery Batteries, 1 Cavalry Regiment
Source: http://www.orbat.info/history/historical/uk/ops1919-39.html
Source:https://www.bulgarianartillery.it/Bulgarian%20Artillery%201/Testi/T_British%20Army%20in%
20Macedonia.htm
British Forces opposing Turkish XIII. Corps 1918-1919

th
-18 Indian Division not at full strength (Musul, 1 infantry battalion at each İmadiye and Zaho)
--54th Indian Brigade
--Cavalry Regiment (1000 strong) (Musul). 1 company at each Akra and Zaho.
--30 Artillery pieces (Mostly in Musul, 1 battery at each Akra, İmadiye, Zaho)
--5 airplanes at Musul and 1 at Zaho
--About 300 Eastern Assyrian English soldiers are at Zebar and Akra.
-17th Indian Div. (Baghdat, replaced 14th Indian Div.)
--Telhazeke, Telebyaz and Birecik 1 battalion each.
--Indian Cavalry Regiment (Maraş)
--3rd Cavalry Brigade (reinforced) and one artillery brigade from 5th Div (Maraş)
--One battalion from 51st Div. reinforced with Armenians volunteers (Urfa)
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p43 ATESE 2009
British Forces at Batum May-September 1919

27th Infantry Division (total 3000 man) (Major-General G.N. Cory)
-80th Infantry Brigade
-81st Infantry Brigade
-82nd Infantry Brigade
-I Brigade Royal Field Artillery
-XIX Brigade Royal Field Artillery
-XX Brigade Royal Field Artillery
DRAFT 36
-CXXIX (Howitzer) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol III p48 GnKur Basımevi 1965
Source: http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/27th-division/
Azerbaijan Army May 1919
Azerbaijan Army (Artillery General Mihmandarof)

-Infantry Division
-Infantry Division
-Infantry Division
-Cavalry Division
-Artillery Division
FRENCH FORCES-ARMEE DU LEVANT 1919-1922

Commanders:
Henri Gouraud
Units that passed through the ranks
Colonial Troops
2nd Regiment Tirailleurs Algeriens (RTA) 1920
17th Regiment Tiraillerus Alegeriens 1920-1922-4 BTN
21st Regiment Tiraillerus Alegeriens 1920-1922-3 BTN
22nd Regiment Tiraillerus Alegeriens 1920-1922-4 BTN
36th Regiment Tiraillerus Tunisiens (RTT) 1919-1922-3 BTN
Isolated Battalions
16/7e RTA 28/2 & 21/3/1920
A/6e RTA 21/3/1920
1/6e RTA 26/4/1920
6/1er RTA 28/4/1920
3/3e RTA 2/5/1920
8/5e RTA 11/9/1920
5/9e RTA 15/9/1920
1/2e RTA 16/9/1920
2/6e RTA 17/9/1920
2/12e RTT 15/10/1920
10/4e RTT 14/08/1921
DRAFT 37
Territorial Troops
415th IR 1919
412TH IR 1919
Artillery
1ST Battery of 2nd Mountain Artillery Regiment (RAM) 1919
2ND Battery of 2nd Mountain Artillery Regiment 1919
-Both units are subordinated to the 272 Campaign Artillery Regiment(RAC) as the 11th Battery in
October 1920 and are part of the 4th Division
26th Battery 1919, becomes 12th Battery of 272 RAC in 1920
30th Battery, 1919,11th Battery of 271 RAC in 1920
26th Battery, 1919
Specific Orders of Battle
September 1919
st
1 Mixed Brigade Syria
-415 IR
-36th RTT
-Syrian Legion
-1st Regiment de March du Cavalarie de Levant
2nd Mixed Brigade Cilicia

-412 IR
-Armenian Legion (6 battalions of 800 men each for 4800 men)
-2nd Regiment de March du Cavalarie de Levant
Total: 6 IR (Equivelant), 2 CR
November 1919- January 1920

1st Mixed Brigade Syria-> December 1919, Division of Syria then 2nd Division
1st Brigade
-415 IR
-Syrian Legion
2nd Brigade
-19th RTA
-22nd RTA
-36th RTT
Divisional Assets
2nd Mixed Brigade Cilicia-> December 1919, Division of Cilicia then 1st Division
1st Brigade
-412 IR
-Armenian Legion
-17TH Regiment Tiraillerus Senegalese
2nd Brigade
-18th RTA
Divisional Assets
DRAFT 38
Totals:2 Divisions, 10 IR Equivelants, 2 CR
January 1920 to June 1921

1st Division (Cilicia) ,General DeFouyou(?)
1st Brigade
-412 IR
-Armenian Legion
-17TH Regiment Tiraillerus Senegalese
2nd Brigade
-18th RTA
-17e RTA
Divisional Assets
-7th Cavalry Regiment (According to Mümtaz Ulusoy, but no such unit is given as part of Army of Levant
by French sources)
2nd Division (Syria), General Delamoute(?)

1st Brigade
-415 IR
-Syrian Legion
2nd Brigade
-19th RTA
-22nd RTA
Divisional Assets
-47th RTA (from 9/1921)
-17th RTS (according to Mümtaz Ulusoy in June 1921)
-5th Cavalry Regiment (According to Mümtaz Ulusoy, but no such unit is given as part of Army of
Levant by French sources)
3rd Division
-2nd RTA (RMTA)
4TH Division, General Gobou

-36th RTT (3rd Division at 4/1920, 4th Division 7/1920 to 8/1921)
-27e RTA (4th Division from 5/1920, 2nd Division from 8/1921)
The following units are assigned to the division by Mümtaz Ulusoy in June 1921. However none of them
are listed as participating in the Levantine Campaign by the French sources.
-12th RTA
-28th RTA
-3rd Cavalry Regiment
Other Forces
21e RTA (1ST Division from 1/1920, 4th Division from 9/1920, 1st Division 8/1921, 2nd Division 3/1922)
27e RTA (to 4th Division according to Mümtaz Ulusoy in June 1921)
4 Independent Battalions
Colonial Regiment of Levant
16e RTS
14e RTS
10e RTS
DRAFT 39
11e RTS
Totals: 4 Divisions, 22 IR (Equivelants), 2CR
Sources:
Levant avril 1917- juin 1941, Eric de FLEURIAN, http://www.les-tirailleurs.fr/documents/ed0688be-
301e-4890-a43d-0cb494906bb1/afficher
Histoire militaire du MoyenOrient,Conflits du Moyen Orient des origines à nos jours,Armée Française du
Levant https://histoiremilitairedumoyenorient.wordpress.com/category/armee-francaise-du-levant/
Mümtaz Ulusoy; “İstiklal Harbi’nde 2nci Kolordu” (II.Corps in TIW). Ankara 2006
French Forces according to Official Turkish History

Adana
Initially,
--412th IR
--African CR (2 companies)
Then
-1st Eastern Div. (Gen. Dufieux) Adana
--17th IR (Tarsus)
--18th IR (Mersin)
--21st IR (Adana)
--22nd IR (Adana)
--442nd AR (Adana)
--7th CR (Adana but companies divided among infantry units)
-2nd Div. (İskenderun, Kilis, Antep, area East of River Euphrates)
-4th Div. (reinforced Antep area by November 1920 but then backed to Syria)
--5 to 10 aircrafts all times
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p43-45 ATESE 2009
ARMENIAN FORCES AT SOUTHERN FRONT 1919-1920

Armenians under 3 forces; Legion D’orient under French uniform, Armenian militias and armed bands.
-2500 man (Antep) includes 2 battalions of Legion D’orient
-2000 man (Maraş) includes 1 battalion of Legion D’orient
-1500 man (Saimbeyli)
-1000 man (Urfa)
-500 man (Zeytin)
-350 man (Şar)

DRAFT 40
-300 man (Kozan)
-1000 man (Adana and Mersin)
-1000 man (Osmaniye, Haruniye Bahçe and Islahiye)
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p49 ATESE 2009
The Armenian-Turkish War 1919-1920 (Eastern Front)

ARMENIAN FORCES AT EASTERN FRONT 1919-1920
CiC General Nazarbekof,
Commander of Western Front General Osepyan
-8 IR (4 battalions each)
-2 Cavalry Regiment
- Guards Regiment (4 Guards Battalions)
-Artillery, Engineers, Comms units
-2 Air Groups 10 airplanes in total
-2 Militia Regiments and volunteer Group
Altogether it is equivalent of 3 Divisions

Totals: 9 IR, 2 CR
Source: Fahri Belen; ”Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı” (Turkish War of Independence), p256-257 (his source was
Official History of TIW vol II). 1973, 1983, 2014.
ARMENIAN FORCES AT EASTERN FRONT MAY 1919

-Denikin Army
--VII. Corps (General Nazarbekov)
--- 1st Infantry Division (General Osepyan)
----1st IR
----IR
--- Infantry Division
----IR
----IR
--- Infantry Division
----IR
----IR
--- Cavalry Brigade
----CR
----CR
--Corps Artillery (4 field artillery pieces and 8 Quick Firing Mountain Guns)
---Sason Regiment (400 infantry and 4 artillery pieces)
Each infantry regiment had 2 infantry battalions plus 2 Quick Firing Mountain Guns. Each battalion had 4
companies and 4 MGs. An infantry battalion had 300 man in average.
DRAFT 41
Each cavalry regiment had 4 companies and 4MGs.

XV.Corps had 7-8000 man plus about 3000 Taşnak militia.
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol III p46-47 GnKur Basımevi 1965
ARMENIAN FORCES AT EASTERN FRONT 28 AUGUST 1920
7th Army (General Nazarbekov)

-Western Front Commander (General Osepyan) at Kars
- Eastern Front (General Sholkovnikov) at Erivan
--1st IR (Mazmanov)
--2nd IR (Serkisyan)
--3rd IR (?)
--4th IR (Mirmanov)
--5th IR (Bartanov)
--6th IR (?)
--7th IR (Sepov)
--8th IR (?)
--3 City Guard Battalions (Kars, Gümrü, Erivan Guard battalions)
-Militia Group (General Dro)

--1st Militia Regiment ( 2000 man)
--Taşnak Militia Regiment (1500 man)
--Mavzerists Regiment (1000 man)
--Sahak Group (General Sahak) (1500 man, probably remains of Denikin Army)
-Cavalry Brigade (at Gümrü)

--1st CR (400 cavalry)
--2nd CR (400 cavalry)
-1st Aircraft Squadron (6 aircrafts) at Kars

-2nd Aircraft Squadron (4 aircrafts) at Erivan
-3 Armored Trains
-40 Fort Artillery Pieces under 2 Art Regiment (mostly at Kars)
-44 Artillery Pieces under 11 Battery
Totalling 12.000 infantry, 1000 cavalry, 250 MG, 84 Artillery Piece, 3 Armored Train, 10 aircraft
Of these force, 2500 infantry (4th IR), 400 cavalry, 70 MG and 18 artillery pieces were at Sarıkamış area.
Regiments are not under Brigades or Divisions.

Each infantry regiment usually had 4 battalions. Each battalion had 4 companies.
Companies usually had 50-60 man. Each company had 2 light MG. Each Regiment had 4 MG company
with 4 MG each. Regiments were about 500-700 man strong.
DRAFT 42
RUSSIAN RED ARMY AT EASTERN FRONT 1920
-20th Infantry Division (at Gence)

-28th Infantry Division (at Şuşa)
-1st Kazak Regiment (at Gerus)
-2nd Kazak Regiment (at Gerus)
GEORGIAN FORCES AT EASTERN FRONT MAY 1919

-1 Infantry battalion (at Ahıska)
-4 MGs (at Ahıska)
-1 Artillery team (at Ahıska)
-3000 man force (at Hocabey)
GEORGIAN ARMY AT EASTERN FRONT 1920
--1st IR (at Batum)

--Border Regiment (at Batum)
--3rd IR (at Çürüksu)

--300 infantry+50 militia (at Artvin)
--250 infantry (at Ardanuç)
--5th Border Regiment (at Tiflis)

--1st Militia Regiment (at Tiflis)
--2nd IR (at SE of Tiblis)

--6th Border Regiment (at SE of Tiblis)
--3rd IR (at Sadaklı)

--4th IR (at Sadaklı)
--Armored Trains (at Sadaklı)
--6th IR (at Kazak)
--7th IR (at Poyla)

--8th IR (at Poyla)
--Militia Regiment (at Sığnak)
DRAFT 43
TURKISH NATIONALIST FORCES

Ottoman Amy November 26, 1918- Late Spring 1919
20 Infantry Divisions, 9 Army Corps
Divisions at Demobilized state: 1540 riflemen, 36 machine guns, 8 artillery guns
41000 men, 256 Artillery pieces in active field army in Late Spring 1919
61000 men including support and command echelons including General Staff
Reserves of 791000 rifles, 2000 machine guns, 945 artillery pieces
At full mobilization: at least 250000 men
Source: Edward J. Erickson (2007) Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I, Routeldge, page 164
Kuva-i Milliye(National Forces) 1919-1920

Izmir/Smyrna Forces 2 May 1919, Nurredin Pasha
-About 600 men of 17th corps, and 4000 irregulars according to Greek sources.
Aydin Force
300-800 regulars, 4000 irregulars, machine guns (?),one field artillery battery(?)
Odemish Force, Capt. Tahir (?)
1000 irregulars
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign at Asia Minor, 1919-1922”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4th Army Corps (Brigadier Yusuf Izzet Pasha (Gen.Met)

-61st Div.
-62nd Div.
Ayvalık Region
-172nd Inf. Regiment
-" Balligedik " "
-" Cumali “
-Company of Bergama
-Artillery Platoon
Soma Region
-188th Regiment: Lt. Col Akif (Greek AHD “A concise history..” names a Captain Omer Kemal as
commander of the region)
-"Hamidiye “
-" Kirkagac”
-"Bakircay “
-"Bergama”
Akhisar Region (Maj. Husnu)
-National Forces
-National Regiment
-National Battalion
Salihli Region
DRAFT 44
-Cerkez Ethem forces

