Seventh-Day Adventist Church Manual 1932

T 17177 TTT
CHURCH
MANUAL
GerLral Cenkance
of Seventh-day Adveatists
Issued by
The General Conference of
Seventh-day Adventists
1932
PRINTED IN THE U. S. A.
TJ. Tl 1 T 1 TT
Contents
PREFACE 5
SECTION I
PLAN OF ORGANIZATION
SECTION II
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OFFICERS
OF THE CHURCH AND PLANS FOR AUXILIARY
ORGANIZATIONS 17
SECTION III
CHURCH MEMBERSHIP 71
SECTION IV
CHURCH DISCIPLINE 88
SECTION V
ORGANIZATIONS FOR HOLDING CHURCH PROPER-
TIES ; SUGGESTIONS REGARDING WILLS, ANNUI-
TIES, ETC. 105
SECTION VI
GOSPEL FINANCE 119
SECTION VII
MINISTERS AND GOSPEL WORKERS 133
SECTION VIII
THE SERVICES OF THE CHURCH 147
SECTION IX
SABBATH OBSERVANCE 170
SECTION X
MARRIAGE 173
SECTION XI
FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENT-
ISTS 180
4
Preface
As the work of the church has grown and spread into
many lands, it has become increasingly evident that a
Manual on church government is needed to set forth
and preserve our denominational practices and polity.
An ever-increasing number of men are being called into
positions of responsibility as ministers and church of-
ficers. To all these a work of this kind should prove
helpful in the administration of church work.
Previous efforts have been made by different writers
to meet the long-felt need by publishing books or pam-
phlets on the work of the church and the duties of church
officers. These efforts have been helpful. Some of the
material thus produced has been utilized in preparing
this volume.
This Manual has been prepared at the request of the
General Conference Committee by Elder J. L. McElhany,
vice-president of the General Conference for North Amer-
ica. Over a period of several years, by extended cor-
respondence, by attendance at scores of workers' and
church officers' meetings, presidents' councils, and general
meetings, he has gathered the material and put it into
this form. This book has been carefully edited by a
committee especially chosen for their fitness and expe-
rience in such matters.
Both the Bible and experience teach that order and
system are necessary in carrying on the work of the
church. "God is not the author of confusion, but of
peace, as in all churches of the saints." 1 Cor. 14: 33.
"Let all things be done decently and in order." Verse 40.
5
6 Church Manual
To this agree also the following quotations from the

Spirit of prophecy:
"We want to hold the lines evenly, that there shall be
no breaking down of the system of regulation and order.
In this way license shall not be given to disorderly ele-
ments to control the work at this time. We are living
in a time when order, system, and unity of action are
most essential."—"Testimonies to Ministers," p. 228.
"The church of Christ is in constant peril. Satan is
seeking to destroy the people of God, and one man's
mind, one man's judgment, is not sufficient to be trusted.
Christ would have His followers brought together in
church capacity, observing order, having rules and dis-
cipline, and all subject one to another, esteeming others
better than themselves. Union and confidence are essen-
tial to the prosperity of the church. If each member of
the church feels at liberty to move independently of the
others, taking his own peculiar course, how can the church
be in any safety in the hour of danger and peril? The
prosperity and very existence of a church depend upon
the prompt, united action and mutual confidence of its
members."—"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. III,
p. 445.
In the hope that this Manual will prove a blessing to
all our churches, it is sent forth as a guide in matters of
church administration.
GENERAL CONFERENCE COMMITTEE.
Section I—Plan of Organization
"As we have many members in one body, and all mem-
bers have not the same office: so we, being many, are one
body in Christ, and every one members one of another."
Rom. 12: 4, 5.
"As the body is one, and hath many members, and all
the members of that one body, being many, are one body:
so also is Christ." 1 Cor. 12: 12.
"Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in par-
ticular. And God hath set some in the church, first
apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that
miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments,
diversities of tongues." Verses 27, 28.
The Purpose of Organization.—"As our numbers in-
creased, it was evident that without some form of organ-
ization there would be great confusion, and the work
would not be carried forward successfully. To provide
for the support of the ministry, for carrying the work
in new fields, for protecting both the churches and the
ministry from unworthy members, for holding church
property, for the publication of the truth through the
press, and for many other objects, organization was in-
dispensable."—"Testinnonies to Ministers," p. 26.
Organization Cannot Be Dispensed With.—"Let none
entertain the thought that we can dispense with organiza-
tion. It has cost us much study and many prayers for
wisdom that we know God has answered, to erect this
structure. It has been built up by His direction, through
much sacrifice and conflict. Let none of our brethren
7
8 Claurch Manual
be so deceived as to attempt to tear it down, for you will

thus bring in a condition of things that you do not
dream of. In the name of the Lord I declare to you that
it is to stand, strengthened, established, and settled."—
Id., pp. 27, 28.
Five Steps in Our Orgaavization.—The church is an
organization of individuals who hold the same faith and
doctrines in common. If all such individuals lived in one
locality, the form of organization would be simple, but
being scattered in many lands, other steps in maintaining
unity of faith and action are necessary.
Among Seventh-day Adventists there are five steps
from the individual believer to the world-wide organiza-
tion of the work of the church:
1. The Church, which is a united body of individual
believers.
2. The Local Conference or local mission field, which
is a united body- of churches in a state, province, or
local territory.
3. The Union Conference or union mission field, which
is a united body of conferences or mission fields within a
larger territory.
4. The Division, which is a division or section of the
General Conference, embracing local or union conferences
or mission fields in large sections of the world field.
5. The General Conference, which is the general body
embracing the church in all parts of the world.
Thus beginning with the individual believer there runs
through the church and local, union, and division con-
ference organizations a relationship that unites the whole
world-wide company- of believers into one common body
in the General Conference.
Plan of Organization 9
General Conference the Highest Authority.—"I have

been shown that no man's judgment should be surrendered
to the judgment of any one man. But when. the judg-
ment of the General Conference, which is the highest
authority that God has upon earth, is exercised, private
independence and private judgment must not be main-
tained, but be surrendered."—"Testimonies for the
Church," Vol. III, p. 492.
General Conference Action Regarding Relationship
Between Organizations.—"The General Conference is the
highest organization in the administration of our world-
wide work, ofttimes creating subordinate organizations to
promote specific interests in various sections of the
world; it is therefore understood that all subordinate
organizations and institutions throughout the world will
recognize the General Conference in session, and the
Executive Committee between sessions, as the highest
authority, under God, among us. When differences arise
in or between organizations and institutions, appeal to
the next higher organization is proper till it reaches the
General Conference in session, or the Executive Commit-
tee in full council. During the interim between these
sessions, the Minority Committee shall constitute the
body of final authority on all questions where a difference
of viewpoint may develop, whose decision shall control
on such controverted points, but whose decision may be
reviewed at a session of the General Conference or a
full council of the Executive Committee."—"Constitution,
By-Laws, and Working Policy of the General Confer-
ence." p. 21, 1930 edition.
Four Forms of Church Government.—There are four
generally recognized forms of church government, which
may be summarized briefly as follows:
10 Church Manual
1. Independency—a form of church polity that makes
the local church congregation supreme and final within
its own domain. This form is usually referred to as con-
gregationalism.
2. Representative—a form of church government that
recognizes the right of the people to participate, at the
same time recognizing the authority of representative or
delegated bodies in church government, thus emphasizing
the unity of the entire church body, instead of individual
or local churches. Also that recognizes the parity or
equality of the entire ministry
3. Prelacy—the episcopal form of church government
by bishops, usually with three orders of ministers, as
bishops, priests, and deacons.
4. Papal—the form of government of the Roman Cath-
olic Church. The supreme authority is vested in the
Roman Pontiff, and from him the church is governed by
cardinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests. The local
church or individual member has no voice in church ad-
ministration or government.
A Representative Form—The Seventh-day Adventist
body is administered under the representative form of
church government. Every church member in good stand-
ing votes for the election of church officers, and also votes
on matters of church business, receiving and dismissing
members, etc. The churches elect delegates to the ses-
sions of the local conferences, and thereby delegate to
them representative authority in the election of conference
officers and the transaction of other conference business.
This same plan is in turn followed by the local confer-
ences in sending delegates to the union conference ses-
sions, and by the union conferences and divisions in send-
ing delegates to the General Conference sessions.
Choosing Delegates.—"He [God] has so arranged mat-

ters that chosen men shall go as delegates to our confer-
ences. These men are to be tried and proved. They are
to be trustworthy men. The choosing of delegates to
attend our conferences is an important matter. These
men are to lay the plans that shall be followed in the
advancement of the work; and therefore they are to be
men of understanding, able to reason from cause to
effect."—"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. IX, p. .e62.
"Every member of the church has a voice in choosing
officers of the church. The church chooses the officers
of the State conferences. Delegates chosen by the State
conferences choose the officers of the union conferences;
and delegates chosen by the union conferences choose the
officers of the General Conference. By this arrangement,
every conference, every institution, every church, and
every individual, either directly or through representa-
tives, has a voice in the election of the men who bear the
chief responsibilities in the General Conference."—Id.,
Vol. VIII, pp. 236, fn.
The number of delegates from each church to a local
conference session may vary somewhat according to
the constitutional provision of the conference. When
the time comes to select these delegates, the officers
of the church should bring the matter to the attention of
the church. A committee may be appointed to nominate
delegates, or the church board may be asked to nominate
them. Nothing that savors of a political convention
should be allowed to come into this work. Men and
women of known piety and loyalty and who are able to
attend the session should be nominated as delegates.
When the committee or church board has completed its
work, it should report to the church, nominating the
12 Church Manual
members it has agreed upon. The church then votes on

these nominations. Following the election, the clerk of
the church will fill out the delegates' credential blanks
furnished for the purpose, and return them to the secre-
tary of the conference. The individuals chosen for this
responsibility become the delegated representatives of
the church, to unite with the delegates of other churches
in the conference for the election of the officers of the
conference, and for the transaction of all other con-
ference business. Local conference terms are usually
for two years. In some eases the term is for one year.
Union conference terms are usually for four years.
The delegates to the sessions of the union conferences
are chosen by the local conferences.
The division conferences are sections or divisions of
the General Conference, and their officers are elected by.
the General Conference in session.
The General Conference term is for four years. The
constitution of the General Conference, Article III, makes
provision for representation at its sessions as follows:
"Section 1. The membership of this Conference shall
consist of:
"a. Such union conferences and union missions as have
been or shall be properly organized and accepted by vote
of the General Conference in session.
"b. Such local conferences and properly organized mis-
sions not included in any union conference or in any
union mission as have been or shall be properly organ-
ized and accepted by vote of the General Conference in
session.
"Sec. 2. The voters of this Conference shall be desig-
nated as follows:
"a. Delegates at large.

"b. Regular delegates.
"Sec. 3. Delegates at large shall be:
"a. All members of the General Conference Executive
Committee, and such members of the division committees
as are not members of the General Conference Committee.
"b. Such representatives of missions of the General
Conference and of general institutions and departments
of work, and such general laborers and field secretaries as
shall receive delegate's credentials from the Executive
Committee of the General Conference, such credentials
to be ratified by the General Conference in session. The
number of these delegates thus seated shall not exceed
25 per cent of the total number of delegates in attend-
ance otherwise provided for.
"See. 4. Regular delegates shall be such persons as are
duly accredited by division committees and union con-
ferences.
"Sec. 5. Each division shall be entitled to one delegate
for each union mission organization within its territory,
and one delegate for each one thousand members or
fraction thereof within its union mission territories.
"Sec. 6. Each union conference shall be entitled to one
delegate in addition to its president without regard to
numbers, and an additional delegate for each local confer-
ence in its territory, and an additional delegate for each
one thousand or fraction thereof of its membership. In
the case of union conferences operating under division
committees, these delegates shall be appointed in counsel
with the division committees, and shall be seated as part
of the division delegation."—"Constitution, By-Laws, and
Working Policy of the General Conference," pp. 3, 4,
1930 edition.
14 Church Manual
It is thus apparent that while the General Conference

delegation is a limited one, it is representative of the
entire world field. To the General Conference officers and
committee is delegated the responsibility of directing the
work of the church throughout the entire world.
Duty of Delegates.—Delegates to conference sessions
or constituency meetings are not chosen to represent
merely the churches or conferences electing them. When
they are seated, they should have a view of the work as
a whole, remembering that they are responsible for the
welfare of the work in every part of the field. It is not
permissible for church or conference delegations to organ-
ize or attempt to direct their votes as a whole. Nor is it
permissible for the delegates from a large church or
conference to claim pre-eminence in directing affairs in
a conference session. Each delegate should be held ac-
countable to the leadership of the Holy Spirit, and east
his vote in harmony with the best light he has. Any
church or conference officer or leader attempting to eon-
trol the votes of a group of delegates, would properly be
considered disqualified for holding office.
Responsibility of • Conference Officers.—The local
church has no authority outside its own local body. It
unites with other churches in the conference in delegating
authority and responsibility to the conference officers
and executive committee to carry on the work between
sessions of the conference. These officers are answerable
to the conference as a whole, and not to any one local
church.
Duties of Conference Committees.—Conference com-
mittees are elected by the conferences in session. The
members hold office during the conference term. The
members of a conference committee are not elected to

represent the churches to which they belong or some par-
ticular section of the conference territory; but each mem-
ber of the committee, upon election, should feel a respon-
sibility for fostering all interests of the work in every
part of the field. Their decisions and votes are not to
be controlled or influenced by any church, group, or in-.
dividual. After prayerful and careful study of all mat-
ters pertaining to the administration of the work, com-
mittees are to reach their decisions. It is the duty of
the officers of the conference to prepare the items of busi-
ness, with all information pertaining thereto, that comes
before the committee for its consideration.
Self-appointed Organizations.—Self-appointed organ-

izations of any kind within the church are not counte-
nanced or recognized. The church as an entity in its
organized capacity, is the only recognized body. It makes
provision for all its legitimate organizations, such as
the Sabbath School, Home Missionary and Missionary
Volunteer Societies, etc. The work of the church is
carried on through its properly organized channels and
elected officers. Every member has equal rights within
the church body. No member or group of members has
the right to foster or effect any self-appointed organiza-
tion within the church designed to carry on or interfere
with the work of the church or conference. Such a course
would result in fostering a party spirit, and engendering
a state of rivalry between contending factions in their
efforts to control or direct in the affairs of the church.
When church members persist in adhering to or taking
part in such movements or organizations, they are subject
to church discipline.
16 Church Manual
Division Committees May Modify Plans to Meet Local

Conditions.—In mission lands it sometimes becomes ad-
visable for certain modifications in general plans and
methods of church work to be adopted to meet local con-
ditions. Where this seems necessary, the division com-
mittee should pass upon such modifications, and recom-
mend the same to their respective fields, so that in each
division unit there may be uniformity of procedure.
Section II—Duties and Responsibilities
of the Officers of the Church and
Plans for Auxiliary Organizations
CHOOSING officers for the church or conference is a
very important matter. The prosperity of the work
depends largely upon its leadership. The greatest care
should be exercised in calling men and women into
positions of sacred responsibility. The following quali-
fications should be earnestly sought for in those who
are nominated for church office.
Moral Fitness.—"Moreover thou shalt provide out of
all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth,
hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be
rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of
fifties, and rulers of tens." Ex. 18: 21.
"Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven
men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom,
whom we may appoint over this business." Acts 6: 3.
"Moreover he must have a good report of them which
are without; lest he fall into• reproach and the snare
of the devil." 1 Tim. 3: 7.
"The things that thou hast heard of me among many
witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who
shall be able to teach others also." 2 Tim. 2: 2.
Religious Fitness.—"This is a true saying, If a man
desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a good work.
A bishop [elder] then must be blameless, the husband of
one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behavior, given to hos-
17
18 Church Manual
pitality, apt to teach; not given to wine, no striker, not

greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not
covetous; one that ruleth well his own house, having his
children in subjection with all gravity; (for if a man
know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take
care of the church of God?) not a novice, lest being lifted
up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil.
Moreover he must have a good report of them which are
without; lest he fall into reproach and the snare of the
devil. Likewise must the deacons be grave, not double-
tongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy
lucre; holding the mystery of the faith in a pure con-
science. And let these also first be proved; then let them
use the office of a deacon, being found blameless. Even
so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faith-
ful in all things. Let the deacons be the husbands of
one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.
For they that have used the office of a deacon well
purchase to themselves a good degree, and great boldness
in the faith which is in Christ Jesus." 1 Tim. 3: 1-13.
"Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example
of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in
spirit, in faith, in purity. Till I come, give attendance
to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine." "Take heed unto
thyself, and unto the doctrine; continue in them: for in
doing this thou shalt both save thyself, and them that
hear thee." 1 Tim. 4: 12, 13, 16.
"For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldst
set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain
elders in every city, as I had appointed thee: if any be
blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful
children not accused of riot or unruly. For a bishop
must be blameless, as the steward of God; not self-willed,
Duties of Officers 19
not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given

to filthy lucre; but a lover of hospitality, a lover of
good men, sober, just, holy, temperate; holding fast the
faithful word as he hath been taught, that he may be
able by sound doctrine both to exhort and to convince
the gainsayers. For there are many unruly and vain
talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision;
whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole houses,
teaching things which they ought not, for filthy lucre's
sake." Titus 1: 5-11.
"But speak thou the things which become sound doc-
trine." "In all things showing thyself a pattern of good
works: in doctrine showing uneorruptness, gravity, sin-
cerity, sound speech, that cannot be condemned; that
he that is of the contrary part may be ashamed, having
no evil thing to say of you." Titus 2: 1, 7, 8.
"The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also
an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and
also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed: Feed
the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight
thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy
lucre, but of a ready mind; neither as being lords over
God's heritage, but being ensamples to the flock." 1
Peter 5: 1-3.
The Church Must Be Guarded.—"From Miletus he sent
to Ephesus, and called the elders of the church." "Take
heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over
the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to
feed the church of God, which He hath purchased with
His own blood. For I know this, that after my depart-
ing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing
the flock. Also of your own selves shall men arise,
speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after
20 Church Manual
them. Therefore watch, and remember, that by the space

of three years I ceased not to warn every one night and
day with tears." Acts 20: 17, 28-31.
Respect and Deference Due Ministers and Officers of
the Church.—"We beseech you, brethren, to know them
which labor among you, and are over you in the Lord,
and admonish you; and to esteem them very highly in
love for their work's sake. And be at peace among your-
selves." 1 Thess. 5: 12, 13.
"Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of
double honor, especially they who labor in the word and
doctrine." 1 Tim. 5: 17.
"Remember them which have the rule over you, who
have spoken unto you the word of God: whose faith fol-
low, considering the end of their conversation." "Obey
them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves:
for they watch for your souls, as they that must give
account, that they may do it with joy, and not with
grief: for that is unprofitable for you." Heb. 13: 7, 17.
"The Thessalonian believers were greatly annoyed by
men coming among them with fanatical ideas and doc-
trines. Some were 'disorderly, working not at all, but
. . . busybodies.' The church had been properly organ-
ized, and officers had been appointed to act as ministers
and deacons. But there were some, self-willed and im-
petuous, who refused to be subordinate to those who held
positions of authority in the church. They claimed not
only the right of private judgment, but that of publicly
urging their views upon the church. In view of this,
Paul called the attention of the Thessalonians to the
respect and deference due to those who had been chosen
to occupy positions of authority in the church."—"The
Acts of the Apostles," pp. eel, 262.
"Many do not realize the sacredness of church rela-

tionship, and are loath to submit to restraint and dis-
cipline. Their course of action shows that they exalt
their own judgment above that of the united church;
and they are not careful to guard themselves lest they
encourage a spirit of opposition to its voice. Those who
hold responsible positions in the church may have faults
in common with other people, and may err in their de-
cisions; but notwithstanding this, the church of Christ
on earth has given to them an authority that cannot be
lightly esteemed."—"Testimonies for the Church," Vol.
IV, p. 17.
Men Not to Be Hurried Into Office.—"In many places
we meet men who have been hurried into responsible
positions as elders of the church, when they are not
qualified for such a position. They have not proper gov-
ernment over themselves. Their influence is not good.
The church is in trouble continually in consequence of the
defective character of the leader. Hands have been laid
too suddenly upon these men."—/d., pp. 406, 407.
"The apostle Paul writes to Titus: 'Set in order the
things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city,
as I had appointed thee; if any be blameless, the husband
of one wife, having faithful children, not accused of
riot, or unruly. For a bishop [elder] must be blameless,
as the steward of God.' It would be well for all our
ministers to give heed to these words, and not to hurry
men into office without due consideration, and much
prayer that God would designate by His Holy Spirit
whom He will accept.
"Said the inspired apostle, 'Lay hands suddenly on no
man.' In some of our churches the work of organizing
22 Church Manual
and of ordaining elders has been premature; the Bible

rule has been disregarded, and consequently grievous
trouble has been brought upon the church. There should
not be so great haste in electing leaders as to ordain men
who are in no way fitted for the responsible work."—Id.,
Vol. V, p. 617.
Those Who Are Opposed to Unity Not Suitable for
Officers.—"There have of late arisen among us men who
profess to be the servants of Christ, but whose work is
opposed to that unity which our Lord established in the
church. They have original plans and methods of labor.
They desire to introduce changes into the church to suit
their ideas of progress, and imagine that grand results
are thus to be secured. These men need to be learners
rather than teachers in the school of Christ. They are
ever restless, aspiring to accomplish some great work, to
do something that will bring honor to themselves. They
need to learn that most profitable of all lessons, humility
and faith in Jesus. . . .
"Teachers of the truth, missionaries, officers in the
church, can do a good work for the Master if they will
but purify their own souls by obeying the truth. . . .
As members of the body of Christ, all believers are ani-
mated by the same spirit and the same hope. Divisions
in the church dishonor the religion of Christ before the
world, and give occasion to the enemies of truth to
justify their course. Paul's instructions were not written
alone for the church in his day. God designed that they
should be sent down to us."—Id., pp. 238, 239.
Unsafe to Choose Men for Leaders Who Refuse to
Yoke Up With Others.—"God has placed in the church,
as His appointed helpers, men of varied talents, that
through the combined wisdom of many, the mind of the

Spirit may be met. Men who move in accordance with
their own strong traits of character, refusing to yoke
up with others who have had a long experience in the
work of God, will become blinded by self-confidence,
unable to discern between the false and the true. It
is not safe for such ones to be chosen as leaders in the
church; for they would follow their own judgment and
plans, regardless of the judgment of their brethren. It
is easy for the enemy to work through those who, them-
selves needing counsel at every step, undertake the guard-
ianship of souls in their own strength, without having
learned the lowliness of Christ."—"The Acts of the Apos-
tles," p. 279.
Church Elder
The Office of Elder an Important One.—"This is a true
saying, If a man desire the office of a bishop [elder], he
desireth a good work." 1 Tim. 3: 1. In the work and
organization of the church, except where a local pastor
has been provided by the conference, the office of elder
stands out as the highest and most important. In the
foregoing paragraphs the moral and religious fitness of
elders as well as other church officers has been set forth.
The Elder a Religious Leader of the Church.—The
local church elder, in the absence of the pastor, is the
religious leader of the church. By precept and example
he must continually lead the church into a deeper and
more consecrated spiritual life. lie must not only be
a man recognized by the church as being a religious and
spiritual leader, but must have a good reputation with
those of the world.
24 Church Manual
Capable of Ministering the Word.—The elder should be

capable of conducting the services of the church. It is
impossible for the conference to supply ministerial help
constantly for all the churches; consequently the elder
must be prepared to minister in word and doctrine. How-
ever, he should not be chosen primarily because of his
position in the world, nor because of his ability as a
speaker, but because of his consecrated life and ability
as a leader. If choice has to be made between men of
fair speech without consecration and men of halting
speech but with devoted lives, the choice should fall on
the latter. All these conditions should be taken into
consideration by nominating committees in preparing
their reports for church elections.
Elected for One Year.—The elder, as are all other
church officers, is elected for one year. His term of office
is for one year only. He may be re-elected to repeated
terms of service. The church is under no obligation,
however, to re-elect, but may choose another for the
eldership whenever a change seems advisable. Upon the
election and ordination of a new elder, the former elder
no longer functions as such. He may be elected as a
deacon, Sabbath school superintendent, or to any other
church office, but the newly elected elder takes the lead
in the church in the absence of an ordained minister or
pastor.
Ordination of Local Elder.—Election to the office of
elder is not in itself a qualification to serve in all the
functions of the office. Before entering upon the work
of administering the church ordinances, the elder must
be ordained. The ordination service is not performed by
the retiring elder, but by an ordained minister who holds
credentials from the conference and who is in good and

regular standing in the denomination. It is not custom-
ary or advisable for an ordained minister visiting from
another conference or field to ordain local church elders
unless requested to do so by the officers of the confer-
ence in which he is visiting. Nor is it customary for a
sustentation minister to ordain church elders unless re-
quested to do so by the conference officers. Having been
once ordained as a church elder, it is not necessary for
one to be ordained again upon re-election, or upon elec-
tion as elder in some other church, provided that in the
meantime the individual has maintained a good and
regular standing in the church.
Work of Church Elder Is Local.—The work of a church
elder is confined to the church electing him. It is not
permissible for a conference committee by vote to confer
on a local church elder the status of an ordained minister
by asking him to serve other churches as elder. If there
exists the need for such service, the conference committee
may recommend to the church or churches requiring the
service that they elect him and ask him to serve them
also. Thus by election, one individual may, when neces-
sary, serve more than one church at a time. This au-
thority is inherent in the church, and not in the confer-
ence committee. The only way men may be qualified for
serving the church at large in the capacity of elder, is by
ordination to the gospel ministry.
The Church Elder Fosters All Lanes of Work.—In the
absence of a pastor, the local elder is not only the spir-
itual leader of the church, but he is responsible for fos-
tering and directing all branches and departments of the
work. The Sabbath school work, the Missionary Volun-
26 Church Manual
teer work, the missionary activities of the church, the

interests of the church school, and every other line should
claim his attention and receive his advice and encourage-
ment. He should sustain a helpful relationship to all
other church officers.
Relationship of Ordained Minister and Local Church
Elder.—In cases where the conference committee assigns
an ordained minister to labor with a church, he should be
considered as the ranking officer, and the local elder as
his assistant. Their work is closely related, and they
should therefore work together in harmony and co-opera-
tion. The minister should not gather to himself all lines
of responsibility, but should share these with the local
elder and other officers. The minister serving the church
regularly as pastor, usually acts as the chairman of the
church board. There may be circumstances, however,
under which it would be advisable for the elder to act in
this capacity. The pastoral work of the church should
be shared by both. The elder should, in counsel with the
minister, carry much of the pastoral responsibility, look-
ing after and visiting the church members, ministering to
the sick, and encouraging those who are disheartened.
Too much emphasis cannot be put on this part of an
elder's work. As an undershepherd he should exercise
a constant vigilance over the flock for which he is re-
sponsible.
The minister is responsible to the conference committee,
and serves the church as a conference worker. The elder
is responsible to the church and the church board.
Church Services.—In the absence of a minister, the
elder is responsible for conducting the services of the
church. If it is imposSible for him to conduct the serv-
ices himself, he should arrange for some one else to do so.

An exception to this is the communion service. Where
an ordained minister cannot be present, the elder should
conduct this service himself. Only ordained ministers
or ordained elders holding office are qualified to do this.
A person holding a ministerial license from the con-
ference is not qualified thereby to conduct the communion
services or to administer baptism, unless he is the regu-
larly elected local elder of that particular church. The
local elder, even though holding ministerial license from
the conference, is not qualified to administer baptism
or conduct the ordinances in any church other than the
one in which he has regularly been elected as local elder.
Baptism.—In the absence of an ordained pastor, it is
always customary, whenever possible, for the elder to
arrange with the president of the conference or the
superintendent of the mission field for the administra-
tion of the rite of baptism to those desiring to unite
with his church.
Marriage Ceremony.—The local elder cannot perform
the marriage ceremony. Only ordained ministers may
do so. In some countries and States even ordained min-
isters cannot perform the marriage ceremony without
being legally registered.
Co-operation With the Conference.—The pastor or
elder and other officers of the church should co-operate
fully with the conference officers and departmental sec-
retaries in carrying out all local, union, and General
Conference plans. He should inform the church of all
regular and special offerings, and see that these are taken
at the proper time. He should promote all the activities
28 Church Manual
of the church, such as the Big, Week, Harvest Ingather-

ing, Thirteenth Sabbath Offering, etc.
He should work very closely with the church treasurer,
and see that all funds are remitted monthly to the con-
ference treasurer at the close of each month.
He should give his personal attention to seeing that the
church clerk's report is promptly sent to the conference
secretary at the close of each quarter.
He should regard all correspondence from the confer-
ence office as important. Letters calling for announce-
ments to the church should be presented at the proper
time. Instances are not lacking where churches have
failed to elect delegates to conference sessions through
the neglect of the elder to give proper attention to letters
from the conference office. The elder should see that
delegates are elected, and that the names of the delegates
are sent to the conference office by the clerk. As a wise
counselor he should help every officer in the church to
measure up fully to his responsibility in co-operating with
the conference in carrying out all plans and policies and
in seeing that all reports are accurately and promptly
forwarded.
Foster Foreign. Mission Work.----A very important fea-
ture of the elder's work is to foster our foreign mission
work. This he can do by making a careful study of our
world-wide work and presenting the needs of this to the
church. He can talk with and encourage the church
members to take a personal part in both giving to and
working for the cause of missions. A kindly, tactful
attitude on the part of the elder will do much to en-
courage liberality on the part of the church membership,
both in the regular church services and in the Sabbath
school offerings.
Foster Tithe Paying.—The elder himself should be a

tithe payer. A man who fails to set an example in
this matter should not be elected to the position of elder.
All church officers should be tithe payers. The elder can
do much to encourage the church members to pay a full
and faithful tithe. This can be done by a public pres-
entation of the Scriptural obligations of stewardship
and by personal labor with the members. Such labor
should be carried on in a tactful and helpful manner.
Like the church treasurer, the elder's relations with the
members in these matters should be confidential. He
should not place in the hands of any unauthorized person
information regarding the financial relationship to the
church of any member.
Distribute Responsibility.—It is not advisable to elect
the elder to other offices in the church, especially where
there are others capable of sharing the responsibilities of
church office. It is better to distribute these responsibil-
ities than to burden a few beyond the limits of their
time and strength. In eases where there are several
elders, it may be necessary to ask them to carry other
offices in connection with the Sabbath school or other
departments of the church work.
Seniority of Elders.—In churches with a large member-
ship it is advisable to choose more than one elder. The
burdens of office may be too great for one man, and
should be shared by as many as are required to do the
work. In such event one of them should be designated as
"first elder." The work should be divided among the
elders in harmony with the experience and ability of each.
A successful plan is for each one to take turns in leading
out for a month; thus the talents of all are utilized and
30 Church Manual
each gains an experience in leadership. By wise counsel

and co-operation the elders can work together for the
upbuilding of the church.
Elder Not a Delegate Ex Officio.—In order to serve as
a delegate in the conference sessions, the elder must be
elected as a delegate by the church. He is not a delegate
ex officio.
Limitation of Authority.—Elders do not have the au-
thority to receive or dismiss church members by their own
act. This is done only by a vote of the church. The
elder or the church board may recommend that the church
vote to receive or dismiss members.
Deacons
"They that have used the office of a deacon well pur-
chase to themselves a good degree, and great boldness in
the faith which is in Christ Jesus." 1 Tim. 3: 13.
The office of deacon is defined in the New Testament
Scriptures. The particular responsibility of the deacon
is made plain by the meaning of the word dicaconos.
Literally this signifies "servant," although in some lexi-
cons it is also defined as "minister," "waiter," "attend-
ant." In the feminine, it refers to the women who
labored in the early church, as in Romans 16: 1.
In the account of the choosing of the seven deacons
of the apostolic church, as recorded in Acts 6: 1-8, we
are told that they were chosen and ordained to attend to
the "business" of the church. "The time and strength
of those who in the providence of God have been placed
in leading positions of responsibility in the church, should
be spent in dealing with the weightier matters demanding
special wisdom and largeness of heart. It is not in the