Ödemiş Region
-Capt. Tahir forces
Ahmetli region
-168th Inf. Reg
Denizli Region
-57th Inf. Div.
- National Forces: Maj. Haci Sukru (Aydindag)
--Regiment in Menderes Regiment of Gendarme
--Sarakoy Platoon of Saraykoy
--Artillery : Lt. Kemal
--Platoon of Hamdi Bey
--National Cavalry platoon
--Platoon of Duvarcili
--Platoon of Yoruk Ali Efe in Dalaman
--National Reg. of Aydin
--Platoon of Camlicali Huseyin Efe from Ucyol
-- "Danismentli” Ismail Efe from Anbarcik group
-- Hasan Huseyin Efe” group
--Koca Mustafa from Balyambol group
--Gokcen Huseyin Efe from Adagide group
- -Bademiye
--Company of Mumtaz Bey from Denizli
--Kadir Efendi from Erbeyli Group
-- Keles Region Commander : Gendarm Capt. Rifat
---Equivalent of 8 Platoons
Söke Region
-175th Inf. Reg.
-National Forces of Soke
--Platoon of Kusadasi
Source: Col.Ismet Gorgulu; "On Yillik Harbin Kadrosu" (The Personal of 10 Years Long War) Ankara
1993 p.248-249
Turkish Armed Forces and their deployment by 15 May 1919

st
-1 Corps (Edirne)
--49th Div. (Kirklareli, Edirne)
--60th Div. (Şarköy, Malkara, Keşan)
-25th Corps (Istanbul)

--10th Caucasus Div. (Istanbul)
--1st Div. (Kocaeli Penunsula)
-14th Corps (Tekirdağ)

--55th Div. (Tekirdağ)
--61st Div. (Bandırma, Balıkesir)
-17th Corps (Izmir)

--56th Div. (Izmir, Menemen, Manisa)
--57th Div. (Aydın, Antalya)
DRAFT 45
-20th Corps (Ankara)

--23rd Div. (Afyon)
--24th Div. (transferring from Konya-Ereğli to Ankara)
-12th Corps (Konya)

--11th Div. (Niğde)
--41st Div. (Karaman)
-3rd Corps (Sivas)

--5th Caucasus Div. (Amasya)
--15th Div. (Samsun)
-13th Corps (Diyarbakır)

--2nd Div. (Silvan)
--5th Div. (Mardin)
-15th Corps (Erzurum)
--3rd Caucasus Div. (Tortum)
--9th Caucasus Div. (Erzurum)
--11th Caucasus Div. (Van)
--12th Div (Horasan)
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p37-38 ATESE 2009
Action at Pergamum/Bergama 2/3 June 1919

See OOB Section
Summer 1919 Turkish Units according to Greek Sources

- divisional strengths probably at demobilized level
Axarium-Panormos Area
-15th Corps
--61st Div.
--56th Div.
--4000 irregulars
Meander River Valley
-57th Div.
-4000 irregulars
Salihli-Philadephia Area
-23rd Div.
-3000 irregulars
Bolu Area
-1st Div.
-10th Div.
Kutahya
-unknown forces under Cherkes Ethem Bey

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DRAFT 46
Turkish Nationalist forces in April 1920 according to Greek sources
Meander River Valley

-57th Division
--Three infantry regiments (probably about 1000 men per regiment)
--one 105mm Field Artillery Battery
--one 75mm Pack Artillery Battery
--four 37mm Trench guns
Total Strength: 3650 men
-1500 Irregulars
Cayster River Valley
-Unknown Infantry Brigade
--three battalions
--Quick Fire Field Artillery Battery
--two Quick Fire pack artillery guns
--Irregulars
Hermus River Valley
-12th Army Corps
--23rd Division “National Defense Division”
-- three infantry regiments
-- one Cavalry Regiment
--Battalion of Irregulars
--eight field artillery guns
--16 75mm Quick Fire Pack Artillery Guns
Magnesia Sector
-Elements of the 56th and 61st Divisions and irregulars
Total Strength:10000 men
From Italian Zone
-Yusuf Ali Irregular band (2000 men, 3 machine guns)
Reserves
-20000-25000 men Balikesir, Karahisar, Eskishehir
Turkish Nationalist Force June 1920 according to Greek Sources

42 Infantry Battalions, bands of irregulars, 50 artillery pieces. 42250 men, probably less.
Western Front, (General Ali Fuat Pasha)

-North Sector
--61st Division
--56th Division
-Middle Sector
--23rd Division
--Cherkes Ethem Bey irregulars
-Southern Sector
--57th Division
--Demirji Mehmet Efendi Irregulars
Opposite Greek Front
DRAFT 47
36 Battalions, 2 Cavalry Regiments, Irregulars, 18-20 Artillery Pieces: less than 20000 men
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Battle of Han-Gediz, 24-28 (14-15) October 1920

See OOB Section
Turkish National Army 1919-1922

Eastern (Armenian) Front 15 May 1919
XV Corps (Mirliva Kazim Pasa (Karabekir))
th
--15 IR
--15th CR (Col. Mehmet bey)
--15th AR (Col. Faruk bey)
--7 and 8th Aircraft Squadrons (total 1 aircraft operational)
--Erzurum Garrison Heavy AR (41st and 25th Batteries)(Col. Kazım bey)
-3rd Caucasian Division (Lt. Col. Halit bey (Karsıalan))

--7th Caucasian IR
--8th Caucasian IR
--11th Caucasian IR
--3rd AR
-9th Caucasian Division (Col. Rüştü bey)
--17th Caucasian IR
--28th Caucasian IR
--29th Caucasian IR
--9th AR
-11th Caucasian Division (Staff Lt. Col.Cavit bey)
--18th Caucasian IR
--33rd Caucasian IR
--34th Caucasian IR
--11th AR
-12th Infantry Division ( Lt. Col.Nuri bey (Koptagel))
--34th IR
--35th IR
--36th IR
--12th AR
Infantry regiments had 3 battalions; 1 full battalion (with 4 MG) and 2 reduced battalions (with 1 MG
each)
Artillery regiments had 2 batteries;each battalion had 5 artillery pieces
XV. Corps on 15 May 1919; 15.811 man, 6213 animals, 20.782 rifles, 56 MG, 40 artillery pieces.
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol III p42-45 and OOB-1 Gnkur. Basımevi 1965
DRAFT 48
Eastern (Armenian) Front September 1920

-9th Caucasian Division (196 officer, 2564 man, 46 MG, 8 Artillery piece)
-11th Caucasian Division (226 officer, 2681 man, 48 MG, 10 Artillery piece)
-12th Infantry Division (187 officer, 2707 man, 44 MG, 10 Artillery piece)
-3rd Caucasian Division (157 officer, 1939 man, 36 MG, 21 Artillery piece (13 are static at Zigana)
-Azerbaijan Force (24 officer, 328 man, 2 MG)
Totalling 1422 officer, 528 cavalry, 16541 infantry, 204 MG, 75 Artillery piece, 2 aircraft)
Plus 3500-4000 Aşiret force and about 1500 militia
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol III p139-141 and Attachment-9 Gnkur. Basımevi 1965
Eastern (Armenian) Front 1919-1920

XV Corps (General Kazim Pasa )Karabekir))
-3rd Division (in Trabzon)
-9th Division (Lt. Col Halit bey) (total 7 Inf battalions)
--17th IR (Major Mustafa bey (Saffet))
--18th IR
--1 Cavalry Regiment
-11th Division (in Bayazit)
--5 Infantry battalions and
--4 artillery batteries
--Aşiret Cavalry Regiment
-- Aşiret Cavalry Regiment
-12th Division (Lt. Col Osman bey (Koptagel))
--36th IR (source said Division has 1 Regiment missing)
--Aşiret Cavalry Regiment
-2 Air Units with only 1 operational airplane.
-1500 Şura Milli
Total: 1 Corps Command, 4 Divisions, 5 IR and Equivalents (1 IR and 12 Battalions), 7 Militia CR
XV. Corps. 1428 officers, 16541 infantry, 14269 rifles, 204 MG, 427 sabers, 72 artillery pieces, 4000
Aşiret Irregulars
Source: Fahri Belen; ”Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı” (Turkish War of Independence), p256-257 (his source was
Official History of TIW vol II). 1973, 1983, 2014.
Southern Front 1920-1921

29th June 1920- 9th November 1920
Adana Front
-Kuva-I Milliye
-41st Div (totalling 4-5000man with mixed weapons Mausers, Greek Gra, French Martini, Russian and
British Rifles)
--139th IR (Lt. Col. Semsetting bey (Salur))
DRAFT 49
--Art Regiment (Lt. Col. Mehmet Sabri bey (Erçetin))

--Several Kuva-I Milliye militia groups (total 3000 man)
-Maraş Div (established September 1920) (Lt. Col Mehmet Hayri)

--Osmaniye IR (later 26th IR)
--Antep IR (later 25th IR)
--Maraş IR (core unit) (later 27th IR)
27th IR 14 September 1920 establisment: 35 officers, 393 man, 62 animals, 258 rifles (Refurbished
Martini), 21.700 ammunition (Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p176 ATESE 2009)
December 1920 combat force 500 man
9th November 1920-July 1921

Renamed to II Corp
II.Corps (Col. Selahattin (Adil) bey)
-9th Div (ex-Maraş Div)( Lt. Col Talat)
--25th IR (Major Mahmut Bey, by Jan 17th 1921 Major Hasan Faik bey (Alsaç))
--26th IR (Major Recep Bey (Yazicioglu))
(52 officers, 1378 infantry, 983 rifles, 12 MG, 2 artillery pieces, 225 pack animals. July 1921 arriving to
Western Front)
--27th IR (Major Yusuf Ziya Bey) (54 officers, 1369 infantry, 986 rifles, 12 MG, 2 artillery pieces, 235
pack animals. July 1921 arriving to Western Front)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Ahmet Şükrü bey (Bütten))
-5th Div (transferred from XIII. Corps on August 1920) (Lt. Col Mehmet Kenan Bey(Dalbasar))
--14th IR (Lt. Col Mahmut Nedim Bey)
--15th IR (Lt. Col İlyas bey)
--24th IR (Major H. Hilmi bey)
December 1920 combat force 450 man (total 1500 man 700 pack animal, each battalion 100 man,
Refurbished Martini armed)
February 1921 combat force 700 rifles
--12th Cavalry Regiment (Lt. Col.Cemal bey)

--5th AR
--22nd AR
--9th AR
Source: Mümtaz Ulusoy; “İstiklal Harbi’nde 2nci Kolordu” (II.Corps in TIW). Ankara 2006
Southern Front 1919 (Withdrawed from Adana region during armisticle)

th
-12 Corps (Konya)
--7th CR (3 companies, 150 strong with Adana genderma regiment)
--11th Div. (Niğde) (transferred to 20th Corps on 22 April 1919)

---33rd IR (Niğde)
---126th IR (Bor)
DRAFT 50
---127th IR (Kemerhisar)
--41st Div. (Karaman)

---131st IR (Karaman)
---132nd IR (Konya)
---139th IR (Karaman, 1st battalion at Bozkır)
Source: Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p41,42 ATESE 2009
Al Jazeera Front XIII. Corps (Diyarbakir) 15th May 1919
-XIII. Corps (acting Staff Col. Ahmet Cevdet Bey) located in Diyarbakir
--1st CR
--12th CR
-5th Div (Staff Lt. Col. Mehmet Kenan bey (Dalbasar)) located in Mardin
--14th IR
--15th IR
--24th IR
--2nd AR, 1st Field Art Battalion
-2nd Div (acting Lt. Col. Ali bey) located in Silvan

--1st IR
--6th IR
--18th IR
Totalling 548 officers, 4255 man, 2389 animal, 5737 rifle, 36 MG, 403 saber, 27 artillery piece
Excess weapons (60.0000+ rifle) and ammunition sent to Western Front
Source: Turk İstiklal Harbi Volume IV (Southern Front) p38-40 and charts. ATESE 2009
Revandiz Operations April-June 1922

Özdemir bey Group
-100 regular soldier
-250-300 armed man Sürücü clan (Seyh Galip Efendi)
-800-100 armed man Barzan clan
-200-300 armed man Zebar clan (Faris Ağa)
Source: Turk İstiklal Harbi Volume IV (Southern Front) p299-302. ATESE 2009
Revandiz Operations 31 August 1922 (Battle of Derbent)
Özdemir bey Group

2 Captain, 13 Lt, 70 infantryman, 2 automatic rifle
-Reinforcements
--2 Captain, 1 Lt, 80 infantryman, 1 mountain gun, 3 LMG
-1 platoon from Hakkari Frontier Company
-About 800 locally conscripted infantry

DRAFT 51
-About 7000 clan warriors from Hamuvent, Balik, Piştar, Menkür, Nadoşt, Balıkyan clans)
Revandiz Operations 11 April 1923 (British attack on Revandiz)

Özdemir bey Group
1500 armed man , 4 artillery pieces, 150 gendarme from Seyh Mahmut Force
Turkish Nationalist Forces according to Greek source in late 1920

Western Front
-11TH Division
-24TH Division
-61ST Division
-Cavalry Division
-Cherkes Ethem Force
--2000 infantry, 1800 cavalry, 4 Artillery Guns
Southern Front
-23th Division
-8th Division
-57th Division
-41st Division
-2 Cavalry Division
-Assorted Irregulars
Turkish Forces according to Greek intelligence opposite its front

Unidentified Field Army
-XII Corps
-XIV Corps
-XX Corps
--Seven Divisions: 23rd, 24th, 41st, 56th, 57th, 61st. Total: 29300 men
III Corps-Sivash
-2 Divisions of total strength 3000 men
XV Corps-Erzerum
-4 Divisions of total strength 9000 men
XIII Corps-Diyarbakir
-2 Divisions total strength 5000 men
Opposite A Army Corps according to Greek sources January 1921

rd
23 Division
41st Division
57th Division
Total: 11500 men, 28 Artillery Guns, 2000 irregulars
DRAFT 52
1st Battle of Inonu (Jan. 6-11, 1921)

See OOB Sections
2nd Battle of Inönü (26-31 March 1921)

CnC Brigadier Ismet Pasha (Ismet Inonu)
Western Front (Brigadier Ismet Pasha)
-HQ cavalry platoon
-1st Div. (Lt. Col Kemalettin Sami)
--3rd IR
--4th IR
--5th IR
--Artillery Regiment
--Art. Company
--Stormtrooper battalion
-11st Div.(Col. Mehmet Arif (Ayıcı))
--70th IR (Lt. Col. Hafiz Halit (Uzel))
--126th IR
--127th IR
-24th Div.( Lt. Col.Mehmet Hulusi)
--32nd IR (Major Mumtaz (Kaynak))
--143th IR
-61st Div.(Col. İzzettin)
--159th IR
--174th IR
--190th IR (Major Mehmet Sait bey)
-3rd Cavalry Div.(Lt. Col.İbrahim)
--28th Cavalry Regiment (Major Hüseyin Hüsnü bey (Aykut))
-5th Caucasus Div.(Col. Cemil Cahit)
--10th Caucasus IR
--Battalion of Guards of the Turkish National Parliament
--5th Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Hüseyin Hüsnü bey (Sıdal))
South Front (Brigadier Refet Pasha)

11th Army Corps (Col. Fahrettin)
-23th Div. (Lt. Col. Ömer Halis)
--68th IR
--69th IR
--172nd IR
-57th Div.(Lt. Col.Mümtaz)
-- 37th IR
DRAFT 53
--39th IR
--176th IR
4th Div.(Lt. Col. Mehmet Nazım)
--58th IR
-- 132th IR (Major Yusuf Rıza bey)
-- 175th IR
--Stormtroopers Battalion
8th Div.(Lt.Col. Mehmet Sabri)
--131st IR (Lt. Col? Ahmet Hakkı bey (Özgener))
--135th IR
--189th IR
41st Div.( Lt. Col.Şerif)
--11th IR
-- 16th IR (Lt. Col. Ali Saim (Seçik))
--19th IR (Lt. Col. Omer Hulusi ((Erkonuk))
-- Artillery Regiment
-- Stormtrooper Battalion
1st Cavalry Div.(Lt. Col. Ahmet Derviş)
-- 1st Cavalry Brigade
--2nd Cavalry Brigade
2nd Cavalry Div.(Lt. Col. Nazmi)
-- 3rd Cavalry Brigade
-- 4th Cavalry Brigade
Kocaeli Region Forces (Col Deli Halit)

-Mixed Div.
--23th IR (Lt. Col. Ibrahim Hulusi)
--33th IR
7th Inf. Div.(Col. Hüseyin Nurettin bey (Özsu))

-- 2nd IR
--40th IR
--41st IR
7th Artillery Regiment
Totals:2 Corps, 3 Cavalry Divisions, 11 Divisions or Division Equivelants,32 Regiments,10 Artillery

Regiments, 2 Stormtrooper Battalions
Source: Staff Col.(ret.) Ass. Prof. Dr.Ismet Gorgulu " On Yıllık Harbin Kadrosu"(Personal of 10 Years
Long War) Ankara 1993,
Turkish Forces in Spring 1921 according to Greek Sources

Kocaeli Group
-7th Division
-Combat Team of Two Regiments
-Assorted Irregulars and Militiamen
Total: 16 battalions (4126 men), 16 MGs, 4 Artillery Pieces
DRAFT 54
Western Front
-1st Division
-11th Division
-24th Division
-61st Division
-3rd Cavalry Division
-Cavalry Regiment
Total: 40 Battalions (12341 men), 20 Cavalry Companies (1377 men), 98 MGs, 38 Artillery Pieces
Southern Front
-4th Division
-8th Division
-23rd Division
-57th Division
-41st Division
-1st Cavalry Division
-2nd Cavalry Division
-Infantry Regiment
-Model Cavalry Regiment
-Other Units
Total:50 Battalions (19285 men), 41 Cavalry Companies (3405 men), 143 MGs, 69 Artillery Pieces
General Reserves
5th Caucasian Division
National Assembly Battalion
Other Units
Total: 15 Battalions (6000 men), 7 Cavalry Companies (450 men), 39 MGs, 40 Artillery guns
Total Turkish Army Spring 1921: 41752 Men, 5232 Cavalry, 296 Mgs, 152 Artillery Pieces
Avgin-Kovalicha Line forces 13/26 March 1921 (OC), Turkish forces according to Greek
Sources
61st Division
24th Division
11th Division
4th Division
3rd Cavalry Division
1st Cavalry Division
Detachment from Kojaeli Gorup
20 Artillery pieces
Battles 2nd Inonu

2nd Battle of Inonu-Battle of Avgin-Kovalicha 14/27 March-19 March/1st April 1921
2nd Battle of Inonu(Battle of Afyon-Karahisar) 13/26-15/28 March 1921
2nd Battle of Inonu-1st Battle of Dumlupinar(Asilhanar) 26-28 March/ 7-9April 1921
See OOB Section
DRAFT 55
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Battles Kütahya- Nasuhçal-Eskişehir in July 8th-21th 1921(NC)

(Battle of Kutahya-Afyon Karahisar-Eskishehir for Greeks)
Greek Estimations of Turkish Forces at start of operations

88000 men, 250 Artillery Pieces, 316 Machine Guns. Turkish Nationalists start conscription.
Estimated forces opposite filed army 70000 men and 200 Artillery pieces
Turkish forces according to Turkish Sources

Western Front
Brigadier Ismet Pahsa (Inonu)
1st Divisions Group (Colonel Izzettin)
st
-1 Division (Lt.Col. Abdurahman Nali)
--3rd IR
--4th IR
--5th IR
--1st Artillery Regiment
--Stormtrooper Battalion
-11th Division (Col.Ali Hikmet bey)
--70th IR (Lt. Col. Hafiz Halit bey (Uzel))
--126th IR
--127th IR (Major Osman Nuri Tufan bey (Aydınoğlu Tufan bey))
--11th Artillery Regiment
-23rd Division (Lt.Colonel Omer Halis bey(Bıyıktay))
--68th IR
--69th IR
--172nd IR
--23rd Artillery Regiment
61st Division (Col. Muhip bey)
--159th IR
--174th IR
--190th IR
--61st Artillery Battalion
-3rd Cavalry Division (Major Ibrahim bey)
--27th CR
--28th CR (Major Hüseyin Hüsnü bey (Aykut))
--29th CR
3rd Divisions Group(Col. İbrahim bey)

th
-4 Division (Lt.Col. M.Nazim bey)
--40th IR
--58th IR
--132nd IR
DRAFT 56
24th Division(Lt. Col. M.Hulusi bey)
--30th IR
--32nd IR (Major Mumtaz bey (Kaynak))
--143rd IR
-41st Division (Col. Sherif bey)
--12th IR
--16th IR (Lt. Col Ali Saim bey(Seçik))
--19th IR (Lt. Col. Omer Hulusi bey ((Erkonuk))
--41st Artillery Regiment
--5th Bt.Tk. ?
-1st Cavalry Division (Lt.Col. Ahmet Dervish bey)
--11th Cavalry Regiment (Capt. Galip bey (Tüten))
--14th Cavalry Regiment (Capt. Osman Kamil bey)
4th Divisions Group(Colonel Kemalettin Sami)

-5th Caucasian Division (Lt.Col. Jemal Jahit)
--9th IR
--10th IR
--13th IR
-7th Division (Col. Veysel)
--2nd IR
--23rd IR (Lt. Col. Ibrahim Hulusi)
--41st IR
-8th Division(Col M.Sabri)
--131st IR (Lt. Col or Col. Ahmet Hakkı bey (Özgener))
--135th IR
--189th IR
-2nd Cavalry Division(Lt.Colonel Ethem Servet)
--2nd Cavalry Regiment (Capt. Galip bey)
12th Divisions Group (Colonel Halit)

th
-57 Division(Lt.Colonel Mumtaz)
--37th IR
--39th IR
--176th IR
--57th Artillery Regiments
-Mixed Division (Lt. Col. Ahmet Zeki)
DRAFT 57
--52nd IR
--1st Militia IR
--2nd Militia IR
--Militia Cavalry Regiment
-4th Cavalry Brigade (Lt.Colonel Ismail Hakki)
--33rd Cavalry Regiment
Forces under Direct Western Front Command

-3rd Caucasian Division (Colonel Nuri)
--7th Caucasian IR
--8TH Caucasian IR
--11th Caucasian IR
--3rd Caucasian Artillery Regiment
-6th Division (Lt.Colonel Nazmi)
--50th IR
--51st IR
-15th Division (Colonel Shukru Naili)
--38th IR
--45th IR (Major Ihsan (Burukcekci))
--56th IR (Major Mehmet Fehmi (Tinaztepe))
-14th Cavalry Division (Lt.Colonel Suphi)
--3rd Cavalry Regiment
-Yenisehir Command (Colonel Haji Arif)
--21st Cavalry Regiment
- Battalion of Guards of Turkish National Parliament
Totals: 4 Corps (Equivalent), 15 Infantry Divisions, 5 Cavalry Divisions (equivalent), 44 Infantry
Regiments, 11 Stormtrooper Battalions,13 Artillery Regiments, 19 CR
Source: Staff Col.(ret.) Ass. Prof. Dr.Ismet Gorgulu " On Yıllık Harbin Kadrosu"(Personal of 10 Years
Long War) Ankara 1993,
Turkish Forces according to Greek Sources

Western Front (Gen. Ismet Inonu)
Northern Group
-1st Division
-3rd Division
-61st Division
-3rd Caucasus Division
-11th Caucasus Division
-5th Independent Cavalry Regiment
DRAFT 58
Total: 33190 infantry, 3400 Cavalry, 57 Artillery Pieaces, 116 Machine Guns, 2600 Irregulars, Engineer
Regiment
Southern Group
-41st Division
-23rd Division
-11th Division
-4th Division
-24th Division
-3rd Division
-Independent Infantry Regiment
-41st Artillery Regiment
-two batteries skoda 150mm howitzers
-3 Heavy Artillery Pieces of 150mm
Total:46340 Infantry, 3970 Cavalry, 83 Artillery Pieces, 184 Machine Guns, 5800 Irregulars
Total whole Western Front: 79630 Infantry, 7370 Cavalry, 140 Artillery Pieces, 300 machine guns.
Other forces in rest of Turkey: 14000 infantry, 1200 cavalry, 28 Artillery
Reorganization of Turkish Forces after 1st July 1921 (OC) according to Greek sources
Forces that participated in the further battles of the operation
5th Group of Divisions
-14th Cavalry Division
-15th Infantry Division
-two infantry regiments
2nd Group of Divisions
-24th Infantry Division (- one regiment)
-41st Infantry Division (- one regiment)
-5th Caucasus Infantry Division
-23rd Infantry Division
-3rd Caucasus Infantry Division
-4th Cavalry Brigade
1st Group of Divisions
-1st Infantry Division

DRAFT 59
Final Disposition of Turkish Force on Eve of Greek Attack according to Greek Sources
June/July 1921
Western Front
st
1 Group of Divisions
-1st Division
-11th Division
-23rd Division
-61st Division
-Cavalry Brigade
3rd Group of Divisions

-4th Division
-24th Division
-41st Division

-7th Division
-8th Division

-57th Division
-Group Division (Turkish term Mixed Division)
Other forces
-6th Division
-15th Division
-17th Division
Battles Kütahya- Nasuhçal-Eskişehir

Turkish Counter-offensive at Afyon-Karahisar 1st -2nd July 1921(OC)
Battle of Karabuyu Dag and Ruklu Dag 30th June-1st July 1921(OC)
Battle of Nasuhchal-Yumruchal 15-16 July (NC)
Battle of Eskishehir 8th July 1921 (OC)/21 July 1921(NC)
See OOB section
DRAFT 60
Battle of Sakarya August 1921

Numbers claimed by Greek Sources
90000 men, 200 submachine guns, 545 machine guns, 167 guns of various calibers, 6000 sabers
Turkish National Army

CnC MjGen Mustafa Kemal Pasha
Western Front (MajGen Ismet Inonu Pasha)

-Cavalry Brigade
--21st CR
--Adatepe Cavalry
--Militia Infantry
--2nd CR (Capt. Galip bey)
--4th CR
--13th CR
--27th CR
--28th CR (Major Hüseyin Hüsnü bey (Aykut))
-Provisional Division
--35th IR
--52ndIR
--1st Militia IR
--2nd Militia IR
-3rd Caucasian Division
--7th IR
--8th IR (Lt. Col. Atıf bey (Ulusoğlu))
--11th IR
-6th Division
--34th IR
--50th IR
--51st IR
-57th Division
--37th IR
--39th IR
--176th IR (Lt. Col. Mehmet Sait bey)
-29th IR
-47th IR
-49th IR
-Artillery Regiment
Provisional Divisions Group (Brig.Kazim “Koprulu” Bey)

-1st Cav. Division (Lt. Col. Osman Zati bey (Koral))
--10th CR
--11th CR
--14th CR
-1st Division
DRAFT 61
--3rd IR
--4th IR
--5th IR
-17th Division
--61st IR
--62nd IR
--63rd IR (Major Ali Riza bey (Yalcinalp))
--17th Artillery Regiment (Col. M. Fuat bey (Peközer))
-41st Division
--12th IR
--16th IR
--19th IR (Lt. Col. Omer Hulusi bey ((Erkonuk))
XIII Group (Brig. “Deli” Halid Bey)

-11th Division
--170th IR
--126th IR
--127th IR (Major Osman Nuri bey (Aydınoğlu Tufan bey))
IV Group (Brig.Kemaleddin Sami Bey)
-5th Caucasian Division
--9th IR
--10th IR
--13th IR
-61st Division
--159th IR
--174th IR
--190th IR
III Group (MajGen. Yusuf Izzet Pasha)
th
-7 Division
--2nd IR
--23rd IR (Lt. Col. Ibrahim Hulusi, KIA on Sept 10 1921)
-- 41st IR
-8th Division
--131st IR (Lt. Col or Col. Ahmet Hakkı bey (Özgener))
--135th IR
--189th IR
-15th Division
--38th IR
--48th IR
II Group (Brig. Selahaddin Adil Bey)