order of God that such men should be appealed to for
the adjustment of minor matters that others are well
qualified to handle."—"The Acts of the Apostles," p. 93.
This inspired arrangement resulted in great progress
in the building up of the work of the early church. "The
appointment of the seven to take the oversight of special
lines of work, proved a great blessing to the church.
These officers gave careful consideration to individual
needs as well as to the general financial interests of the
church; and by their prudent management and their
godly example, they were an important aid to their fellow
officers in binding together the various interests of the
church into a united whole."—Id., p. 89.
But the call to the office of deacon included more than
looking after the business part of the fast-growing work.
They were engaged in an important part of the Lord's
work, demanding qualifications only slightly less exacting
than those of an elder. (See 1 Tim. 3: 8-13.) "The fact
that these brethren had been ordained for the special
work of looking after the needs of the poor, did not ex-
clude them from teaching the faith. On the contrary,
they were fully qualified to instruct others in the truth,
and they engaged in the work with great earnestness and
success."—Id., p. 90. Stephen, the first Christian martyr,
and Philip, afterward called "the evangelist," were among
the first seven deacons chosen in the Christian church.
The deacon is elected for one year. It is a wise plan
to include one or more consecrated young men to serve
with older men as deacons. A large church should have
a sufficient number of deacons to care properly for their
part of the work of the church. In a large church it is
well to organize a board of deacons, with a chairman,
32 Church Manual
thus providing a well-ordered method for distributing the

responsibilities.
Must Be Ordained.—If the newly elected deacon has
never been ordained, he cannot fill the office until he has
been so set apart by an ordained minister who holds cre-
dentials from the conference. Having been once or-
dained, it is not necessary for a deacon to be ordained
again in order to serve any church as deacon; but he
must be elected each year, and when the term expires, he
may not serve until re-elected.
The deacons have the care of the church property. It
is one of their duties to see that the building is kept
clean and in repair, and that the grounds upon which the
church stands are kept clean and made as attractive as
possible. This includes doing the janitor work. In large
churches it is often necessary to employ a janitor. The
deacons should recommend a suitable person to the
church board, which takes action by vote to employ such
help. Or the church board may authorize the deacons to
employ a janitor. All bills for water, light, fuel, repairs,
etc., are referred to the church treasurer for payment,
he being the custodian of all church funds.
Assist in Church Ordinances.—The deacons assist in the
celebration of the ordinances of the church. At the bap-
tismal service they should be present to minister to the
male candidates. They should do their part in making the
necessary preparations for this service, whether it is to
be held in the church or elsewhere, that there may be
no confusion or delay.
At the celebration of the ordinance of humility, the
deacons provide towels, basins, water (hot or cold, as
the occasion may require), buckets, etc. After the serv-
Ditties of Officers 33
ice, they should see that the vessels used are washed and
returned to their proper place.
At the ordinance of the Lord's supper, the deacons
should place the table in position after it has been spread
by the deaconesses. They should then be seated on the
front row of seats, facing the table where the emblems
are spread. After the minister or elder has asked the
blessing on the bread and has broken it, he will pass the
plates to the deacons. When the plates have been re-
ceived, the deacons will pass the emblem to the congrega-
tion. After serving the people, the deacons return the
plates to the elder or minister, who serves first the deacons,
one of whom in turn receives the plate from him and then
serves the minister. The same procedure is to be followed
in serving the wine. However, in most churches, it will
be necessary for the deacons to take up the empty
glasses before the singing of the hymn of dismissal.
Great care should be exercised in disposing of any
bread or wine left over after all have partaken of these
emblems. Any wine remaining that was blessed, is to be
poured out. Any of the bread remaining of that which
was blessed, should be burned.
The deacon is not qualified to act as the celebrant of
any of the ordinances of the church, nor can he perform
a marriage ceremony. He cannot officiate at the recep-
tion or dismissal of members, either by letter or by vote.
Care of the Sick and the Poor.—One of the chief re

sponsibilities of deacons is the care of the sick, relieving
the poor, and aiding the unfortunate. Funds should be
provided in a church poor fund or otherwise, and should
be disbursed by the church treasurer on the recommenda-
tion of the deacons or deaconesses on the order of the
3
34 Church Manual
church board. While this work is the particular charge

of the deacons and the deaconesses, the church is to be
acquainted with the work that needs to be done, and ef-
forts are to be made to enlist the membership in the
work as necessity may require.
Deaconesses
Deaconesses were included in the official staff of the
early Christian churches. Born. 16: 1, 2. Phebe was a
servant—that is, a "deaconess"—of the church at Cen-
ehrea. Other references indicate that women served the
early churches as deaconesses. There is no record, how-
ever, that these women were ordained, hence the prac-
tice of ordaining deaconesses is not followed by our
denomination.
Deaconesses are elected to office, serving for a term
of one year. It does not follow that the wife of a man
chosen as deacon thereby becomes a deaconess, nor is
it incumbent upon a church to choose the wife of a
deacon as deaconess just because her husband is a
deacon. Deaconesses are to be chosen from the stand-
point of consecration and other qualifications that fit
them to discharge the duties of the office.
Deaconesses are to do their part in caring for the sick,
the needy, and the unfortunate, co-operating with the
deacons in this work.
The deaconesses prepare the bread for the Lord's
supper. They also neatly arrange the ordinance table,
pour the wine, place the plates of bread, and cover the
table with the linen prepared for that purpose, etc. This
should be done before the service begins.
The deaconesses also assist in the ordinance of humil-
ity, giving necessary aid to women newly come to the
truth. It is also the duty of the deaconesses to see that

the table linen, towels, etc., used in the celebration of
ordinances, are laundered and returned to their place.
Deaconesses should also assist at the baptismal serv-
ices, giving such counsel and help as may be necessary
regarding suitable garments for baptism. Where possi-
ble, robes of woolen material should be provided. Where
robes are used, the deaconesses should see that they are
laundered and returned to their place.
In the larger churches, a board of deaconesses should
be formed, with chairman and secretary. In such
churches, the deaconesses can render help at the regular
Sabbath service by extending a welcome to the people,
especially the strangers, as they enter the church. In
such localities it has also been found helpful to district
the membership of the church, assigning a deacon and
a deaconess to each district, expecting that they will
visit every home at least once a quarter, and once a
month if possible.
The Church Clerk
The clerk of the church has one of the most important
of all the church offices. Few realize how much depends
on the proper administration of the duties of this office.
The clerk is elected for a term of one year. In large
churches, an assistant also is elected. The clerk serves
as the secretary of all the business meetings of the
church, and should keep a correct record of all such meet-
ings. If, for any reason, the clerk must be absent from
any meetings, he should arrange for the assistant to be
present to take the minutes of the proceedings.
These minutes should be recorded in the Church Record
book, giving the time and date of meeting, number at-
36 Church Manual
tending, and a report of all actions taken. The clerk

should also make a list of any committees appointed at
such meetings, giving a copy to the chairman of each
committee, together with an outline of the work they are
to do. The Church Record book may be secured from the
Book and Bible House.
This Church Record contains ample space for the
records of a church. There is a place for the church
membership list, giving the columns necessary to show
how and when members were received or dismissed, and
also for brief explanation where necessary. This list
must be kept accurately and up to date. Thus it will
show at all times the standing of the membership.
No Names Added or Dropped Without Vote of the
Church,—The clerk has no authority to add or drop
names from the church list without a vote of the church.
Names are not to be added or dropped on the action of
the church board alone. There must be a vote of the
church to add or drop a name from the church mem-
bership roll.
Transferring Members.—The church clerk handles all
correspondence between individual members and churches
in the transferring of church membership.
Corresponding With Members.—The clerk should en-
deavor to keep in touch with absent members by cor-
respondence. Pass on to them interesting items of church
progress, encouraging them to report each quarter. To
do this, it will be necessary for the clerk to write to
them frequently.
The Church Record should contain a brief statement
of special services, visits of ministers, etc. For example:
"Elder Blank, the president of our conference, spoke at

the morning service, Sabbath, June 23, on 'Our Glorious
Reward.' His visit greatly strengthened our church."
The clerk must fill out the credentials for all delegates
elected to represent the church at the sessions of the local
conference, and send them promptly to the conference
secretary. These blanks, and all the report blanks,
church letter blanks, etc., are provided by the conference.
Reports to Be Furnished Promptly.—It is the duty of
the church clerk to furnish promptly certain reports.
Some of these are annual reports, while others are to be
submitted quarterly; and it is very essential that they
all be sent to the conference secretary within the time
specified. The information required for these reports is
to be secured from the treasurer, the church missionary
secretary, the deacon, the Sabbath school secretary, the
Missionary Volunteer secretary, the church school teacher,
and from the records of the clerk.
Every item of information called for in the blanks
should be supplied. Especial attention should be given
to the transfer of members, and members received and
dropped for various causes, as indicated by the blank.
The conference secretary must report quarterly to the
union conference secretary, and the union conference
secretary must report to the General Conference office,
relative to these important items; any omission or delay
in the report seriously affects the work all along the
way. Faithful attention to all the details specified in
the report blanks greatly assists in keeping an accurate
record of our world-wide work.
Church Records.—The church clerk is the keeper of
the church records. These records should be carefully
38 Church Manua/
preserved. At the expiration of the term of office, all

these records are to be turned Over to the newly elected
clerk. All records and account books of the various
church officers are the property of the church, and are
to be surrendered at the expiration of the term of office
or at any time during the term at the request of the
church.
The Church Treasurer
"God has made the proclamation of the gospel depend-
ent upon the labors and the gifts of His people. Volun-
tary offerings and the tithe constitute the revenue of the
Lord's work. Of the means intrusted to man, God claims
a certain portion,—the tenth. He leaves all free to say
whether or not they will give more than this."—"The
Acts of the Apostles," p. 74.
A Sacred Work.—The treasurer is elected to a very
sacred task. He is the custodian of sacred money, such as
tithe, foreign mission offerings, and other church funds.
His books at the close of each year should show the total
amount of all funds raised by the church. The tithe
and the various funds for missions or other general work,
should be remitted each month to the conference treas-
urer. No part of these funds should be held over from
one month to another, but all should be promptly sent
on to the conference office, to provide the necessary means
for carrying forward the Lord's work in local, union,
and General Conference.
Proper Method of Remitting Funds.—In sending the
remittance to the conference treasurer, make all checks,
bank drafts, or money orders payable to the conference;
for example, " Conference of Seventh-day Ad-
ventists." These should not be made payable to the in-

dividual who may be serving as conference treasurer.
Remittance blanks are furnished free by the conference.
The members of the church should be instructed to
make checks payable to "Treasurer of S. D. A.
Church." This avoids much difficulty in ease of sickness,
death, or removal of a treasurer. If possible, a bank
account should be opened for the church. Treasurers
should not keep the church funds in connection with
their personal bank accounts. An entirely separate
account for the church should be kept. A receipt should
be issued for all money received, no matter how small
the amount. A strict account of all money received and
paid out should be kept in the church treasurer's book.
Full instruction for using the book appears on the front
pages of the same.
The treasurer is the custodian of all church funds. He
should take charge of all collections and offerings, in-
cluding church, Sabbath school, home missionary, and
other departments of the church. Funds intended for
local use will be disbursed only on the order of the dea-
cons or church board. He will pay all church expenses,
as for water, light, fuel, and repairs, from the church
expense funds.
The generally accepted plan is for the church treasurer
to handle all church school funds. He receives these and
disburses them on the order of the church school board.
Vouchers should be secured for all money disbursed.
A good way to preserve these expense vouchers is to paste
them on the back of the duplicate sheets in the treasurer's
book. If one is lapped over another, there will be ample
room for all of them. This is a safer method than trying
40 Church Manual
to keep them on a spike, in a pigeonhole in a desk, or

even in an envelope properly marked, and they are handy
for the auditor.
The treasurer should insist on having all money that is
paid in by the church members placed in the usual tithe
envelopes. Have each set down the various items and
amounts, making sure that the money inclosed equals the
total specified on the envelope. Then he should sign his
name and give his address, and place the envelope on the
offering plate or hand it to the treasurer. Envelopes,
which should be preserved for a time, will serve as vouch-
ers as to the amount, etc. They are also useful to the
auditor in checking over the items entered in the book.
Books Should Be Audited.—The conference treasurer
audits the books once each year. The books and other
records having to do with the work of the treasurer may
be called for and inspected by the elder, district leader,
or by any others authorized by them, at any time.
Reports of all funds received and disbursed must be
presented at the regular business meetings of the church.
A copy of these reports should be given to the church
officers. Reports should be sent to the conference office
when requested.
In reporting the number of tithe payers in the church,
the wife and minor children who are members of the
church, should be counted as tithe payers, in addition to
the head of the family, when he is known to be faithful
in this respect.
The treasurer can greatly encourage faithfulness in
the payment of tithe, and deepen the spirit of liberality
on the part of church members. A word of counsel, given
in the spirit of the Master, will help the brother or sister
to render faithfully to God His own in tithes and offer-

ings, even in a time of financial stress.
Relations With Members Confidential.—The treasurer
should always remember that his relations with individual
church members are strictly confidential. He should be
careful never to comment on the tithe paid by any mem-
ber, or his income or anything concerning it, except to
those who share the responsibility of the work with
him. No member except a leading officer has a right to
demand access to the treasurer's accounts of financial
relations with other members. Great harm may be
caused by failure to observe this rule.
The Church Missionary Organization

The missionary organization of the church embraces
the entire church membership, and the purpose of this
organization is to provide and assign a definite place
of service to every church member. This organization is
directed by a missionary committee elected by the church
in harmony with the following General Conference
recommendation:
"We recommend, That the church board constitute
the missionary committee; provided, however, that in
churches where it is necessary, the church board appoint
a subcommittee to lay definite plans for the missionary
work of the whole church, this subcommittee to consist
of the missionary leader, the church missionary secretary,
Missionary Volunteer leader, Junior Missionary Volun-
teer superintendent, and any other members of the church
board thought best."—General Conference Action; Re-
view and Herald, June 19, 1930, p. 235.
42 Church Manual
Church Missionary Leader.—At the time of the annual

election of church officers, a missionary leader should be
chosen. In many instances it has been found advisable
for the elder to be chosen to fill this office. It is per-
missible, however, for some one other than the elder to
be selected for this position if for any reason the elder
is unable or is not qualified to discharge the duties of
the missionary leader. This office should be considered
as one that is attended by heavy responsibilities, since
the missionary leader must play an important part in
training and leading the church into active missionary
service. The duties of the church missionary leader may
be listed as follows:
1. To act as chairman of missionary meetings and of
the missionary committee. To give careful study to
the missionary field of the church, in order to counsel
most effectively with the church board concerning the
missionary program, and enlist every member of the
church in service.
2. To educate members,
a, By providing classes in "how to give Bible read-
ings" and other lines of work.
b. By practical demonstrations of how to do the
work outlined.
c. By encouraging members in definite lines of work.
3. To help promote all soul-winning campaigns, such as
Literature, Big Week, Signs of the Times, Review and
Herald, Harvest Ingathering, etc.
4. To promote reporting, through public effort and
through the church missionary secretary and band leaders.
5. To co-operate with the conference home missionary
secretary in carrying out the plans of the conference for
the missionary work of the churches.
Missionary Secretary.—The church missionary secre-

tary holds a very important office, and when closely co-
operating with the missionary leader, is able to render
valuable service in the development of the missionary
work of the church. The duties involved in this secretary-
ship may be briefly outlined as follows:
1. To assist in the direction of the missionary activ-
ities of the church, being present at all missionary meet-
ings, keeping the minutes of these services, and endeav-
oring in every consistent way to co-operate with the
missionary leader in stimulating missionary activity.
2. To conduct the business transactions of the church
along missionary lines, such as ordering supplies of litera-
ture, etc., keeping accounts, and making collections.
3. To provide himself with a duplicate order book.
This is necessary that he may have a copy of the order
by which to check the Book and Bible House bills. Orders
should never be written in letters. Such orders are liable
to be overlooked. Care should be taken to write the
orders clearly, with correct names and addresses, stating
how the supplies are to be sent, and giving other neces-
sary instructions.
4. To order all regular supplies, such as Sabbath School
Lesson pamphlets, Home Missionary Workers' Calendars,
Morning Watch Calendars, etc., at the proper time.
5. Offerings should be taken at suitable times to pro-
vide tracts and other missionary supplies for the mem-
bers. A collection for this purpose is usually taken on
the first Sabbath. If this offering does not bring in
enough to pay for the needed tracts, etc., collections
may be taken at the weekly missionary meetings.
6. To see that the receipts from all sources are suffi-
44 Church Manual
dent to pay for everything that is ordered. The Book

and Bible House account should be paid each month.
7. To act as secretary of the missionary committee,
keeping a record of the minutes of this committee, and
taking an active part in carrying into effect the plans
for the church developed by this committee.
8. To collect regularly reports of work done by church
members, to keep the proper record, and to be prompt in
sending a summary to the conference home missionary
secretary at the appointed time.
9. To keep before the attention of the church, mission-
ary literature which is available for use.
It is the duty of the missionary secretary to keep in
close touch with the conference home missionary secre-
tary, and to keep him informed in regard to the progress
of the work. A monthly letter containing items of the
following nature is very helpful to the church and con-
ference missionary secretary:
a. A brief report of the condition and progress of the
missionary organization.
b. Any good experiences the members may have had
during the month.
c. Interesting statistics concerning any campaign the
church may be conducting, such as Harvest Ingath-
ering, etc.
d. Any questions covering problems the church is facing
in the development of its missionary work.
Sabbath School Officers and Their Responsibilities

"There is a most preotous missionary field in the Sab-
bath school."—"Testimonies on Sabbath School Work,"
p. S9. "The Sabbath school, if rightly conducted, is one
Ditties of Officers 45
of God's great instrumentalities to bring souls to a

knowledge of the truth."—Id., p. 18. The officers, teach-
ers, and entire membership should, therefore, co-operate
with the other departments of the church in all phases
of missionary work and soul saving activities. Likewise,
all departments of the church should work together with
the Sabbath school to build up the Sabbath school and
make the entire church work as effective as possible.
The officers of the Sabbath school should be members
of the church, and are elected for one year, and in the
same manner and at the same time as the officers of the
church are selected. The list of Sabbath school officers
and their assistants consists of the following:
Superintendent
Assistant Superintendent
Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Division Leaders, as needed
Chorister, and assistant (if needed)
Organist, and assistant (if needed)
These officers and assistants, with the church pastor
or elder, are a committee of council concerning the plans
and problems of the Sabbath school, and should meet
once a month where this is possible, to study and plan
for the successful working of the Sabbath school.
The Superintendent.—The Sabbath school superintend-
ent is the superior officer of the church. He should, as
soon as elected, begin to plan for the smooth and effec-
tive operation of his school. The council committee
shoUld meet and plan their Sabbaths school organization.
Particular duties should be assigned to the assistant
superintendent and assistant secretary. The teachers for
46 Church Manual
all divisions should be chosen by the Sabbath school

council, which includes the division leaders. Nothing
should be left to chance or to snap decisions at the first
session of the Sabbath school in the new year. Every
one who is to bear responsibility in the school should
be notified a week or more before the first Sabbath, that
all may make ample provision for their work. In larger
schools more than one assistant superintendent may be
needed. If more are required and elected, each should
be given specific duties in the school. Ushers are usually
appointed in large schools. These, too, should be chosen
by the council committee under the leadership of the
superintendent.
Every superintendent should acquaint himself with the
plans of the Sabbath School Department of the General
Conference. He is expected to abide by the decisions of
the council committee relating to the details of his local
school operation.
The superintendent is in charge of all departments of
the Sabbath school, and leaders of divisions should seek
to co-operate with him by submitting all new plans that
affect the program or operation of their part of the
school, to the council committee, of which the super-
intendent is chairman.
Sabbath school teachers are appointed for the year,
but are subject to change at the discretion of the council
committee. One or more substitute teachers for each
division, according to the need, should be chosen at the
same time as the regular teachers. These may be called
upon by the superintendent to fill such vacancies as may
occur from time to time in the division for which they
are chosen.
If a vacancy occurs in any appointed office or a teacher
leaves at any time, it is the superintendent's duty to call

together his council committee and fill such vacancy.
The superintendent should have general charge of
teachers' meetings. While others may have duties on
particular lines, as lesson study or training course study,
he should take the lead, and make the teachers' meeting
an actual part of the Sabbath school responsibility he
carries.
He should take a definite interest in Sabbath school
music, choosing hymns that will fit the study of the day,
lend a spiritual and uplifting atmosphere to the session,
and should enlist the active help of his chorister and
organist in making this part of the program as spiritual
as is the study of the Bible.
The Sabbath school carries a very heavy part of the
missions program of the denomination. More than half
the offerings given in some countries for the advance-
ment of the gospel in mission lands is given by our
Sabbath schools. It is one of the responsibilities of
every Sabbath school superintendent to make himself
conversant with the promotion plans of the missions pro-
gram, to learn how to present effectively the mission fields
and their needs, and to lead his school in such sacrifice
and giving as will enlist their whole-hearted support of
the missionary advance by meeting the financial goals
of the Sabbath schools.
The Assistant Superintendent —An assistant superin-
tendent should be elected to assume charge of the Sab-
bath school in the superintendent's absence. At any
time he may be called upon to plan for and lead in the
Sabbath school sessions, but this should be done only
very occasionally for the sake of experience and training,
the main responsibility resting always upon the superin-
48 Church Manual
tendent. Specific duties in the school may, however, be

assigned to the assistant, such as looking after visitors,
providing for the missions exercise, seeing that substitute
teachers are assigned duties in classes, and any other
responsibilities in which the superintendent needs assist-
ance to carry out the Sabbath school program promptly
and efficiently.
The Secretary.—There is perhaps no office in the Sab-
bath school where faithfulness, accuracy, and Christian
courtesy are more necessary than in the work of the sec-
retary. Next to that of the superintendent, no position
in the Sabbath school offers a greater variety of oppor-
tunities for useful service. The secretary becomes the
superintendent's chief helper. By faithfulness and care-
ful attention to details he enables the superintendent to
keep his finger on the pulse of the entire school.
The secretary's duties may be summarized as follows:
1. To report the sessions of the Sabbath school.
2. To distribute to the teachers their weekly supplies,
and gather their class records and offerings.
3. To mark the officers' record card and receive their
offering.
4. To keep a record of the weekly offerings to missions,
the amount of the Thirteenth Sabbath Offering, the
birthday offerings, the Investment Fund, and the ex-
pense money, if the Sabbath school expenses are not in-
cluded in the budget of church expense.
5. To turn over to the church treasurer all Sabbath
school money for missions, also all expense money taken
up in the Sabbath school.
6. To order through the church missionary secretary
the current supplies and special helps agreed upon by
the Sabbath school officers.
7. To keep the minutes of any action agreed upon by

the Sabbath school council committee.
8. To keep all records provided for by Sabbath school
secretaries' Record Book, being sure that all financial
records balance with those of the church treasurer, so
that the report rendered by the church treasurer to the
conference treasurer and the report of the church Sabbath
school secretary to the conference Sabbath school secre-
tary, shall agree.
In case of unavoidable absence, the secretary should
always place the prepared report and necessary supplies
in the hands of his assistant, that the exercises of the
Sabbath school may proceed as usual in his absence.
Sabbath School Offerings.—All Sabbath school offer-
ings are to be turned over to the church treasurer by the
secretary. A careful record of all offerings received
should be kept by the secretary.
The funds should be turned in to the church treasurer's
hands at the earliest possible moment. This insures
against accidental loss. When the home division en-
velopes come in at the end of the quarter, the offerings
should be added to those already received from the school.
Care should be taken in counting the offerings for the
thirteenth Sabbath, keeping them separate from the offer-
ings for the other twelve Sabbaths.
Expense Money.—Many schools take offerings at stated
periods for Sabbath school expense. All such money
should be reported in the minutes, kept separate from the
offerings for missions, and used only for paying Sabbath
school expense, as authorized by the Sabbath school
officers. It is passed on to the church treasurer to be
kept separately by him. In some churches, Sabbath
4
50 Church Manual
school expenses are included in the church budget, the

amount expended for supplies being authorized by the
officers of the school.
The Assistant Secretary.—If the secretary is absent,
the assistant acts in his place. He should be present
at Sabbath school, and ready to assist by doing whatever
the superintendent or the secretary may request of him.
The assistant should occasionally be requested to take
notes and to write the report. He should then read his
own minutes the following Sabbath.
If desired, the assistant may act as secretary of the
teachers' meeting, and report to the secretary any busi-
ness, votes, or recommendations that should be recorded.
The Quarterly Eeport.—This report should be made
out immediately after the last Sabbath of the quarter,
and mailed as soon as possible to the conference Sabbath
school secretary. It should be read before the school the
first Sabbath of the new quarter, and may also be read
at the quarterly business meeting of the church, if de-
sired. The secretary should make the report in duplicate,
retaining a copy for future reference.
The Chorister.—In our larger Sabbath schools a chor-
ister is usually appointed, whose duty it is to lead
the music of the school. He plans with the superintend-
ent for the skillful presentation of this phase of worship
each Sabbath. In some of the largest schools an assist-
ant is also selected.
Only such special music should be provided as will
glorify God in the rendering. The choice of singers
should be as carefully made as for other posts in the
Sabbath school, and each should be measured by the
same standards.
The Organist.—Great care should be exercised in the

selection of the Sabbath school organist, her musical
ability, standard of character, dress, and deportment
being taken into consideration.
The Senior Missionary Volunteer Society *

"Very much has been lost to the cause of truth by a
lack of attention to the spiritual needs of the young."—
"Gospel Workers," p. 207.
"There must be more study given to the problem of how
to deal with the youth, more earnest prayer for the wis-
dom that is needed in dealing with minds."—Id., p. 208.
"When the youth give their hearts to God, our respon
sibility for them does not cease. They must be inter-
ested in the Lord's work, and led to see that He expects
them to do something to advance His cause. It is not
enough to show how much needs to be done, and to
urge the youth to act a part. They must be taught how
to labor for the Master. They must be trained, dis-
ciplined, drilled, in the best methods of winning souls to
Christ. Teach them to try in a quiet, unpretending
way to help their young companions. Let different
branches of missionary effort be systematically laid out,
in which they may take part, and let them be given
instruction and help. Thus they will learn to work for
God."—Id., p. 210.
These earnest words from the Spirit of prophecy set
forth the duty of the church to its young people, and
point the way to success in training them in active serv-
• For a more detailed treatment of this subject, sae

"Missionary Volunteers and Their Work," chapters 6, 7,
and 13-16.
52 Church Mawaal
ice as soul winners. The young people have been ex-

horted in such words as these:
"Will the young men and young women who really
love Jesus organize themselves as workers, not only for
those who profess to be Sabbath keepers, but for those
who are not of our faith l"—Signs of the Times, May 29,
1893.
Objective.—The great objective, then, of our Mission-
ary Volunteer Department, is "to save from sin and
guide in service" the thousands of young people who are
connected with the church or the homes of church mem-
bers. To this end the conferences carry forward active
evangelistic and educational efforts and foster organized
missionary endeavor in behalf of the young. This calls
for the organization of the young people in the churches
into Missionary Volunteer Societies. The aim set before
our youth in this organization is:
"The Advent Message to All the
World in This Generation."
The inspiring motto of this "army of youth" is:
"The Love of Christ Constraineth Us."
A brief outline of both the Senior and the Junior
Missionary Volunteer organizations is given here as a
guide to church officers in fostering this work.
Membership in the Senior Missionary Volunteer So-
ciety.—The conditions of regular membership in the
Senior Missionary Volunteer Society are membership in
the Seventh-day Adventist Church and a willingness to
engage in active service for Christ. The following is the
Senior Membership Pledge, which members take on join-
ing the society:
"Loving the Lord Jesus, I promise to take an active

part in the work of the Young People'S Missionary Vol-
unteer Society, doing what I can to help others and to
finish the work of the gospel in all the world."
In some churches there are young people with Chris-
tian ideals who, although not church members, are inter-
ested in missionary work and desire to help. Such young
people may be accepted into the society as associate mem-
bers by signing the Associate Membership Pledge, which
reads as follows:
"Desiring to obtain the benefit of Christian association
and to co-operate in the work of the Young People's
Society of Misgionary Volunteers, I promise, as an As-
sociate Member, to assist in the society work as far as
by ability and experience will permit."
Associate members may not hold office, but they should
be received cordially into all the society work and into
its bands, and be encouraged to become regular members
as soon as possible.
The Officers of the Senior Society.—The chief factor
in the success of the Missionary Volunteer Society is its
leadership. If the officers are earnest and active Chris-
tians, with initiative and ability to organize and inspire
others, the work will go forward, young people will be
saved and trained in God's service, and the whole church
will be encouraged.
The officers of a Senior Missionary Volunteer Society
are:
Leader
Assistant Leader
Secretary-Treasurer
Assistant Secretary-Treasurer
Devotional Secretary
54 Church Manual
Educational Secretary
Organist
Band Leaders
The principal officers, who are the leader, assistant
leader, secretary-treasurer, and assistant secretary-treas-
urer, are elected by the church for a period of one year.
This length of term seems necessary to give continuity
and strength to the work. The other officers, and the
band leaders, are not elected by the church, but are
nominated by the Missionary Volunteer executive com-
mittee and elected by the society. All the officers named
may not be needed in a small society, and more may be
needed in some large societies. Usually in the small
societies, and sometimes in the average society, the four
chief officers carry such responsibilities as are given to
the devotional and educational secretaries, and such so-
cieties more often operate as a unit in missionary en-
deavor rather than divide into different working bands.
The Executive Committee.—This committee, with the
society leader as chairman, directs the society in all its
activities. It is composed of:
Society Officers
Band Leaders
Junior Superintendent
Church Missionary Leader or Secretary
Church Elder (or other church officer chosen by
the church)
This committee, which is composed of those who are
chiefly responsible for the welfare of the society, should
meet regularly each week to pray, study, and plan for
the salvation of the young people of the church and the
success of the society. There should be a free discussion
of all the problems connected with the work, so that the

decisions made may represent the combined thought of
all. The executive committee is responsible for the so-
ciety programs, and should make them a powerful factor
in accomplishing all the purposes of the society. The
spirit, consecration, wisdom, and enthusiasm of this com-
mittee will permeate the whole society.
The church elder (or some other church officer ap-
pointed) is a very important member of the executive
committee. He is there to advise and counsel. He should
keep himself well informed on Missionary Volunteer
matters by study, and by counseling with the conference
Missionary Volunteer secretary, and thus help the execu-
tive committee to keep in close touch with the confer-
ence work and the work of the church in all lines.
Leader and Assistant Leader.—First in importance
among the qualifications of the Missionary Volunteer
leader is a genuine Christian experience. He should have
a burden for souls, and an enthusiasm in service that will
be contagious. In addition to spirituality, he should
possess good sense, tact, and persistence. He should be
a capable organizer. He should study carefully the duties
of all the officers, and be able to instruct and lead them.
He should study the needs of the young people of his
church, both society members and those who are not, and
plan ways of setting the Christian young people to work
and of helping those who are not enjoying a Christian
experience. He should also study the needs of the com-
munity in general and the possibilities for missionary en-
deavor.
The leader should keep in close touch with the pastor
or elder of the church and with the conference Mission-
ary Volunteer secretary, that he may know the relation
56 Church Manual
of his society to the plans of the church and of the

conference, and be ready to co-operate with their plans.
When the leader is absent, or when otherwise arranged,
the assistant leader should perform the duties of the
leader. The assistant leader, therefore, must be thor-
oughly acquainted with those duties and with the plans
laid by the society executive committee. He should, of
course, attend all meetings of the executive committee,
and, with the leader, should be considered a member of
all the bands ex officio.
(Detailed instructions to the society leader and assist-
ant leader are given in the manual, "Missionary Volun-
teers and Their Work.")
Secretary-Treasurer and Assistant.—As in the ease of
the leader and other officers, the secretary-treasurer's
first qualification is spirituality. He should know the
Lord, and be able to speak from personal experience in
prayer. He should have a burden for souls which will
make him an earnest, personal worker.
The secretary-treasurer keeps the minutes of all meet-
ings of the society, and of all meetings of the society
executive committee. He should secure for the members
their certificates of membership, and keep a list of the
society members and their addresses.
An important duty of the secretary-treasurer is to
encourage the missionary activities of the society mem-
bers, and secure their weekly missionary reports. When
the society is well organized into bands, the reports may
be gathered by the secretaries of the bands. Sometimes,
especially in small societies, the reports may be given
orally and recorded by the secretary. In churches where
the fifteen-minute service is adopted, the reports of Mis-
sionary Volunteers may be gathered in that service by

the secretary of the Missionary Volunteer Society, if it
is desired to do so. In any case, young people who may
not be able to report in the Missionary Volunteer Society
may report in the church missionary service, marking
their report blank "M. V." or in the Missionary Volun-
teer column, such reports to be received by the secretary
of the Missionary Volunteer Society. Once a month or
once a quarter, according to the plan in the local con-
ference, the report of the society missionary work should
be prepared by the society secretary, and a copy given
to the church missionary secretary.
The secretary-treasurer is the custodian of all the
funds raised by the society. All money for foreign mis-
sions should be turned over to the church treasurer as
soon as possible after it is collected. So also should
money raised by the society for the church. Local society
expense money is paid out only as authorized by the
executive committee of the society. A careful record of
all moneys received and transmitted or paid out should
be kept by the secretary-treasurer, and this account
should be reviewed at least once a quarter by the execu-
tive committee and audited at least once a year by the
church treasurer.
The secretary-treasurer keeps all other records required
in the work of the society.
The report of all society activities is to be sent to the
conference Missionary Volunteer secretary monthly or
quarterly, according to the instructions of the conference
Missionary Volunteer secretary.
The assistant secretary-treasurer assists with the sec-
retary-treasurer's work as may be mutually arranged,
and acts in the absence of the secretary-treasurer.
58 Church Manual
Other Officers of the Society.—The devotional secre-

tary, educational secretary, leaders of missionary bands,
organist, and chorister, and such other officers as may
be needed in the society, are elected by the society.
Missionary Volunteer Bands.—For thoroughness in
service and for efficiency in training, every Missionary
Volunteer Society (except the very small ones) should
be divided into working bands. Each band should have
a leader and a secretary elected to serve for one year.
The number of bands a society should have depends upon
the size of the society, and upon the community surround-
ing it. The ordinary Missionary Volunteer Society should
have at least three bands organized for regular group
study and work:
The Prayer and Personal Workers' Band
The Christian Help and Gospel Meeting Band
The Literature and Correspondence Band
For the general church campaigns, such as Harvest
Ingathering and Big Week, or for assisting with the dis-
tribution of literature for evangelistic efforts, etc., the
Missionary Volunteer Society is formed into separate
groups to cover the territory, working in close co-opera-
tion with older church members.
The Junior Missionary Volunteer Society *

Object.—The object of the Junior Missionary Volun-
teer Society is to help train and direct our boys and girls
in Christian service, employing and directing in this effort
the natural and proper impulses of the child. The society
* For fuller information in regard to the plans and work

of our Junior Missionary Volunteer Society, see the Junior
Missionary Volunteer Workers' Manual and the Junior Mis-
sionary Volunteer Handbook.
seeks to co-operate with and re-enforce the efforts of

the home, the school, and the church in the development
of the child.
The activities of the Junior Missionary Volunteer So-
ciety may be grouped under four heads: Religious, In-
tellectual, Social, and Physical. They embrace systematic
Bible study, reading courses, promotion of music and
other arts, home and community service, giving to mis-
sions, social gatherings, training in industries in the
home, on the farm, and in the shop, and in various forms
of field craft and youthful recreation. By all these
means the society aims at the creation and maintenance
of the highest ideals of Christian manhood and woman-
hood in the lives of the boys and girls.
Membership.—Children old enough to understand the
purposes of the Junior Missionary Volunteer Society,
and who meet the approval of the local Junior superin-
tendent, may become preparatory members. In Seventh-
day Adventist church schools all pupils are considered
preparatory members. They are given a simple Prepara-
tory Membership Card as a certificate of membership.
When, in the judgment of the Junior Missionary Volun-
teer superintendent, preparatory members are able to
comprehend the ideals of the Junior Missionary Volun-
teer Society, they will memorize and be carefully in-
structed in the Aim, the Motto, the Junior Pledge, and
the Junior Law.
Preparatory members, and others who, in the judgment
of the Junior Missionary Volunteer superintendent, have
a comprehensive knowledge of the Junior Missionary
Volunteer ideals, and have declared their allegiance to
the Junior Pledge and the Junior Law, may become
members.
60 Church, Manual
THE JUNIOR PLEDGE

By the grace of God,
I will be pure and kind and true,
I will keep the Junior Law,
I will be a servant of God and a friend
to man.
THE JUNIOR LAW
The Junior Missionary Volunteer Law is for me to-
1. Keep the Morning Watch.
2. Do my honest part.
3. Care for my body.
4. Keep a level eye.
5. Be courteous and obedient.
6. Walk softly in the sanctuary.
7. Keep a song in my heart.
8. Go on God's errands.
Units.—The society is divided into groups called
"units," consisting of from three to six members, one of
whom is chosen as leader. Each unit is composed either
wholly of boys or wholly of girls. The membership of
the unit should be decided by the superintendent. There
is always real pleasure in associating with others in
study, work, and play, and the fellowship of the unit will
prove a blessing and encouragement to the members.
Progressive Classes.—For the personal development of
members, a series of three classes is offered, with reli-
gious, intellectual, social, and physical standards of ad-
mission. The classes are known as Friends, Companions,
and Comrades. The requirements for one class must be
completed before enrollment for the work leading to the
next class. An insigne in the form of a pin or button
is awarded to those who qualify for each class.
Vocational Honors.—In addition to the requirements

for advancement in the Progressive Classes, there are
offered certain optional courses in practical studies and
work called Vocational Honors. These Vocational Hon-
ors offer definite work along the lines of the child's
special interests, and encourage him to become proficient
in some hobby, rather than dissipate his interests with-
out really accomplishing anything. These Vocational
Honors have great possibilities for character building as
well as in sustaining the child's interest in achievement
and in finding his capabilities for a vocation.
Leadership.—Even more than with Senior young peo
ple, perhaps, success with Juniors depends on proper
leadership. The older persons who are given this respon-
sibility should be deeply spiritual and have hearts full
of love for boys and girls.
The officers of the Junior Missionary Volunteer Society
are:
Superintendent
Assistant Superintendents
Leader
Secretary-Treasurer
Organist
Unit Leaders
The superintendent and assistant superintendents are
elected by the church. In church school societies the
teacher, by virtue of his office, is superintendent, and
should be listed in the election. Two assistants should
be chosen. The secretary-treasurer and the organist are
elected by the society from its members. They are
nominated by a committee appointed by the superintend-
ent, of which he is one. A leader, from the children, is
62 Church Manual
also chosen in the same way, when the superintendent

desires such an officer. The unit leaders are chosen by
the unit members, in counsel with the superintendent.
The Executive Committee.—The executive committee
consists of the officers of the Junior Missionary Volunteer
Society, who, under the direction of the Junior super-
intendent, prepare the programs and make decisions re-
garding the work.
Parents' Societies
"Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before
the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord:
and he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children,
and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come
and smite the earth with a curse." Mal. 4: 5, 6.
"The restoration and uplifting of humanity begins in
the home. The work of parents underlies every other.
Society is composed of families, and is what the heads of
families make it. Out of the heart are 'the issues of
life,' and the heart of the community, of the church, and
of the nation, is the household. The well-being of society,
the success of the church, the prosperity of the nation,
depend upon home influences."—"The Ministry of Heal-
ing," p. S49.
"The child's first teacher is the mother. During the
period of greatest susceptibility and most rapid develop-
ment his education is to a great degree in her hands.
To her first is given opportunity to mold the character
for good or for evil. She should understand the value
of her opportunity, and, above every other teacher,
should be qualified to use it to the best account. Tet
there is no other to whose training so little thought is
given. The one whose influence in education is most

potent and far-reaching is the one for whose assistance
there is the least systematic effort. . . .
"Upon fathers as well as mothers rests a responsibility
for the child's earlier as well as its later training, and
for both parents the demand for careful and thorough
preparation is most urgent. . .
"Never will education accomplish all that it might and
should accomplish until the importance of the parents'
work is fully recognized, and they receive a training for
its sacred responsibilities."—"Education," pp. 275, 276.
The church is deeply interested in the upbuilding of
the Christian home, and therefore it has a great re-
sponsibility for the training of parents, many of whom
lacked such training before marriage, and all of wham
can be benefited by further study and counsel. Parent
education is conducted by the Home Commission of the
General Conference through two types of parents' so-
cieties in the local church. One of these parents'
organizations is the Mothers' Society, which, besides
mothers, may admit other mature women as well; the
second is the Parents' Council, which includes both fa-
thers and mothers. Either or both of these organizations
may be formed in any locality, and their work should
be fostered by the church.
As their study and activities will benefit all parents,
it is to be recommended that they solicit and receive
non-Adventist as well as Adventist members, taking care
at the same time that the plans and activities of the
society shall remain true to our ideals. Full information
concerning organization and study may be obtained by
addressing the Home Commission, at General Conference
headquarters.
64 Church Manual
Leader and Assistant Leader.—The leader of the

Mothers' Society or of the Parents' Council should be
a parent with experience and success in training chil-
dren, one whose mind is open to new ideas, who is apt
to teach, and who believes thoroughly in the importance
of parent education. It is the leader's duty to promote
interest in the work of training parents, and to lead in
the studies outlined by the Home Commission and in all
the activities which the society may undertake.
It is well always to have an assistant leader selected,
who should be given opportunity occasionally to carry
the work of the leader and who may be depended upon
to carry on the work in ease the leader becomes inca-
pacitated. These two officers should be elected in the
regular way by the church. All other officers may be
chosen by the society.
Secretary and Assistant Secretary.—The secretary is
to keep the records of the society, and to make the
specified reports to the Home Commission at the be-
ginning and the close of the year. If the society has
any funds to handle, the secretary may also act as
treasurer. An assistant is needed to substitute either
temporarily or permanently if necessary.
Home and School Association

Purpose.—"The purpose of the association shall be to
study and work for the welfare of the children of the
church:
"First, by a prayerful and systematic study of the
instruction the Lord has given us regarding the education
and training of our children.
"Second, by securing as far as possible the attendance
of every child at one of our own schools.
"Third, by co-operating with the school board in pro-

viding the school with such library, teaching, and general
equipment as will enable the school to meet the standards
of the General Department."—"School Manual," p. 152.
Membership.—"Auy adult member of the church or
patron of the school who is willing to do what he can
to advance the purpose of the association, may become
a member."—Ibid.
Officers.—"The officers of this association shall consist
of a leader, an assistant leader, and a secretary-treas-
urer."—/bid.
Elections.—"The officers shall be elected by the church
in June of each year, and shall enter upon their duties
July 1 following."—Id., p. 153.
Or, if thought desirable, these officers may be elected
at the close of the year in the same manner as other
church officers are elected.
The Dorcas Society

The Dorcas Society is an important feature of church
work. The leader of this society is elected at the regular
church election. This society is composed usually of the
women of the church, who, banded together in this way,
devote their time and talents to the gathering and prep-
aration of clothing and supplies for the poor, needy,
and unfortunate. This organization works in close co-
operation with the deacons and deaconesses of the church.
Speaking of the work of Dorcas and other noble char-
acters of the Bible, the "Testimonies for the Church"
say, "Such patient, prayerful, and persevering fidelity
as was possessed by these saints of God is rare; yet the
church cannot prosper without it."—Vol. V, p. 304.
66 Church Manual
Church Elections
A careful study of the instruction given to the church
regarding the character and the responsibilities of church
officers, will make clear to every one that electing church
officers is an exceedingly important work. This work
should be entered upon in a well-ordered and serious
manner.
Nominating Committee.—It is not the practice in our
churches to elect officers by nominating them from the
floor or by ballot. It is the rule that a nominating
committee be appointed to give careful study to the needs
of the church, and to make careful inquiry into the fitness
of members to serve in the different offices. This com-
mittee should be appointed not later than the first Sab-
bath in December. The minister or pastor in charge
of the church, or in the absence of a minister, the church
elder, should bring the matter to the attention of the
church, and determine how the church desires the com-
mittee to be appointed.
The church board is often authorized by vote of the
church to nominate the nominating committee, such nom-
inations to be voted on by the church. In other cases
the nominating committee is selected by nominations
from the floor, the church voting on the names proposed.
If the latter method is followed, it should be a rule that
no member is entitled to propose more than one name
for this committee. Everything that savors of a po-
litical nature should be avoided. The efforts of one
individual or a small group of individuals to dictate to
the entire membership of the church, should be dis-
couraged.
Who Should Be Members of the Nombtating Com-

mittee.—Only members of the church who are in good
standing should be chosen as members of this committee.
They should be persons of good judgment, and above all
have the welfare and prosperity of the church at heart.
There are no es-officio members of a nominating com-
mittee. The minister in charge of the church may be
chosen as a member of this committee, as his appoint-
ment to the church does not rest upon any action by
the nominating committee. If not elected as a member,
his counsel should be sought by the committee.
Work of the Nominating Co-nonittee.--Immediately fol-

lowing its election, the nominating committee should be
called together by the one chosen to act as chairman.
With earnest prayer for guidance the committee should
begin its work of preparing a list of names to submit to
the church for officers and assistants. In making their
selections, the committee should counsel with others who
are well informed, particularly in the case of officers in
auxiliary organizations, such as the Missionary Volun-
teer Society, the Mothers' Society, the Dorcas Society,
etc. This committee does not nominate pastor or as-
sistant pastor. These appointments are made by the
executive committee of the conference. They do nom-
inate the following:
Elder or Elders
Deacon or Deacons
Deaconess or Deaconesses
Clerk
Treasurer
Missionary Leader
Missionary Secretary
Churgt Manual
Church Chorister
Church Organist
Sabbath School Superintendent
Assistant Sabbath School Superintendent
Sabbath School Secretary
Assistant Sabbath School Secretary
Sabbath School Division Leaders
Sabbath School Chorister (if needed)
Sabbath School Organist (if needed)
Leader of Mothers' Society or Parents' Council
Assistant Leader of Mothers' Society or Parents'
Council
Leader of Dorcas Society
Missionary Volunteer Society Leader
Assistant Missionary Volunteer Leader
Junior Missionary Volunteer Superintendent
Assistant Junior Missionary Volunteer Superin-
tendent
Missionary Volunteer Society Secretary-Treasurer
Assistant Missionary Volunteer Secretary-Treas-
urer
Missionary Volunteer Chorister (if needed)
Missionary Volunteer Organist (if needed)
Church School Board
After all these offices have been filled by suggesting
the names of people who are faithful, loyal members of
the church and who are known to have the ability to
perform the work assigned to them, members of the
nominating committee should visit all such, inform them
of the committee's desire to nominate them for office,
and secure their consent to serve. If any member of
the church desires to appear before the committee during
its sessions to make suggestions or objections, he should
be given every opportunity to do so. After he has retired

from the committee room, his suggestions or objections
should be considered an their merits. When all this has
been done, the committee is ready to report to the church.
Nominating Committee Discussions Are Confidential.—
Nothing could be a greater violation of Christian ethics
and the spirit of the golden rule than for a member of
a nominating committee to repeat outside of a commit-tee
session any report, discussion, or conversation regarding
any member whose name may be under consideration for
any office. To offend in this regard is ample reason for
excluding such a member from participating in the work
of a nominating committee. All inquiries and discus-
sions regarding the fitness of members to hold church
office, should be confidential. If it is necessary that
inquiries be made outside the committee council, the
chairman of the committee should make them.
These principles should apply to the work of all nom-
inating committees, in both church and conference work.
Reporting to the Church.—The nominating committee
renders its report to the church as a whole, and not to
the church board. The church board has no jurisdiction
in these matters. The report of this committee may
be rendered at the Sabbath service or at an especially
called meeting of the church.
Upon completion of its work, the chairman of the
nominating committee should notify the pastor or church
elder that he is ready to report. The election should
be held by the second Sabbath before the close of the
year. This will enable the newly elected officers to be-
come familiar with their duties. At the time of the
election the minister or elder informs the church that
the nominating committee has a report ready for its
70 Church Manual
action. The report is then read to the church and a

motion made for its adoption by considering each name
separately. If no objection is made to the report, the
election should proceed at once by the church voting for
those nominated.
Objecting to the Report of the Nominating Committee.
—It is the right of any member to raise an objection
to any name presented in the nominating committee's
report. Instead of objecting publicly to the name, it is
better to request that the whole report be referred back
to the committee for further consideration. The chair-
man of the committee should then announce when and
where the committee will be in session to hear any one
who has objections to any name. At that time the mem-
ber making the objection, or any other member who
desires to do so, may appear before the committee to
state his objections to any name nominated by the com-
mittee. If the election is deferred on the objection of
any member, it would be a serious matter for him to
fail to appear before the committee. Trivial or ground-
less objections should never be made to any name; but
if there are serious reasons why any nomination should
be changed, these should be stated. The committee
should give due consideration to the objections pre-
sented. If they are found to be justified, the committee
may need to substitute another name for the one objected
to. If the objections are found to be groundless or not
of sufficient importance to exclude the member nominated
from holding church office, the committee again makes
its original report to the church, following which the
church proceeds to vote on the report of the committee.
The election and all other church decisions are carried
by a majority vote.
Section III—Church Membership
God's Purpose for His Church.—"The church is God's
appointed agency for the salvation of men. It was
organized for service, and its mission is to carry the
gospel to the world. From the beginning it has been
God's plan that through His church shall be reflected to
the world His fullness and His sufficiency. The members
of the church, those whom He has called out of darkness
into His marvelous light, are to show forth His glory.
The church is the repository of the riches of the grace
of Christ; and through the church will eventually be
made manifest, even to 'the principalities and powers in
heavenly places,' the final and full display of the love of
God."—"The Acts of the Apostles," p. 9.
The Church Is God's Fortress.—"The church is God's
fortress, His city of refuge, which He holds in a revolted
world. Any betrayal of the church is treachery to Him
who has bought mankind with the blood of His only
begotten Son. From the beginning, faithful souls have
constituted the church on earth. In every age the Lord
has had His watchmen, who have borne a faithful testi-
mony to the generation in which they lived. These
sentinels gave the message of warning; and when they
were called to lay off their armor, others took up the
work. God brought these witnesses into covenant rela-
tion with Himself, uniting the church on earth with the
church in heaven. He has sent forth His angels to min-
ister to His church, and the gates of hell have not
been able to prevail against His people."—Id., p. 11.
71
72 Church, Manual
"Enfeebled and defective as it may appear, the church

is the one object upon which God bestows in a special
sense His supreme regard. It is the theater of His grace,
in which He delights to reveal His power to transform
hearts. . . . God's church is the court of holy life,
filled with varied gifts, and endowed with the Holy Spirit.
The members are to find their happiness in the happiness
of those whom they help and bless. Wonderful is the
work which the Lord designs to accomplish through His
church, that His name may be glorified."—Id., pp. 12, 13.
Membership Rests on a Spiritual Basis.—The serious,
solemn obligations of church membership should be im-
pressed on every one who applies for admittance to the
church. All should be faithfully taught what it means
to become a member of Christ's body. Thorough instruc-
tion on all the great fundamental teachings of the church
should be given every candidate for church membership
before he is baptized and received. It is due every
person seeking admittance to the church that he know
the principles for which the church stands. Only those
giving evidence of having experienced the new birth into
a spiritual experience in the Lord Jesus, are prepared
for acceptance into church membership. Church mem-
bership is a spiritual relationship. It should be entered
into only by those who are converted. In this way only
can the purity and spiritual standing of the church be
maintained. It is the duty of every minister so to in-
struct those who accept the principles of the church that
prospective members will enter the church on that basis.
"As ye have have therefore received Christ the Lord,
so walk ye in Him: rooted and built up in Him, and stab-
lished in the faith, as ye have been taught, abounding
therein with thanksgiving." Col. 2: 6, 7.
Church Membership 73
Baptism a Gospel Requirement.—"Go ye therefore,

and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the
Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: teaching
them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded
you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end
of the world." Matt. 28: 19, 20.
"Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized
every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the
remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the
Holy Ghost." Aets 2: 38.
Baptism a Prerequisite to Church Membership.—"Christ
has made baptism the sign of entrance to His spiritual
kingdom. He has made this a positive condition with
which all must comply who wish to be acknowledged as
under the authority of the Father, the Son, and the
Holy Spirit. Before man can find a home in the church,
before passing the threshold of God's spiritual kingdom,
he is to receive the impress of the divine name, 'The
Lord our Righteousness.' Jer. 23: 6.
"Baptism is a most solemn renunciation of the world.
Those who are baptized in the threefold name of the
Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, at the very entrance
of their Christian life, declare publicly that they have
forsaken the service of Satan, and have become members
of the royal family, children of the heavenly King. They
have obeyed the command, 'Come out from among them,
and be ye separate, . . . and touch not the unclean
thing.' And to them is fulfilled the promise, 'I will receive
you, and will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be My
sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty.' 2 Cor.
6 : 17, 18.
74 Church Manual
"Preparation for Baptism.—There is need of a more

thorough preparation on the part of candidates for bap-
tism. They are in need of more faithful instruction
than has usually been given them. The principles of the
Christian life should be made plain to those who have
newly come to the truth. None can depend upon their
profession of faith as proof that they have a saving
connection with Christ. We are not only to say, be-
lieve,' but to practice the truth. It is by conformity to
the will of God in our words, our deportment, our char-
acter, that we prove our connection with Him."—"Testi-
monies for the Church," Vol. VI, pp. 91, 92.
Public .Examination.—The church has a right to know
concerning the faith and attitude of every individual
applying for church membership. It is proper for a pub-
lic examination of all candidates to be held in the pres-
ence of the church or before the church board, before they
are baptized.
"The test of discipleship is not brought to bear as
closely as it should be upon those who present themselves
for baptism. It should be understood whether they are
simply taking the name of Seventh-day Adventists, or
whether they are taking their stand on the Lord's side,
to come out from the world and be separate, and touch
not the unclean thing. Before baptism, there should be
a thorough inquiry as to the experience of the candidates.
Let this inquiry be made, not in a cold and distant way,
but kindly, tenderly, pointing the new converts to the
Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world.
Bring the requirements of the gospel to bear upon the
candidates for baptism."—/d., pp. 95, 96.
"When they give evidence that they fully understand
their position, they are to be accepted. But when they
show that they are following the customs and fashions

and sentiments of the world, they are to be faithfully
dealt with. If they feel no burden to change their course
of action, they should not be retained. as members of
the church. The Lord wants those who compose His
church to be true, faithful stewards of the grace of
Christ."—"Tesam,ovies to Ministers," p. 128.
Ministers Should Thoroughly Instruct Candidates Pre-
vious to Baptism.—A minister should not present any
candidate for baptism and church membership until he
can thoroughly satisfy the church by a public examination
of the candidate that he has been well instructed and is
ready for such a step. His work is not completed until
he has so thoroughly instructed all the candidates that
they are familiar with all points of the faith, and are
prepared to assume the responsibilities of church mem-
bership. Our churches should insist on the application
of this as a guiding principle in the reception of new
members. One of the best means of giving such instruc-
tion is to organize baptismal classes.
Suggestive Outline for Examiaation.—The following
statement forms a suggestive outline of the principles
to be understood and accepted by candidates for baptism.
This is not in any sense intended to be a formation of a
creed. Its purpose is solely to help workers and church
officers in performing a necessary duty in the examina-
tion of candidates for baptism and church membership.
I. Do you believe in the existence of God as a per-
sonal being, who is our heavenly Father?
2. Do you believe in the Lord Jesus as the eternal Son
of God, and as the Saviour and Redeemer of man-
kind/ Have you fully accepted Him as your per-
76 Church Manual
sonal Saviour, and the salvation He offers through

grace?
3. Do you believe in the Holy Spirit and in His work
in leading to repentance and obedience to all God's
requirements?
4. Do you accept the Bible as the inspired word of
God, and will you study faithfully its teachings and
by the grace of God practice them in your life?
5. Do you believe in conversion as an experience
spoken of by Christ as the new birth?
6. Have you confessed your sins to God, as far as
they have been made known to you; and have you
on your part, as far as in you lies, tried to make
wrongs right with your fellow men?
7. Do you claim by faith in Christ that God for
Christ's sake has forgiven your past sins, and that
He is yours and you are His?
8. So far as you have studied and investigated the
doctrines as taught by the Seventh-day Adventist
denomination, do you believe in and accept them?
9. Do you believe in the second coming of Jesus,
which is taught in the Scriptures as the blessed
hope, and that this event is soon to take place, and
that you should prepare for His coming by being
purified from sin and evil?
10. Recognizing obedience as the fruit of faithful love,
do you believe that all ten of the commandments
as spoken by the Lord are still binding, and by
God's grace will you keep those commandments,
the fourth with the rest, observing as sacred the
seventh-day Sabbath from sundown Friday to sun-
down Saturday?
Church :Membership 77
11. Do you recognize the fact that God claims one tenth
of all our substance as His for the support of His
work in advancing the gospel of Christ; and will
you faithfully render to Him His own—the tithe
and offerings in the support of the world-wide work
of the church?
12. Do you believe that man by nature is mortal, and
that immortality and eternal life come only through
the gospel and are bestowed as the free gift of God
through Christ at His second coming?
13. Do you believe that we are living in the time of the
investigative judgment, which began in 1844, and
that Christ, as our High Priest, is closing His
ministry in the most holy apartment of the heav-
enly sanctuary in preparation for His coming?
14. Do you believe that the closing gospel message is
now going to the world and will be finished in this
generation; and will you use your means, as God
impresses you, your time, and your talents, that
others may be blessed with the light of truth that
has brought blessing and light to you?*
15. Will you seek to build up the interests of the
church by attendance at its meetings and ordi-
nances, and by adding your influence to extend its
work while the church, on their part, exercise their
watchcare over you?
16. Do you understand the principles of Christian
temperance as taught by Seventh-day Adventists,
and will you carry out those principles in your
life, abstaining from the use of intoxicating
* Those conducting Bible classes should make sure that
thorough instruction is given, not only in the points men-
tioned above, but in every other doctrine and phase of pres-
ent truth.
78 Church Manual
liquors, tobacco in all its forms, swine's flesh, and

all other unclean foods and habit-forming drugs?*
17. In matters of dress will you follow the Bible rule
of plainness and simplicity, abstaining from the
wearing of gold as ornaments and costly array, ob-
serving the principles of modesty and Christian
dignity?
18. Do you believe the Bible doctrine of "spiritual
gifts" in the church, and do you believe in the gift
of the Spirit of prophecy which has been mani-
fested in the remnant church through the ministry
and writings of Mrs. E. G. White?
19. Do you believe in baptism by immersion, and is it
your desire, by going forward in this ordinance,
to manifest your faith in the saving grace of the
Lord Jesus Christ?
20. Do you, by going forward in baptism, thus declare
that from henceforth you will have no part in
such soul-destroying amusements as card playing,
theater going, dancing, and all other entertain-
ments and amusements which tend to deaden and
destroy the spiritual life and perceptions?
21. Will you submit to the decisions of the body of
the church in matters of church discipline?
Mode of Baptism.—Seventh-day Adventists believe in

baptism by immersion, and practice this mode only.
When a person has reached a sufficient age to realize
his lost state as a sinner, sincerely repents of his sins,
and experiences conversion, he may, if otherwise in-
* In preparing candidates for baptism, instruction should

be given as to the harmful effects of such condiments as tea,
coffee, and other harmful beverages.
strueted, as provided above, be considered a proper can-

didate for baptism.
Baptismal Ceremony.—At this ceremony the deacons
should make the necessary preparation and assist the male
candidates into and out of the baptismal pool or stream.
The deaconesses should assist all female candidates.
Care should be exercised in seeing that proper attire is
provided for all candidates. Robes of heavy black or
white material are preferable. If such are not available,
the candidates should be instructed to dress in such a
manner that they will be modestly attired.
Receiving Members Who Are Unknown.—The practice
of baptizing converts at the close of an effort and passing
a list of their names in to some church for admittance
as members, is not in harmony with the approved usages
of the church. In many cases such persons are absent,
and do not even know they have been voted into church
membership. Often when visited by the pastor or elders
of the church, they are found to be uninstructed and en-
tirely unprepared for church membership, and in some
cases not in harmony with the principles of the church.
This practice leads to grave abuses, and cannot be
sanctioned. The church should refuse to receive as new
members any persons unknown to the church, or in the
absence of the person applying for membership. A min-
ister should not ask a church to receive members on his
personal recommendation alone. In preparing for the
baptism of his converts, a minister should, if he expects
a church to receive these people as members, invite the
pastor or elders to become acquainted with his converts,
and to visit his baptismal classes and take part in the
examination of the candidates. Thus they will be able to
80 Church Manual
certify to the church that the prospective members are

ready to be received. This general procedure should not
apply in the case of isolated believers who wish to unite
with the conference church.
Welcoming New Members.—The practice of formally
welcoming new members by extending the right hand of
fellowship on the occasion of their admittance to the
church, is to be highly commended. This should be done
by the pastor or elder in behalf of the entire church.
Transf erring Church Membership.—When a church
member moves from one locality to another for a period
of longer than six months, he should make immediate
application for a letter of transfer to the church nearest
his new place of residence. Such letters are valid for
three months from date of issue, and unless acted upon
within that time are void.
Method of Granting Church Letters.—Application for
a letter should be made to the clerk of the church
with which the member desires to unite. The clerk then
sends the request to the clerk of the church from which
the member desires to be transferred. On receiving this,
the clerk brings the request to the pastor, if he is an
ordained minister, or to the church elder, who in turn
lays the request before the church board. After due
consideration, the board recommends to the church that
such letter be granted. The pastor or elder then brings
the recommendation to the attention of the church,
announcing that this is the first reading. Final ac-
tion is then deferred one week, when the request is
again presented to the church and a vote of the church
is taken. The purpose of deferring action is to give
any other member opportunity in the meantime to
object to the granting of the letter if he knows of

any valid reason for withholding it. This objection
should not ordinarily be publicly stated, but should
be lodged with the pastor or elder, whose duty it
is to call the church board to consider the objection.
The objector should be given opportunity to appear
before the board to state his objections. If they are
not based on. valid grounds, he should be admonished
to withdraw his objections. On the other hand, if they
are based on valid grounds, it is the duty of the church
board to institute such investigations as may be needed.
In such a ease the final action on granting the letter is
deferred until the investigation has cleared up the matter.
If there are personal differences, every effort should be
made to effect reconciliation. If public offenses are in-
volved, disciplinary measures may be called for. If there
is some spiritual lapse, efforts should be made to restore
the member in question. Final action in granting the
letter should be taken when it can truly be certified that
the applicant is in good and regular standing.
Clerk to Make Out Letter.—When the church has by
vote granted the letter of transfer, the church clerk
fills out the regular form used for this purpose, and
forwards it to the clerk of the church which the member
proposes to join. The clerk of this church passes the
letter to the pastor or church elder, who presents it
first to the church board for recommendation, after
which the request is presented to the church at its next
regular service. It is then laid over for one week, and
final action is then taken by vote accepting the person
into membership. The clerk of the receiving church
then writes the member's name in the church roll, with
6
82 Church Manual
the date of admittance. The clerk also fills out the