-4th Division(Col. Mehmet Sabri bey (Erçetin))
--40th IR
--42nd IR
--58th IR
-5th Division (Lt.Col Mehmet Kenan bey)
--14th IR (Lt. Col Mahmut Nedim Bey)
--15th IR (Lt. Col İlyas Bey)
--24th IR (Major H.Hilmi Bey)
-9th Division (Col. Hayri bey)
DRAFT 62
--25th IR (Major Hasan Faik bey (Alsaç))

--26th IR (Major Recep bey (Yazicioglu)
--27th IR (Yusuf Ziya bey)
I Group (Brig. Izzedin Bey)
-23rd Division
--31st IR (Major Mehmet (Rusen))
--68th IR
--69th IR
-24th Division
--30th IR
--31st IR ?
--32nd IR (Major Mumtaz (Kaynak))
V Cavalry Group (Brig Fahreddin Bey)
--3rd CR
--54th CR
--55th CR
--5th CR
--20th CR
Totals: 8 Corps and Equivalents, 5 Cavalry Divisions, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 18 Divisions, 15 CR, 59 IR, 1
Stormtrooper Battalion.
Source: Jowett Phillip, Armies of the Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922, Osprey Publications
Battles Sakarya
Action at Amorium
2nd Action at Amorium
Battle of Mangal Dag
Battle of Tamburoglu
Battle of Sapanja
Battle of Kale Gozu
Battle of Chal Dag-Ardiz Dag (last attack as part of offensive operations)
Action of Sadikli
Battle of Karajakaya (last Greek attack as part of Sakarya Operation)
Battle of Yamak
Battle of Dua Tepe
Battle of Kartal Tepe
Action at Sivrihisar
Battle of Porsuk River
Action at Seyitgazi
See OOB Section
Turkish Forces according to Greek Sources at the suspension of Greek Attacks 23-24 August 1921 (OC)
General Reserve
-15th Division
-23rd Division
-41st Division
DRAFT 63
-57th Division
I Group of Divisions
-5th Division
-7th Division
-4th Division
II Group of Divisions
-9th Division
III Group of Divisions
-8th Division
IV Group of Divisions
-24th Division
-61st Division
XII Group of Divisions
-11th Division
New Army Corps
-17th Division
-1st Division
V Group of Cavalry Divisions

September 1921
Turkish Groups of Divisions changed to 3 Division Corps (I-V).
Battles of the Fall 1921-Spring 1922

3rd Battle of Afyon Karahisar
See OOB section
Turkish Forces at front line according to Greek Sources

December 1921: 23 Infantry Divisions, 5 Cavalry Divisions, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 220 Artillery Pieces
Great Offensive August 1922

Turkish Forces according to English and Turkish Sources
Western Front (Col. İsmet (İnönü)Pasha)

-Kocaeli Group (Col. “Deli” Halit Bey (Karsıalan))
-18th Division (Lt. Col. Hulusi bey (Conk))
--15th IR (Lt. Col. Huseyin Hüsnü bey (Uzel))
--24th IR (Major Reşat bey)
--61st IR (Lt. Col. Hüseyin Vecihi bey?)
--25th Heavy Artillery Regiment (Major Hüseyin Vehbi bey (Kocagüney))
First Army (Col. Nureddin bey)

DRAFT 64
IV Corps(Col. Kemalettin Sami Bey (Gökçe))

-8th Division (Col. Kazım bey (Sevüktekin))
--131st IR (Lt.Col or Col. ?Ahmet Hakkı bey (Özgener))
--135th IR (Staff Lt. Col. Müfit bey)
--189th IR (Major Avni bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Zekeriya bey)
-5th Caucasian Division (Lt. Col. Halit bey (Akmansu))
--9th IR (Major Hüseyin Hüsnü bey (Demirtepe))
--10th IR (Major İsmail Hakkı bey)
--13th IR (Major Cevat bey (Kuran))
--Artillery Regiment (rank? Nusret bey (Başaran))
-11th Division (Lt. Col Ahmet Derviş?, Proxy Comm after August Lt. Col. Hafiz Halit (Uzel))
--70th IR (Lt. Col. Hafiz Halit bey (Uzel)) later in August proxy commander of 11th Div, Major
Rüştü bey (Akın))
--126th IR (rank? İsmail Hakkı bey (Alpan))
--127th IR (Major Osman Nuri Tufan bey (Aydınoğlu Tufan bey))
--Artillery Regiment (Major Mahmut Cemal bey)
-12th Division (Col. Osman Nuri bey (Koptagel))
--34th IR (Lt. Col. Hasbi bey)
--35th IR (Lt. Col. Talat bey (Ogan))
--36th IR (Major Mehmet Şahin bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Abdulkerim bey (Sunday))
I Corps (Col. İzzettin bey (Çalışlar))

-23rd Division (Lt. Col. Ömer Halis bey (Bıyıktay))
--31st IR (Rank? Mehmet Fırat bey)
--68th IR (Lt. Col. Mehmet Tevfik bey)
--69th IR (Lt. Col. Hüseyin Hüsnü bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Hakkı bey (Aytuna))
-15th Division (Lt. Col. Naci bey (Tınaz))
--38th IR (Lt. Col. İlyas Zeki bey (Aydemir))
--45th IR (Major Ali Rıza bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Akif bey (Dikyar) or Major Ahmet Şükrü bey (Bütten))
-14th Division (Lt. Col. Ethem Necdet bey (Kocabudak))
--25th IR (Lt. Col. Murat bey)
--26th IR (Lt. Col. Yusuf Ziya bey)
--30th IR (Lt. Col. İbrahim Ethem bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Hüseyin Hüsnü bey (Sıdal))
-57th Division (Col. Reşat bey (Çiğiltepe))
--37th IR (Lt. Col. Refii bey (Evinç))
--39th IR (Major Ahmet Turan bey)
--176th IR (Lt. Col. Mazhar bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Seyfettin bey (Çalbatur))
V Cavalry Corps (Lt.Gen Fahreddin Paşa (Altay))

-1st Cavalry Division (Col. Mürsel bey (Bakü))
--10th CR (Lt. Col İsmail Hakkı bey)
--11th CR (Major Ali Rıza bey (Ülgenalp))
--14th CR (Lt. Col. Salih bey)
DRAFT 65
--21st CR (Major Emin Hüsnü bey)

-2nd Cavalry Division (Lt. Col. Ahmet Zeki bey (Soydemir))
--2nd CR (Major Ahmet Kemal bey)
--4th CR (Major Ali Reşat bey)
--13th CR (Capt. Galip bey MIA on Aug28th1922 then Capt Şerafettin bey (İzmir))
--20th CR (Major Kazım bey)
-14th Cavalry Division (Lt. Col. Mehmet Suphi bey (Kula))
--3rd CR (Lt. Col. Ferit bey)
--5th CR (Capt. Esat bey (Avcı))
--34th CR (Major İbrahim Muzaffer bey)
--54th CR (Major Hamit bey (Doğruer))
-6th Division (Col. Hüseyin Nazmi bey (Solok))

--50th IR (Major Remzi bey (Yalçıntepeli))
--51st IR (Lt. Col. Ahmet Faik bey)
--52nd IR (Lt. Col. Mehmet Tevfik bey (Algan)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Rasim bey (Aktuğ))
-Dinar Detachment: 59th IR (Col. Mehmet Şevket bey)
II Corps (Col. Ali Hikmet Bey (Ayerdem))

-7th Division (Col. Naci bey (Eldeniz))
--2nd IR (Lt. Col. Ali Vehbi bey)
--23rd IR (Lt. Col. Ali Muzaffer bey)
--41st IR (Lt. Col. Münir bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Kazım bey)
-4th Division (Col. Mehmet Sabri bey (Erçetin))
--40th IR (Lt. Col. Necip Kadri bey (Demirkazık))
--42nd IR (Lt. Col. Nedim bey)
--58th IR (Lt. Mehmet Rüştü bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Nazmi bey (İnan))
-3rd Caucasian Division (Col.? Kazım bey (Orbay)) unit transferred to I Corps on Aug 22nd 1922
--7thIR (Lt. Col. Burhanettin bey (Denker))
--8th IR (Lt. Col. Atıf bey (Ulusoğlu))
--11th IR (Lt. Col. İsmail bey (Rahmi))
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Şerafettin bey)
2nd Army (Col. Yakup Şevki bey (Subaşı))

III Corps (Col. Şükrü Naili Bey (Gökberk))
-41st Division (Col. Alaaddin bey (Koval))
--12th IR (Lt. Col. Abdulbaki (Korukoğlu)) or Lt. Col. İhsan bey?
-- 16th IR (Lt. Col. Ömer Kirami (Tuz))
--19th IR (Lt. Col. Ömer Hulusi ((Erkonuk))
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Mustafa Muammer bey)
-61st Division (Lt. Col. Salih bey (Omurtak))
--159th IR (Lt. Col. Rüştü bey)
--174th IR (Lt. Col. Şevki bey (Savaşçı))
--190th IR (Lt. Col. İrfan bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Mustafa Kazım bey)
-1st Division (Col. Abdurrahman Nafiz bey (Gürman))
--3rd IR (Lt. Col. Salih bey (Avgın))
--4th IR (Lt. Col. Ali Cevat bey)
DRAFT 66
--5th IR (Lt. Hüseyin Hüsnü bey)

--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. İzzet bey)
-Provisional Cavalry Division (Col. Hacı Mehmet Arif bey (Örgüç))
--33rd CR (Major Edip bey)
--37th CR (Lt. Col. Tahsin bey)
--38th CR (Lt. Col. İhsan bey)
VI Corps (Brig Kazim Paşa (İnanç))
-16th Division (Col. Aşir bey (Atlı))
-- 43rd IR (Lt. Col. Mehmet Hayri bey)
--44th IR (Lt. Col. Mehmet Veysi (Gazioğlu))
--46th IR (Lt. Col. İsmail Hakki bey?)
--Artillery Regiment (Major Ali Nejdet bey (Tan))
-17th Division (Col. Hüseyin Nurettin bey (Özsu))
--47th IR (Giresunlu Osman Ağa?)
--62nd IR (Lt. Col. Hasan Faik bey (Alsaç))
--63rd IR (Lt. Col. Abdulgani bey)
--Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. M. Ata bey (Topçuoğlu))
-3rd Provisional Cavalry Division (Lt. Col. Halil İbrahim bey (Çolak))
--27th CR (Lt. Col. Cemal bey)
-- 28th CR (Major Hüsnü bey (Aykut))
Totals:3 Army Level HQs, 6 Corps, 5 Cavalry Divisions, 17 Divisions, 17 CR,54 IR

Sources: Jowett Phillip, Armies of the Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922, Osprey Publications
-İbrahim Artuç, Büyük Taaruz, Kastaş Yayınları
-Turk Istiklal Harbi’ne Katilan Alay ve Tugay Komutanlarinin Biyografileri Vol II (Turkish General
Staff Ankara 2010)
-Milliyet Newspaper 30 August 1972 Büyük Taarruz 50nci Yılı Özel Sayı
-https://www.turkishnews.com/tr/content/2013/08/27/buyuk-taarruzun-sanli-komutanlari/ and
http://ahmetsaltik.net/2013/08/26/17039/ (for 17th Div Artillery Regiment commander’s name)
Turkish Forces in July-August 1922 according to Greek Sources

Western Front (Ismet Inonu Pasha)
1st Field Army (General Nureddin Pasha)
-I Army Corps
--23rd,14th,57th Divisions
--Corps Artillery: three 120mm guns, sixteen 150mm Howitzers
-II Army Corps
--3rd Caucasus Division,4th,7th Divisions
--Corps Artillery:nine 120mm guns, sixteen 150mm howitzers
-IV Army Corps
--8th,5th,11th,12th Divisions
--Corps Artillery: four 120mm guns, fourteen 150mm howitzers
-V Cavalry Corps
--1st,2nd,14th,6th Cavalry Divisions
Total: 76500 armed men, 32500 unarmed
2nd Field Army (General Yakup Seyfi Pasha)
-II Army Corps
DRAFT 67
--41st,61st,1st Divisions and Porsuk Detachment (Infantry Regiment with Artillery)

-VI Army Corps
--16th,17th Divisions, Cavalry Division
-Kojaeli Group
--18th Division
Composition of Turkish Division August 1922: 3 IR (3 Battalions each), 1 Assault Battalion, one artillery
regiment (four batteries), one cavalry company, one engineer company?, one telegraph operator
detachment, one medical company, one bakers platoon. 7500 men on average, 4500 armed, rest
unarmed.
Table on page 368 of AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Minor 1919-1922”
Major Units Frontline Reserves

Infantry Battalions Cavalry Companies Infantry Battalions Cavalry Companies
I Army Corps
th
15 Division 10 1
rd
23 Division 10 1
th
14 Division 10 1
th
57 Division 10 1
II Army Corps
rd
3 Division 10 1
th
4 Division 10 1
th
7 Division 10 1
IV Army Corps
th
5 Division 10 1
DRAFT 68
th
8 Division 10 1
th
11 Division 10 1
th
12 Division 10 1
VI Army Corps
th
16 Division 10 1
th
17 Division 10 1
V Army Corps
st
1 Cavalry Division 16
nd
th
Field Army
th
6 Division 10 1
Special Cavalry 12
Division
rd
Total Turkish 110 83 30 3
Total Greek 37 18 46 0
Battles of August 1922 Turkish Offensive

Action at Ortanja
Action at Bilejik
4th Battle of Afyon Karahisar
Action at Egret
Battle of Hamurkoy-Ilbulak Dag
Action at Karagozeli
Battle of Aliveran/Alioren
Action Of Chorum Dag,
Action at Kapalkar
Actions at Takmak-Cheshmekoy
Action at Kapaka Dag
Battle of Salihli
Battle of Derekoy - Bin Tepe
Action at Bornova
Action at Vryoula
Action at Lestren Dag
See OOB Section