return portion of the church letter, certifying that the
member has been accepted, and sends it back to the
clerk of the church from which the member was trans-
ferred.
Membership During Interval of Transfer.—Under no
circumstances shall the clerk of the church granting the
letter remove the member's name from the church roll
until the return certificate of the letter has been received,
certifying that the member has been voted into the fel-
lowship of the receiving church. To follow any other
plan is to deprive the person of church membership
during the period of transfer, and is an unwarranted
proceeding that should never be countenanced under any
circumstances. The clerk, the elder, the minister, and the
conference president are all responsible for seeing that
the above plan is uniformly adhered to in all the churches.
Counted in Statistical Reports.—At the end of the
quarter and of the year, when church statistical reports
are made up, all members to whom letters have been
granted, but whose return certificates have not been re-
ceived, are to be counted in the membership of the church
granting the letters. When the return certificate has
been received, certifying, that the member has been
accepted by the receiving church, the name is then to
be dropped from the list of the granting church, and
deducted from the next quarterly statistical report. The
receiving church will place the name on their roll, and the
member will be included in their next quarterly report.
If Member Is Not Accepted.—The church to whom the
letter of transfer is addressed is under no obligation to
receive the member if they know of any good and suffi-
dent reason why they should not extend the privilege

of membership. In case they do not receive the member,
the church clerk should return the letter to the granting
church, with a full explanation of the reasons. The per-
son's membership then rests just where it was before
the request for transfer was made, namely, with the
granting church. The member should co-operate with
the church in clearing up any questions that arise out
of the other church's refusing to receive him as a member.
No Letters to Members Under Discipline.—In no ease
should a church vote a letter of transfer to a member
who is under censure or the discipline of the church.
To do so would be a violation of the spirit of the golden
rule.
Letters Only to Those in Good and Regular Standing.
—Church letters are granted only to those members who
are in good and regular standing. All indorsements on
church letters noting exceptions to this rule are out of
order. Any church that votes a letter to a member, and
then makes a notation on the letter calling attention to
some point on which the member fails, thereby confesses
its own weakness and slackness in properly looking after
the spiritual welfare of its members, and in exercising
proper discipline where a member is not living up to
his membership vows. Proper labor should be bestowed
on the member, thus helping him to the spiritual experi-
ence where the church can vote him a letter without any
disqualifying notations.
Voting Letters Without Member's Approval.--In no
case should a church vote a letter of transfer contrary
to the desires or without the request of the member in
question. Nor is any other church bound to accept into
84 Church Manual
membership any member by letter granted under such

circumstances.
Church membership is the personal relationship of
an individual to the body of Christ. The church should
recognize this relationship, and avoid anything that
appears like an arbitrary action.
On the other hand, the member is under obligation to
recognize the welfare of the church, and to make every
effort to relieve the church of the burdens incident to
absentee members. It is his duty cheerfully and heartily
to co-operate in every way to remove such burdens by
requesting a letter of transfer in case of removal.
Church Boards Cannot Grant Letters.—A church board
does not have authority to vote letters of transfer or to
receive members from other churches by accepting their
letters. Their powers in this matter are limited to
recommending to the church either the granting of letters
or the receiving of the same from other churches. The
clerk has no authority to drop or add names to the church
roll, except following a vote of the church. In case
of the death of a member, no action is necessary in
dropping the name, the clerk simply recording the fact.
Conference Church.—Isolated members should unite
with the conference church, which is a body organized
for the benefit of scattered believers who are otherwise
without church privileges. Aged and infirm members
who live adjacent to local church organizations should be
members of the local church. It is the duty and respon-
sibility of the local churches to minister to such people.
They should not be transferred to the conference church,
as it is not designed to function in the field occupied
by the local churches.
The conference officers are the officers of the conference

church, and the conference committee acts on all matters
pertaining to receiving and dismissing members.
Receiving Members on Profession of Faith.—Great
care should be exercised in receiving members on pro-
fession of faith, especially if they have formerly been
members of some other church in the denomination. In-
stances are not lacking of persons disfellowshiped from
some church later presenting themselves to other churches
for membership on profession of faith. Without confess-
ing their wrongs or making amends in any way, they thus
find their way back into the church, and the whole intent
and purpose of church discipline is outraged and set at
naught.
When a person applies for membership on profession
of faith, earnest inquiries should be made concerning
his former experiences. The church officers should seek
the advice and help of the conference president. Suffi-
cient time should be taken to extend the investigation
as far as needed to reveal all the facts. If it is found
that the member has been disfellowshiped from another
church, he should be counseled to seek reinstatement in
membership with that church. After this has been
done, he may, if now living a consistent Christian life,
be granted a letter to unite with the church nearest his
place of residence.
In case a person applies for membership on profession
of faith, and it is found that he is still a member of
some other church in the denomination, no steps should
be taken to receive him until the church holding his
membership grants him a letter of transfer. If the
church refuses to grant such a letter, and the member
feels he is unjustly denied a letter, he can appeal to the
86 Church Manual
conference committee of the conference where his mem-

bership is held. The church or conference committee
where his membership is held are the proper ones to de-
cide whether his past conduct has been such that he is
entitled to a church letter and to church membership.
Following such a course will result in a higher apprecia-
tion of the sacredness of church membership, and in
wrongs being made right where called for.
Establishing Tests of Fellowship.—A minister, an in-
dividual church, or a conference does not have the au-
thority to set up or establish tests of fellowship for the
denomination. This authority rests with the entire church
body, and is exercised through the regularly constituted
organization of the church in the General Conference.
"God is leading out a people, not a few separate in-
dividuals, here and there, one believing this thing,
another that. Angels of God are doing the work com-
mitted to their trust. The third angel is leading out and
purifying a people, and they should move with him
unitedly. Some run ahead of the angels that are leading
this people; but they have to retrace every step, and
meekly follow no faster than the angels lead."—"Testi-
monies for the Church," Vol. I, p. 207.
No Retired Membership List.—Experience has demon-
strated the wisest course for all our churches to follow
in recording their membership lists. There should be
only one list. Under no circumstances should the prac-
tice of keeping a retired list be sanctioned or followed.
The church roll should contain the names of all members.
Names should be added to this list only on the vote of
the church following profession of faith or baptism or
letter.
Church M entb ership 87
Names should be dropped from the list only on a vote

of the church by granting letters of transfer, or by dis-
fellowshiping, except in the case of deceased members,
whose names should be dropped by the clerk recording
the date of their death in the proper column in the church
record.
Rebnptising Former Members.—Where members have
fallen away in apostasy and have lived in such a manner
that the faith and principles of the church have been
publicly violated, they should, in case of reconversion
and application for church membership, enter the church
as in the beginning, by baptism.
It is not the practice of the church to require baptism
on the part of those coming to us from other churches
who have already been baptized by immersion and who
have lived consistent Christian lives in harmony with the
light they then had, unless they should themselves desire
to be rebaptized. However, it is recommended that in
all cases rebaptism would be desirable.
Section DT—Church Discipline
Dealing With Erring Members.—"Moreover if thy
brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his
fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee,
thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear
thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the
mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be
established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell
it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church,
let him be unto thee as a heathen man and a publican.
Verily I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth
shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose
on earth shall be loosed in heaven." Matt. 18: 15-18.
Instruction, on Administering Church Discipline.—"In
dealing with erring church members, God's people are
carefully to follow the instruction given by the Saviour
in the eighteenth chapter of Matthew.
"Human beings are Christ's property, purchased by
Him at an infinite price, bound to Him by the love that
He and His Father have manifested for them. How
careful, then, we should be in our dealing with one
another! Men have no right to surmise evil in regard
to their fellow men. Church members have no right to
follow their own impulses and inclinations in dealing
with fellow members who have erred. They should not
even express their prejudices regarding the erring; for
thus they place in other minds the leaven of evil. Reports
unfavorable to a brother or sister in the church are com-
municated from one to another of the church members.
88
Church Discipline 89
Mistakes are made and injustice is done because of an

unwillingness on the part of some one to follow the
directions given by the Lord Jesus.
" 'If thy brother shall trespass against thee,' Christ
declared, to and tell him his fault between thee and him
alone.' Matt. 18: 15. Do not tell others of the wrong.
One person is told, then another, and still another; and
continually the report grows, and the evil increases, till
the whole church is made to suffer. Settle the matter
`between thee and him alone.' This is God's plan. 'qo
not forth hastily to• strife, lest thou know not what to
do in the end thereof, when thy neighbor hath put thee
to shame. Debate thy cause with thy neighbor himself;
and discover not a secret to another.' Prov. 25: 8, 9.
Do not suffer sin upon your brother; but do not expose
him, and thus increase the difficulty, making the reproof
seem like a revenge. Correct him in the way outlined
in the word of God.
S eele, Reconciliation.—"Do not suffer resentment to
ripen into malice. Do not allow the wound to fester and
break out in poisoned words, which taint the minds of
those who hear. Do not allow bitter thoughts to continue
to fill your mind and his. Go to your brother, and in
humility and sincerity talk with him about the matter.
"Whatever the character of the offense, this does not
change the plan that God has made for the settlement
of misunderstandings and personal injuries. Speaking
alone and in the spirit of Christ to the one who is in
fault will often remove the difficulty. Go to the erring
one, with a heart filled with Christ's love and sympathy,
and seek to adjust the matter. Reason with him calmly
and quietly. Let no angry words escape your lips. Speak
90 Church Manual
in a way that will appeal to his better judgment. Re-

member the words, 'He which converteth the sinner from
the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and
shall hide a multitude of sins.' James 5: 20.
"Take to your brother the remedy that will cure the
disease of disaffection. Do your part to help him. For
the sake of the peace and unity of the church, feel it a
privilege as well as a duty to do this. If he will hear you,
you have gained him as a friend.
"All heaven is interested in the interview between the
one who has been injured and the one who is in error.
As the erring one accepts the reproof offered in the love
of Christ, and acknowledges his wrong, asking forgiveness
from God and from his brother, the sunshine of heaven
fills his heart. The controversy is ended; friendship and
confidence are restored. The oil of love removes the
soreness caused by the wrong. The Spirit of God binds
heart to heart; and there is music in heaven over the
union brought about.
"As those thus united in Christian fellowship offer
prayer to God, and pledge themselves to deal justly, to
love mercy, and to walk humbly with God, great blessing
comes to them. If they have wronged others, they con-
tinue the work of repentance, confession, and restitu-
tion, fully set to do good to one another. This is the
fulfilling of the law of Christ.
" Tut if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one
or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses
every word may be established.' Matt. 18: 16. Take
with you those who are spiritually minded, and talk with
the one in error in regard to the wrong. He may yield
to the united appeals of his brethren. As he sees their
agreement in the matter, his mind may be enlightened.
" 'And if he shall neglect to hear them,' what then shall

be done? Shall a few persons in a board meeting take
upon themselves the responsibility of disfellowshiping the
erring one? `If he neglects to hear them, tell it unto
the church.' Matt. 18: 17. Let the church take action
in regard to its members.
" 'But if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto
thee as a heathen man and a publican.' Matt. 18: 17.
If he will not heed the voice of the church, if he refuses
all the efforts made to reclaim him, upon the church
rests the responsibility of separating him from fellow-
ship. His name should then be stricken from the books.
"No church officer should advise, no committee should
recommend, nor should any church vote, that the name
of a wrong doer shall be removed from the church books,
until the instruction given by Christ has been faithfully
followed. When this instruetion has been followed, the
church has cleared herself before God. The evil must
then be made to appear as it is, and must be removed,
that it may not become more and more widespread. The
health and purity of the church must be preserved, that
she may stand before God unsullied, clad in the robes
of Christ's righteousness.
"If the erring one repents and submits to Christ's dis-
cipline, he is to be given another trial. And even if he
does not repent, even if he stands outside the church,
God's servants still have a work to do for him. They
are to seek earnestly to win him to repentance. And
however aggravated may have been his offense, if he
yields to the striving of the Holy Spirit, and by confess-
ing and forsaking his sin, gives evidence of repentance,
he is to be forgiven and welcomed to the fold again. His
brethren are to encourage him in the right way, treating
92 Church Manual
him as they would wish to be treated were they in his

place, considering themselves, lest they also be tempted.
" 'Verily I say unto you,' Christ continued, 'whatsoever
ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and
whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in
heaven.' Matt. 18: 18.
"This statement holds its force in all ages. On the
church has been conferred the power to act in Christ's
stead. It is God's instrumentality for the preservation
of order and discipline among His people. To it the
Lord has delegated the power to settle all questions
respecting its prosperity, purity, and order. Upon it
rests the responsibility of excluding from its fellowship
those who are unworthy, who by their un-Christlike con-
duct would bring dishonor on the truth. Whatever the
church does that is in accordance with the directions
given in God's word will be ratified in heaven.
"Matters of grave import come up for settlement by
the church. God's ministers, ordained by Him as guides
of His people, after doing their part, are to submit the
whole matter to the church, that there may be 'unity
in the decision made.
"The Lord desires His followers to exercise great care
in dealing with one another. They are to lift up, to
restore, to heal. But there is to be in the church no neg-
lect of proper discipline. The members are to regard
themselves as pupils in a school, learning how to form
characters worthy of their high calling In the church
here below God's children are to be prepared for the
great reunion in the church above. Those who here live
in harmony with Christ may look forward to an endless
life in the family of the redeemed."—"Testinnonies for
the Church," Vol. VII, pp. 260-264.
The Authority of the Church.—"The world's Redeemer

has invested great power with His church. He states the
rules to be applied in cases of trial with its members.
After He has given explicit directions as to the course
to be pursued, He says, 'Verily I say unto you, Whatso-
ever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven;
and whatsoever [in church discipline] ye shall loose on
earth shall be loosed in heaven.' Thus even the heavenly
authority ratifies the discipline of the church in regard
to its members, when the Bible rule has been followed.
"The word of God does not give license for one man to
set up his judgment in opposition to the judgment of the
church, neither is he allowed to urge his opinions against
the opinions of the church. If there were no church dis-
cipline and government, the church would go to frag-
ments; it could not hold together as a body."—Id.,
III, p. 428.
Church Responsible for Dealing With ,Sin.—"God holds

His people, as a body, responsible for the sins existing
in individuals among them. If the leaders of the church
neglect to diligently search out the sins which bring the
displeasure of God upon the body, they become respon-
sible for these sins."—Id., p. 269.
"He would teach His people that disobedience and sin
are exceedingly offensive to Him, and are not to be
lightly regarded. He shows us that when His people are
found in sin, they should at once take decided measures
to put that sin from them, that His frown may not rest
upon them all. But if the sins of the people are passed
over by those in responsible positions, His frown will be
upon them, and the people of God, as a body, will be held
responsible for those sins.
94 Church Manual
"In His dealings with His people in the past, the Lord
shows the necessity of purifying the church from wrongs.
One sinner may diffuse darkness that will exclude the
light of God from the entire congregation. When the
people realize that darkness is settling upon them, and
they do not know the cause, they should seek God ear-
nestly, in great humility and self-abasement, until the
wrongs which grieve His Spirit are searched out and
put away."—Id., p. 265.
"If wrongs are apparent among His people, and if the
servants of God pass on indifferent to them, they virtually
sustain and justify the sinner, and are alike guilty, and
will just as surely receive the displeasure of God; for
they will be made responsible for the sins of the guilty.
In vision I have been pointed to many instances where
the displeasure of God has been incurred by a neglect
on the part of His servants to deal with the wrongs and
sins existing among them. Those who have excused these
wrongs have been thought by the people to be very
amiable and lovely in disposition, simply because they
shunned to discharge a plain Scriptural duty. The task
was not agreeable to their feelings; therefore they
avoided it."—Id., p. 266.
Unconsecrated Resist Church Discipline.—"There are
many who do not have the discretion of Joshua, and who
have no special duty to search out wrongs, and to deal
promptly with the sins existing among them. Let not
such hinder those who have the burden of this work upon
them; let them not stand in the way of those who have
this duty to do. Some make it a point to question, and
doubt, and find fault, because others do the work that
God has not laid upon themselves. These stand directly
in the way to hinder those upon whom God has laid the
burden of reproving and correcting prevailing sins, that
His frown may be turned away from His people. Should
a case like Aehan's be among us, there are many who
would accuse those who might act the part of Joshua in
searching out the wrong, of having a wicked, faultfind-
ing spirit. God is not to be trifled with, and His
warnings disregarded with impunity by a perverse people.
"I was shown that the manner of Aehan's confession
was similar to the confessions that some among us have
made and will make. They hide their wrongs, and refuse
to make a voluntary confession, until God searches them
out, and then they acknowledge their sins. A few per-
sons pass 011 in a course of wrong, until they become
hardened. They may even know that the church is bur-
dened, as Achan knew that Israel were made weak before
their enemies because of his guilt. Yet their consciences
do not condemn them. They will not relieve the church
by humbling their proud, rebellious hearts before God,
and putting away their wrongs. God's displeasure is
upon His people, and He will not manifest His power
in the midst of them while sins exist among them, and are
fostered by those in responsible positions.
"Those who work in the fear of God to rid the church
of hindrances, and to correct grievous wrongs, that the
people of God may see the necessity of abhorring sin, and
may prosper in purity, and that the name of God may be
glorified, will ever meet with resisting influences from the
uneonsecrated."—Id., pp. 270, 271.
Rules and Regulations Necessary.—"Brethren, never
allow any one's ideas to unsettle your faith in regard to
the order and harmony which should exist in the church.
96 Church Manual
. . . The God of heaven is a God of order, and He

requires all His followers to have rules and regulations,
and to preserve order."—Id., Vol. V, p. 271.
Disfellowshiping Members
At Properly Called Meetings.—Members may be dis-
fellowshiped from the church at any regular or properly
called meeting of the church, provided such meeting is
presided over by the local church elder, if ordained, or
by an ordained minister.
Church Board Cannot Disfellowship.—The church
board may recommend to the church the dropping of a
member, but under no circumstances does a church board
have the right to disfellowship a member. The clerk of
the church can remove a name from the church rolls only
on a vote of the church, excepting in the case of the
death of a member.
Majority Vote.—Members may be disfellowshiped from
the church or otherwise disciplined by a majority vote of
the members present at any regular or properly called
meeting. "The majority of the church is a power which
should control its individual members."—Id., p. 107.
Members Not to Be Conditionally Disfellowshiped.—
Discipline may be administered by a vote of censure and
by disfellowshiping. A vote to censure a member should
not carry any provision for severance of church relation-
ship in case the member fails to comply with any con-
ditions imposed. Proper inquiry should be made at the
expiration of a period of censure, to ascertain whether
the member under discipline has changed his course. If
it becomes apparent that he has not, a new action to
Chwrch Discipline 97
disfellowship may then be taken. An action of this kind

becomes effective when voted by the church without re-
gard to time limits or conditions.
Bight of the Member to Be Heard in His Own Defense.
—It is a fundamental principle of justice that every
member has the right to be heard in his own defense,
and to introduce evidence and produce witnesses in his
own behalf. No church should vote to disfellowship a
member under circumstances that deprive a member of
this right, if he chooses to exercise it. Due notice should
be given by the church to members under discipline, of
intention to try their cases, thus giving them opportunity
to appear in their own behalf.
Members Absent and Not Reporting.—It is a serious
thing for a church member to regard the obligations of
church membership so lightly that he can absent him-
self for indefinite periods and make no report of his
faith and hope to the church. After an absence of two
years such a member may be dropped from the rolls
of the church by a vote of the church, provided the church
officers can certify that they have faithfully endeavored
to locate and encourage the absent member, but without
success. The clerk should record in the proper column,
"Whereabouts Unknown. Dropped by Vote."
Members Not to Be Dropped for Nonattendance on
Account of Age or Infirmities.—Under no circumstances
does a church have a right to drop a member from the
rolls of the church because of nonattendance on account
of age or physical infirmities. Such members should
receive the tender care and encouragement of the church
by frequent visitation and such other help as is the duty
of the church to render.
7
98 Church Manual
Members Not to Be Dropped for Pecuniary Reasons.

—A member should never be dropped from the church
rolls on account of his inability to render financial help
to any of the causes of the church. Such a course makes
church membership rest on a financial rather than a
spiritual basis. It is the duty of every member to sup-
port the work of the church in a financial way to the very
extent of his ability, but he should never be deprived of
his membership simply through inability to contribute.
Disfellowshiping Members on Their Own Request.—
Great care should be exercised in dealing with members
who request that their own names be dropped from
church membership. Ample time should be given such
members for sober thought and reflection, and every
effort made to restore them to a satisfactory experience.
Reinstating Disfellowshiped Members.—Persons dis-
f ellowshiped from the church should be received again
into membership when confession of wrongs committed
is made and evidence is given of real repentance, and it
is clear that the member will fully submit to church order
and discipline. Such reinstatement should be in the
church from which the member was dismissed. No
church should at any time receive into membership a
person who is under the discipline of another church.
Such a course condones the offense that another church
has disciplined for, and is not in keeping with the spirit
of the golden rule. If church vows have been broken by
the member, rebaptism should precede reinstatement.
Right of Appeal for Reinstatement.—In cases where a
church refuses to consider the application of an expelled
member for reinstatement, such an individual has a right
to appeal to the church for a hearing. The church should
not neglect or refuse to grant such a hearing. If it does,

the individual has a right to appeal to the conference
committee of the conference in which the church is lo-
cated, for a hearing. If, after a full and impartial hear-
ing, the conference committee is satisfied that an in-
justice is being done a person by the church, the com-
mittee may recommend his reinstatement in the church;
and if he is refused membership, then the committee may
recommend him to membership in some other church.
On the other hand, if they find good grounds for sus-
taining the church in refusing to reinstate the member,
they will so record in their decision. The' ease then
rests with such a decision.
_Reasons for Which Members May Be Disf ellowshiped.—
To cut off a member from fellowship with the church,
which is the body of Christ, is always a very serious
matter. This is the extreme measure that can be meted
out by the church. Only after all efforts have been made
to turn an erring member from his evil ways, should this
means of discipline be used. Members can be disfellow-
shiped only by a majority vote of those present and
voting at any regular Sabbath morning service or any
properly called business meeting of the church.
There are a number of reasons for which members may
be disfellowshiped. These reasons may be summed up as
follows:
1. Loss of faith in the fundamentals of the gospel and
the cardinal teachings of the church, or teaching doctrines
contrary to the same.
2. Open violation of the law of God, such as worship
of idols, adultery, fornication, stealing, swearing, Sab-
bath breaking, willful and habitual falsehood, fraud or
100 Church Manual
willful misrepresentation in business, disorderly conduct,

which brings reproach upon the cause, and the remarriage
of a divorced person, except the innocent party in a
divorce for adultery.*
3. Refusing to recognize church authority or to submit
to the order and discipline of the church.
4. The use of alcoholic liquors, or aiding and abetting
in their manufacture or sale, and the use of tobacco.
Vote of Censure.—In the administration of church
discipline, it is sometimes necessary to deal with erring
members whose conduct is such that they must be placed
under the disapproval of the church. The offense may
not be serious enough to merit the expulsion of the mem-
ber from the fellowship of the church. Consequently a
vote to place the member under censure may be taken. A
vote of censure is usually for a stated time, as for one,
three, or six months. At the expiration of the time
specified, the experience of the member under discipline
should be inquired into. If his conduct is satisfactory,
he may then be considered as being in good standing
without any further action. If he has not changed his
course, his case should be again considered and such
discipline administered as the ease requires.
Lawyers Representiing Members.—The work of the
church, in its administration of order and discipline, is
an ecclesiastical function, and in no sense has to do with
civil or legal procedure; therefore the church does not
* In cases involving church discipline for remarriage of

divorced members, great care should be exercised by church
officers. In view of the fact that the denomination has not
heretofore had a written statement regarding this matter, it
is not expected that the application of this policy shall be
made retroactive.
recognize the right of any member to bring into any

church meeting or council called to administer order or
discipline or for the transaction of any business relating
to the church, a lawyer to represen"c him in such a meeting
or council. The church may exclude from any of its
meetings any lawyer appearing for such a purpose. The
church may also exclude all nonmembers from any church
meeting or council called for the administration of church
order or discipline, except as they may be called as wit-
nesses.
Church Trials.—It should always be borne in mind that

the primary purpose of all church discipline is to bring
about the spiritual restoration of the erring. Before a
church trial is entered upon, every effort should be
made to help the offending member to find his way back
to a satisfactory experience. After all such efforts fail,
the church should exercise its divinely appointed author-
ity in the administration of discipline.
The proper method to be followed is for any one
possessing facts concerning the case to lay these before
the minister, if he is ordained or authorized by the con-
ference committee to deal with such matters, or before
the church elders. If the charge concerns a personal of-
fense, the minister or elders should take no notice of the
matter until the accuser gives satisfactory evidence that
he has fully complied with the Master's instruction in
Matthew 18: 15-17. The minister and elders should then
endeavor to adjust the matters in controversy. After
such efforts have failed, the offending member should
be brought to trial. Counsel should be sought from con-
ference officers as to the proper procedure in bringing
about the church trial.
102 Church Manual
Disbanding Churches
Churches may be disbanded for the following reasons:
Defunct.—Where a church becomes defunct through the
loss of its members, the conference committee should take
action recommending the disbanding of such a church.
Any remaining members may be transferred to other
churches by the following methods:
If enough members remain for the calling of a meet-
ing, to be presided over by the local elder, if ordained,
or by an ordained minister, they may vote letters of
transfer to all remaining members who are in good and
regular standing, to unite with other churches.
If such a meeting cannot be held, the conference com-
mittee has the authority to recommend such members in
good and regular standing to other churches or to the con-
ference church.
On disbanding a defunct church, all its books and
records should be turned over to the secretary of the con-
ference.
If there are members of defunct churches who at the
time of disbanding are under discipline or cannot be
granted letters as being in good and regular standing,
a careful record should be made of such cases and turned
over to the secretary of the conference, and every effort
made to help such persons to a satisfactory Christian
experience, whereupon letters should be granted them.
If they cannot be helped and reclaimed, they should be
dropped by vote of the conference committee.
Uniting Churches.—When it is advisable to unite two
churches, the conference committee should take action
recommending such a course. One or the other of the
two organizations may, at a properly called meeting, pre-
sided over by the local elder, if ordained, or by an

ordained minister, vote to disband and to unite with the
other church. For such an action to carry there should
be a majority vote. The other church should, also by a
majority action, vote to receive the membership of the
disbanding church. In such eases the entire membership
is transferred. The united body becomes responsible for
the order and discipline of all the members. It is not
permissible under such circumstances to drop a member
by failing to transfer him. If any member is unworthy
and subject to discipline, he should be dealt with as pro-
vided for in such cases. The books and records of the
disbanded church should be turned over to the proper
officers of the united church, and become a part of the
records of the united body.
Disciplinary Reasons.—The occasions for disbanding

churches for disciplinary reasons are so rare as to be al-
most negligible. Such a course should be resorted to only
in extreme cases. Such action should be taken only after
careful study has been given to such a proposal by the
conference committee. If in their judgment such action
is warranted, they should record in their minutes a
properly prepared recommendation, together with a state-
ment of the reasons for such action. This in turn should
be presented to a full meeting of the union conference
committee for their study and recommendation. Follow-
ing this the matter is referred to the church in question,
which votes upon it. The action to disband should be
by a majority vote of the church. The authority of the
conference committee in such cases is limited to recom-
mending that a church be disbanded; it has no authority
to disband a church.
104 Church Manual
In cases where an entire church or the majority of the

members have apostatized, or are in rebellion, or refuse
to submit to order and discipline, it is the duty of the
conference committee to present a full statement of the
facts to the ensuing session of the conference, after
which, by a majority vote, the conference in session may
expel the offending church from the sisterhood of
churches making up the conference.
If in the membership of a disbanded or expelled
church there are loyal and worthy members who desire
to remain with the body, they may be organized into a
new church, or by vote of the conference committee may
be recommended for membership in-some other church.
Conference Session to Act in All Cases.—In all cases
of disbanding churches for whatever reason, the ensuing
conference session should take action dropping the church
from the list of churches making up the conference, and
record in their minutes the reasons for disbanding.
Section V—Organizations for Holding
Church Properties; Suggestions Re-
garding Wills, Annuities, Etc.
Orgonvizations Under the Law.—From the early days
of the organized existence of the Seventh-day Adventist
denomination, the plan has been followed of forming
organizations under the law for the purpose of holding
church properties belonging to the denomination. These
incorporated organizations are formed by the confer-
ence organizations. The delegates to the regular con-
ference sessions constitute the delegates to the sessions
of the legal organization. The delegates elect a board
of trustees, who carry on the business of the organiza-
tion. Such corporations are formed under the laws of
the states or countries in which our work is conducted.
While these laws vary somewhat, the same general form
of organization is followed.
Title to Church Properties.—All our church properties
should be held by the conference corporations. This is
the only means of insuring the continuous use of de-
nominational property. This method prevents a few
individuals who may become disaffected, from diverting
from the Seventh-day Adventist body, property which
belongs to the denomination. In the history of this
movement no case is recorded of a property being
wrongfully diverted where held by the conference cor-
poration. In order to safeguard denominational prop-
erty, whether real or personal, it is necessary to have
105
106 Church Manual
the title vested in a corporation created by a conference

organization according to the laws governing in the
locality where the property is located.
Insurance.—The church, through its officers, is under
obligation to see that the properties of the denomina-
tion, such as the church building, the parsonage, and
the church school buildings, are kept adequately covered
by insurance in safe companies. An insurance agent,
usually the treasurer of each union conference, has
been appointed in practically every union field, and is
always ready to give advice on insurance matters, and
to secure policies in reputable companies for institu-
tions and church properties. If the property is located
in a section where tornadoes are liable to occur, in-
surance should include both fire and tornado. All
insurance on church properties should be in the name
of the corporation. Provision for this expense should
be made in the church budget.
Care of Legal Papers.—All legal papers, including
insurance policies, deeds, abstracts, and trust agreements,
should be filed for safe-keeping in the conference office.
Repairs and Upkeep.—The house of God should always
be kept in good repair. Foundations, roofing, and
painting should receive attention so that all may be pre-
served in the best condition. This same care should be
given to all properties and furnishings belonging to the
denomination. Funds for this purpose should come from
the church expense budget or from special subscriptions.
Under the general direction of the church board, this
work is generally supervised by the deacons.
Wills, Testaments, Gifts Inter Vimos and Gifts Causa
Mortis, Annuity Contracts, and Trust Agreements.—The
Holding Church Properties 107
love of God constrains all who look for His soon appear-
ing to give of their substance to further His truth in
the earth. The spirit of sacrifice is fundamental to
Christian service. "God loveth a cheerful giver." Moneys
which cannot be given outright to the cause may still be
secured to the work of God, through wills, gifts inter
vivos and gifts causa mortis, annuities, and trust agree-
ments.
Laws Must Be Strictly Followed.—The law concerning
the disposition of one's property, either before or after
death, is one which must be strictly followed in accord-
ance with the statutes of the state or country where
the testator or donor may reside. There are various
reasons which make a will of utmost importance. The
statutes of descent and distribution may not make a
satisfactory division of the inheritance. To dispose of
one's property and to make preparations for one's future
life, for the family and dependents, and for the church
and the cause of God, is one of the most important and
responsible acts of life. In "Testimonies for the Church,"
Volume IV, page 481, in reference to will making, it
is said:
"Their will is a part of their preparation for death,
and is prepared so that their possessions shall not disturb
their dying hours."
Seventh-day Adventist ministers are given definite in-
struction concerning the responsibility resting upon them
along these lines, for in "Testimonies for the Church,"
Volume IV, page 479, we find these words:
"Our brethren should feel that a responsibility rests
upon them, as faithful servants in the cause of God, to
exercise their intellect in regard to this matter, and secure
to the Lord His own."
108 Church Mawital
The responsibility herein referred to demands sound

judgment and advice, for the law is not unmindful of
the immense influence which may be exerted over aged
and sick persons by clergymen. Statutes have therefore
been enacted, invalidating deeds, wills, and other instru-
ments drawn up by clergymen who were in a position to
influence the grantor or testator. A statute forbidding a
minister who has attended a deceased person to benefit
under the deceased person's will, has been held not to be
applicable to a clergyman who did not attend the de-
ceased until after the will was executed. Great care
should therefore be exercised by ministers in respect
to the making or influencing of wills made by others. It
is better to allow the person making the will to write
the entire will himself (a holographic will), if it is
possible for him to do so, or have some other person
to do this for him. Then it should be executed in
proper form.
The planning of the simplest will calls for good coun-
sel, and no layman should attempt to draw his own will
or that of another.
In "Testimonies for the Church," Vol. III, page 117,
our people are given definite instruction relative to
securing proper counsel in the executing of their wills,
as follows:
"Many families have been dishonestly robbed of all
their property, and have been subjected to poverty, be-
cause the work that might have been done in an hour
had been neglected. Those who make their wills should
not spare pains or expense to obtain legal advice, and
to have them drawn up in a manner to stand the test."
Who May Make Wills.—The question regarding the
right and capacity to make a will is generally under-
Holding Clvureh Properties 109
stood. In the majority of the States in the United

States of America, every person, male or female, of
the age of twenty-one years, if otherwise legally com-
petent, may make a valid will. In some States, how-
ever, the privileges are extended to males at the age
of twenty-one and females over eighteen. In a few
States every married person may make a will without
regard to age.
It is absolutely necessary that a will be executed in
accordance with the statutory requirements, and all
these requirements of the state, province, or country
where the will is made, stand as of equal importance
and must be observed. A will of real estate must be
executed in accordance with the law where the property
is situated.
A Will Should Always Be Dated and Witnessed.—

A will should be dated the same as any other instrument.
A will bearing the date of its execution is less liable
to be contested on the ground of incompetency, because
the competency of the testator is determined as of the
date of the execution. Another requisite for a valid
will is the witnessing of the instrument. In many coun-
tries, attesting witnesses eannot be beneficiaries under a
will of which they themselves are witnesses. Nearly all
states and countries require at least two, and some re-
quire three witnesses. Executors may be witnesses. The
husband or wife of one making a will is not a competent
witness, but a relative of the testator not named in the
will as a beneficiary is not disqualified by such rela-
tionship.
The attestation of a will is one of the requisites which
must be fully complied with in accordance with the
110 Church Manual
statutes of the state or country where the will is made.

In nearly all cases, the witnesses are required to sign
in the presence of the testator and in the presence of
each other.
Great care should be exercised in the selection of wit-
nesses. They should, if possible, be acquainted with the
testator, and thoroughly understand his mental condi-
tion at the time he executes his will. Witnesses need not
know the contents of a will. All the maker needs to say
to the ones who are to witness his will is, "This is my
will. I want you to witness my signing of it."
A will does not have to be recorded, but must be pre-
served in some safe place known to the executor, so that
it may be presented for probate on the death of the
maker.
When there are different parcels of real estate, each
should be described as to its location. This pertains also
to personal property.
Making Changes in a often happens that
circumstances arise in which the testator wishes to make
alterations in his will. No change in a will should be
made by erasing or marking out. Any additions to a
will must be made by a codicil, which codicil must be
executed with the same formalities as the will itself,
and must include a statement that it is a part of the
will. If it is necessary to make many changes in a will,
it is always better to destroy the will and have a new one
executed. As a will does not take effect until after the
death of the maker, he is at liberty to dispose of his
property during his life as if no will had been made by
him.
In disposing of personal property by will, the execu-
tion of the instrument must conform to the law of the
domicile of the testator at the time of his death. There-

fore, if a testator executes his will according to the law
of the place of his residence, and afterward changes
his residence to a place where the law in regard to ex-
ecuting wills differs, and dies without re-executing his
will, it may be inoperative.
A Suggestive Form for a Simple Will

"I, John Doe, of the city of in the county of
and State of , being of sound and dis-
posing mind and memory, do hereby make, publish, and declare
this to be my last WILL and TESTAMENT, hereby revoking
any and all former wills by me at any time heretofore made.
"First, It is my will and desire that all my just debts be paid
"Second, I give, devise, and bequeath to
[If this is to be a devise of real estate, it is better to describe
it and state where said real estate is located; personal property
should also be fully described so it may be easily identified.]
"Third, I give, devise, and bequeath to the
Conference Corporation, with headquarters at
[If the gift is to the General Conference Corporation, use the
following language: "I give, devise, and bequeath to the General
Conference Corporation of Seventh-day Adventists, a corpora-
tion duly organized and existing under the laws of the United
States of America relating to the District of Columbia, with
headquarters at Washington, D. C.-] [If the residue of an
estate is to be given to the General Conference Corporation or
any other conference corporation, use the following language:
"I give, devise, and bequeath all the residue of my estate, real,
personal, and mixed, that I may own or possess or be entitled
to at the time of my decease."]
[The fourth paragraph may be used to defeat an attempt to
contest a bal.]
"Fourth, I direct that should any one or more of the bene-
ficiaries named in this will object to the distribution as made,
112 Church Manual
or shall enter upon any contest of this will upon any ground
whatsoever, or attempt to defeat the provisions of this will,
said person or persons shall receive the sum of One ($1.00)
Dollar each and no more, and any and all other provisions
made herein for such contestants, other than the sum of One
($1.00) Dollar as stated, shall be annulled and revoked.
"Fifth, I hereby nominate, constitute, and appoint
, Executor of this my LAST WILL and TES-
TAMENT.
"IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereby set my hand and
seal this day of A. D. 19
"The foregoing instrument was subscribed, sealed, published

and declared by John Doe as and for his LAST WILL and
TESTAMENT, in our presence and in the presence of each
of us, and we, at the same time, at his request and in his
presence, and in the presence of each other, hereunto subscribe
our names and residence as attesting witnesses."
of
of
of
To Whom Wills Should Be Made.—Wills should be

made in favor of the local, union, or General Conference
legal organization, using its legal name. Any of these
conference or institutional corporations are also pre-
pared to enter into annuity contracts with members who
are desirous of safeguarding their money in the future
for the cause of God. A grave responsibility rests upon
every individual in this regard, as is shown by the fol-
lowing admonition:
"Christians who believe the present truth should mani-
fest wisdom and foresight. They should not neglect the
disposition of their means, expecting a favorable oppor-
tunity to adjust their business during a long illness.

They should have their business in such a shape that,
were they called at any hour to leave it, and should they
have no voice in its arrangement, it might be settled as
they would have had it were they alive."—"Testimonties
for the Church," Vol. III, p. 117.
"God is displeased with the slack, loose manner in
which many of His professed people conduct their worldly
business. They seem to have lost all sense of the fact
that the property they are using belongs to God, and
that they must render to Him an account of their stew-
ardship. Some leave their worldly business in a perfect
confusion. Satan has his eye on it all, and he strikes at
a favorable opportunity, and by his management takes
much means out of the ranks of Sabbath keepers. And
this means goes into his ranks. . . .
"I was shown the awful fact that Satan and his angels
have had more to do with the management of the prop-
erty of God's professed people, than the Lord has. . . .
Satan and his angels exult over their success in this
matter. And those who should be wise heirs of salva-
tion almost willingly let their Lord's money slip out of
their hands into the enemy's ranks. In this way they
strengthen Satan's kingdom, and seem to feel very easy
about it."--/d., Vol. I, pp. 199, 200.
"If you want your means to go to the cause, appro-
priate it, or all that you do not really need for a support,
while you live. . . . Dying charity is a poor substitute
for living benevolence."—Id., Vol. V, p. 155.
Church officers can assist their members in getting in
touch with conference officers to make sure that the
Lord's money which He has intrusted to His church is
made safe for His work.
8
114 Church Manual
Transferring Property Before Death.—As there are

some who desire to make a transfer of their property
before death, the law recognizes a distinct class of gifts,
known as gifts causa mortis and gifts inter vivos.
A gift causa mortis is a gift of personal property made
by the donor in contemplation of and immediately prior
to his death, and consummated by delivery to the donee,
subject only to the condition that if the donor does not
die, the title shall revert to him.
A gift inter vivos is a gift between the living. It is
a contract which takes place by the consent of the
giver, who divests himself of the thing given in order
to transmit the title of it to the donee, and the donee
who accepts acquires the legal title to it. It operates, if
at all, in the donor's lifetime, immediately and irrev-
ocably; no further act of the parties, no contingency of
death or otherwise, is needed to give it effect. To make
such a gift valid, there must be a delivery.
It is not always easy to determine whether a trans-
action is a gift or is testamentary in character. It de-
pends upon the intention of the donor. Where a gift is
made effective in the lifetime of the decedent and he has
divested himself of all power to recall it, such trans-
action is a gift inter vivos, and not testamentary in its
nature. If the gift does not take effect as an executed
and completed transfer to the donee, either legally or
equitably, during the life of the donor, it is a testamen-
tary disposition, good only when made by a valid will.
An agreement for future delivery of property is noth-
ing more than a promise to make a gift. In order to
constitute an effectual delivery of a gift, the donor must
not only have parted with the possession of the property,
but he must also have relinquished to the donee all present
Holding Church. Properties 115
and future dominion and control over it, beyond any

power on his part to recall. There are instances where
a person desires to make a gift of a promissory note, but
instead of delivering the promissory note to the donee,
he retains it and dies with it in his possession, expecting
an understanding that it is to be delivered to the donee
after the donor's death. Such transaction does not con-
vey title to the donee; therefore the gift has failed.
Bequests to Religious Institutions Limited.—Some
States have laws prohibiting one from devising or be-
queathing more than one third of a person's property to
a religious organization or to a charitable institution,
and also that the will must be made at least thirty days
prior to the death of the testator. The statutes of the
State on these points should be examined before making
a bequest to such institutions.
Annuity Contracts.—Another means of making gifts
and parting with possession of property during the life
of the donor, is by way of annuity contracts. An an-
nuity is defined as a stated sum payable annually during
the life of the annuitant. Such transfer of personal
property requires a consideration to uphold it. Such con-
tracts are also subject to the ordinary rules as to capacity
of parties, undue influence, etc. Annuity contracts
usually contain an agreement between the donor and the
donee, whereby the donor makes a gift in money, for
which he receives in turn during his life annuity pay-
ments on said sum, and upon the death of the donor the
gift becomes absolute in the donee.
An annuity contract must be definite in its terms to
be an executed gift, and the consideration or sum given,
by the terms of the annuity contract, must become the
116 Church Manual
absolute property of the donee. If by the terms and

conditions the gift is to take effect only upon the death
of the donor, it is not such a donatio, but is void.
(Copies of approved forms for annuity contracts can
be secured from the General Conference of S. D. A.,
Takoma Park, Washington, D. C.)
Annuity Payments.—There is a distinction between
an income and an annuity; the former embraces only the
net profits after deducting all necessary expenses and
charges, and may be uncertain in amount; the latter is
a fixed amount directed to be paid absolutely, and gen-
erally without contingency. A simple gift of the inter-
est upon a specific principal sum, although stipulated to
be paid annually, is not an annuity, but merely a gift
of income.
Trust and Trust Agreements.—It is not the intention
of this topic to enter into detail regarding trusts and
trust agreements, but merely to point out briefly some
of the requisites of trust agreements that will show the
necessity of securing counsel before the execution of
such an instrument.
A trust may be defined as an obligation arising out
of personal confidence reposed in one and voluntarily
accepted by one for the benefit of another.
The usual purpose and object of a trust is to convey
the property to a trustee, whose duty it is to receive
the rents, issues, and profits under certain terms and
conditions, and pay them over to some one else for
a given period of time. It is generally understood that
a trust in relation to real and personal property may
be created for any purpose or purposes for which a
contract may be made.
A testator in creating a trust by will must have the

same capacity for execution as is required to execute
a will, and the execution is governed by precisely the
same rules.
A trust estate may be devised directly to the trustee,
as, for example: "I hereby devise and bequeath to
to be held in trust for the use, etc." This
method vests the legal title in the one named as trustee,
and the beneficiaries have the equitable title. Where a
trust estate is devised directly to the heirs, as, "I hereby
devise and bequeath to my daughter
[naming the property], to be held in trust, however, for
her." This vests the legal title in a beneficiary, and the
trustee takes only such title as is necessary to execute
the trust and no other; and at the expiration of the
trust term a conveyance by the trustees is not necessary.
The conveyance of an estate in trust is to be favored
in many cases. Where the estate is small, it should
be carefully conserved, so that protection is thrown
around those who may most need the protection. Where
the estate is large, a greater reason exists. To safe-
guard properly one's interest and those whom he desires
to benefit from his estate, he should consult legal counsel.
Secure Counsel.—There are many technical points in

the law relating to trusts, wills, and executed contracts
which make it unsafe for laymen to execute without
proper counsel from those trained in the law. In "Tes-
timonies for the Church," Volume III, page 117, and
Volume IV, page 482, definite instructions are given
relating to securing proper counsel in the execution of
wills, as follows:
118 Church Manual
"Many families have been dishonestly robbed of all

their property, and have been subjected to poverty, be-
cause the work that might have been well done in an
hour had been neglected. Those who make their wills
should not spare pains or expense to obtain legal advice,
and to have them drawn up in a manner to stand the
test."
"Wills should be made in a manner to stand the test
of the law."
Some business transactions are fairly simple and fol-
low customary forms which the parties themselves may
be competent to prepare; but in all important matters,
it is indeed hazardous to draft or execute contracts or
conveyances of property without skilled legal counsel.
Section VI—Gospel Finance
Tithes and Offerings Belong to God.—"Will a man rob
God? Yet ye have robbed Me. But ye say, Wherein
have we robbed Thee? In tithes and offerings." Mal.
3: 8.
Abraham Paid Tithe to Christ's Representative.--
"Blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered
thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of
all." Gen. 14: 20.
"To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first
being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after
that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace; with-
out father, without mother, without descent, having
neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made
like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.
Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even
the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils. And
verily they that are the sons of Levi, who receive the
office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take
tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their
brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:
but he whose descent is not counted from them received
tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the prom-
ises." Beb. 7: 2-6.
God's Plan for the Support of His Work.—The gospel
plan for the support of God's work on the earth is that of
tithes and offerings. From its early days the Seventh-day
Adventist Church has followed this Scriptural method for
119
120 Church Manual
financing its work. The blessing of God has rested upon

the work as a result. The following statement sets forth
the Christian obligation of this plan upon all who confess
Christ :
Faithful Stewardship.—"Every Christian is a steward
of God, intrusted with His goods. Remember the words,
'Moreover it is required in stewards, that a man be
found faithful.' 1 Cor. 4: 2. Let us be sure that we
are not robbing God in any jots or tittles; for much is
involved in this question. . . .
The Support of the Gospel.—"That which has been set
apart according to the Scriptures as belonging to the
Lord, constitutes the revenue of the gospel, and is no
longer ours. It is no better than sacrilege for a man
to take from God's treasury in order to serve himself
or to serve others in their secular business. Some have
been at fault in diverting from the altar of God that
which has been especially dedicated to Him. All should
regard this matter in the right light. Let no one, when
brought into a strait place, take money consecrated to
religious purposes, and use it for his advantage, soothing
his conscience by saying that he will repay it at some
future time. Far better cut down the expenses to cor-
respond with the income, to restrict the wants, and live
within the means, than to use the Lord's money for
secular purposes.
"The Use of the Tithe.—God has given special direc-
tion as to the use of the tithe. He does not design
that His work shall be crippled for want of means. That
there may be no haphazard work and no error, He has
made our duty on these points very plain. The portion
that God has reserved for Himself is not to be diverted
Gospel Finance 121
to any other purpose than that which He has specified.

Let none feel at liberty to retain their tithe, to use ac-
cording to their own judgment. They are not to use it
for themselves in an emergency, not to apply it as they
see fit, even in what they may regard as the Lord's
work. . .
"God desires all His stewards to be exact in following
divine arrangements. They are not to offset the Lord's
plans by performing some deed of charity, or giving
some gift or some offering, when or how they, the human
agents, shall see fit. It is very poor policy for men to
seek to improve on God's plan, and invent a makeshift,
averaging up their good impulses on this and that oc-
casion, and offsetting them against God's requirements.
God calls upon all to give their influence to His own
arrangement. He has made His plan known; and all who
would co-operate with Him must carry out this plan,
instead of daring to attempt an improvement on it. . . .
"A very plain, definite message has been given to me
for our people. I am bidden to tell them that they are
making a mistake in applying the tithe to various ob-
jects which, though good in themselves, are not the object
to which the Lord has said that the tithe should be ap-
plied. Those who make this use of the tithe are depart-
ing from the Lord's arrangement. God will judge for
these things.
"One reasons that the tithe may be applied to school
purposes. Still others reason that canvassers and col-
porteurs should be supported from the tithe. But a
great mistake is made when the tithe is drawn from the
object for which it is to be used,—the support of the
ministers. There should be today in the field one hundred
well-qualified laborers where now there is but one.
122 Church Manual
A Solemn Obligation.—"The tithe is sacred, reserved

by God for Himself. It is to be brought into His treas-
ury to be used to sustain the gospel laborers in their
work. For a long time the Lord has been robbed be-
cause there are those who do not realize that the tithe is
God's reserved portion. . . .
"Read carefully the third chapter of Malachi, and see
what God says about the tithe. If our churches will take
their stand upon the Lord's word, and be faithful in
paying their tithe into His treasury, more laborers will
be encouraged to take up ministerial work. More men
would give themselves to the ministry were they not told
of the depleted treasury. There should be an abundant
supply in the Lord's treasury, and there would be if
selfish hearts and hands had not withheld the tithes, or
made use of them to support other lines of work. . . .
" 'Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there
may be meat in Mine house, and prove Me now herewith,
saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not open you the win-
dows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there
shall not be room enough to receive it.' Mal. 3: 10."—
"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. IX, pp. 246-251.
How the Tithe Is to Be Used.—"The tithe is to be
held sacred for the work of the ministry and Bible teach-
ing, including the carrying forward of conference admin-
istration in the care of the churches and of field mission-
ary operations. The tithe is not to be expended upon
other lines of work or in church or institutional debt
paying or building operations."—"Constitution, By-Laws,
and Working Policy of the General Conference," p. $8,
1930 edition.
Gospel Finance 123
Tithe Paying Recognized as a, Scriptural Obligation.—

"While tithe paying is not held as a test of fellowship,
it is recognized as a Scriptural obligation which every
believer owes to God, and as an essential in claiming by
faith the fullness of blessing in. Christian life and expe-
rience."—Ibid.
Conference Workers and Church Officers to Set Ex-
ample in- Tithe Paying.—"Conference workers and church
elders and other officers and institutional leaders are to
recognize it as a principle of leadership in God's work
that a good example be set in the matter of tithe paying,
no one being continued as either a church officer or con-
ference worker who does not measure up to this standard
of leadership."—Id., pp. 38, 39.
How the Tithe Is Paid.—"The tithe is to be paid to
the local church in which membership is held. This in-
cludes General and union workers, it being understood
that the conference in which the church is located give
due regard to adjustment of tithe funds in eases where
union or General institutions bring together large groups
of workers and believers making up any considerable por-
tion of the membership of a local church."—/d., p. 39.
Offerings.—In addition to the tithe, the Scriptures
teach the obligation of making offerings to the Lord.
The withholding of offerings is classed with the with-
holding of the tithe, and is called robbery. Mal. 3: 8.
The Seventh-day Adventist body has from the beginning
of its existence followed the practice of giving liberal
offerings to the cause of God. Great prosperity and
blessing have attended the work as a result. Men of
wealth, professional men with ample incomes, farmers,
laborers, ministers, and workers, and the converts in
124 Church Manual
heathen lands, where wages are small, have all united

in generously supporting the cause, by giving offerings
in proportion to their incomes.
Sabbath School Offerings.—Our most suitable and
widely used method of regular systematic giving is
through our Sabbath schools. The Sabbath school offer-
ings are devoted to our foreign mission work. Sabbath
by Sabbath large sums are contributed through this
channel.
Other Offerings.—Other offerings are taken from time
to time for foreign mission work and other general and
local enterprises.
Special Gifts to. Fields.—The financial support of the
world-wide mission work of the church is based on the
budget system. Appropriations are made to the various
fields on the basis of budgeted needs. This is a fair
and equitable method of distributing the funds. It in-
sures every field's receiving a just share. Where special
gifts are made to a particular field, a disparity is created
to the disadvantage of all the other fields. If such gifts
are given for the purpose of starting new work, the work
thus started would languish when the special gift was
used up, or it would have to be included in the budget
for its future support. Thus other fields, with perhaps
greater needs, but without the opportunity of making
them known, would be deprived of their equitable part
of general funds diverted to care for work started by
special gifts. The entire history of this cause has over
and over again proved the wisdom of having all gener-
ously and loyally give their offerings and gifts through
the accepted channels, with the satisfaction of knowing
Gospel Finance 125
that every mission field shares in the benefits of such

giving.
Solicitation of Funds.—The matter of soliciting funds

is fully covered in the following statements:
"1. No conference, church, or institution, without spe-
cial counsel and arrangement, is to plan work requiring
solicitation of funds from outside its own territory, any
solicitation within its own territory to be in harmony with
local, union, and General policy.
"2. For the protection of churches from unauthorized
teachers [individuals] and fraudulent and undenomina-
tional solicitation, it is recognized,
"a. That ministers and church officers should not grant
the privilege of the pulpit to persons who have not recog-
nition or recommendation from the conference authorities.
"b. That no permission be granted to solicit funds
either publicly or privately without such recognition.
"c. That all funds contributed by our people for any
cause in response to appeals, be passed through the regu-
lar channels of the church.
"d. That no authority is granted workers in the cause
representing special interests in one part of the field, to
solicit help for that work in any other conference without
arrangement by the conference authorities, with written
authorization therefor.
"3. Mission field workers visiting the home church or
in touch with the home base by correspondence, are
asked to solicit funds only for enterprises included in the
budget of appropriations, working in co-operation with
churches and conferences to raise the funds required to
meet the appropriations on which the missions depend.
"In harmony with this, the following was presented by
126 Church Manual
the missionaries and adopted at the 1926 General Confer-

ence session:
"The band of missionaries present at this Conference
desire to place on record their deep appreciation of the
loyal way in which our people throughout the homelands
are giving of their means for the maintenance of the
work being conducted in the great missionary divisions
of the world field.
"And while placing on record appreciation of the loy-
alty of our people in supplying funds for the conduct of
the work, we also place on record our appreciation of
the way in which these funds are being disbursed. It
has been a source of incalculable good to the missionary
operations everywhere to have a regular annual budget,
with its regular appropriation balanced by the considera-
tion of all the needs as they are presented in the appeals
from the various divisions; and we hereby express dis-
approval of any solicitation on the part of missionaries
for objects outside of the budget, and pledge ourselves
to turn the attention of our people, when we make ap-
peals for funds, to their opportunity to render a special
service to the cause of missions by making substantial
and extra gifts to help swell the Sixty-cent-a-week Fund
as the best means by which the work can be extended
to the best advantage of each field and of the world
generally that must be warned in finishing the work."—
"Constitution, By-Laws, and Working Policy of the Gen-
eral Conference," pp. 39, 40, 1930 edition.
Tithes and Offerings Not a Personal Trust Fund.—
Tithes and offerings paid to the church do not create
a trust fund for the future benefit of the givers. These
funds are used for the current purposes for which given.
Gospel Finance 127
Assisting the Needy.—Offerings for the poor and needy

are taken to assist the members of the church who may
require assistance. The church should take a benevolent
attitude toward worthy members who are in need, as well
as assisting other charitable agencies in caring for the
needy in their various communities.
Church Budget for Local Expenses.—The most satis-
factory method of providing for local church expenses is
the budget plan. Before the beginning of the new year,
the church board should prepare a carefully drawn
budget of expenses for maintaining the church activities
through the next yearly period. This budget should make
provision for all repairs, heat, light, janitor service (if
paid for), church school expense and teacher's salary,
worthy poor fund, etc. The budget should be presented
to the church for its study and adoption, and for plans
to assure that funds will be provided to balance the
budget during the coming year. Funds to meet the
church expense budget may be raised by offerings and
subscriptions. Every member in proportion to his finan-
cial circumstances should have a part in supporting the
local church as well as the cause in general.
Sample Budget.—The following budget will serve as
an example for any church. It can be adapted to meet
the needs of a church of any size.
Church Budget
Estimated Receipts:
Church Expense Collections $ 169.00
Poor Fund Offerings 300.00
Pledges of Members on Church Exp 2,640.00
Church School Receipts on Tuitions 400.00
$3,509.00
128 Church Manual
Estimated Expenses:
Repairs and Painting Church Bldg $500.00
Fuel 280.00
Janitor and Supplies 420.00
Insurance on Bldg. and Furnishings 200.00
Poor Fund 400.00
Sabbath School Supplies 200.00
Emergency Expense 275.00
Light 180.00
Water 48.00
Gas 36.00
Stationery and Supplies 40.00
Laundry 30.00
Church School Expense 900.00
$3,509.00
Questionable Methods for Raising Church Funds.—
Seventh-day Adventists have always taken a strong stand
against any and all methods of a questionable nature for
raising money for local or general work. This stand is
borne out by the Testimonies.
"When money is raised for religious purposes, to what
means do many churches resort?—To bazaars, suppers,
fancy fairs, even to lotteries and like devices. Often the
place set apart for God's worship is desecrated by feast-
ing and drinking, buying, selling, and merrymaking.
Respect for the house of God and reverence for His wor-
ship are lessened in the minds of the youth. The barriers
of self-restraint are weakened. Selfishness, appetite,
the love of display, are appealed to, and they strengthen
as they are indulged."--"Testimonies for the Chltrch,"
Vol. IX, p. 91.
"As God's work extends, calls for help will come more
and more frequently. That these calls may be answered,
Gospel Finance 129
Christians should heed the command, 'Bring ye all the

tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in
Mine house.' If professing Christians would faithfully
bring to God their tithes and offerings, His treasury
would be full. There would then be no occasion to
resort to fairs, lotteries, or parties of pleasure to secure
funds for the support of the gospel."—"The Acts of the
Apostles," p. 338.
This instruction should be carefully adhered to, and any
methods bordering on these lines discarded.
Raising Money for Local Purposes.—In our efforts to
keep faith with the general public in the solicitation of
local church funds, our churches are encouraged to re-
frain from the use of methods commonly used by us
in soliciting mission gifts. The following action is to
the point:
"WHEREAS, The General Conference Home Missionary
Department promotes the official annual Harvest Ingath-
ering campaign for missions, and there are instances of
public solicitation for other purposes using Harvest In-
gathering methods; therefore,
"We recommend, That no other campaign be conducted
for the solicitation of money by Harvest Ingathering
methods, . . . for either home or foreign missions,
without the sanction of the union conference or union
mission committee, and that local conferences take such
steps as may be necessary to stop violations of this
regulation."—Autumn Council Actions, 1928, p. 20.
Avoiding Debt.—Church boards should always counsel

with their conference officers before incurring debt of any
kind. Financial embarrassment has come to many
9
130 Church Manual
churches through premature or improperly laid plans for

the erection or purchase of church or school buildings.
This may be avoided by churches always seeking counsel
before launching such enterprises, and by adhering to the
denominational policy for financing such enterprises. The
General Conference Policy is as follows:
Financing Church Buildings and Other Enterprises.,--

"WHEREAS, Some of our churches have been brought
into serious perplexity by heavy debts upon their church
buildings, and thereby have been hindered in carrying out
their regular program for home and foreign work; and,
"WHEREAS, We are told through the Spirit of prophecy
that it is displeasing to God for our churches to be
burdened with debt, with counsel given that wherever
possible our churches be dedicated free of debt;
"We recommend, 1. That all our churches encumbered
with debt make every sacrifice and effort possible to free
themselves from all burden of debt as rapidly as they are
able while carrying on the regular program of the church.
"2. That churches contemplating either purchasing or
erecting church buildings, be cautioned not to undertake
obligations which the church cannot easily carry, the local
and union conference committees giving careful counsel
after studying the size of the congregation, its financial
strength, and the location of the church.
"3. That where conditions seem to make it imperative
for congregations to assume obligations on their church
properties, in no ease should building operations be
started until 75 per cent of the entire cost is in hand in
cash; and that any help from the Church Extension Fund,
where given, be a part of the remaining 25 per cent; and
Gospel Finance 131
further, where the church building project contemplates

an expenditure of $5,000, the plan adopted by the General
Conference for building operations be carefully followed;
and further, that a project contemplating the expenditure
of $25,000 or more be recognized as a special problem
involving wider counsel with local, union, and General
Conference Committees as to the percentage of funds
above 75 per cent that should be in hand.
"4. That whenever possible, churches be not dedicated
until they are free from indebtedness.
"5. That the foregoing apply particularly to North
America, with a word of caution to other divisions in
proceeding with plans for church obligations."—Autumn
Council Actions, 1928, pp. 15, 16.
Handling and Accounting for Funds.—The gathering
and handling of funds for the Lord's work is a sacred
responsibility. The proper channel through which these
funds flow is first from the individual member to the local
church. The church treasurer receives these funds. Those
intended for local church purposes he disburses. Those
intended for conference use or general purposes the
church treasurer passes on to the conference treasurer.
The conference treasurer in turn disburses the funds of
the conference, and passes on to the union conference
treasurer the funds intended for union conference use or
for general purposes. The union conference treasurer
disburses the funds intended for union conference use,
and passes on to either the division or General Conference
treasurers all funds given for general purposes. All
these treasurers, from the local church to the General
Conference, work under the direction of either the church
board or conference committees. They do not handle or
disburse funds independently of counsel.
132 Church Manual
Auditing.—Every set of books, from the local church

treasurer's to those of the General Conference treasurer,
are subject to audit by auditors appointed for this pur-
pose. This rule of auditing is also applied to the books
of every denominationally operated institution. This
practice provides the maximum of safety in the handling
of funds.
Section VII—Ministers and Gospel
Workers
A Divinely Appointed Ministry.—"Whereof I am made
a minister, according to the dispensation of God which
is given to me for you, to fulfill the word of God." Col.
1: 25. "No man taketh this honor unto himself, but he
that is called of God, as was Aaron." Heb. 5: 4.
"God has a church, and she has a divinely appointed
ministry. 'And He gave some, apostles; and some, proph-
ets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teach-
ers; for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the
ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: till we
all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge
of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure
of the stature of the fullness of Christ: that we hence-
forth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried
about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men,
and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to de-
ceive; but speaking the truth in love, may grow up into
Him in all things, which is the head, even Christ.'
"The Lord has His appointed agencies, and a church
that has lived through persecution, conflict, and darkness.
Jesus loved the church, and gave Himself for it, and He will
replenish, refine, ennoble, and elevate it, so that it shall
stand fast amid the corrupting influences of this world.
Men appointed of God have been chosen to watch with
jealous care, with vigilant perseverance, that the church
may not be overthrown by the evil devices of Satan, but
that she shall stand in the world to promote the glory
133
134 Church Manual
of God among men."—"Testimonies to Ministers," pp.

53, 53.
The Conference President.—The president of the con-
ference should be an ordained minister of experience and
good report. He is the chief elder or overseer at large
of all the churches in the conference. He works for the
spiritual welfare and upbuilding of the churches. He
counsels them regarding all their activities and plans.
He has access to all the churches, church services, and
business meetings, and may by virtue of his office preside
over the sessions of any of the churches when such a
course is necessary. He has access to all church records,
books, etc.
He will not set aside the duly elected officers of the
church, but will work in co-operation with them. They
in turn are bound, in recognition of the ties of confer-
ence fellowship, to counsel with him over all that pertains
to the welfare of the church. They should not attempt
to exclude him from a proper discharge of his duties.
Pastors and District Leaders Not Executives.—Or-
dained ministers appointed by the conference committee
to act as pastors or district leaders do not become in-
termediaries between the conference president and the
churches. They do not take the place of the president
in their respective fields, and are not charged with admin-
istrative powers, as is the president. They are to co-
operate with him in carrying out all the plans and policies
of the conference.
President and Coinmittee Direct the Workers.—The
conference president in counsel with the conference com-
mittee directs the workers of the conference in their
varied activities. It is his duty to acquaint the workers
Ministers and Gospel Workers 135
with the plans and policies of the committee, and to

secure the co-operation of the workers in carrying them
out. The president should take a special interest in
directing the evangelistic work in the conference, doing
all he can to encourage a constant soul-winning endeavor
on the part of all the workers. He should actively re-
cruit and assist in training young men for the ministry.
President and Committee Direct Departmental Scare-
taries.—Departmental secretaries are employed by the
conference to foster very important lines of denomi-
national work. These departmental lines are usually listed
as the Sabbath School, Home Missionary, Young People's
Missionary Volunteer, Educational, Publishing, Medical,
Religious Liberty, and Home Commission. In order suc-
cessfully to carry on the work assigned to them, these
workers must have access to the churches. They should
be given opportunity properly to present and develop
their plans in the churches. It is expected that these
workers will have sympathetic consideration for all
church plans, even outside their respective departments.
These secretaries work under the general direction of
the conference committee in counsel with the conference
president, who is the responsible head of all lines of
the work.
Co-operation Between Local, Union, and General Con-
ference Departmental Secretaries.—The fullest co-opera-
tion should exist between departmental secretaries and
those who carry similar departmental lines of work in
local, union, and General Conferences. But the respon-
sibility for directing the labors of departmental secre-
taries in the conferences does not rest upon the secre-
taries of the higher organizations.
136 Church Manual
Work of Departmental Secretaries Not Administrative.