Actions of the Independent Division
Clash at Kovalinca
Action at Karakoy
Actions at Prusa,
Action of Kios/Gemlik
Action at Filadar Dag,
XI Division at Prusa-Mudanya Road,
XI Division Battle at Mudanya
Action at Bayram Tepe,
DRAFT 69
Action at Panormos, -Last Action in Asia Minor

See OOB Section
Turkish Army 1923

4 Field Armies,26 Divisions, 6 Regimental Depots, 6 Cavalry Divisions
Forces for possible use against Greece
1st Field Army

-III Corps
-IV Corps
-Kojaeli Group
-Cavalry Division
2nd Field Army
-II Corps
-VI Corps
1st and 5th Cavalry Corps (4 Divisions)
ORDERS OF BATTLE FOR SPECIFIC ACTIONS

Action at Pergamum 2/3 June 1919
Greek Forces Turkish Nationalist Forces
Greek Forces according to Greek Sources Turkish Forces according to Greek Sources
I/8th Cretan Regiment Battalion (Major, Syrmakezis) 1000 Irregulars, 4-6 machine guns, Omer Kemal commmander
- 2 and a half rifle companies Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-one unit of divisional cavalry (probably half-squadron) Minor 1919-1922”
-three machine gun platoons One Greek source mentions the name of Reshat Chaus as one
-two Pack(Mountain) Artillery Batteries of the Turkish leaders.
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Source: Avgiyiannis, Konstantinos. “Polemikes Monografies
Minor 1919-1922” Issue 11: Mikrasiatiki Ekstrateia 1919-1922” page 12
The Greek official history considers this the first victory by Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
Turkish Nationalist forces against the Greek Army 500 Irregulars and regulars
-One source mentions a Circassian Anti-Kemalist group Source: Hasan İzzettin Dinamo, 1986
DRAFT 70
assisting the Greeks. Leader name is Hamid Chaus Niyazi Group (from Soma region) Abdullah Group (from
Source: Avgiyiannis, Konstantinos. “Polemikes Monografies Kinik) Regular group from Balikesir 1 Pehlivan? Group
Issue 11: Mikrasiatiki Ekstrateia 1919-1922” page 12 Mehmet Ali Cavus Group (from Kasikci) Mulazim Nuri Group
(from Turanli) Huseyin Bey Group (from Turanli) Major
Greek Forces according to Turkish Sources Cemal Bey Group (from Ayvalik) Ekrem bey Group (from
800 infantry, 80 cavalry, 3machine guns, 2 guns Ayvalik) Cakici Rahmi Group (from Kozak)
Source: İlhan Tekeli, Selim İlkin: Ege'deki sivil direnişten
kurtuluş Uşak heyet-i merkeziyesi ve Ibrahim [Tahtakılıç] Bey,
Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1989,
Battle for Maraş 21 January-12 February 1920

French Forces Turkish Nationalist Forces
French Forces according to Turkish Sources Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
-4500-5000 man force (General Queratte) -Müdafa-I Milliye citizen forces (Aslan bey)
--1 French IR --1500-2000 citizen in the city
--4 Artillery Battery --500 militia around city in 5-6 groups
--2 Cavalry Squadron
--4 Armored Car Reinforcements:
--6 Nordenfelt MG --400 militia (on Jan 25th)
--2000 man Armenian volunteer force --2 Artillery pieces (Feb2nd)
--80 cavalry (Feb 2nd)
Reinforcements: under command of Col Normand (Feb 8th) --120 infantry (Feb 2nd)
--Reinforced IR --2MG companies (Feb 2nd)
--2 Squadrons of Cavalry --300 militia (between Feb 2-4th)
--4 field artillery piece
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi” p176-177, Türk
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi” p176-177, Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p97-106 ATESE 2009
İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p97,106 ATESE 2009
Battle for Urfa 7/8 February-11 April 1920

French Forces Turkish Nationalist Forces
French Forces according to Turkish Sources Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
-500 infantry (under a command of a major) -Kuva-I Milliye forces (Captain Ali Saip bey, later 24th IR
-12 MG commander Major Nuri bey)
-24 LMG --Badilli Aşireti (leader Sait)
-1 squadron of cavalry --Döğerli Aşireti (leader Bekir)
-500 man Armenian milita force --Şeyhanlı Aşierti (leader (Hacı Ömer)
--Baziki Aşireti (leader Bozan)
Reinforcement: --Borova Aşireti (leader unknown)
-1200 man Armenian and Assyrian milita force (by Feb15th) Siverek Aşirets (leaders Mehmet, Ramazan and Mehmet
Sakıp)
Totalling 3000 man
İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p117-127 ATESE 2009 Reinforcements:
-600 man militia force from Samsat (after Feb 14th)
DRAFT 71
-100 man militia force from Adıyaman (after Feb 14th)

-1000 man militia force of Hacı Bedir Ağa (after Feb 14th)
-800 man Aneze Aşiret militia (leader Hacim bey, by Feb 18-
20th)
-2 artillery pieces
-1 Infantry battalion+ 1 MG company + 1 artillery battery from
from 14th IR + 1st CR unofficially (by March)

İstiklal Harbi Vol IV p117-127 ATESE 2009
Battle of Uşak 29 August 1920

Greek Forces according to Turkish Sources Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
3 Infantry Divisions 23rd Division (Col. Izzettin bey)
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi” p229-230 127th IR
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi” p229-230
Battle of Sarıkamış 29 September 1920

Armenian Forces Turkish Nationalist Forces
Armenian Democratic Republic Forces according to Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
Turkish Sources XV. Corps
-12th Inf Div. (Lt.Col. Osman bey (Koptagel)) (has 3 Aşiret
--8 IR (4 battalions each) CR)
-2 Cavalry Regiment -9th Inf Div (Lt.Col. Halit bey)
- Guards Regiment (4 Guards Battalions) -11th Inf Div (5 infantry battalions, 4 artillery batteries, 5
-Artillery, Engineers, Comms units Aşiret CR deployed around Karakose-Bayazıt, attacked
-2 Air Groups 10 airplanes in total Kağızman)
-2 Militia Regiments and volunteer Group -2 battalions of 3rd Inf Div.
-5 battalions of 11th Inf Div.
Altogether it is equivalent of 3 Divisions 1 Azerbaycani CR (3 companies and a 1 battery)
Totals: 9 IR, 2 CR 1AR
1 operational aircraft
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi” p255-258 Totaling 20.000 man, 204MG, 427 sabers, 72 piece artillery
Battle of Kars 28 October-6 November 1920

Armenian Forces Turkish Nationalist Forces
Armenian Democratic Republic Forces according to Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
Turkish Sources -12th Inf Div. (Lt.Col. Osman bey (Koptagel)) (has 1 Aşiret
CR)
-Remaning forces from Battle of Sarikamış -9th Inf Div (Lt.Col. Halit bey)
-2 armored trains (at Mezraa) -Ad-Hoc Div. (Col Rüşdü bey) (28th IR, Aşiret Regiment 1
artiller battalion)
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi” p263 -11th Div (attacked up to Markara Bridgetill Oct24th.
Liberated Şahtahtı on Nov8th, liberated Iğdır on Nov 11th)

DRAFT 72
Battle of Han-Gediz, 14-15/24-28 October 1920

Greek forces according to Greek Sources Turkish forces according to Turkish Sources
XIII Division, Konstantinos Manettas (?)(at Gediz) -11th Division
-5 Battalions, First Line (of 2nd and 3rd IR) -61st Division
-1 Battalion, Reserve (2ND or 3rd IR) -1 depot regiment (190th?)
-Divisional Artillery (Pack Artillery Regiment (?)) -Ethem's force
-5/42 Evzone Regiment (3 Battalions) marching from -- 5000 man, 14 MG, 4 artillery pieces.
Elvanlar/Philadelphia to Ushak. Arrives 15 October -Emet (Bolscheviks) Battalion
-One Artillery Battery of II Division (Arrives 15 October) Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Turkish forces according to Greek sources
Minor 1919-1922” Turkish Group of Divisions, Ali Fuat Pasha
-61st Division (2000-2500 men)
-11th Division (2500 men)
-168th IR (800 men)
-Assault Battalion
-Ethem Bey Irregulars (1500 cavalrymen, 400 infantry)
-29 Machine Guns
-18 artillery pieces
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
1st Battle of Inonu (24-29 December 1920/6-11 January 1921)

In Greek Sources this operation was called the Strategic Reconnaissance and the Battles of Akpinar and Kovalicha
Greek Forces Turkish National Army
DRAFT 73
Army Cops C (advancing towards Eskishehir) Western Front HQ (Col.Ismet)
-VII Division (Col(Arty) Polychrones Karakalos - -Cavalry platoon
1st Detachment (one regiment) -24th Div (Lt. Col. Atif (Atesdagli) )
2nd Detachment (three regiments+ Divisional Cavalry half- --143 IR
squadron) --32nd IR (Major Mumtaz (Kaynak))
TOE Units --Artillery Regiment
--22nd IR -11st Division (Lt. Col. Arif (Ayici))
--23rd IR --126th IR
--37th IR --127th IR
Reinforced by --187th IR
--2/39 Evzone Regiment --70th IR(Lt. Col. Hafiz Halit (Uzel))
--X Division Joint Detachment (4 Battalion strong) --Artillery Regiment
-X Division (advancing towards Akdere Bridge) -4th Division (Col. Yucel)
--28th IR --58th IR
--Engineer Battalion Totals: 1 Corps or Corps Equivelant, 3 Divisions, 9 Infantry
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Regiments, 2 Artillery Regiments
Minor 1919-1922” Source: Staff Col.(ret.) Ass. Prof. Dr.Ismet Gorgulu " On
Yıllık Harbin Kadrosu"(Personal of 10 Years Long War)
Ankara 1993,
Greek Reconnaissance in Force-2nd Battle of Inonu
Battle of Avgin-Inonu-Kovalicha 14-19TH March 1921 (OC)27TH March-1st April 1921(NC)

Greek forces according to Greek Sources Turkish Forces According to Greek Sources
C Corps 11th Infantry Division

-III Division 3rd Cavalry Division
-VII Division (later)
-X Division 61st Division
-Cavalry Brigade 4th Division
-Two Heavy Artillery Battalions 24th Division
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia 1st Division
Minor 1919-1922”
57 Infantry Battalions+17 Infantry Battalions
8 Cavalry Regiments+ 4 Cavalry Regiments
56 Artillery Pieces (9 heavy)+34 Artillery Pieces (24 heavy)
Minor 1919-1922”
1ST Battle of Afyon-Karahisar 13-15th March 1921 (OC)26th- 2th 8 March 1921(NC)
DRAFT 74
Greek forces according to Greek Sources Turkish Forces according to Greek Sources
23rd Division
A Corps 8th Division
-II Division 57th Division
-XIII Division (minus 3rd IR at Ushak) 41st Division(two regiments of 6 battalion total or 2000 men)
-Howitzer Artillery Battalion 2nd Cavalry Division
-Field Artillery Battalion Total:39 Battalions of 12727 men, 1409 Cavlary, 49 guns
Total force engaged : 11 battalions, 52 Artillery Pieces (20 Later
field guns)-5000 men and 240 Cavalry Model Infantry Regiment
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Model Cavalry Regiment
Minor 1919-1922” 20 Heavy Guns

Minor 1919-1922”
1st Battle of Dumlupinar(Asilhanar) 26-28 March 1921 (OC) 7-9April 1921 (NC)
Greek forces according to Greek Sources Turkish Forces according to Greek Sources
A Corps 4th Division

11th Division
-II Division 8th Division
-XIII Division 5th Division
--3rd IR at Ushak 57th Division
-33rd IR (from V Division) 41st Division
-Howitzer Artillery Battalion 1st Cavalry Division
-Field Artillery Battalion 2nd Cavalry Division
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia 24th Division
Minor 1919-1922” 23rd Division
Minor 1919-1922”
Battles of Eskishehir-Kutahya-Afyon Karahisar Operations

In Turkish sources the Operations are known as Kütahya- Nasuhçal-Eskişehir or the Greek Attack
Greek Forces Turkish Forces
Greek forces according to Greek Sources Turkish forces according to Greek Sources
Greek-Army Corps C Turkish-5th Division Group (newly created)
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia -14th ID (at Agirozen)
Minor 1919-1922” -15th ID (at Dukakoy/Dogankoy)
-National Assembly Guard Battalion

Minor 1919-1922”
Turkish Counter-offensive at Afyon-Karahisar 1st -2nd July 1921(OC)-2nd Battle of Afyon-Karahisar

DRAFT 75
Southern Group of Divisions 4th Division, 3rd Caucasus Division, 2nd Cavalry Division, 4th
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Cavalry Brigade
Minor 1919-1922” Forces engaged: 1 Infantry Regiment, 2 Cavalry Regiments

Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Karabuyu Dag-Ruklu Dag 30th June-1st July 1921(OC)

Army Corps A
I Division organized as follows Forces from 7th and 57th ID
-combat group: 5th Infantry Regiment, Divisional Artillery Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-comba group: 4th Infantry Regiment, 1/38 Evzone Regiment Minor 1919-1922”
II Divison

Minor 1919-1922”

XIII Division 2ND Cavalry Division, one Infantry Regiment
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Chavush Chiftlik/Hill 1799 2-3July 1921 (OC)/15-16 July 1921 (NC)
In Turkish Sources this is known as the Battle of Nasuchal-Yurmuchal

Army Corps A XII Group of Divisions
-I Division -8th Div
--4 IR -57h Div
--5 IR -Cavalry Brigade
--1/38 Evzone IV Groupd of Divisions
-II Division-limited action on 2/15, more action on 3/16 -5th Div
-XII Division-limited action on 3/16 -23rd Div
Army Corps B -4th Div
--V Division -7th Div
--33 IR -3rd Div (Caucasus?)
--43 IR Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”
--44 IR Turkish forces according to Greek Sources
-XIII Division-passive participant on 2/15 limited action 3/16 IV and XII Groups of Divisions
--Heavy Artillery Regiment 7 Division
Cavalry Brigade 23 Division
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia 4 Division
Minor 1919-1922” 5 Caucasus Division (5 battalions and divisional artillery)
25 Division
8 Division
24 Division (2 Battalions)
3 Caucasus Division
2 Cavalry Division
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 76