—Departmental secretaries are not vested with adminis-
trative or executive authority in conference or church
work, but their relation to the field is an advisory one.
Their work does not bear the same relationship to the
churches as that of the conference committee or president.
Where ordained ministers are called to serve as depart-
mental secretaries, they freely function in all ministerial
lines in the celebration of all church rites and ceremonies.
They may be directed by the conference committee or
president to labor for any church in general ministerial
lines. Their work, however, is primarily of a special kind,
and in the promotion of their lines of work they labor
throughout the entire conference. It is not expected
that they will counsel the churches regarding church
elections and other administrative duties, unless espe-
cially asked by the conference president to do this.
Workers Under Conference Direction.—All conference
workers—ministers, Bible workers, departmental secre-
taries, etc.—are under the direction of the conference
committee. These workers receive their credentials from
the conference, and are responsible to the conference, and
not to any local church in the conference. Churches may
request the services or help of conference workers, lodg-
ing such requests with the conference president, but the
appointment in all cases rests with the conference com-
mittee. Workers may be appointed to labor with certain
churches, and when in the judgment of the conference
committee the appointment should be changed, the com-
mittee is at liberty to make it. The worker may appeal
to the conference committee for a hearing on the commit-
tee's decision to remove him from a church or from his
field of labor, but if he refuses to co-operate with the
committee and declines to work in harmony with it, his

conduct may be regarded as insubordination, and be
dealt with as such. In no ease should he appeal to the
church regarding decisions of the conference committee.
Any church supporting a worker in his stand under
such circumstances becomes subject to the discipline of
the conference.
Relation of Ordained Minister to Church Work.—On
assignment to a local church as a worker or pastor, the
ordained minister takes rank above the local elder or
elders, and these latter serve as his assistants. By vir-
tue of his ordination to the ministry he is qualified to
function in all church rites and ceremonies, and should
have charge of such services. He should be the spiritual
leader and advisor of the church. He should instruct the
church officers in their duties, and counsel them in carry-
ing them out, and in helping them to plan for all lines
of church work and activity. By virtue of his appoint-
ment as pastor he is a member of the church board,
and serves as chairman. In eases where the pastor
desires to be relieved of the responsibility of acting as
chairman of the church board, the church elder serves as
chairman. There should be the closest co-operation be-
tween the two.
The minister, with the assistance of the elders, is ex-
pected to plan for and lead out in all spiritual services of
the church, such as Sabbath morning worship, prayer
meeting, etc., and should officiate at the communion serv-
ice, baptism, etc. He should not surround himself with
any special body of counselors of his own choosing, but
always work in co-operation with the duly elected officers
of the church.
138 Church Manual
Churches Do Not Elect Pastor.—Pastors or assistant

pastors are not nominated or elected to such positions
by the church. Their connection with the church is by
the appointment of the conference eommittee, and such
appointments may be canceled at any time.
Licensed Preachers.—To give young men an oppor-
tunity to demonstrate their call to the ministry, pro-
spective candidates are granted ministerial licenses. The
granting of such licenses by the conference confers no
authority beyond the right to develop the ministerial gift.
A licensed minister does not have authority to preside
at any of the church ordinances or business sessions. He
cannot administer baptism, the Lord's supper, or per-
form the marriage ceremony. He does not preside at
sessions where members are received or dismissed from
the church. He is authorized to preach, assist in a spir-
itual way in any church activities, and lead out in mis-
sionary work, and especially to engage in evangelistic
efforts.
He may be elected as a local elder of a particular
church and ordained as such, providing special arrange-
ments have been made with the conference. In such a
ease he is vested with the authority of a local church
elder, but no mare. His ordination as such does not
qualify him to serve in any other church in the conference
except by vote of the church needing his services, and
this on the advice of the conference committee or presi-
dent.
Conference committees do not have the right to author-
ize a licensed preacher to go from church to church
baptizing or performing other church rites pertaining
to the functions of an ordained minister. A conference
committee action cannot be substituted for ordination.
Assignment of such workers to district leadership must

not be made the occasion for unwarranted authorization
in such matters.
Ordination to the Ministry.—A ministerial license does
not assure ordination to the ministry Only after the
holder has proved his gift is he entitled to ordination.
The decision as to his fitness does not rest with the worker
himself, nor upon the influence of his friends. Ordina-
tion should be carried out in harmony with the following
plan:
"1. Inasmuch as the ordination to the ministry is the
setting apart of the man to a sacred calling, not for one
local field alone, but for the entire church, and therefore
needs to be done with wide counsel, the following plan is
the proper procedure, except in special cases where serious
delay would result:
"a. The matter of ordination is first taken under care-
ful consideration by the local conference committee.
"b. In case of approval, the local conference committee
submits the names of the candidates with their findings
and convictions to the union conference committee for
counsel.
"c. The decisions of these two bodies are placed in
the hands of the Committee on Credentials and Licenses
[at the next session of the conference], on whose favora-
ble report the conference makes final decision in the case.
"d. In case a licensed minister to be ordained is in the
employ of the union or General Conference, the organiza-
tion employing him would of course initiate the matter.
"2. In the event of its being desirable to have an ordi-
nation between sessions of conferences, this may be done
in case the candidate has the approval for ordination of
the union and local conference committees.
140 Church. Manual
"3. Before any ordination is carried out, there shall

be a very careful examination of the candidates as to
their fitness for the work of the ministry. The examina-
tion should cover the great fundamental facts of the
gospel, such as the following:
"a. The present, personal religious experience of the
candidate.
-b. His belief in and knowledge of the Scriptures.
"a. His acquaintance with and full acceptance of the
vital truths we believe we are called to proclaim to the
world.
"d. The results of his previous work as a licensed
preacher.
"4. The examination of candidates for ordination is
conducted by ordained ministers only, and where there
are present representatives of union, division, or General
Conferences, they should be invited to assist in the ex-
amination.
"5. In the carrying out of the ordination, a special
service, preferably on the Sabbath afternoon, should be
conducted, that will exalt the office of the ministry in
the eyes of the people and solemnize the call in the heart
of the candidate."—"Constitution, By-Laws, and Working
Policy of the General Conference," pp. 71, 72; 1930
edition.
Bible Workers.—A very important line of service is
that of the Bible worker. This is recognized by our con-
ferences in employing suitable persons to engage in this
line of work. Where such workers are employed by the
conference, they are under conference direction, as are
all other workers. They may be changed about from
place to place as the work requires. They may be as-
signed to work in connection with some evangelistic ef-
Miwisters and Gospel Workers 141
fort, in which case they are -under the immediate direction

of the evangelist in. charge of the effort, or they may
be stationed in some city to labor in connection with
some church. In such a ease, they should be under the
immediate direction of the minister or pastor of the
church. A conference Bible worker should not, except
by special arrangement with the conference, be asked to
carry any church office, but should be left free to carry
on her personal soul-winning work.
Book and Bible House Secretaries.—These are con-
ference workers, and as such are under the direction of
the conference committee and the president. While they
are in a special way in close touch with our publishing
houses, they are not chosen, elected, or directed by pub-
lishing house boards, but by the conference. In selecting
such workers it is well to consider available men who
have received a training in connection with our publishing
houses.
Pastors Should Assist Evangelists.—Where an evan-
gelist is asked to conduct an evangelistic effort in some
locality or city where a church in charge of a pastor is
located, the pastor should be invited to assist the evan-
gelist as a personal worker, thus giving the pastor an
opportunity to become acquainted with the prospective
members. They should counsel together as to the wisest
and most tactful manner of working together in such
efforts.
Disputed Points, of Doctrine and Procedure.—No min-
ister or church elder has the right to make any pulpit the
forum for advocating disputed points of doctrine or
procedure. The church does not confer the right upon
any individual to exploit personal views or opinions in
142 Church Manual
such a manner. Where necessary, as in the case of the

apostolic church, such matters should be settled by gen-
eral church councils.
Credentials.—The churches in their collective capacity
through the conferences confer upon certain men the
authority to represent and speak for the church as min-
isters and gospel workers. This authority is symbolized
by the granting of credentials, which are written com-
missions, properly dated and signed by the officers of the
conference. The authority thus conveyed is not personal
nor inherent in the individual holding the credentials,
but is inherent in the body granting the credentials, and
may be recalled at any time where sufficient cause exists.
The credentials granted workers are never to be regarded
as the personal property of the workers, but as belonging
to the organization granting the same. The worker is
in honor bound to return them upon the request of such
organization.
The following actions clearly set forth the denomina-
tional practice in granting credentials:
"Ministerial credentials and licenses and other papers
are issued as follows:
"1. By the local conference to its laborers.
"2. By the union conference to union laborers, and
workers entitled to papers in union institutions.
"3. Workers in general and inter-union institutions, as
publishing houses, sanitariums, and colleges, receive their
papers from the union in which the institution is located,
except such persons in these institutions as are provided
for under number 4, such persons receiving papers from
union conferences being listed in the Year Book as insti-
tutional workers.
"4. By the General Conference to workers under Gen-

eral Conference direction, and to members of the General
Conference Committee in North America,, but not includ-
ing union conference presidents.
"5. By the General Conference also to such pioneer
workers and others of lifelong service to the denomina-
tion as may not be directly employed by a union or local
conference, or as in the judgment of the committee
should receive such credentials.
"6. By the General Conference to missionaries being
sent to the field, to cover the period of their preparation
and travel to the field; also to missionaries on furlough
when the papers they hold shall expire during the fur-
lough period.
"7. By the General Conference for one year to mission-
aries in good standing, who return permanently, and who
have not been employed by any conference or institution,
and whose papers from the organization of previous em-
ployment do not cover one year following their return.
"8. Missionaries, or those who have been in General
Conference employ, and who, though in good standing,
are without employment in denominational work for a
period of one year from the time their employment
ceased, shall be referred to the local conference in which
they reside for honorary credentials, such papers to be
renewed from time to time at the discretion of the con-
ference.
"9. A laborer being a beneficiary of the Sustentation
Fund, yet receiving subsidy from a local conference for
service rendered, receives his papers from such local
conference.
"10. All other laborers receiving funds from the Sus-
tentation Fund, if entitled to credentials or other papers,
144 Church Manual
are to receive the same from the union conference in

which they reside.
"11. Inasmuch as the union conference is held respon-
sible with the local conferences in the safeguarding of
the ministry for the service of the whole church, it fol-
lows that the union conference is charged with sharing
the responsibility with the local conference for the stand-
ing of the ministry in all the local fields. The union
conference is required by denominational action and prac-
tice to assure itself that credentials issued within the
union territory shall indeed be certificates that the hold-
ers are in good and unquestioned standing, properly sub-
ject to invitation to any other field of service.
"12. In any case where the standing of any holder of
credentials is brought into uncertainty, it is the duty of
the union conference to join the local conference in con-
ferring, with a purpose to clear away any uncertainty, in
order that no reproach or shadow may be left to rest
upon all the credentials held by the ministry. Where the
matters involved are of such a character that the union
and local conference committees are unable to resolve the
difficulty and announce to all a clear record for the min-
istry, the matter must of necessity be appealed to the
General Conference, by action of both local and union
committees together, or by action of one body separately,
inasmuch as any shadow of uncertainty in the matter of
what ministerial credentials stand for in one field reflects
a shadow upon all credentials, and is a matter of general
denominational concern."--"Constitution, By-Laws, and
Working Policy of the General Conference," pp. 72-74,
1930 edition.
Expired Credentials.—Credentials are granted for the
duration of the conference term, either annually, bien-
nially, or quadrennially. The credentials are renewed by

a vote of the conference in session. If for any reason
it is deemed inadvisable to renew credentials to any
worker, he ceases to function as a worker in the confer-
ence. The possession of out-of-date or expired creden-
tials does not authorize him to function in any of the
offices of a minister. He has no more authority or stand-
ing than any other lay member in the church.
Eelieving a Minister of His Office.—A minister may be
relieved of his office as a minister without affecting his
standing as a church member. In eases where a min-
ister is disfellowshiped from the church and subsequently
restored to church membership, his office as a minister is
not thereby restored. He re-enters the church simply as
a lay member.
The same principle holds good regarding any church
officer who may be disciplined during his term of office.
The action restoring him to membership does not restore
him to his former office.
Sttstentation Workers.—Seattered throughout the va-
rious conferences are workers who, on account of age or
condition of health, are retired from active service. As
a class these workers are deserving of honor and con-
sideration. In many cases they have spent long years
in helping to build up the cause of God. Their presence
is a blessing and help to our churches.
_Relationship of Sustentation Workers and the Local
Church.—Sustentation workers usually hold their church
membership in the church nearest their place of residence.
Their official relationship to such a church is the same as
that of a lay member. They may be elected to any office
in the church, in which case they freely function in all
10
146 Church Manual
that pertains to the office in which they serve. Inasmuch

as sustentation workers draw their support from the
cause, they should undertake such work only in counsel
with and under the direction of the local conference com-
mittee. They are not independent of such counsel. The
local conference committee is responsible for fostering
the work in every church in its territory, especially as
relates to the activities of all workers, whether on the
active or sustentation list.
Sustentation Workers May Be Asked to Perform Min-
isterial Service.—Ministers on the sustentation list may
be requested to perform ministerial service in the church
to which they belong, or in any other churches in the
conference, and also to engage in evangelistic work. For
this service their sustentation allowance may be supple-
mented by the conference. In such a case they devote
all the time their age or health will permit in regular
conference work, under the direction of the conference
committee and president. Where such workers are so
employed, the conference grants them credentials. The
fact that sustentation workers reside within the territory
of a local conference does not impose any obligation on
the conference to employ them, or to pay a supplementary
wage or to grant them credentials. Such service may be
terminated by the conference committee when deemed
advisable.
Whether in church or conference work the sustenta-
tion worker sustains the same relationship to the counsel
and direction of the local conference committee as any
other worker or lay member.
SECTION VIII—The Services of
the Church
Public Worship Should Not Be Neglected.—"Not for-
saking the assembling of ourselves together, as the man-
ner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much
the more, as ye see the day approaching." Bleb. 10: 25.
"Some have made a serious mistake in neglecting to
attend the public worship of God. The privileges of
divine service will be as beneficial to them as to others,
and are fully as essential. They may be unable to avail
themselves of these privileges as often as do many others.
Physicians will frequently be called, upon the Sabbath,
to visit the sick, and may be obliged to make it a day of
exhausting labor. Such labor to relieve the suffering,
was pronounced by our Saviour a work of mercy, and no
violation of the Sabbath. But those who regularly devote
their Sabbaths to writing or labor, making no special
change, harm their own souls, give to others an example
that is not worthy of imitation, and do not honor God.
"Some have failed to see the real importance, not only
of attending religious meetings, but also of bearing
testimony for Christ and the truth. If these brethren do
not obtain spiritual strength by the faithful performance
of every Christian duty, thus coming into a closer and
more sacred relation to their Redeemer, they will become
weak in moral power. They will surely wither spiritually,
unless they change their course in this respect."—"Testi-
monies for the Cluzerch," Vol. IV, pp. 559, 540.
147
148 Church Manual
Spiritual Worship.—"Although God dwells not in

temples made with hands, yet He honors with His pres-
ence the assemblies of His people. He has promised that
when they come together to seek Him, to acknowledge
their sins, and to pray for one another, He will meet
with them by His Spirit. But those who assemble to
worship Him should put away every evil thing. Unless
they worship Him in spirit and truth and in the beauty
of holiness, their coming together will be of no avail.
Of such the Lord declares: 'This people draweth nigh
unto Me with their mouth, and honoreth Me with their
lips; but their heart is far from Me. But in vain they
do worship Me.' Those who worship God must worship
Him 'in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such
to worship Him.' "—"Prophets and Kings," p. 50.
"Our meetings should be made intensely interesting.
They should be pervaded with the very atmosphere of
heaven. Let there be no long, dry speeches and formal
prayers, merely for the sake of occupying the time. All
should be ready to act their part with promptness, and
when their duty is done, the meeting should be closed.
Thus the interest will be kept up to the last. This is
offering to God acceptable worship. His service should
be made interesting and attractive, and not be allowed
to degenerate into a dry form. We must live for Christ
minute by minute, hour by hour, and day by day; then
Christ will dwell in us, and when we meet together, His
love will be in our hearts, welling up like a spring in
the desert, refreshing all, and making those who are
ready to perish, eager to drink of the waters of life."—
"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. V, p. 609.
Reverence for the House of Woe ship.----"To the humble,
believing soul, the house of God on earth is the gate of
The Services of the Church 149
heaven. The song of praise, the prayer, the words spoken

by Christ's representatives, are God's appointed agencies
to prepare a people for the church above, for that loftier
worship into whieh there can enter nothing that defileth.
"From the sacredness which was attached to the earthly
sanctuary, Christians may learn how they should regard
the place where the Lord meets His people. . . . God
Himself gave the order of His service, exalting it high
above everything of a temporal nature.
"The house is the sanctuary for the family, and the
closet or the grove the most retired place for individual
worship; but the church is the sanctuary for the congre-
gation. There should be rules in regard to the time, the
place, and the manner of worshiping. Nothing that is
sacred, nothing that pertains to the worship of God,
should be treated with carelessness or indifference. In
order that men may do their best work in showing forth
the praises of God, their associations must be such as
will keep the sacred distinet from the common in their
minds. Those who have broad ideas, noble thoughts and
aspirations, are those who have associations that
strengthen all thoughts of divine things. Happy are
those who have a sanctuary, be it high or low, in the
city or among the rugged mountain caves, in the lowly
cabin or in the wilderness. If it is the best they can
secure for the Master, He will hallow the place with His
presence, and it will be holy unto the Lord of hosts."—
Id., pp. 491, 492.
Children to Be Taught Reverence.—"Parents, elevate
the standard of Christianity in the minds of your chil-
dren; help them to weave Jesus into their experience;
teach them to have the highest reverence for the house
of God, and to understand that when they enter the
150 Church Manual
Lord's house, it should be with hearts that are softened

and subdued by such thoughts as these: 'God is here;
this is His house. I must have pure thoughts and the
holiest motives. I must have no pride, envy, jealousy,
evil surmising, hatred, or deception in my heart; for I
am coming into the presence of the holy God. This is
the place where God meets with and blesses His people.
The High and Holy One who inhabiteth eternity looks
upon me, searches my heart, and reads the most secret
thoughts and acts of my life.'"—Id., p. 494.
Decorum and Quietness in the Place of Meeting.—
"When the worshipers enter the place of meeting, they
should do so with decorum, passing quietly to their seats.
If there is a stove in the room, it is not proper to crowd
about it in an indolent, careless attitude. Common talk-
ing, whispering, and laughing should not be permitted
in the house of worship, either before or after the serv-
ice. Ardent, active piety should characterize the wor-
shipers.
"If some have to wait a few minutes before the meet-
ing begins, let them maintain a true spirit of devotion
by silent meditation, keeping the heart uplifted to God
in prayer that the service may be of special benefit to
their own hearts, and lead to the conviction and conver-
sion of other souls. They should remember that heavenly
messengers are in the house. We all lose much sweet
communion with God by our restlessness, by not encour-
aging moments of reflection and prayer. The spiritual
condition needs to be often reviewed, and the mind and
heart drawn toward the Sun of Righteousness.
If when the people come into the house of worship,
they have genuine reverence for the Lord, and bear in
mind that they are in His presence, there will be a sweet
eloquence in silence. The whispering and laughing and

talking which might be without sin in a common business
place, should find no sanction in the house where God is
worshiped. The mind should be Prepared to hear the
word of God, that it may have due weight, and suitably
impress the heart."—Id., p. 492.
Church Meetings.—Each church should arrange its
meetings as seems necessary. Those most essential to
the worship, study, and activity of the church are the
Sabbath service, the Sabbath school, the young people's
meeting, the prayer meeting, and the missionary meeting.
Business sessions for proper attention to the business
affairs of the church are also essential.
Sabbath Worship.—The Sabbath service is held for
worshiping the Lord. This service is usually and properly
the occasion for preaching or Bible study. If an or-
dained minister of the conference in active service is
present, the service is in his charge. If no minister is
present, the elders have charge. They should lead the
meeting or arrange for some one to do so. A social meet-
ing for testimony and praise can be conducted, or the
time given over to a relation by the members of their
experience in missionary work.
It has never been our custom to prescribe a set form
or order for public worship. A short order of service
is usually better suited to the real spirit of worship.
Long preliminaries should be avoided. Thus more time
can be given to the study of the word of God. Two
suggestive forms are here given:
Order of Worship
Organ Prelude
Doxology
152 Church Manual
Invocation
Announcements
Scripture Reading
Hymn
Prayer
Offertory
Hymn or Special Song
Sermon
Hymn
Benediction
Congregation Seated for a Few Moments of
Silent Prayer*
Organ Postlude
Shorter Order of Worship

Hymn
Scripture Reading
Prayer
Offering and Announcements
Hymn or Special Song
Sermon
Hymn
Benediction
Congregation Seated for Silent Prayer*
* The following commendable custom prevails in many of

our churches : As the members of the congregation come
into the church auditorium, before the opening of the serv-
ice, they quietly take their places in the pews, and bow the
head for a moment in silent prayer, after which they sit in
quiet meditation or read the Word until the service begins.
After the benediction the congregation resume their seats,
and remain for a few moments of silent prayer, while the
organ is played very softly. During this time the minister
walks quietly to the door, where he will be ready to greet
the people, as, at a given signal from the organist, all arise
and pass out of the house of worship. Visiting and talking
in the church auditorium is thus avoided.
The Servioes of the Church 153
Sabbath School.—The Sabbath school has rightly been

called "the church at study." It is one of the most im-
portant services held in connection with our church work.
Sabbath by Sabbath our entire membership meet in
Sabbath school to study systematically the truths of
God's word. The Sabbath school should be attended by
every member of the church, old and young, ministers,
church officers, and laymen. The length of time for hold-
ing this service is one hour and a quarter. The following
program outline is suggested by the Sabbath School De-
partment :
Opening Exercises 10 minutes
Secretary's Report 3 minutes
Superintendent's Remarks 3 minutes
Missions Exercise 10 minutes
Lesson Review 10 minutes
Class Record and Offerings 2 minutes
Lesson Recitation 30 minutes
Closing Exercises 5 minutes
Sabbath School Teachers' Meeting.—Every Sabbath

school should have a weekly teachers' meeting. The
superintendent should have charge, although some one
else may be appointed to take charge of the lesson study.
A Training Course leader should be provided also. Con-
tinuity of leadership should be sought for in both these
lines of study. The best time for the teachers' meeting
is the middle of the week, as this permits the opportunity
for private study both before and after the meeting, and
it is also a less hurried time than Sabbath morning. An
hour's time should be allowed for this meeting in view
of the fact that three things are to be accomplished,—
study of the lesson for next Sabbath, study of the Train-
154 Church, Manual
ing Course, and consideration of any general problems

affecting the school.
Senior Missionary Volunteer Society.—The Young Peo-
ple's Society of Missionary Volunteers is a training cen-
ter for the youth in our churches who will be the future
workers in giving this advent message to the world. The
society is organized for the specific purpose of giving
young people opportunity to learn how to witness for
God, by taking small parts on the programs and in the
missionary activities at first, and growing into greater
responsibilities in the cause of God. The time for the
Senior Missionary Volunteer meeting to be held must
be arranged locally in each church. Friday evening or
Sabbath afternoon usually is considered the most favor-
able time. Suggestive weekly programs are provided
through the Church Officers' Gazette. The following is
a general outline of a program:
Song Service
Opening Exercises (Song, Scripture, Prayer)
Secretary's Report; and Taking of Missionary
Reports
Two or Three Five-minute Talks on the Week's
Topic
Recitation (or a Special Exercise)
Round Table Discussion of the Topic Presented
(or Testimony Service)
Offering for Missions
Closing Song and Prayer
No Missionary Volunteer Society will be a success
which has for its main object merely the giving of pro-
grams. Every society (except the very small ones)
should be divided into working bands. Each band does
a definite kind of missionary work, and in this way the

society usually can do more thorough work in the com-
munity, and at the same time give each member a better
training. In some societies the bands meet immediately
following the program, while others arrange for an en-
tirely different hour to carry on those lines of work.
In churches where there are not enough young people
to organize a society, a Missionary Volunteer band should
be formed which will have a definite part in the mission-
ary work of the church. This will develop greater in-
terest and initiative among the youth.
Junior Missionary Volunteer Society.—The purpose of
the Junior Missionary Volunteer Society is similar to
that of the organization of the older youth,—to build
character and develop in Christian service. Because of
the fact that the Junior Society is often organized within
the church school, its meetings are usually conducted at
an hour set aside on Wednesday morning. Where there
is no church school, the church should set an hour for
the Junior Society meeting.
The Prayer Meeting.—"The prayer meetings should
be the most interesting gatherings that are held; but
these are frequently poorly managed. Many attend
preaching, but neglect the prayer meeting. Here, again,
thought is required. Wisdom should be sought of God,
and plans should be laid to conduct the meetings so that
they will be interesting and attractive. The people hun-
ger for the bread of life. If they find it at the prayer
meeting, they will go there to receive it.
"Long, prosy talks and prayers are out of place any-
where, and especially in the social meeting. Those who
are forward and ever ready to speak, are allowed to
156 Church Manual
crowd out the testimony of the timid and retiring. Those
who are most superficial generally have the most to say.
Their prayers are long and mechanical. They weary the
angels and the people who listen to them. Our prayers
should be short and right to the point. Let the long,
tiresome petitions be left for the closet, if any have such
to offer. Let the Spirit of God into your hearts, and
it will sweep away all dry formality."--"Testimonies for
the Church," Vol. IV, pp. 70, 71.
The weekly prayer meeting is the thermometer of the
church's spirituality. It is of so great importance that
more than ordinary efforts should be put forth to assure
its success. Meetings should begin on time, even though
there are but two or three present. Have a short Scrip-
ture study. Ten or fifteen minutes is sufficient. Then
give the people the time for prayer and testimony. Vary
the plan of the service from week to week. Have a
season of prayer following the study one time; the next
time, follow the study by testimonies, closing with a
season of prayer and a song.
If the members are unable to assemble at the usual
place for prayer meeting, cottage meetings can be con-
ducted with great benefit.
Church Missionary Meeting.—The great commission
lays upon the church the task of heralding the gospel to
all the world. This places upon each individual member
the responsibility of giving the message of salvation to
as many others as possible. The Saviour "gave authority
to His servants, and to every man his work." He ap-
pointed a meeting with His eleven disciples, after His
resurrection, for the purpose of giving them counsel and
encouragement, and at that time He gave the gospel
commission to the disciples and to the assembled church,

numbering more than five hundred brethren. That was
the first missionary meeting of the Christian church, but
it was not to be the last.
As a permanent and definite part of the services of the
Christian church, the missionary meeting bears the divine
indorsement for all time. Through the Spirit of proph-
ecy we are told: "God has committed to our hands a
most sacred work, and we seed to meet together to re-
ceive instruction, that we may be fitted to perform this
work."—"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. VI, p. 32.
By action of the General Conference, the first Sabbath
of each month is dedicated to the Home Missionary
Service in all our churches. This official action is
recorded as follows:
"WREREAs, The successful development of missionary
work on the part of all our church members requires a
regular opportunity for the presentation of instruction
and inspirational themes by our ministers and other
church leaders, that our people may be enlisted as per-
sonal soul winners and be intelligent as to the work
they are to do for God;
"We recommend, That the first Sabbath of each month
be designated as Home Missionary Day, it being under-
stood that the work of other departments will be pre-
sented on certain of these days, as heretofore. This plan
does not contemplate additional programs."—Autumn
Council Actions, 1924.
For still further strengthening and developing the
missionary spirit among the church members, auxiliary
missionary services should be conducted in one or more
of the following ways:
158 Church Manual
1. The Fifteen-Minute Church Missionary Service, held.

each Sabbath, immediately following the close of the
Sabbath school and just preceding the preaching service.
2. A mid-week missionary meeting, combined with the
weekly prayer meeting, has been found to be a very
effective method of conducting this service of the church.
On this occasion the first half of the meeting is spent
in wrapping and addressing missionary literature to be
sent through the mails, and the latter part of the service
is very appropriately spent in prayer and experience
testimony by the missionary workers.
3. Missionary meetings at various times, as best suited
to local conditions.
The church missionary committee should plan definitely
and carefully to make the missionary services of the
church occasions for spiritual revival and practical train-
ing, and see that they are conducted with the same regu-
larity and continuity as the other regular meetings of the
church.
Supplying Literature on the Sabbath.—It is generally
recognized that the Sabbath affords the most opportune
time for the church missionary secretary to place liter-
ature in the hands of the members. However, in many
places there has been serious objection to methods that
have been followed, because of their effect upon the
solemnity of the Sabbath services. In all his work on
the Sabbath, the missionary secretary should avoid any
methods that are objectionable and that would tend to
divert the attention of the congregation from true wor-
ship and reverence. This phase of our church missionary
secretary's work can be wonderfully helped by the use
of the "Order Envelope" plan. Envelopes are provided
on which the members can designate the literature they
wish to secure, the quantity, the language, bindings, etc.

The amount covering the cost of literature they are order-
ing can be put into the envelope during the week, and
placed in the basket at the time the regular offering
is received on Sabbath. At the close of the service, the
envelopes are placed in the hands of the missionary
secretary, who in turn gives the orders prompt attention
after the Sabbath is past.
The Communion Service
Among Seventh-day Adventists the communion is
customarily celebrated once each quarter. It is a serv-
ice of great solemnity and importance, and should be
attended by all church members. The practice of some
members in remaining away from this service is de-
cidedly wrong. They deprive themselves of great spir-
itual blessing in so doing.
None to Be Excluded.—"When believers assemble to
celebrate the ordinances, there are present messengers
unseen by hum'an eyes. There may be a Judas in the com-
pany, and if so, messengers from the prince of darkness
are there, for they attend all who refuse to be controlled
by the Holy Spirit. Heavenly angels also are present.
These unseen visitants are present on every such occasion.
"There may come into the company persons who are not
in heart servants of truth and holiness, but who may wish
to take part in the service. They should not be forbid-
den. There are witnesses present who were present when
Jesus washed the feet of the disciples and of Judas.
More than human eyes beheld the seene."—"The Desire
of Ages," p. 656.
Every Member Should Attend.—"None should exclude
themselves from the communion because some who are
160 Church Manual
unworthy may be present. Every disciple is called upon

to participate publicly, and thus bear witness that he
accepts Christ as a personal Saviour. It is at these, His
own appointments, that Christ meets His people and
energizes them by His presence. Hearts and hands that
are unworthy may even administer the ordinance, yet
Christ is there to minister to His children. All who come
with their faith fixed upon Him will be greatly blessed.
All who neglect these seasons of divine privilege will
suffer loss. Of them it may appropriately be said, 'Ye
are not all clean.'"—Ibid.
Unfermented Bread and Wine.—"Christ is still at the
table on which the paschal supper has been spread. The
unleavened cakes used at the Passover season are before
Him. The Passover wine, untouched by fermentation,
is on the table. These emblems Christ employs to repre-
sent His own unblemished sacrifice. Nothing corrupted
by fermentation, the symbol of sin and death, could
represent the 'Lamb without blemish and without spot.' "
—Id., p. 653.
A Memorial of the Crucifixion.—"By partaking of the
Lord's supper, the broken bread and the fruit of the
vine, we show forth the Lord's death until He comes.
The scenes of His sufferings and death are thus brought
fresh to our minds."—"Early, Writings," p. $17.
"As we receive the bread and wine symbolizing Christ's
broken body and spilled blood, we in imagination join in
the scene of communion in the upper chamber. We seem
to be passing through the garden consecrated by the
agony of Him who bore the sins of the world. We wit-
ness the struggle by which our reconciliation with God
was obtained. Christ is set forth crucified among us."—
"The Desire of Ages," p. 661.
Ordinance of Humility a Preparation for Communion.

—"Now, having washed the disciples' feet, He said,
have given you an example, that ye should do as I have
done to you.' In these words Christ was not merely
enjoining the practice of hospitality. More was meant
than the washing of the feet of guests to remove the dust
of travel. Christ was here instituting a religious service.
By the act of our Lord this humiliating ceremony was
made a consecrated ordinance. It was to be observed by
the disciples, that they might ever keep in mind His les
sons of humility and service.
"This ordinance is Christ's appointed preparation for
the sacramental service. While pride, variance, and
strife for supremacy are cherished, the heart cannot enter
into fellowship with Christ. We are not prepared to re
ceive the communion of His body and His blood. There-
fore it was that Jesus appointed the memorial of His
humiliation to be first observed."—Id., p. 650.
Suggestive Order for the Communion Service.—Before
the time for the service, all arrangements should be com-
pleted. The deaconesses should prepare the bread and
wine, provide clean linen, and set the communion table.
The deacons should prepare for the ordinance of hu-
mility.
The following order may be followed:
Song
Prayer
Song
Short Study on the Meaning of the Ordinances
Separate for Ordinance of Humility
Reassemble for Lord's Supper
Song (if desired)
Blessing Asked Upon the Bread
11
162 Church Manual
Bread Broken by Ministers or Elders

Passed to the Deacons and by Them Served to the
People
Blessing Asked Upon the Wine
Passed to the Deacons and by Them Served to
the People
Song
Dismissal
Following the service, the deaconesses clear the table,
carefully disposing of any of the bread or wine left over,
by burning the bread and pouring out the wine. They
should also wash the glasses and linen. The deacons
likewise care for the articles used in the ordinance of
humility.
Who May Conduct Communion Service.—The commun-
ion service is to be conducted by an ordained minister
or a church elder who has been ordained. Deacons, al-
though ordained, cannot conduct the service. They may,
if ordained, assist in the service by passing the bread
and wine to the members.
Communion for the Sick.—If any members are ill or
for any other reason are unable to attend the communion
service in the house of worship, a special service may be
held for them. This service can be conducted only by an
ordained minister or a church elder. He may be ac-
companied by deacons or deaconesses, who assist as in
the regular service.
The Church Board.—The church board consists of the
pastor, the elder or elders; the deacons; the clerk; the
treasurer; the missionary leader, if other than the elder;
the church missionary secretary; the Sabbath school
superintendent; and the Missionary Volunteer leader;
and where it seems advisable, two or three other mem-

bers chosen by the church at the time of its annual elec-
tion. of officers. In some countries deaconesses also are
included.
Church Board Meetings.—A meeting of the church
board should be held at least once each month. In large
churches, such meetings may have to be held even oftener
than once each month. A weekly meeting is often ad-
visable.
Many problems arise that require immediate con-
sideration. Also there are requests for church letters
and requests for admission to the church to be considered
and recommendation made to the church.
The details of church business should be considered
in these meetings. The treasurer should report the state
of church finance, with cash on hand and paid out. Each
of the other officers should give a report of the work for
which he is responsible.
The church roll should be studied. Arrangements
should be made for the sick, discouraged, or backslidden
members to be visited. The spiritual standing of all the
members should be inquired into. Plans should be con-
sidered for enlisting all in active missionary service.
School Board Meetings.—In some churches maintain-
ing a church school this work is fostered by the election
of a church school board. A chairman is selected, who
presides over the meetings of this board. A secretary
is selected to keep the records of board meetings and ac-
tions. This board should plan to hold its meetings at
regular times. Special meetings may be called by the
chairman when the need arises. Some churches prefer
to have the church board serve also as the school board.
164 Church Manual
Parrents' Meetings.—An important work of the church

is the education of parents for their duties and respon-
sibilities. The Testimonies tell us that "the work of
parents underlies every other," and that parents must
"receive a training for their sacred responsibilities."
Such a training should be received by young men and
women before ever the obligations of parenthood are
assumed; but as this is seldom the ease, those who are
already parents should exert themselves to remedy the
lack. A course of training for parents is provided by
the Home Commission of the General Conference, and
is carried on through the Mothers' Society or the Par-
ents' Council, organized in the local church.
The local Mothers' Society or Parents' Council is or-
ganized very simply, with a leader and a secretary, and
if necessary assistants. Meeting usually twice a month,
this society carries on the study under the direction and
with the aid of the Home Commission. Since "the suc-
cess of the church depends upon home influences," every
church should insure the formation and maintenance of
one or both of these parents' societies.
Business Meetings.—Chureh business meetings may be
held monthly, or quarterly, or yearly, according to the
needs of each church. At this meeting full information
should be given to the congregation regarding the work-
ings of the church; and in the case of a yearly meeting,
reports should be rendered covering the activities of the
church for the year. Where possible, these reports
should be presented in writing and should include the fol-
lowing:
1. A report from the clerk, showing the number of
members received and dismissed during the year, the
present membership of the church, and a brief statement
of those decisions arrived at by the officers in their meet-

ings which it would be of interest and benefit for the
church to know.
2. A report from the missionary secretary, giving a
full statement of missionary activities, together with any
plans for future work.
3. A report from the treasurer, showing the amount
of tithe received and forwarded to the conference treas-
urer; also a full statement of missionary offerings re-
ceived and forwarded; and a statement showing local
church funds received and disbursed.
4. A report from the deacons concerning their activi-
ties in behalf of the poor and any other features that
come under their supervision.
5. A report from the secretary of the young people's
society, outlining the activities in missionary and other
lines by the young people of the church.
6. A report from the Sabbath school secretary, giving
the membership and other matters pertaining to the Sab-
bath school.
Place of Music in Divine Service.—"Musie can be a
great power for good; yet we do not make the most of
this branch of worship. The singing is generally done
from impulse or to meet special cases; and at other times
those who sing are left to blunder along, and the music
loses its proper effect upon the minds of those present.
Music should have beauty, pathos, and power. Let the
voices be lifted in songs of praise and devotion. Call
to your aid, if practicable, instrumental music, and let the
glorious harmony ascend to God, an acceptable offering."
—"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. IV, p. 71.
With the Spirit and the Understanding.—"In their
efforts to reach the people, the Lord's messengers are
166 Church Manual
not to follow the ways of the world. In the meetings that

are held, they are not to depend on worldly singers and
theatrical display to awaken an interest. How can
those who have no interest in the word of God, who
have never read His word with a sincere desire to under-
stand its truths, be expected to sing with the spirit and
the understanding? How can their hearts be in harmony
with the words of sacred song? How can the heavenly
choir join in music that is only a form?
"The evil of formal worship cannot be too strongly
depicted, but no words can properly set forth the deep
blessedness of genuine worship. When human beings
sing with the spirit and the understanding, heavenly
musicians take up the strain, and join in the song of
thanksgiving. He who has bestowed upon us all the gifts
that enable us to be workers together with God, expects
His servants to cultivate their voices, so that they can
speak and sing in a way that all can understand. It is
not loud singing that is needed, but clear intonation,
correct pronunciation, and distinct utterance. Let all
take time to cultivate the voice, so that God's praise
can be sung in clear, soft tones, not with harshness and
shrillness that offend the ear. The ability to sing is the
gift of God; let it be used to His glory.
"In the meetings held, let a number be chosen to take
part in the song service. And let the singing be accom-
panied with musical instruments skillfully handled. We
are not to oppose the use of instrumental music in our
work. This part of the service is to be carefully con-
ducted; for it is the praise of God in song.
"The singing is not always to be done by a few. As
often as possible, let the entire congregation join."—
"Testimonies for the Church," Vol. IX, pp. 143, 144.
Selecting Choir Leaders.—Great care should be used in

selecting choir leaders or those who are to have charge
of the music in the services of the church. Only those
who are known to be thoroughly consecrated should be
chosen for this part of the church work. Untold harm
may be done by selecting unconsecrated leaders. Those
lacking in judgment as to the selection of proper and
appropriate music for divine worship should not be
chosen. Secular music or that of a doubtful or ques-
tionable nature should never be introduced into our
church services.
In arranging for special music, choir leaders should
consult the speaker where possible, in order to select
songs that harmonize with the theme of the sermon. The
choir leader is under the direction of the pastor or elders
of the church, and does not work independently of them.
He should counsel with them, not only over the music to
be rendered, but also over the selection of singers and
musicians. The choir leader as such is not a member of
the church board.
Church Choirs.—Sacred music is an important part
of public worship. The church has as much need and
right to select only those as choir members who rightly
represent the principles of the church, as it does in the
selection of its officers. Choir members occupy a con-
spicuous place in the services of the church. Their ability
as singers is only part of the qualifications they should
have. They should be members of the church, and of
sober and dignified bearing. In their personal appear-
ance and manner of dress they should fully conform to
all the standards of the church, setting a good example
in modesty and decorum to the other church members.
People of uncertain consecration or questionable char-
168 Clvarch Manual
acter, or those improperly dressed, should not be per-

mitted to participate in the musical features of our
services. The church officers are responsible for carrying
out this rule.
Unauthorized Speakers.—Our churches have often been
imposed upon by having unworthy persons invited to
speak to them. Under no circumstances should a min-
ister, elder, or other church officer invite strangers or any
unauthorized persons to take any service, or to speak in
or take part in a public way in any service or meeting of
the church. Sometimes men who have been dropped from
the ministry, or who have been dismissed from church
fellowship in other places, or designing persons who have
had no connection with the church, will appear and with
plausible words gain admittance to our churches. Great
care should be exercised to prevent this. Every one
worthy of the confidence of our churches will be able
to identify himself by producing proper credentials. All
others should be excluded. No deviation from this rule
should be permitted. It is the duty of every elder, min-
ister, and conference president to see that this rule is car-
ried out.
Annowncements.—Thoughtful consideration should be
given by those in charge of church services, both as to
the length and the character of the announcements they
make during the Sabbath service. Often announcements
are handed in dealing with all kinds of secular matters
that are in no way connected with the Sabbath worship
or the work of the church. Ministers and church officers
should be very careful to exclude all such announce-
ments, maintaining even in this respect a proper spirit
of Sabbath observance.
Hospitality.—A spirit of hospitality should be cul-

tivated in every church. Nothing is so deadening to the
spiritual life of a church as a cold, formal atmosphere
that drives out all hospitality and Christian fellowship.
Every member should cultivate this essential element of
real Christian life and experience. Especially should
this be so in connection with the worship of God. Every
stranger who worships with us should be cordially wel-
comed and treated with respect. It is the duty of the
church officers to arrange for some one to give special
attention to welcoming the strangers who attend the
services of the church. "Be not forgetful to entertain
strangers: for thereby some have entertained angels
unawares." Heb. 13: 2.
Section IX—Sabbath Observance
The Sabbath Made by Jesus.—"He said unto them,
The Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the
Sabbath: therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the
Sabbath." Mark 2: 27, 28.
"All things were made by Him; and without Him was
not anything made that was made." John 1: 3.
"And to make all men see what is the fellowship of the
mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath
been hid in God, who created all things by Jesus Christ."
Eph. 3: 9.
"Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days
shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh
day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt
not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter,
thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle,
nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days
the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that
in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the
Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it." Ex.
20: 8-11.
Instruction in Sabbath Observance.—"In establishing
new churches, ministers should give careful instruction as
to the proper observance of the Sabbath. We must be
guarded, lest the lax practices that prevail among Sunday
keepers shall be followed by those who profess to ob-
serve God's holy rest day. The line of demarcation is
to be made clear and distinct between those who bear
the mark of God's kingdom and those who bear the sign
170
Sabbath Observance 171
of the kingdom of rebellion."—"Testimonies for the

Church," Vol. 771, p. 353.
Preparation for the Sabbath.—"At the very beginning
of the fourth commandment the Lord said, 'Remember.'
He knew that amid the multitude of cares and perplex-
ities man would be tempted to excuse himself from meet-
ing the full requirement of the law, or would forget its
sacred importance. Therefore He said, 'Remember the
Sabbath day, to keep it holy.' Ex. 20: 8.
"All through the week we are to have the Sabbath in
mind, and be making preparation to keep it according to
the commandment. We are not merely to observe the
Sabbath as a legal matter. We are to understand its
spiritual bearing upon all the transactions of life. All
who regard the Sabbath as a sign between them and
God, showing that He is the God who sanctifies them,
will represent the principles of His government. They
will bring into daily practice the laws of His kingdom.
Daily it will be their prayer that the sanctification of
the Sabbath may rest upon them. Every day they will
have the companionship of Christ, and will exemplify
the perfection of His character. Every day their light
will shine forth to others in good works.
"In all that pertains to the success of God's work, the
very first victories are to be won in the home life. Here
the preparation for the Sabbath must begin. Through-
out the week let parents remember that their home is to be
a school in which their children shall be prepared for
the courts above. Let their words be right words. No
words which their children should not hear are to escape
their lips. Let the spirit be kept free from irritation.
Parents, during the week live as in the sight of a holy
172 Church Manual
God, who has given you children to train for Him.

Train for Him the little church in your home, that on
the Sabbath all may be prepared to worship in the Lord's
sanctuary. Each morning and evening present your
children to God as His blood-bought heritage. Teach
them that it is their highest duty and privilege to
love and serve God.
"Parents should be particular to make the worship of
God an object lesson for their children. Passages of
Scripture should be more often on their lips, especially
those passages that prepare the heart for religious serv-
ice. The precious words might well be often repeated,
`My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation
is from Him.' Ps. 62: 5.
"When the Sabbath is thus remembered, the temporal
will not be allowed to encroach upon the spiritual. No
duty pertaining to the six working days will be left for
the Sabbath. During the week our energies will not be
so exhausted in temporal labor that on the day when
the Lord rested and was refreshed we shall be too weary
to engage in His service."--/d., pp. 353, 354.
SECTION X-MARRIAGE
Marriage a Sacred Belationship.—"The family tie is
the closest, the most tender and sacred, of any on earth.
It was designed to be a blessing to mankind. And it is
a blessing wherever the marriage covenant is entered into
intelligently, in the fear of God, and with due considera-
tion for its responsibilities."—"Ministry of Healing," pp.
356, 357.
Unscriptural Marriage Forbidden.—"Be ye not un-
equally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fel-
lowship hath righteousness with unrighteousnessI and
what communion hath light with darkness? and what
concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he
that believeth with an infidel? and what agreement hath
the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of
the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them,
and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they
shall be My people. Wherefore come out from among
them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not
the unclean thing; and I will receive you, and will be a
Father unto you, and ye shall be My sons and daughters,
saith the Lord Almighty." 2 Cor. 6: 14-18.
"Great care should be taken by Christian youth in the
formation of friendships and in the choice of companions.
Take heed, lest what you now think to be pure gold turns
out to be base metal. Worldly associations tend to place
obstructions in the way of your service to God, and many
souls are ruined by unhappy unions, either business or
matrimonial, with those who can never elevate or ennoble.
173
174 Church Manual
Never should God's people venture upon forbidden

ground. Marriage between believers and unbelievers is
forbidden by God."—"Fundamentals of Christian Edu-
cation," p. 500.
"The Lord commanded Israel not to make marriages with
the idolatrous nations around them. 'Thy daughter thou
shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take
unto thy son. For they will turn away thy son from follow-
ing Me, that they may serve other gods; so will the anger
of the Lord be kindled against you, and destroy thee sud-
denly.' For thou art a holy people unto the Lord thy
God; the Lord thy God bath chosen thee to be a special
people unto Himself, above all people that are upon
the face of the earth. The Lord did not set His love
upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in num-
ber than any people, for ye were the fewest of all
people; but because the Lord loved you, and because
He would keep the oath which He had sworn unto your
fathers.'
"Here are positive directions that reach down to our
time. God is speaking to us in these last days, and He
will be understood and obeyed."—"Testimonies for the
Church," Vol. V, p. 358.
Ministers Should Not Perform Marriage Ceremony of
Believers With Unbelievers.—It is contrary to the prac-
tice and policy of the church for a minister to officiate
at the marriage ceremony of a believer with an unbeliever.
This is understood to apply equally to proposed mar-
riages between members of the church and members or
adherents of other faiths. A minister derives all his
authority and powers from the church, and under no cir-
cumstances should he use these contrary to the usages
and practices of the body granting his credentials.
Marriage 175
Ordained Ministers Only May Perform Marriage Cere-

mony.—Under no circumstances does the church recog-
nize the right of a local church elder, even though
ordained to his office, or a licensed minister, to perform
the marriage ceremony. Only ordained ministers holding
credentials are authorized to perform such ceremonies.
General Conference Action on Marriage.—
"WEEREas, Our experience has taught us that disre-
gard of the plain counsel of the word of God respecting
the marriage of our people with unbelievers or those not
of our faith, often leads to sorrow, disappointment, and
shipwreck of faith; therefore,
"Resolved, That we urge our workers of experience to
give counsel and instruction on the subject of marriage to
our young people at appropriate times and places, em-
phasizing the sacredness of the marriage covenant, and
the need of divine guidance in taking any step vitally
affecting their future happiness and usefulness, as well as
warning against the danger of marriage with unbelievers
or those of a different faith; and further,
"Resolved, That in the marriage ceremony, simplicity
be observed, and that some such simple formula as that,
in the 'Manual for Ministers' be used; also that we look
with disfavor upon the ring ceremony, and upon our
ministers' officiating at marriages of believers with un-
believers or with those not of our faith."—Autumn Coun-
cil Actions, 1925, pp. 12, 13.
Divorce
General Conference Action on Divorce.—"In view of
the alarming increase in the number of divorces in the
world, and of the growing disregard for the sacred vows
176 Church. Manual
of marriage, many seemingly considering marriage only

a temporary social adventure, to be entered into lightly
and abandoned at will; and,
"WHEREAS, There is constant danger that our people
will be drawn away by the spirit of the times and look
with complaisance upon that which the word of God
condemns; therefore, be it—
"Resolved, That we greatly deplore the evil of divorce,
and place our emphatic disapproval upon any legal action
for the separation of those once married, on any ground
other than that given in Matthew 5: 32."—Id., p. 13.
Reconciliation Where Possible.—The church should, in
all cases where discord and unfaithfulness threaten to
disrupt family ties, endeavor to help the affected parties
to an experience in forgiveness and reconciliation that
will preserve the home and restore the offending ones,
and thus save them from having, recourse to civil courts
in divorce actions. However, sin must not be passed over
or condoned. Through the properly constituted authority
the church must administer discipline in the maintenance
of a high standard of moral purity and integrity.
Right of Minister to Officiate at the Remarriage of a
Divorced Member.—The church does not recognize the
right of a minister to officiate at the remarriage of mem-
bers who have been divorced, except on Scriptural
grounds. For this reason no minister knowingly shall
solemnize the marriage of any person who has been or is
the husband or wife of any person now living from whom
he or she has been divorced for any cause arising after
marriage, except on Scriptural grounds; nor shall any
member continue in church fellowship who enters upon
a marriage when either of the contracting parties is the
Marriage 177
husband or the wife of any other living person from

whom he or she has been divorced for any cause arising
after marriage, except upon Scriptural grounds.
"In the sermon on the mount, Jesus declared plainly
that there could be no dissolution of the marriage tie
except for unfaithfulness to the marriage vow. 'Every
one,' He said, 'that putteth away his wife, saving for
the cause of fornication, maketh her an adulteress; and
whosoever shall marry her when she is put away corn-
mitteth adultery.' "—"Mount of Blessing," p. 99. There-
fore this instruction does not apply to the innocent party
in the divorce for adultery. The right, therefore, of
the innocent party to a divorce secured on Scriptural
grounds, to remarry, is recognized.
The right to remarry of the guilty party to a divorce
secured on Scriptural grounds, is not recognized. The
right of either party to a divorce secured on any other
than Scriptural grounds, to remarry, is not recognized
by the church.
In cases of divorced members claiming the right to re-
marry on Scriptural grounds, it is the duty of the offi-
ciating minister to investigate carefully all the circum-
stances, and make request of the applicants that they
secure satisfactory evidence of the facts in the case, in-
cluding a copy of the decree of the court and record, if
practicable, with proof that the defendant was personally
served or appeared in the action. If still in doubt, the
officiating minister should seek counsel from the confer-
ence officers before proceeding with the ceremony.
General Conference Action on Moral Standards.—"We

have reached the days of peril foretold by the Scrip-
tures. Spiritual declension and moral degeneracy exist
12
178 Church Manual
on every side. The days typified by the times of Noah

and Lot are here. Skepticism not only walks abroad
in boastful arrogance, but masquerades under the guise
of Christian names and ethics, and finds ready entrance
to the hearts of many professed Christians. Moral im-
purity is threatening the lives of thousands. The mar-
riage relation instituted by a wise Creator for the pro-
tection of the home, as a bulwark of society, and as a
barrier against license, has become the target of special
attack by the enemy of all righteousness. Divorce, often-
times based upon the most trivial excuses, is alarmingly
on the increase. . . . Worldly amusements, with their
suggestive portrayal of sin and crime; pernicious litera-
ture, with its insinuating appeal to infidelity and im-
purity,—these unholy influences are honeycombing so-
ciety, destroying the home, and weakening the state. The
church of Christ, surrounded by these evil influences, must
stand in the purity and integrity of her high and holy
calling, loyal to the truth and to the principles of sim-
plicity, modesty, and dignity which characterize the
followers of the pure and holy Saviour.
"In view of these conditions, and the dangers which
confront the church, we sound the following solemn
warnings to our brethren and sisters throughout the
world :
"Recognizing that the true objective of this movement
is to prepare a people for translation into the presence of
a pure and holy God, and that this calls for a ministry
whose leadership is deeply spiritual and pure, and above
every taint of the moral corruption prevailing in this
evil age; therefore,
"Resolved, That this General Conference Council, speak-
ing for the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, hereby
Marriage 179
declares in unqualified terms against everything that in

thought, word, or act tends toward that which is im-
moral, and also places itself on record as requiring of
all conference and institutional workers careful atten-
tion to those principles that make for clean thinking and
living, in order that our church and institutions may be
under the leadership of men whose lives are above re-
proach.
"We also recommend, 1. That as a means of maintain-
ing the integrity of the ministry, where a conference com-
mittee is obliged to deal with a worker on account of
improper conduct, a written statement of this be made
to the officers of the union involved, and also to the
General Conference officers.
"2. That our churches use great care in maintaining
the highest standard of moral conduct in the lives of
their members, giving attention to the proper instruction
of our young people in an endeavor to shield them from
the evil influences of this age.
"3. That diligence in church discipline be used in
maintaining the highest moral standards in the church."
—Autumn Council Actions, 19f5, pp. 11, 12.
Section XI—Fundamental Beliefs of
Seventh-day Adventists
SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS hold certain fundamental

beliefs, the prlueipal features of which, together with a
portion of the Scriptural references upon which they are
based, may be summarized as follows:
1. That the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa-
ments were given by inspiration of God, contain an all-
sufficient revelation of His will to men, and are the only
unerring rule of faith and practice. 2 Tim. 3: 15-17.
2. That the Godhead, or Trinity, consists of the Eter-
nal Father, a personal, spiritual Being, omnipotent,
omnipresent, omniscient, infinite in wisdom and love; the
Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the Eternal Father, through
whom all things were created and through whom the sal-
vation of the redeemed hosts will be accomplished; the
Holy Spirit, the third person of the Godhead, the great
regenerating power in the work of redemption. Matt.
28: 19.
3. That Jesus Christ is very God, being of the same
nature and essence as the Eternal Father. While re-
taining His divine nature, He took upon Himself the
nature of the human family, lived on the earth as a man,
exemplified in His life as our example the principles of
righteousness, attested His relationship to God by many
mighty miracles, died for our sins on the cross, was
raised from the dead, and ascended to the Father, where
He ever lives to make intercession for us. John 1: 1, 14;
Heb. 2: 9-18; 8: 1, 2; 4:14-16; 7: 25.
180
Fundamental Belle f s 181
4. That every person in order to obtain salvation must

experience the new birth; that this comprises an entire
transformation of life and character by the re-creative
power of God through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.
John 3: 16; Matt. 18: 3; Aets 2: 37-39.
5. That baptism is an ordinance of the Christian
church, and should follow repentance and forgiveness of
sins. By its observance faith is shown in the death,
burial, and resurrection of Christ. That the proper form
of baptism is by immersion. Rom. 6: 1-6; Acts 16: 30-33.
6. That the will of God as it relates to moral conduct
is comprehended in His law of ten commandments; that
these are great moral, unchangeable precepts, binding
upon all men. in every age. Ex. 20: 1-17.
7. That the fourth commandment of this unchangeable
law requires the observance of the seventh-day Sabbath.
This holy institution is at the same time a memorial of
creation and a sign of sanctification, a sign of the be-
liever's rest from his own works of sin, and his entrance
into the rest of soul which Jesus promises to those who
come to Him. Gen. 2: 1-3; Ex. 20: 8-11; 31: 12-17;
Heb. 4: 1-10.
8. That the law of ten commandments points out sin,
the penalty of which is death. The law cannot save the
transgressor from his sin, nor impart power to keep him
from sinning. In infinite love and mercy, God provides
a way whereby this may be done. He furnishes a sub-
stitute, even Christ the righteous one, to die in man's
stead, makihg "Him to be sin for us, who knew no sin;
that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him."
2 Cor. 5: 21. That one is justified, not by obedience to
the law, but by the grace that is in Christ Jesus. By
accepting Christ, man is reconciled to God, justified by
182 Church Manual
His blood for the sins of the past, and saved from the
power of sin by His indwelling life. Thus the gospel
becomes "the power of God unto salvation to every one
that believeth." This experience is wrought by the
divine agency of the Holy Spirit, who convinces of sin
and leads to the Sin Bearer, inducting the believer into
the new-covenant relationship, where the law of God is
written on his heart, and through the enabling power of
the indwelling Christ, his life is brought into conformity
to the divine precepts. The honor and merit of this
wonderful transformation belong wholly to Christ. 1
John 3: 4; Rom. 7: 7; 3:20; Eph. 2: 8-10; 1 John 2: 1,
2; Rom. 5: 8-10; Gal. 2: 20; Eph. 3: 17; Heb. 8: 8-12.
9. That God only hath immortality. Mortal man pos-
sesses a nature inherently sinful and dying. Immortality
and eternal life come only through the gospel, and are
bestowed as the free gift of God at the second advent of
Jesus Christ our Lord. 1 Tim. 6: 15, 16; 1 Cor. 15:
51-55.
10. That the condition of man in death is one of un-
consciousness. That all men, good and evil alike, remain
in the grave from death to the resurrection. Ecel. 9: 5, 6;
Ps. 146: 3, 4; John 5: 28, 29.
11. That there shall be a resurrection both of the just
and of the unjust. The resurrection of the just will
take place at the second coming of Christ; the resurrec-
tion of the unjust will take place a thousand years later,
at the close of the millennium. John 5: 28, 29; 1 Thess.
4: 13-18; Rev. 20: 5-10.
12. That the finally impenitent, including Satan, the
author of sin, will, by the fires of the last day, be reduced
to a state of nonexistence, becoming as though they had
not been, thus purging the universe of God of sin and
Fundamental Beliefs 183
sinners. Rom. 6: 23; Mal. 4: 1-3; Rev. 20: 9, 10; Oba-

diah 16.
13. That no prophetic period is given in the Bible to
reach to the second advent, but that the longest one, the
2300 days of Daniel 8: 14, terminated in 1844, and
brought us to an event called the cleansing of the sanc-
tuary.
14. That the true sanctuary, of which the tabernacle
on earth was a type, is the temple of God in heaven, of
which Paul speaks in Hebrews 8 and onward, and of
which the Lord Jesus, as our great High Priest, is min-
ister; and that the priestly work of our Lord is the
antitype of the work of the Jewish priests of the former
dispensation; that this heavenly sanctuary is the one to
be cleansed at the end of the 2300 days of Daniel 8: 14;
its cleansing being, as in the type, a work of judgment,
beginning with the entrance of Christ as the High Priest
upon the judgment phase of His ministry in the heavenly
sanctuary, foreshadowed in the earthly service of cleans-
ing the sanctuary on the day of atonement. This work
of judgment in the heavenly sanctuary began in 1844.
Its completion will close human probation.
15. That God, in the time of the judgment and in
accordance with His uniform dealing with the human
family in warning them of coming events vitally affecting
their destiny (Amos 3: 6, 7), sends forth a proclamation
of the approach of the second advent of Christ; that
this work is symbolized by the three angels of Revelation
14; and that their threefold message brings to view a
work of reform to prepare a people to meet Him at His
coming.
16. That the time of the cleansing of the sanctuary,
synchronizing with the period of the proclamation of the
184 Church, Manual
message of Revelation 14, is a time of investigative

judgment, first with reference to the dead, and secondly,
with reference to the living. This investigative judg-
ment determines who of the myriads sleeping in the dust
of the earth are worthy of a part in the first resurrection,
and who of its living multitudes are worthy of transla-
tion. 1 Peter 4: 17, 18; Dan. 7: 9, 10; Rev. 14: 6, 7;
Luke 20: 35.
17. That the followers of Christ should be a godly
people, not adopting the unholy maxims nor conforming
to the unrighteous ways of the world, not loving its sin-
ful pleasures nor countenancing its follies. That the
believer should recognize his body as the temple of the
Holy Spirit, and that therefore he should clothe that
body in neat, modest, dignified apparel. Further, that in
eating and drinking and in his entire course of conduct
he should shape his life as becometh a follower of the
meek and lowly Master. Thus the believer will be led
to abstain from all intoxicating drinks, tobacco, and other
narcotics, and to avoid every body- and soul-defiling
habit and practice. 1 Cor. 3: 16, 17; 9: 25; 10: 31; 1
Tim. 2: 9, 10; 1 John 2: 6.
18. That the divine principle of tithes and offerings
for the support of the gospel is an acknowledgment of
God's ownership in our lives, and that we are stewards
who must render account to Him of all that He has
committed to our possession. Lev. 27: 30; Mal. 3: 8-12;
Matt. 23: 23; 1 Cor. 9: 9-14; 2 Cor. 9: 6-15.
19. That God has placed in His church the gifts of
the Holy Spirit, as enumerated in 1 Corinthians 12 and
Ephesians 4. That these gifts operate in harmony with
the divine principles of the Bible, and are given for the
perfecting of the saints, the work of the ministry, the
Fundannental Beliefs 185
edifying of the body of Christ. Rev. 12: 17; 19: 10;

1 Cor. 1: 5-7.
20. That the second coming of Christ is the great hope
of the church, the grand climax of the gospel and plan
of salvation. His coming will be literal, personal, and
visible. Many important events will be associated with
His return, such as the resurrection of the dead, the
destruction of the wicked, the purification of the earth,
the reward of the righteous, the establishment of His
everlasting kingdom. The almost complete fulfillment of
various lines of prophecy, particularly those found in
the books of Daniel and the Revelation, with existing
conditions in the physical, social, industrial, political,
and religious worlds, indicates that Christ's coming "is
near, even at the doors." The exact time of that event
has not been foretold. Believers are exhorted. to be
ready, for "in such an hour as ye think not, the Son of
man" will be revealed. Luke 21: 25-27; 17: 26-30; John
14: 1-3; Acts 1: 9-11; Rev. 1: 7; Heb. 9: 28; James 5:
1-8; Joel 3: 9-16; 2 Tim. 3: 1-5; Dan. 7: 27; Matt. 24:
36, 44.
21. That the millennial reign of Christ covers the
period between the first and the second resurrection, dur-
ing which time the saints of all ages will live with their
blessed Redeemer in heaven. At the end of the millen-
nium, the Holy City with all the saints will descend to
the earth. The wicked, raised in the second resurrection,
will go up on the breadth of the earth with Satan at
their head to compass the camp of the saints, when fire
will come down from God out of heaven and devour them.
In the conflagration which destroys Satan and his host,
the earth itself will be regenerated and cleansed from the
effects of the curse. Thus the universe of Goa will be
186 Church Manual
purified from the foul blot of sin. Revelation 20; Zech.