On July 5th On July 5th
XIII Division Joint Detachment XII Group of Divisions
-3rd Infantry Regiment -8th Division
-14th Infantry Regiment -57th Division
-Cavalry Brigade -11th Division
On 7th July
Army Corps B On 7th July
-XIII Division XII Group of Divisions
-V Division -8th Division
-57th Division
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia -11th Division
Minor 1919-1922”
V Group of Divisions

Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 77
Battle of Eskishehir 8th July 1921(OC)/21 July 1921(NC)

Army Corps C I Group of Divisions

-VII Division -1st Infantry Division
-X Division -1st Cavalry Division
-IX Division III Group of Divisions
Army Corps A -15th Infantry Division
-I Division -41st Infantry Division
-II Division -24th Infantry Division
-Cavalry Brigade IV Group of Divisions
Army Corps B -23rd Infantry Division
-V Division -4th Infantry Division
-XIII Division -61st Infantry Division
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia XII Groups of Divisions
Minor 1919-1922” -11th Infantry Division
-8th Infantry Division?
-11th Infantry Division?
-57th Infantry Division ?
-2nd Cavalry Division?
-4th Cavalry Brigade?
Reserve
Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”
Turkish forces according to Greek Sources
-23rd Infantry Division
-5th Caucasus Infantry Division
Reserve

Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 78
Battle of Sangarius/Battle of Sakarya
Action at Amorium 3rd August 1921 (OC)

IX Division 2000 Cavalry men, three artillery guns
-2 Battalions Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-Divisional Artillery Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
2nd Action at Amorium 7th August 1921 (OC)

Joint Detachment of IX Division (Lt.Colonel(INF) Alexandros Muretep Division
Edipides) Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-3/40th Evzone IR Minor 1919-1922”
-26THIR (two of three battalions)
-IXb Pack Artillery Battalion
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of MangaL Dag 10th August 1921(OC)/23 August 1921 (NC)

Greek forces according to Greek Sources Turkish forces according to Greek and Turkish Sources
Army Corps A II Group of Divisions
-I Division -5th Infantry Division
--4th Infantry Regiment Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
--5th Infantry Regiment Minor 1919-1922”
--I/A Field Artillery Battalion Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”
--Skoda Battery
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Tamburoglu 11-14th August 1921(OC)/23 August 1921 (NC)

Army Corps A -23rd Division
-All Divisions (I,II,XII) -24th Division
-Heavy Artillery Regiment -2nd Cavlary Division
-Skoda Batteries -3rd Cavalry Division
-II/A Field Artillery Battalion II Group of Divisions
Army Corps B -5th Division
-XIII Division -9th Division
--3rd Infantry Regiment -3rd Caucasus Division
-5/42 Evzone Regiment Supported by 4th Division of I Group
Minor 1919-1922” --plus two Infantry Regiments and an Assault Battalion
-15th Division
-8th Division
Supported by 57th Division

Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 79
Battle of Sapanja 11th-16th August 1921(OC)

Army Corps C (X and III Divisions) III Group of Divisions

-III/C Field Artillery Battalion -8th Division
-5th Caucasus Division (minus a regiment)
-61st Division (minus a regiment)
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia XII Group of Divisions
Minor 1919-1922” -11th Divisions (plus two regiments seconded from 5th
Caucasus and 61st)
Reinforcements
-4 Infantry Battalions
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Kale Gozu 13th-18th August 1921(OC)

Army Corps B (XIII,V,IX Division) I Group of Divisions
-Cavalry Brigade -24th Division
-Field Artillery Battalion -23rd Division
-Skoda Battery -4th Division
Minor 1919-1922” -National Assembly Guard Battalion
V Groups of Divisions
II Group of Division
-9th Division
Reinforcements
-7th Division
-11th Division
-41st Division
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Polatli 10th-18th August 1921 (OC)

VII Division New Army Corps
-reinforced with 16th Infantry Regiment -41st Division (initial)
-Field Artillery Battalion -1st Division (to end of operations)
-Heavy Artillery Battalion -17th Division (to end of operations, assigned to XII Group on
12th August (OC), back to Corps on 14th August(OC))
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia XII Group of Divisions (withdrawn on 14th August (OC))
Minor 1919-1922” -11th Division
-two battalions of 23rd Division
Reinforcements (on 14th August (OC))
-49TH Infantry Regiment
-Cavalry Regiment
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 80
Battle of Chal Dag-Ardiz Dag 15th-20th August 1921 (OC)

Army Corps A (I,II,XII Divisions) III Group of Divisions
Army Corps C (X,III) -8th Division
-I/C Field Artillery Battalion -15th Division
-III/C Filed Artillery Battalion -57th Division
-one regiment of 23rd Division
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia -3rd Caucasus Division
Minor 1919-1922” IV Group of Divisions
-61st Division
XII Groups of Divisions
-24th Division
-11th Division
1st Division
Minor 1919-1922”

-8th Division
-61st Division
-24th Division
-11th Division
-23rd Division
-15th Division
--1st Division
-8th Division (?)
-57th Division?
-3rd Divisions
-9th Division
Action of Sadikli 24th August1921 (OC)

Southern Group of Divisions 6th Division
-IV Division Detachment -four battalions
--three Battalions -one Cavalry Regiment(Dismounted)
--pack artillery battery -four machine guns
-49th Regiment Detachment -two guns
--two Battalions
-pack artillery battery Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 81
Battle of Karajakaya 22nd-23rd August1921 (OC)

In the Greek Historiography these are called Battles to Widen the Bridgehead

Army Corps C(X,IX Divisions) Turkish IV Group of Divisions (61st, 5th Caucasian Divisions)
VII Division Newly Formed Army Corps (17th,1st Divisions)
--22nd IR
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Yamak, 28 August 1921 (OC)

In Greek Historiography this is called the Attack on Army Corps A

Army Corps A(I,II Divisions) I Group of Divisions (5th,7th Divisions)
Army Corps B II Group of Divisions (9th,3rd Caucasus Division)
-V Division III Group of Divisions (41st,,8th Division)
--33rd Regiment XII Group of Divisions (11th Division)
--III/43rd Battalion
In Reserve Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
XII Division Minor 1919-1922”
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
Minor 1919-1922” I Group of Divisions (5th,4th,7th Divisions)
II Group of Divisions (3rd Caucasus Division)
III Group of Divisions (41st, 8th Division)
XII Group (11th Division)
Battle of Dua Tepe 28th-29th August 1921 (OC)

In Greek Historiography this is called the Attack on Army Corps C

Army Corps C (VII, III, IX, Χ Divisions) Newly Formed Army Corps (1st,15th,23rd Division, 1st
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Cavalry Division)
Minor 1919-1922” IV Group of Divisions (17th,61st,25th Divisions, 5th
Caucasus Division)
V Group of Divisions (57th Division)
Minor 1919-1922”
Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources

IV Group of Divisions (61st,24th, 5th Caucasus)
MP (57thy, 17th,4th,15th,1st,23rd Divisions)
DRAFT 82
Battle of Kartal Tepe 30th August 1921 (OC)

This battle is not given a designation by the Greek Army

VII Division Newly Formed Army Corps (1st,15th,17th 23rd Divisions)
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources

I Group of Divisions (23rd,57th Divisions)
Action at Sivrihisar, 3rd September 1921 (OC)/16th September 1921 (NC)

I Division Muretep Cavalry Division
-5th Regiment
-1/38 Evzone Regiment Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle Porsuk River of 2-3rd September 1921 (OC)/15-16th September 1921 (NC)
Both the Greek and Turkish Histories do not grace these Turkish offensive operations with specific names

Army Corps C 23rd Division
-X Division 1st Cavlary Division
-III Division 57th Division
Army Corps B 5th Division
-V Division Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
XII Division Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Seyitgazi 8th Septermber 1921 (OC)

No name is give to this action in historiography

Independent Division 8th Division
-53rd IR Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-51st IR Minor 1919-1922”
-2 companies Seyitgazi Military Command
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 83
3rd Battle of Afyon Karahisar 17th-25th September 1921 (OC)/7th-9th October 1921 (NC)
Both Turkish and Greek Historiography call this the Battle of Afyon Karahisar. However it is the third battle to be fought in the
region to the day.

Army Corps A 2nd Crops (4th,7th Divisions, 3rd Caucasus Division)
-I Division 5th Corps (Muretep Cavalry Division, 8th Division)
-II Division Independent
-XII Division -6th Division
--41st IR
-IV Division (ex-Southern Group of Divisions) Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Army Corps B Minor 1919-1922”
-V Division
-XIII Division (mistaken in Turkish sources for IX) Turkish Forces according to Turkish Sources
Totals: 2 Corps, 5 Divisions 2nd Corps (2nd, 3rd Cavalary Divisions, 4th,7th Divisions)
5th Corps (3rd,8th Divisions, 14th Cavalry Division)
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia Adana Mustafiz
Minor 1919-1922” 6th Division
Great Turkish Attack of August 1922
Action at Ortanja 6th August 1922 (OC)

II Division but local onsite forces not detailed 800 Cavalry
600 Infantry
Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia 100 Irregulars
Minor 1919-1922” Four guns

Minor 1919-1922
Action at Bilejik 11th August 1922 (OC)

Local units of Army Corps C , onsite forces not detailed 2 Infantry Battalions supported with artillery
Minor 1919-1922” Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922
DRAFT 84
4th Battle of Afyonkarahisar 13th-14th August 1922(OC)/26th-27th August 1922(NC)

Greek Historiography calls it the Breach of the Front. Turkish the Battle of Afyon Plain or Tina Tepe Battle

Army Corps A First Army
-I Division -I Army Corps
-IV Division -IV Army Corps
-XII Division -V Army Corps
VII Division Detachment Second Army
-23rd Infantry Regiment, 2 other infantry battalions One Pack -III Army Corps
Artillery Battalion) --61st Division
XIII Division Detachment (Plastiras) Reserve
-5/42 Evzone Regiment, pack artillery battery II Army Corps
Army Corps B
-V Division Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-XIII Division Minor 1919-1922”
--one battalion Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”
Reinforcements
Rest of VII Division
Elements off IX Division (26th IR)
Elements of Cavalry Division

Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Egret 15 (OC)/28(NC) August 1922

Group A 2nd Cavalry Division
-Non Divisional Units of Army Corps A and Field Army
-XII Division Battalion
-Reserve Officers School of Afyon-Karahisar
Group B
-IX Division
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 85
Battle of Hamurkoy-Ilbulak Dag, 16(OC)/29 (NC) August 1922

Trikoupes Groups IV Army Corps
At Hamurkoy At Hamurkoy
IX Division 14 Cavalry Division
-4 battalions of infantry 3rd Infantry Division
-four pack artillery battalions 11th Infantry Division
-two field artillery battalions 12th Infantry Division
-one 105mm Skoda Artillery battalion
Later One Regiment of 7th Division of II Army Corps
-26th Infantry Regiment 23 Infantry Division of I Army Corps
XIII Division
-2 battalions At Ilbulak
At Ilbulak 2nd Cavalry Division
XII Division 5th Division
V Division after start of battle
XIII Division
-2nd Infantry Regiment (two battalions)
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922” Turkish forces according to Turkish Sources
At Hamurkoy
5th Corp
-2nd Division
-14th Division
4th Corp
-23rd Division
-3rd Division
At Ilbulak
4th Corp
Action at Karagozeli, 16(OC)/29 (NC) August 1922

Frangou Group 14th Division
-1/38 Evzone Rgiment
-Lelos Detachement (one battalion of 34th IR and one artillery Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
battery) Minor 1919-1922”
-4th IR Source: Fahri Belen “Turk Kurtulush Savashi”

Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 86
Battle of Aliveran/Alioren 17(OC)/30th(NC) August 1922

Trikoupes Group V Cavalry Corps
IV Division 14th Cavalry Division
IX Division
XII Division IV Corps
XIII Division 11th Division
Remnants of V Division (about 1700 men organized in two 5th Division
battalions) 3rd Division
23rd Division
Units in good condition
14th IR of XII Division VI Corps
26th Regiment of IX Division 16th Division
XIII Division 61st Division
Strangth Report gave 7000 men in organized situation, 180 17th Division
Cavalrymen, 116 Artillery Pieces. 10000-15000 men
disorganized. Entire Turkish Artillery
(16 Infantry Battalions/10 Pack Batteries, three Field Batteries) (60 Battalions, 16 companies, 23 batteries)
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”

4th Corps
-23rd Divsion
-5th Division
-3rd Division
-11th Division
6th Corps
-16th Divsion
-17th Divsion
3rd Corps
-6h Division
Action Of Chorum Dag, 17th(OC)/30TH(NC) August 1922

IV Division 1st Army Corps

-4 Battalions -14th Division
VII Division -57th Division
-1 Regiment -6th Division
I/38 Evzone Regiment
-2 Companies Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 87
Action at Kapalkar, 18th (OC) August/31st August or 1st September 1922 (NC)
Unkown (Turkish Column)-Probably elements of V Calvary
Plasteras Temporary Command Corps
-4th Infantry Regiment Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-two battalions from VII Division Minor 1919-1922”

Minor 1919-1922”
Actions at Takmak-Cheshmekoy 21 August (OC)-3rd September (NC) 1922

VII Division Unknown: Infantry supported by artillery
-One Regiment Later
-Plasteras Detachment Unknown: Division Strong Column
-Divisional Cavalry Unit Probably 1st Cavalry Division of V Cavalry Army Corps
Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Kapaka Dag 22 August(OC)-4th September (NC) 1922

Louphas Detachment 2nd Cavlary Division

-4 Battalions
-Artillery support Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Salihli 23rd(OC) August – 5th September (NC) 1922

Cavalry Division V Cavalry Corps

-1st Cavalry Regiment -1st Cavalry Division
-2nd Cavalry Regiment -14th Cavalry Division
-3rd Cavalry Regiment
XII Division Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
-5/42 Evzone Regiment Minor 1919-1922”
--2 Battalions
-3rd Field Engineers Battalion

Minor 1919-1922”
Battle of Derekoy - Bin Tepe 23rd-24thAugust(OC) – 5th-6th September (NC) 1922

Louphas Detachment V Cavalry Corps

-4 Battalions -2nd Cavalry Division (At Derekoy and at Bin Tepe)
7th Infantry Regiment of II Division (at Derekoy) -1st and 14th Cavalry Divisions (At Bin Tepe only)
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 88
Action at Bornova, 26th August (OC)-8th September (NC) 1922

23rd Infantry Regiment of VII Division V Cavalry Corps

-1st and 2nd Cavalry Divisions
Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Vryoula , 30th August (OC)-12 September (NC) 1922

3rd Cavalry Regiment 300 Cavalry of 1st Cavalry Division
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Lestren Dag 30-31st August and 1st September (OC)-12th-14th September (NC) 1922
Maroules Detachment 2nd Cavalry Division

-1200 men of 1st IR 57th Cavalry Division
-two pack batteries
Plasteras Detachment (on 1st/14th Sept) Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 89

Actions of the Independent Division 18th-30th August (OC)-31st Augsut-12th September (NC) 1922
Independent Division Cavalry Division, Infantry Sections, Various Irregular’s
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
Clash at Kovalinca 21st August (OC)/3rd September (NC) 1922

X Division Unknown, but strong
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Karakoy, 22nd August (OC)/4th September (NC) 1922

Zeras Detachment (Colonel-inf-Georgios Zeras) 1500 Men supported by artillery

-two infantry battalions of 16th IR
-Artillery Platoon Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
Actions at Prusa, 24th-25th August (OC)/6th-7TH September 1922

45 IR of XI Division Unknown
2/39 Evzone Regiment of III Division Regimental Strength and 12 Artillery Pieces
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
Action of Kios/Gemlik 28th August (OC) /10th September (NC) 1922

55th IR 4000 İnfantry and artillery

Pack Battery
Battalion of 16th IR Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 90
Action at Filadar Dag, 29th August (OC)/11th September (NC) 1922

XI Division Division strength column

Zeras Detachement
Minor 1919-1922”
XI Division at Prusa-Mudanya Road, 29th-30th August (OC)/11th-12th September (NC) 1922

45th IR 1000-12000 Cvalry and two artillery pieces

17th IR Cavlary Division
Zeras Detachment 18th Infantry Division
1st Infantry Division
Minor 1919-1922”
XI Division Battle at Mudanya 30th August (OC)/12th September (NC) 1922

XI Division 1st Infantry Division (one regiment, 4 guns)

-17th IR 18th Infantry Division (2000 men, 4 guns)
-45TH IR Stormtrooper Battalion (1000, 2 guns)
-Field Artillery
-Pack Artillery Source: AHD “A concise history of the campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922”
Minor 1919-1922”
Action at Bayram Tepe, 3rd September (OC)/16th September (NC) 1922

27th Infantry Regiment Infantry Company

III and X Division artillery Cavalry Company
“Velos” and “Aetos” support fire 4 Machine Guns
Field Artillery Platoon
Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 91
Action at Panormos, 4th September (OC)/17th September (NC) 1922-Last Action in Asia Minor
30th IR 3000 men Cavalry and Infantry

12th IR Two pack batteries
Skoda battery
Minor 1919-1922” Minor 1919-1922”
DRAFT 92
List of Greek-Turkish Battles 1919-1922

Greek and Turkish Names,-Suggested International Names
Greek Name Turkish Name Date OS Date NS Suggested International Name
Grey Rows bound operations with multiple battles.
Action at Bergama 2/3June 1919 14/15 June Action at Bergama
Pergamum 1919
Battle of Han- Battel of Han- 14-15 October 24-28 October Battle of Han-Gediz
Gediz Gediz 1920 1920
Battle of Battle of 1st 24-29 Dec 6-11 Jan 1921 1st Battle of Inonu
Akpinar- Inonu 1920
Kovalicha
March Battle of 2nd 14th-28th 26th-28th Offensive Reconnaissance of Spring
Reconnaissance Inonu March 1921 March 1921 1921
Operation
Battle of Avgin- Battle of 2nd 14-19 March 27 Match-1st 2nd Battle of Inonu
Kovalicha Inonu 1921 April 1921
Battle of Afyon- Battle of 2nd 13-15 March 26-28 March 1st Battle of Afyon-Karahisar
Karahisar Inonu 1921 1921
Battle of Battle of 26-28 March 7-9April 1921 1st Battle of Dumlupinar
Dumlupinar Asilhanar 1921
Action at 10th June 1921 23rd June 30, Action at Yenikoy

Yenikoy 1921
Eskishehir- Kütahya- 27th June-10th July 8th-21th Eskishehir-Kutahya Operation
Afyon Karahisar- Nasuhçal- July 1921 1921
Kutahya Eskişehir
Operation
Battle of Arsanli- 2-3rd July Battle of Kutahya
Dogankoy 1921
(Kutahya)
Turkish Counter- 1st -2nd July 2nd Battle of Afyon-Karahisar
offensive at 1921
Afyon-Karahisar
Battle of 30th June-1st Battle of Karabuyu Dag-Ruklu Dag
Karabuyu Dag- July 1921
Ruklu Dag
Action at 30th June 1921 Action at Altintash
Altintash
Battle of Battle of 2-3July 1921 15-16 July Battle of Cavush Chiftlik
Chavush Nasuchal- 1921
Chiftlik/Hill Yurmuchal
1799
Battles of 1st and 5,7th July 1921 Battle of Uchsaray/Cham Tepe
2nd Uchasaray
Battle of Battle of 8th July 1921 21 July 1921 Battle of Eskishehir
Eskishehir Eskishehir
Battle of Battle of 1st August-21st 14th August-4h Sakarya Operation
Sangarius Sakarya August 1921 September
1921
Action at 3rd August Action at Amorium
Amorium 1921
2nd Action at 7th August 2nd Action at Amorium
Amorium 1921
Battle of Mangal Battle of Mangal 10th August 23rd August Battle of Mangal Dag
DRAFT 93
Dag Dagi 1921 1921

Battle of 11-14th Battle of Tamburoglu
Tamburoglu August 1921
Battle of Sapanja 11th-16th Battle of Sapanja
August 1921
Battle of Kale 13th-18th Battle of Kale Gozu
Gozu August 1921
Offensive toward 10th-18th Battle of Polatli
Polatli August 1921
Battle of Chal 15th-20th Battle of Chal Dag-Ardiz Dag
Dag-Ardiz Dag August 1921
Action of 24th Action at Sadikli
Sadikli August1921
Efforts to Widen 22nd-23rd Battle of Karajakaya
the Beachhead August1921
Attack on Army 28 August Battle of Yamak
Corps A 1921
Attack on Army 28th-29th Battle of Dua Tepe
Corps C August 1921
Turkish 30th August Battle of Kartal Tepe
Offensive 1921
Turkish 3rd September 16th Action at Sivrihisar
Offensive 1921 September
1921
Turkish 2-3rd 15-16th Battle of Porsuk River
Offensive September September
1921 1921
Clash of 8th September Action at Seyitgazi
Independent 1921
Division with 8th
Division
Battle of Afyon Battle of 17th-25th 7th-9th 3rd Battle of Afyon Karahisar

Karahisar Afyonkarahisar September October 1921
1921
Turkish Great Turkish Summer 1922 Turkish Offensive
Offensive Offensive
6th August 19th August Action at Ortanja
1922 1922
11th August 24th August Action at Bilejik
1922 1922
Breach of the Battle of Afyon 13th-14th 26th- 27th 4th Battle of Afyon Karahisar
Defensive Line Plain or Tinaz August 1922 August 1922
Tepe Battle
Action at Egret 15th August 28th August Action at Egret
1922 1922
Battle of 16th August 29th August Battle of Hamurkoy-Ilbulak Dag
Hamurkoy- 1922 1922
Ilbulak Dag
Action at 16th August 29th August Action at Karagozeli
Karagozeli 1922 1922
Battle of Battle of Alioren 17th August 30th August Battle of Aliveran
Aliveran/Alioren 1922 1922
Action Of 17th August 30th August Action Of Chorum Dag,
Chorum Dag, 1922 1922
DRAFT 94
Action at 18th August 31st August Action at Kapalkar

Kapalkar 1922 1922
Actions at 21st August 3rd September Actions at Takmak-Cheshmekoy
Takmak- 1922 1922
Cheshmekoy
Action at Kapaka 22nd August 4th September Action at Kapaka Dag
Dag 1922 1922
Battle of Salihli 23rd August 5th September Battle of Salihli

1922 1922
Battle of 23rd-24th 5th-6th Battle of Derekoy - Bin Tepe
Derekoy - Bin August 1922 September
Tepe 1922
Action at 26th August 8th September Action at Bornova
Bornova 1922 1922
Action at 30th August 12th September Action at Vryoula
Vryoula 1922 1922
Action at Lestren 30th-31st 12th-14th Action at Lestren Dag
Dag August 1922 September
and 1st 1922
September
1922
Battles of the Retreat of Army Corps C
and other Units
Actions of the 18th-30th 31st Augsut- Actions of the Independent Division
Independent August 1922 12th
Division September
1922
Clash at 21st August 3rd September Clash at Kovalinca
Kovalinca 1922 1922
Action at 22nd August 4th September Action at Karakoy
Karakoy 1922 1922
Actions at Prusa, 24th-25th 6th-7TH Actions at Prusa,
August 1922 September
1922
Action of 28th August 10th Action of Kios/Gemlik
Kios/Gemlik 1922 September
1922
Action at Filadar 29th August 11th Action at Filadar Dag,
Dag, 1922 September
1922
XI Division at 29th-30th 11th-12th Action of Prusa-Mudanya Road
Prusa-Mudanya August 1922 September
Road, 1922
XI Division 30th August 12th Battle of Mudanya
Battle at 1922 September
Mudanya 1922
Action at 3rd September 16th Action at Bayram Tepe,
Bayram Tepe, 1922 September
1922
Action at 4th September 17th Action at Panormos
Panormos,-Last 1922 September
Action 1922
DRAFT 95
List of Southern Front Battles

Maras Area
Turkish Name Date NS Suggested International Name
Eloğlu(Türkoğlu) 5-7 January 1920 Action at Eloglu-Maras
Çarpışmaları (Maraş
bölgesi)
Araplar Çarpışması 13 January 1920 Action at Araplar
Harabe Çarpışması 19 January 1920 Action at Harabe
Bertiz Kuva-I Milliyesinin 20? January 1920 Action at of Kahramanmaraş

Baskını
Maraş Şehri Milli 21 January-11 February Siege of Maras
Mücadelesi 1920
Zeytin Olayları 5 March 1920 Action at Zeytin
Şar Olayı 2-3 July 1920 Action at Sar
Urfa Area
Urfa Şehri Milli Mücadelesi 9 February-11 April 1920 Siege of Urfa City
Nur Daglari Area

Hamamköy Baskını 8 February 1920 Actionat Hamamkoy
Meydanıekbez Çarpışması 6 March 1920 Action at Meydaniekbez
Erzin’in Geri Alınması 28 May 1920 Action of Erzin
Antep Area
Arappınarı-Sarımağara 13April-5 June 1920 Action of Arappinari-Sarimagara
Muharebeleri
Akçakoyunlu Muharebeleri 12 July-4 August 1920 Battle of Akcakoyunlu
Kilis-Antep Yolunda 18-23 February 1920 Action of Kilis-Antep Road

Yapılan Muharebeler
Mağarabaşı(Antep) 26 April 1920 Action at Magarabasi (Antep)
Muharebesi
Antep’i Çeviren Fransız 28-29 April 1920 Battle to relieve Antep
Kuvvetlerine Yapılan Türk
Taarruzu
DRAFT 96
Kurbanbaba Tepesi 3 May 1920 Battle of Kurbanbaba Hill

Muharebesi
Akbaba Muharebesi 22 May 1920 Battle of Akbaba
Hacıkırı ve Belemedik April-May 1920 Action of Hacikiri-Belemedik

Çarpışmaları
Pozantı Bölgesi Hareketleri 1 April-27 May 1920 Actions of Pozanti
Birinci Kavaklıhan 12 April 1920 First Battle of Kavaklihan

Muharebesi
İkinci Kavaklıhan 19-21 May 1920 Second Battle of Kavaklihan
Muharebesi
Hacıtalip Çiftliği Baskını 25 May 1920 Action of Hacitalip Farm
Pozantı’daki Fransız 27 May 1920 Surrender of French Battalion at Pozanti

Taburunun Esir Edilmesi
Fransızların Adana Civarı 2-4 July 1920 French Attacks Around Adana Entrencments
Mevzilere Taarruzu
Misis Baskını 5-6 July 1920 Ambush at Misis
Tarsus Bağları Taarruzu 15-19 July 1920 Assault on Tarsus Vineyards
Fransızların Tarsus 27-29 July 1920 French Attacks to Lift Turkish Siege of Tarsus
Kuşatmasını Yarma
Harekatı
Kurtepe ve Çakıt Bölgesi 20-23 November 1920 French Assaults around Kurttepe and Cakit
Fransız Taarruzları
Haçin(Saimbeyli) Harekatı 5-15 March 1920 Actions around Haçin
Haçin’e Taarruz 15-16 October 1920 Assault on Haçin
Birinci Mercin Muharebesi 18 August 1920 First Battle of Mercin
İkinci Mercin Muharebesi 28 August 1920 Second Battle of Mercin
Kovanbaşı Çarpışması 10-13 October 1920 Battle of Kovanbasi
Kanlıgeçit Dolaylarındaki 1-10 November 1920 Actions around Kanligecit Pass

Muharebeler
Mamure Baskını 15 November 1920 Ambush at Mamure
Mütarekeden Sonraki İlk 29 July 1920 First Assault on Antep after armisticle’s end
Türk Taarruzu
Nafak Boğazı Çarpışmaları 9 August 1920 Action Around Nafak Boğazı Pass
Türk Taarruzu ve Antep 19 August 1920 Turkish Attack and Lifting of Antep Siege
Kuşatmasının Kırılması
Fransız Karşı Taarruzu 21 August 1920 French Counter Attack at Antep
Çınarlıcami Çarpışması 10 September 1920 Clash at Cinarlicami (Antep)

DRAFT 97
İkinci Nafak Boğazı 20 September 1920 Second Battle of Nafak Bogazi

Muharebesi
Akçakoyunlu Muharebesi 16 November 1920 Battle of Akcakoyunlu
Antep Yöresinden Fransız 24-26 November 1920 French Attacks around Antep
Taarruzları
Fransızların 9ncu Tümene 1 December 1920 French Attacks on 9th Division
Taarruzları
Fransızların 5 ve 9ncu 19-23 December 1929 French Attacks on 5th and 9th Divisions
Tümene Taarruzları
Antep Kuşatmasına Karşı 27 December 1920 Turkish Attack to Lift Antep Siege
Türk Taarruzu
İkizkuyu Çarpışması 18 January 1921 Battle of Ikizkuyu
Antep Kuşatmasına 2nci 25 January 1921 Turkish 2nd Corps Attack against Antep Siege
Kolordunun Taarruzu
30-31 Ocak Gecesi Türk 30-31 January 1921 Turkish Night Attack on Antep
Taarruzu
Huruç ve Antep’in Düşmesi 8 February 1921 Sally Out and Fall of Antep
Derbent Muharebesi 31 August 1922 Battles of Derbent
İngilizlerin Revandiz 8-23 April 1923 British Revandiz Offensive

Taarruzu
DRAFT 98
List of Eastern Front Battles

Kağızman Dolayları Ermeni 7-8 November 1919 Armenian Attacks around Kagizman
Saldırıları
Kargın(Karbın) Köyü 6 February 1920 Action at Kargin Village
Çarpışması
Çıldır, Zaruşat (Arpaçayı) Mid February 1920 Armenian Attack around Cildir, Zarusat (Arpacayi)
Dolayları Ermeni Saldırısı
Taşburun (Cenetabat) 25-26 March 1920 Turkish Attack on Tasburun (Cenetabat)
Saldırısı
Vedi Muharebeleri 27 March-3 April 1920 Battles of Vedi
Zenzibar Bölgesine Ermeni 17 May 1920 & 19-20 Armenian Attacks around Zenzibar Area
Taarruzu June 1920
Merdenek’de Ermeni 19 June 1920 Armeniana Attack at Merdenek
Taarruzu
Bardız Baskını 18-19 June 1920 Ambush at Bardız
Verisan ve Paldum Gediği 20 June 1920 Clash at Verisan and Paldum Gediği Pass
Çarpışması
Ermenilerin İki Kanattan 20 June 1920 Double Flank Attack on Oltu Müfrezesi (Oltu
Oltu Müfrezesine Taarruzu Battle Group)
Nahçivan Kuzey Bölgesinde 30 June-1 July 1920 Armenian Attacks around North of Nahcivan
Çarpışma
Bardız Cephesinde Ermeni 2 July 1920 Armenian Attack on Bardız Front
Taarruzu
Vedi Bölgesi Taarruzu 11-12 July 1920 Armenian Attack around Vedi
Dehne Boğazı Muharebesi 14 July 1920 Battle of Dehne Bogazi Pass
Şahtahtı Muharebesi 23-24 July 1920 Battle of Sahtahti
Ermeni Baskut (İsmail) 25 August 1920 Armenian Assault on Baskut (Ismail) Mountain
Dağı Taarruzu
9ncuKafkas Tümeninin 12-13 September 1920 Counter Attack of 9th Caucasian Division at Oltu
Oltu’da Karşı Taarruzu
Ermenilerin Bardız’da 9ncu 24 September 1920 Armenian Ambush on 9th Caucasian Division at
Kafkas Tümenine Baskını Bardiz
Sarıkamış Harekatı 27-28 September 1920 Operation on Sarikamis
Bayburt Deresi Taarruzu 1 October 1920 Attack of Bayburt Deresi (Creek)
Ermenilerin Merdenek 6-7-8 October 1920 Armenian Attack on Merdenek Mufrezesi (Battle
Müfrezesine Taarruzu Group)
DRAFT 99
Yalnızçam ve Oluklu 8 October 1920 12nd Division Attack around Yalnizcam and
Bölgesinde 12nci Tümen Oluklu Area
Taarruzu
9ncu Kafkas Tümeni 12/13 October 1920 3 Reconnaissance in force of 9h Caucasian
Taarruzi Keşifleri Division at NW of Benliahmet Beskaya, SW of
Karahac and E of Tuygun
Ermeni Karşı Taarruzu 14 October 1920 Armenian Counter Attack
Kars Harekatı 26-30 October 1920 Operation to Kars
Şahnalar Taarruzu 4 November 1920 Attack on Sahnalar
Sağ Kanat Grubunun Iğdır’a 20/21 October 1920 Attack of Right Wing to Igdir
İlk Taarruzu
Sağ Kanat Grubunun Iğdır’a 24 October 1920 Attack of Right Wing to Igdir
İkinci Taarruzu
Şahtahtının Zaptı 7-8 November 1920 Capture of Sahtahti
Cacur, Golgat Muhabereleri 14 November 1920 Battles of Cacur and Golgat
Dehne Muharebesi 15-16 November 1920 Battle of Dehne
Gümrü Muharebesi 18-21 March 1921 Battle in Gumru

DRAFT 100
REFERENCES
Books
Official Military Histories
Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol II Section 3, Ankara Genel Kurmay Basımevi 1966
Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol II Section 5 Book 2, Ankara Genel Kurmay Basımevi 1995
Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol II Section 6 Book 2, Ankara Genel Kurmay Basımevi 19??
Türk İstiklal Harbi Vol III (Eastern/Armenian Front), Ankara Genel Kurmay Basımevi 1965
Türk İstiklal Harbi Volume IV Güney Cephesi (Southern Front), ATESE 2009
Türk Istiklal Harbi’ne Katilan Alay ve Tugay Komutanlarinin Biyografileri Vol II ,Ankara Genel Kurmay
Basımevi, 2010
Hellenic Army General Staff-Army History Directorate,A Concise History of the Campaign in Asia
Minor 1919-1922, Athens 2003
Γενίκο Επιτελείο Στρατού-Διευθύνση Ιστορίας Σρατού, Τα προ της Τουρκικής Επιθέσεως Γεγονότα,
Σεπτέμβριος 1921- Αύγουστος 1922 (Η Εκστρατεία στην Μικρά Ασία, τόμος Στ'), Αθηνα 2012 (Hellenıc
Army General Staff-Army History Directorate, Events before the Turkish Offensive, Volume VI)
Γενίκο Επιτελείο Στρατού-Διευθύνση Ιστορίας Σρατού, Το Τέλος της Εκστρατείας. Υποχωρητικοί

Αγώνες των Α΄ και Β΄ Σωμάτων Στρατού, Αύγουστος-Σεπτέμβριος 1922 (Η Εκστρατεία στην Μικρά
Ασία,τόμος Ζ'-Μέρος Πρώτον), Αθηνα 2012 (Hellenıc Army General Staff-Army History Directorate,
The End of the Campaign, Volume VII-Part 1)
Γενίκο Επιτελείο Στρατού-Διευθύνση Ιστορίας Σρατού, Το Τέλος της Εκστρατείας Σύμπτυξις του Γ΄
Σώματος Στρατού, Αύγουστος-Σεπτέμβριος 1922 (Η Εκστρατεία στην Μικρά Ασία,τόμος Ζ'-Μέρος
Δεύτερον), Αθηνα 2012 (Hellenıc Army General Staff-Army History Directorate, The End of the
Campaign, Volume VII-Part 2)
Γενίκο Επιτελείο Στρατού-Διευθύνση Ιστορίας Σρατού, Επιχειρήσεις εις Θράκην (1919–1923) )Η

Εκστρατεία στην Μικρά Ασία,), Αθηνα 1986 (Hellenıc Army General Staff-Army History Directorate,
Operations in Thrace 1919-1923)
Giovanni Cecini, Il Corpo di Spedizione italiano in Anatolia (1919-1922), Ufficio Storico dello Stato
Maggiore della Difesa , Roma 2010
Giovanni Cecini, Militari italiani in Turchia (1919-1923), Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore della
Difesa, Roma 201
Other Books
DRAFT 101
Artuç İbrahim, Büyük Taaruz (The Great Offensive), Kastaş Yayınları, Istanbul 1986
Ulusoy Mümtaz, İstiklal Harbi’nde 2nci Kolordu (II.Corps in TIW), Ankara 2006
Belen Fahri, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı (Turkish War of Independence), Istanbul 2015
Erickson Edward J., Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Osprey Publications,Istanbul 2015
Jowett Philip S., Kurtuluş Savaşında Ordular 1919-1922, Osprey Publications, Istanbul 2018
Gorgulu, Col.Ismet Gorgulu, On Yillik Harbin Kadrosu, (The Personal of 10 Years Long War) Ankara
1993
Websites
http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/27th-division/
https://www.turkishnews.com/tr/content/2013/08/27/buyuk-taarruzun-sanli-komutanlari
http://ahmetsaltik.net/2013/08/26/17039/
http://www.ata.tsk.tr/06_milli_mucadele_komutanlari/milli_mucadele_komutanlari.html
http://www.hellasarmy.gr/page.php?page=ha_mikrasia
http://www.orbat.info/history/historical/uk/ops1919-39.html
https://www.bulgarianartillery.it/Bulgarian%20Artillery%201/Testi/T_British%20Army%20in%20Maced
onia.htm
Levant avril 1917- juin 1941, Eric de FLEURIAN, http://www.les-tirailleurs.fr/documents/ed0688be-

301e-4890-a43d-0cb494906bb1/afficher
Histoire militaire du MoyenOrient,Conflits du Moyen Orient des origines à nos jours,Armée Française du
Levant https://histoiremilitairedumoyenorient.wordpress.com/category/armee-francaise-du-levant/
http://earsiv.sehir.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11498/39068/001641162010.pdf?sequence=1&isAl
lowed=y
Newspaper
Milliyet Newspaper 30 August 1972 Büyük Taarruz 50nci Yılı Özel Sayı

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DRAFT 1

The War of Salvation 1919-1923: A Reference Guide to the armed forces

List of Eastern Front Battles ........................................................................................................................ 98

Chronology of relevant events 1918-1924

30 October 1918, Armistice of Mudros

13 November 1918, First Entente Troops arrive at Istanbul/Constantinople

6 January 1919, Ardahan Congress of Caucasian Muslims

9 January 1919, end of Armenian-Georgian conflict.

12 January 1919, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha again Grand Vizier.

March 1919, First anti-Occupation demonstrations in Istanbul/Constantinople

3 March 1919, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha resigns as Grand Vizier.

4 March 1919, Damat Ferid Pasha becomes Grand Vizier.

18 March 1919, French troops occupy Eregli/Pontoherakleia and Zongludak

4 April 1919, Smut’s Mediation Expedition to Hungary. (Hungarian 1919 War)

23 April 1919, Mustafa Kemal appointed Inspector of Ninth Army Troops

29 April 1919, Italian forces land at Antalya/Attaleia

14 May 1919, Greek forces land at Izmir/Smyrna

19 May 1919, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk arrives at Samsun/Sampsounta

19-23 May 1919, Major anti-Occupation demonstrations in Istanbul/Constantinople

21 May 1919, Aristidis Stergiadis is arrives in Izmir/Smyrna as Greek High Commissioner.

14-15 June 1919, Action at Pergamum/Bergama (Greek-Turkish War)

17 June 1919, Claimed Menemen Massacre (Greek-Turkish War)

23 July – 4 August 1919, Erzurum Congress

29 July 1919, Venizelos–Tittoni agreement.

16-25 August 1919, Alasehir/Philadelphia Congress under Hacim Muhittin Bey

20 August-15 September 1919, Ali Galip Incident

4 September-4 October 1919, 1st Bozkir Insurrection

20 Octomber-4 November 1919, 2nd Bozkir Insurrection

25 October- 30 November 1919, 1st Aznavur Mutiny

26 October -24 December 1919, Seyh Esref Mutiny

7 November 1919, Greek troops begin taking control of Western Thrace

16 November 1919, Legislative Elections in Italy. The socialists come first.

12 January 1920, Ottoman Parliament convenes.

21 January-12 February 1920, Battle of Marash (Franco-Turkish War)

7 February-11 April 1920, Battle of Urfa (Franco-Turkish War)

16 February- 16 April 1920, 2nd Aznavur Mutiny

16 March 1920, Formal allied occupation of Istanbul/Constantinople

4 April 1920, Pyotr Wrangel takes command of White Forces in Russia.

11 April 1920, Sultan Mehmed VI Vahdeddin dissolves the Ottoman Parliament

13 April – 31 May 1920, 1st Duzce Insurrection

23 April 1920, Turkish Grand National Assembly convenes in Ankara

15 May -27 August 1920, 1st Yozgat Insurrection

20 May – 7 July 1920, Cemil Cero Mutiny

25 May – 21 July 1920, Zile Insurrection

1 June – 8 September 1920, Kurdish Urfa Mutiny

21 June – 10 July 1920, Civril Incident

27 – 28 June 1920, Kula Incident

19 July – 23 September 1920, 2nd Duzce Insurrection

20 July – 20 August 1920, Inegol Incident

5 August 1920, Siege of Antep begins (Franco-Turkish War)

10 August 1920, Treaty of Sevres signed.

29 August 1920, Battel of Usak (Greek-Turkish War)

5 September - 30 December 1920, 2nd Yozgat Insurrection

13 September 1920, Armenian-Turkish War begins (Armenian-Turkish War)

18 September 1920, abortive attempt at a Franco-Turkish accord.