14: 1-4; 2 Peter 3: 7-10.
22. That God will make all things new. The earth,
restored to its pristine beauty, will become forever the
abode of the saints of the Lord. The promise to Abra-
ham, that through Christ he and his seed should possess
the earth throughout the endless ages of eternity, will be
fulfilled. The kingdom and dominion and the greatness
of the kingdom under the whole heaven will be given to
the people of the saints of the Most High, whose kingdom
is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve
and obey Him. Christ, the Lord, will reign supreme,
and every creature which is in heaven and on the earth
and under the earth, and such as are in the sea will
ascribe blessing and honor and glory and power unto Him
that sitteth upon the throne and unto the Lamb forever
and ever. Gen. 13: 14-17; Rom. 4: 13; Heb. 11: 8-16;
Matt 5: 5; Isaiah 35; Rev. 21: 1-7; Dan. 7: 27; Rev.
5: 13.—Seventh-day Adventist Year Book, 1931.
Index
Absence, after two years member may be dropped 97
Absent, members, and not reporting 97
Action, maintaining unity in, is necessary 8
Activities, missionary, elder fosters 26
Administrative, work of departmental secretaries not 136
Aged and infirm, duty of local church to minister to S4
Announcements 168
Annuities 105, 115, 116
Apparel of followers of Christ 184
Appeal, right of, for reinstatement 98
Assisting the needy 127
Association, Home and School 64, 65
Audited, treasurers' books should be 40
Auditing 132
Authority, limitation of elders in receiving and dismiss-
ing members 30
Authority of church 93
Authority, positions of, in the church 20
Authority, representative, of delegates 10
Auxiliary organizations, plans for 17
Avoiding debt 129, 130
Bands, Missionary Volunteer 58

Bank account, for the church 39
Baptism, a gospel requirement 73
Baptism, a prerequisite to church membership 73
Baptism, elder to arrange with conference president for
administering rite of 27
Baptism, mode of by immersion 78
Baptism, ordinance of the Christian church 181
Baptism, preparation for 74
Baptism, proper attire for 79
Baptism, public examination previous to 74
Baptism, renunciation of world 73
Baptismal ceremony 79
187
188 Church Manual
Baptismal service, deacons assist in 32

Baptismal service, deaconesses assist in 35
Beliefs, fundamental 180
Bequests, to religious institutions limited 115
Bible workers, 140
Big Week, elder should promote. 27, 28
Birth, new, necessary to salvation 181
Board, church, cannot disfellowship 96
Board, church, cannot grant church letters 84
Board, church, may recommend receiving or dismissing
members 30
Board, church, meetings 163
Board, church, membership of 162
Board, church, pastor usually serves as chairman 26
Body, one in Christ 7
Book and Bible House secretaries 141
Books, treasurers', should be audited 40
Budget, church, for local expenses 127
Budget, sample 127, 128
Budget system, financial support of mission work 124
Business, church members vote on 10
Business meetings 164
Care, to exercise in dealing with one another 92

Censure, vote of 100
Ceremony, marriage, local elder cannot perform 27
Chairman church board, pastor usually serves as 26
Checks, proper method of making out 39
Choirs 167
Choir leaders, selecting 167
Choosing delegates 11
Choosing officers, importance of 17
Christ, Lord Jesus 180
Christ, one body in 7
Christ, second coming of 93
Christians to be godly people 184
Church, authority of 93
Church board, cannot disfellowship 96
Church board, cannot grant church letters 84
Church board, may recommend receiving or dismissing
members 30
Index 189
Church board, membership of 162

Church board, meetings of 162
Church board, no jurisdiction over nominating committee 69
Church, body of Christ 7
Church, budget for local expenses 127
Church choirs 167
Church, chooses delegates 11
Church clerk 35
Church, conference 84
Church, decisions settled by majority vote of 70
Church, delegations not to direct voting 14
Church, discipline 88
Church, does not recognize right to remarry of either
party to divorce secured on other than Scriptural
grounds 177
Church, does not recognize right to remarry of guilty
party to divorce secured on Scriptural grounds 177
Church elder 23
Church elder, fosters all lines of work 25, 26
Church elder, ordained by ordained minister 24
Church elder, work of, local 25
Church elections 66
Church elections, list of officers 67, 68
Church, God's instrumentality for order and discipline 92
Church, God's purpose for 71
Church government, four forms 9
Church, individual, cannot establish tests of fellowship 86
Church letter, to be made out by clerk 81
Church letters, method of granting 80, 81
Church, local, no authority outside its own body 14
Church, local, relation of sustentation workers to 145
Church meetings 151
Church membership 71
Church missionary meeting 156
Church missionary organization 41
Church must be guarded 19
Church, not to receive unknown persons as members 79
Church officers, all should be tithe payers 29
Church officers, duties of 17
Church officers, elected for one year 24
Church officers, respect and deference due to 20
190 Church Mau/ual
Church, organization of individual 8

Church pastor appointed by conference committee 67
Church, power to act in Christ's stead 92
Church property 7
Church property, deacons to care for 32
Church records, kept by clerk 38
Church relationship, sacredness of 21
Church, responsible for dealing with sin 93
Church, services of 147
Church, some desire to introduce changes Into 22
Church treasurer 38
Church trials 101
Church, united body of individual believers 8
Church, vote of, in receiving and dismissing members 30
Church, work of, carried on through its elected officers 15
Church work, relation of ordained minister to 137
Church, would go to fragments with no discipline 93
Churches, disbanding 101
Churches, disbanding for disciplinary reasons 103
Churches, do not elect pastor 138
Churches, elect delegates to local conference sessions 10
Churches, uniting 102
Clerk, handles all correspondence in transferring mem-
bers 36
Clerk, has no authority to add or drop names without
vote of church 36, 84
Clerk, keeps church records 38
Clerk, keeps membership list 36
Clerk, makes out church letters 81
Clerk, secretary of all church business meetings 35
Clerk, the church 35
Clerk, to correspond with absent members 36
Collections, treasurer takes charge of 39
Coming, second, of Christ 185
Commandment, fourth 181
Commandments, ten 181
Committeee, conference, cannot confer on local elder
status of ordained minister 25
Committee, division, may modify plans 16
Committee, Executive, of General Conference, highest
authority between sessions 9
Index 191
Committee, nominating, for church election 66

Committee, Minority, of General Conference, authority
and decisions defined 9
Committees, conference, duties of 15
Communion, ordinance of humility a preparation for 161
Communion service 159
Communion service, to be conducted only by ordained
minister or church elder 27
Communion service, every member should attend .. 159, 160
Communion service, for the sick 162
Communion service, in absence of minister, elder con-
ducts 27
Communion service, ministerial licentiate not to conduct 27
Communion service, suggestive order of 161, 162
Communion service, who may conduct 162
Conference, cannot establish test of fellowship 86
Conference church 84
Conference church, officers of 85
Conference committee, appoints pastor 67
Conference committee, cannot confer on local elder
status of ordained minister 25
Conference committee, duties of 14, 15
Conference delegations, not to direct vote 14
Conference, division, election of officers 12
Conference, General, body embracing whole church
Conference, General, creates subordinate organizations 9
Conference, General, representation 12. 13
Conference, General, term 12
Conference, General, the highest authority 9
Conference, General, unites all believers in one body 8
Conference, local, term 12
Conference, local, united body of churches 8
Conference officers, duty to prepare business for com-
mittee 15
Conference officers, elected by delegates from churches 10
Conference officers, have delegated authority 14
Conference officers, not answerable to any local church 14
Conference officers, responsibility of 14
Conference officers, to be counseled as to procedure in
church trials 101
Conference president 134
192 Clintra, Mantua
Conference session, acts in all cases of disbanded

churches 104
Conference sessions, delegates to 10
Conference, union, term 12
Conference, union, united body of conferences 8
Conference workers, to set ex.iinple in tithe paying 123
Conferences, local, send delegates to union conferencv
sessions 10
Conferences, union, send delegates to General Conference
sessions 10
Congregational form of church government 10
Co-operation of elder in carrying out plans 27
Corporations 105
Correspondence, elder should regard all 28
Credentials 142. 143, 144
Credentials, expired 144
Crucifixion, communion a memorial of 160
Deacon, cannot officiate in receiving or dismissing mem-
bers 33
Deacon, cannot perform marriage ceremony 33
Deacons 30
Deacons, assist in church ordinances 32, 33
Deacons, board of, organize 31
Deacons, care for church property 32
Deacons, do not celebrate any ordinances of the church 33
Deacons, elected for one year 31
Deacons, large church should elect more than one 31
Deacons, must be ordained 32
Deacons, responsibility in caring for sick and poor .. 33, 34
Deaconesses, assist at baptismal service 35
Deaconesses, assist in ordinances 34, 35
Deaconesses, board of, in large churches 35
Deaconesses, qualifications of 34
Dealing with erring members 88
Debt, avoiding 120, 130
Deceased members, names dropped by clerk 87
Decorum, in place of meeting 150
Defense. members right to be heard in own 97
Defunct churches disbanding 101
Delegate, each accountable to leadership of the Holy
Spirit 14
Index 193
Delegates, choosing 11
Delegates' credentials, filled out by clerk 37
Delegates, duty of 14
Delegates, elder should see that all are elected 28
Delegates, elected by church to conference sessions 10
Delegates, have authority to elect conference officers 10
Delegates, manner of choosing 11
Delegates, responsible for work as a whole 14
Departmental secretaries, directed by president and com-
mittee 135
Differences between organizations, may be appealed to
higher body 9
Disaffection, remedy that will cure 90
Disbanding churches 101
Disbanding churches, for disciplinary reasons 103
Discipline, church 88
Discipline, church, God's means for preservation 92
Discipline, church, instruction on administering 88
Discipline, church, unconsecrated resist 94
Discipline, members under, cannot be granted letters 83
Discipline, no neglect of proper 92
Discipline of church, refusing to submit to, may be rea-
son for disfellowshiping 100
Discipline, purpose of, to restore erring 101
Disfellowship, by majority vote 96
Disfellowship, church board cannot 96
Disfellowship, only after all other efforts have been made
to restore erring 99
Disfellowshiped, members not to be conditionally 96
Disfellowshiped members, reinstating 98
Disfellowshiped members, seeking reinstatement 85
Disfellowshiped, reasons for which members may be 99, 100
Disfellowshiping members, 96
Disfellowshiping members, on own request 98
Dismissing members, elders or church board may recom-
mend 30
Displeasure of God incurred by neglect to deal with sin 94
District leaders, not executives 134
Divine service, place of music in 16
Divinely appointed ministry 133
Division conference, section of General Conference 8
13
194 Church Manual
Division conferences, election of officers 12

Division, uniformity of plans 16
Divisions in church a dishonor 22
Divorce, General Conference action on 175.176
Doctrine, disputed points of 141
Dorcas Society 65
Drinks, intoxicating, believer abstains from 184
Duties of missionary leader 42
Duties of Missionary Secretary 43, 44
Duty of delegates 34
Earth, new, abode of the saints 186

Elder, capable of conducting services 24
Elder, ceases to function upon election of successor 24
Elder, chosen because of consecrated life 24
Elder, church 23
Elder, church, fosters all lines of work 25
Elder, church, relationship to minister 26
Elder, church, work of, local 25
Elder, elected for one year 24
Elder, financial relations with members confidential 29
Elder, local, assistant to ordained minister 26
Elder, local, ordination of 24
Elder, may be elected to serve more than one church 25
Elder, may be re-elected 24
Elder, may recommend receiving or dismissing members 30
Elder, more than one in large churches 29
Elder, must have good reputation 23
Elder, must lead by precept and example 23
Elder, not a delegate ex officio 30
Elder, office of, important 23
Elder, pastoral responsibility of 26
Elder, religious leader of church 23
Elder, responsible to church and church board 26
Elder should be a tithe payer 29
Elder should co-operate in all plans 27
Elder should foster foreign mission work 28
Eider should see that clerk's report is sent promptly 28
Elder should work with church treasurer 28
Elders, authority limited in receiving and dismissing
members 30
Index 195
Elders, seniority of 29
Elders, some not qualified to be 21
Election, church, list of officers 67, 68
Elections, church 66
Elections, decided by majority vote 70
Emblems used in Lord's supper, disposing of 33
Episcopal form of church government 10
Erring, if repentant, to have another trial 91
Erring members, dealing with 88
Erring, purpose of discipline is to restore 101
Evangelists, pastors should assist 141
Examination for baptism, suggestive outline for 75-78
Examination, public, previous to baptism 74
Executive Committee of General Conference, highest au-
thority between sessions 9
Executive committee, Missionary Volunteer Society 54
Executives, pastors and district leaders not 134
Factions, efforts to control 15

Father, Eternal 180
Faith in gospel, loss of, reason for disfellowshiping 99
Faith, maintaining unity of, necessary 8
Fellowship, establishing tests of 86
Fifteen-minute missionary service 158
Financing church buildings and other enterprises 130
Finance, gospel 119
Foreign mission work, elder should foster 28
Fortress, church is God's 71
Funds, church, conference, union. General Conference 131
Funds, church, questionable methods for raising 128
Funds, church treasurer custodian of 32, 39
Funds, handling and accounting for ........ 131
Funds, proper method of remitting 38, 39
Funds, solicitation of 125
Fundamental beliefs 180
Fundamental teachings of church, instruction in 72
General Conference action on marriage 175

General Conference action on moral standards .... 177-179
General Conference action regarding relationship be-
tween organizations
196 Church Monvual
General Conference, body embracing whole church 8

General Conference, creates subordinate organizations 9
General Conference, highest organization in administra-
tion of our world-wide work 9
General Conference, representation 12, 13
General Conference, term 12
General Conference, the highest authority 9
General Conference, unites all believers in one body 8
Gifts, special, to fields 124
Giving, elder to encourage members to take part in 28
Good standing, letters to be granted only to those In 83
Gospel finance 119
Gospel, support of 120
Gospel workers and ministers 133
Government, church, four forms of 9
Government, representative form of 10
Governments, set In the church
Guarded, church must be 19. 20
Hands, lay suddenly on no man 21

Harvest Ingathering, elder should promote 27, 28
Harvest Ingathering methods, not to be used for local
purposes 129
Holy Spirit 180
Holy Spirit, gifts of 184
Home, Christian church interested in upbuilding 63
Home and School Association 64, 65
Hospitality 169
House of worship, reverence for 148
Humility, ordinance of, deaconesses assist in 35
Humility, ordinance of, preparation for communion 161
Humility, some need to learn lesson of 22
Immersion, baptism by 78
Immersion, proper, form of baptism 181
Immortality, bestowed at second advent 182
Immortality, God only hath 182
Impenitent, finally, reduced to state of nonexistence 182
Independence, private, to be surrendered to highest au-
thority 9
Independency, congregational form of church government 10
Index 197
Insurance 106
Instruction, thorough, before baptism 72
Investigation of former members, seeking membership on
profession of faith 85
Isolated members to unite with conference church 84
Janitor, deacons employ where necessary 32

Jesus, Sabbath made by 170
Judgment, investigative 184
Judgment, private, to be surrendered to highest authority 9
Junior Missionary Volunteer Pledge and Law 60
Junior Missionary Volunteer Society, leadership of .. 61, 62
Junior Missionary Volunteer Society, membership of .. 59
Law, cannot save transgressor 181

Law of God, violation of. reason for disfellowshiping 99
Law, organizations under 105
Lawyers, representing members 100
Leader, church missionary 42
Leader of Missionary Volunteer Society 55
Leadership, prosperity of work depends upon 17
Leaders, unsafe to choose, who refuse to yoke up with
others 22, 23
Legal action for separation on other grounds than Matt.
5 : 32 disapproved 176
Legal papers, care of 106
Letters, church, cannot be granted by church board 84
Letters, church, method of granting 80, 81
Letters, granted only to those in good standing 83
Letters, not to be granted without member's request . 83
Letter, transferring membership, may be refused 82
Licensed preachers, duties outlined, authority defined 138
Liquors, alcoholic, use, manufacture, or sale of, reason
for disfellowshiping 100
List, membership, no retired 86
Literature, supplying on the Sabbath 158
Local conferences, send delegates to union sessions .... 10
Local conference term 12
Local conference, united body of churches 8
Lord's supper, deacons assist in serving 33
Lord's supper, deaconesses help prepare for 34
198 Chithroh Maauai
Majority vote decides elections 79

Majority vote needed to disfellowship 96
Marriage 173-175
Marriage, a sacred relationship 173
Marriage ceremony, local elder cannot perform 27
Marriage ceremony, deacons cannot perform 33
Marriage ceremony, only ordained ministers may per-
form 175
Marriage of believers with unbelievers, ministers should
not perform 174
Marriage, General Conference action on 175
Marriage, ring ceremony disfavored 175
Marriage, unscriptural forbidden 173
Measures, decided, to put away sin 93
Meeting, the prayer 155
Meetings, business 164
Meetings, church 151
Meetings, parents' 164
Member, every, has equal rights 15
Member, every, should attend communion service .. 159, 160
Member, every, votes for church officers 10
Member should request letter of transfer in case of
removal 84
Members, absent, clerk corresponds with 36
Members, aged and infirm, not to be dropped for non-
attendance 97
Members, aged and infirm, should be members of local
church 84
Members, deceased, names dropped by clerk 87
Members, disfellowshiping 96
Members, disfellowshiping on own request 98
Members, disfellowshiped, reinstating 98
Members, erring, dealing with 88
Members, former, rebaptizing 87
Members, isolated, unite with conference church 84
Members, lawyers representing 100
Members, name not removed during interval of transfer 82
Members, reasons for disfellowshiping 99, 100
Members, new, welcoming 80
Members, receiving, who are unknown 79
Members, receiving and dismissing, voted on by all mem-
bers 10
Index 199
Members, transferring, clerk handles all correspondence 36

Members under discipline cannot be granted letters 83
Members, unworthy 7
Membership, church 71
Membership, church, personal relationship to body of
Christ 84
Membership in Missionary Volunteer Society 52
Membership list, kept by clerk 36
Membership list, no retired 86
Membership, rests on spiritual basis 72
Membership, transferring 80
Memorial of the crucifixion 160
Men not to be hurried into office 21
Method of granting church letters SO, 81
Millennium 185
Minister, a conference worker 26
Minister, cannot establish tests of fellowship 86
Minister, ordained, relation to church work 137
Minister, ranking officer in the church 26
Minister, relationship to church elder 26
Minister, relieving him of his office 145
Minister, responsible to conference committee 26
Minister, right of, to officiate at remarriage of a divorced
member 176
Minister, should share responsibilities with church officers 26
Minister, sustentation, not customary to ordain church
elders 25
Minister the word, elder to 24
Minister, to instruct prospective members 72, 75
Minister, visiting, not advisable to ordain church elders 25
Ministers and gospel workers 133
Ministers, ordained only may perform marriage ceremony 175
Ministers, respect and deference due to 20
Ministers should not perform marriage ceremony of be-
lievers with unbelievers 174
Ministers should investigate all circumstances in case of
divorced members claiming right to remarry 177
Ministry, a divinely appointed 133
Ministry, ordination, to 139, 140
Ministry, ordination to, qualifies to serve church at large 25
Ministry, parity or equality of 10
200 Chureh Manual
Ministry, spiritual, called for 178

Ministerial licentiate, not qualified to conduct communion
service 27
Minority Committee of General Conference, authority
and decisions defined 9
Minutes of church business meetings, recorded by clerk 36
Mission, foreign, work elder should foster 28
Mission offerings, promoted by Sabbath school superin-
tendent 47
Missionary meeting 156
Missionary committee, elected by the church 41
Missionary committee, church board constitutes 41
Missionary leader 42
Missionary leader, duties of 42
Missionary organization, embraces entire church mem-
bership 41
Missionary organization, of church 41
Missionary secretary, duties of 43, 44
Missionary Volunteer Society, Junior 58
Missionary Volunteer Society, Junior meetings 155
Missionary Volunteer Society, leader 55
Missionary Volunteer Society, officers of 53, 54
Missionary Volunteer Society, other officers 58
Missionary Volunteer Society, secretary-treasurer ... 56, 57
Missionary Volunteer Society, Senior 51
Missionary Volunteer Society, Senior meetings 154
Missionary Volunteer work, elder fosters 25, 26, 55
Misunderstandings, God's plan for settlement 89
Money, how members should pay into church 40
Money, raising for local purposes 129
Moral standards, General Conference action on 177-179
Mothers' Society 63
Music, place of. in divine service 165
Names, none added or dropped without vote of church 36

Narcotics, believer abstains from 184
Needy, assisting 127
New birth, experienced before entering church 72
Nonattendance, aged members not to be dropped for 97
Nominating committee, discussions confidential 69
Nominating committee for church election 66
Index 201
Nominating committee, minister may be member of 67

Nominating committee, objections to report of 70
Nominating committee, reporting to church 69
Nominating committee, who should be members of 67
Nominating committee, work of 67
Nominating committees, conditions to be taken into con-
sideration by 24
Notice, due, given to members under discipline 97
Objective, Missionary Volunteer Society 52

Obligation, a solemn 122
Observance, Sabbath 170
Offenses, personal, no church action until accuser com-
plies with Matt. 18: 15-17 101
Offerings 123, 124
Offerings and tithes, belong to God 119
Offerings, elder should arrange for taking 27
Offerings, Sabbath school 124
Offerings, Sabbath school, for missions 47
Offerings, Sabbath school, turned over to church treas-
urer 49
Offerings, treasurer takes charge of 39
Office, church, distribute responsibility of 29
Office, men not to be hurried into 21
Officer, attempting to control votes, disqualified 14
Officers, choosing, importance of 17
Officers, church, all should be tithe payers 29
Officers of church, duties of 17
Officers of church, respect and deference due 20
Officers, church, elder to sustain helpful relation to 26
Officers, church elected for one year 24
Officers, church, to set example in tithe paying 123
Officers, conference, duty to prepare business for com-
mittee 15
Officers, conference, elected by delegates from churches 10
Officers, conference, have delegated authority 14
Officers, conference, not answerable to any local church 14
Officers, conference, responsibility of 14
Officers, conference, to be counseled as to procedure in
church trials 101
Officers, list of elected by church 67, 68
202 Church Mamma
Officers, moral fitness of 17

Officers, religious fitness of 17, 18
Officers, those opposed to unity unsuitable for 22
Ordained, deacons to be 32
Order, God's instrumentality for preservation of church 92
Order of worship 151, 152
Ordinances, church deacons assist in 32
Ordination, conference committee action cannot be sub-
stituted for 138
Ordination of local church elder 24
Ordination to ministry 139, 140
Ordination to ministry, qualifies to serve church at large 25
Organization, cannot be dispensed with 7
Organization, church missionary 41
Organization, confusion without 7
Organization, five steps in 8
Organization, necessary to provide support for ministry 7
Organization, plan and purpose of 7
Organization, to stand 8
Organization, world-wide 8
Organizations, auxiliary, plans for 17
Organizations, differences between, may be appealed to
higher body 9
Organizations, for holding church property 105
Organizations, relationship between 9
Organizations, self-appointed, not recognized 15
Organizations, subordinate, created by General Confer-
ence 9
Papal form of church government 10

Parents' meetings 164
Parents' Societies 62
Parents' Societies, officers of 64
Parity of ministry 10
Pastor, churches do not elect 138
Pastors, not executives 134
Pastor of church, appointed by conference committee 67
Pastor of church, not nominated by committee 67
Pastoral work shared by minister and church elder . 26
Pastors should assist evangelists 141
Party spirit engenders rivalry 15
Index 203
Pecuniary reasons, members not to he dropped for 98

Poor, care of 33
Prayer meeting 155
Preachers, licensed, duties outlined, authority defined 138
Prelacy, Episcopal form of church government 10
Preparation for the Sabbath 171
President and committee, direct workers 134
President, chief elder of all churches 134
President, to co-operate with church officers 184
President, has access to all churches 134
Press, publication of the truth
Private independence to he surrendered to highest au-
thority
Private judgment to be surrendered to highest authority 9
Procedure, disputed points of 141
Profession of faith, care in receiving members on 85
Progressive Classes, Junior Missionary Volunteer classes 60
Property, church
Property, church, deacons care for 32
Property, transferring before death 114
Properties, church, organizations for holding 105
Properties, church, title to 105
Prophets, set in the church 7
Prosperity of work depends upon leadership 17
Qualifications, Scriptural, of church officers 17-19

Quarterly report of Sabbath school 50
Questionable methods for raising church funds 128
Reasons for which members may be disfellowshiped 90, 100

Rebaptizing former members 87
Rebaptism of those coming from other churches 87
Receiving members, elder or church board may recommend 30
Reconciliation, seek 80
Reconciliation where possible to preserve family ties 176
Records, church, all to be surrendered at end of term 38
Records, church, kept by clerk 88
Reinstating disfellowshiped members 98
Reinstatement, right of appeal for 98
Regulations, necessary 95
Relationship between organizations
204 Church Manual
Relationship of minister and church elder 26

Relationship, marriage a sacred 173
Religious fitness of officers 17, 18
Remarriage of members divorced for other than Scrip-
tural reasons, ground for disfellowshiping .... 176. 177
Remarriage of divorced person may be reason for dis-
fellowshiping 100
Repairs and upkeep 106
Reporting, members absent and not 97
Reports of clerk to be furnished promptly 37
Reports, statistical, members who have been granted
letters included in 82
Representative authority of delegates 10
Representative delegates 12
Representative form of church government 10
Reproof, offered in love of Christ 90
Responsibility of church officers, to be distributed 29
Responsibilities of Sabbath school officers 44
Resurrection, at second coming of Christ 182
Resurrection, of just and unjust. 182
Retired, no membership list of 86
Revelation 14, threefold message of 183
Reverence, children to be taught 149
Right of members to be heard in own defense 97
Ring ceremony in marrage disfavored 175
Roman Pontiff, supreme authority of Roman Catholic
Church vested in 10
Rules and regulations necessary 95
Sabbath, made by Jesus 170

Sabbath observance 170
Sabbath observance, instruction in 170
Sabbath, preparation for the 171
Sabbath, seventh-day, memorial of creation 181
Sabbath, supplying literature on 158
Sabbath worship 151
Sabbath school 153
Sabbath school, all should attend 153
Sabbath school chorister 50
Sabbath school council committee 45
Sabbath school exercises 153
205
Sabbath school expense money 49

Sabbath school music 50
Sabbath school offerings 124
Sabbath school officers 44
Sabbath school officers elected by the church for one
year 45
Sabbath school officers, list of 45
Sabbath school organist 51
Sabbath school secretary, duties of 48, 49
Sabbath school superintendent, duties of 45, 46
Sabbath school teachers, manner of appointment 46
Sabbath school work, elder fosters 25
Sample budget 127, 128
Sanctuary, cleansing of 183
Satan, will be reduced to state of nonexistence 182
Scriptural obligation, tithe paying 123
Scriptures, Holy, only unerring rule of faith and practice 180
Second coming of Christ 185
Secretary, assistant, of Sabbath school 50
Secretary, clerk is, for all church business meetings 35
Secretaries, departmental, co-operation between local,
union, and General 135
Secretaries, departmental, directed by president and
committee 135
Secretaries, departmental, work of, not administrative 136
Secretary, missionary, duties of 43, 44
Secretary, Sabbath school, duties of 48, 49
Self-appointed organizations, not recognized 15
Seniority of elders 29
Service, communion, conducted only by ordained minis-
ter or church elder 27
Services of the church 147
Services, church, in absence of minister, elder is respon-
sible for 26
Seventh-day Adventist body, administered under repre-
sentative form of church government 10
Seventh-day Adventists, fundamental beliefs of 180
Sick, care of 33
Sick, deaconesses to help care for 34
Sin, church responsible for dealing with 93
Sin, offensive to God 93
206 Church Manual
Sin, penalty of, is death 181

Societies, Parents' 62
Society, Dorcas 65
Solicitation of funds 125
Speakers, unauthorized 168
Special gifts to fields 124
Spiritual worship 148
Standard, high, churches to maintain 179
Standards, moral, General Conference action on .... 177-179
Statistical reports, members counted in who have been
granted letters 82
Stewardship, elder should present obligations of 29
Stewardship, faithful 120
Stewardship, obligations of, presented publicly 29
Subordinate organizations, created by General Confer-
ence 9
Substitute for sinners, Christ the 181
Superintendent, assistant, Sabbath school 47, 48
Superintendent, Sabbath school 45, 46
Support, God's plan for His work 119
Support of the gospel 120
Sustentation workers 145
Sustentation workers, may be asked to perform minis-
terial service 146
Sustentation workers, relation of, to local church 145
Teachers' meetings 47
Teachers' meeting, Sabbath school 153
Teachers, Sabbath school 46
Tests of fellowship, rests with entire church body 86
Thirteenth Sabbath Offering, elder should promote 28
Tithe, Abraham paid to Christ's representative 119
Tithe envelopes, members should use for paying all
money 40
Tithe, how it is paid 123
Tithe, how it is to be used 122
Tithe payer, elder should be 29
Tithe payers, all church officers should be 29
Tithe payers, reporting the number of 40
Tithe paying a Scriptural obligation I23
Tithe paying, conference workers and church officers to
set example in 124
Index 207
Tithe paying, eider should foster 29

Tithe paying, treasurer can encourage 40
Tithe, use of 120, 121
Tithes and offerings, belong to God 119
Tithes and offerings, divine principle of 184
Tithes and offerings, not a personal trust fund 126
Title, to church properties 105
Tobacco, believer abstains from 184
Tobacco, use of, reason for disfellowshiping 100
Transfer, membership, during interval of 82
Transferring members, clerk handles all correspondence 36
Transferring membership 80
Treasurer, can encourage tithe paying 40
Treasurer, church elder should work with 28
Treasurer, custodian of church funds 32
Treasurer, method of handling funds 131
Treasurer, pays all church expenses 39
Treasurer, the church 38
Treasurer's books, who may inspect 40
Treasurer's relations with members confidential 41
Treasurer's work sacred 38
Trials, church 101
Trinity 180
Trust and trust agreements 116
Unauthorized speakers 168

Unconsecrated, resist church discipline 94
Unconsciousness, man's condition in death 182
Unfermented bread and wine 160
Uniformity in plans of each division 16
Union conference term 12
Union conference, united body of conferences 8
Union conferences, send delegates to General Conference
sessions 10
Uniting churches . 102
Units, Junior Missionary Volunteer Society 60
Unity, those opposed to, unsuitable for officers 22
Unscriptural marriage, forbidden 173
Universe, to be purged of sin and sinners 182, 183
Unsafe leaders 22, 23
Upkeep and repairs 106
208 Civuroh Mammal
Vote of censure 100

Vote of church necessary in receiving and dismissing
members 30
Voting letters without member's approval 83
Welcoming new members 80

Wills 105-113
Wine, unfermented, for communion service 160
Word, elder capable of ministering 24
Work, all lines fostered by elder 25
Work, God's plan for support of His 119
Workers' appointment to churches rests with conference
committee 136
Workers, Bible 140
Workers, conference, to set example in tithe paying 123
Workers, directed by president and committee 134
Workers, not to appeal to the church over decisions of
conference committee 137
Workers, responsible to conference, not to local church 136
Workers, sustentation 145
Workers, under conference direction 136
Worship, order of 151, 152
Worship, Sabbath 151
Worship, spiritual 148
Wrong doer, name should not be removed until Christ's
instruction has been followed 91

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T 17177 TTT

To this agree also the following quotations from the

be so deceived as to attempt to tear it down, for you will

General Conference the Highest Authority.—"I have

Choosing Delegates.—"He [God] has so arranged mat-

members it has agreed upon. The church then votes on

"a. Delegates at large.

It is thus apparent that while the General Conference

members of a conference committee are not elected to

Self-appointed Organizations.—Self-appointed organ-

Division Committees May Modify Plans to Meet Local

pitality, apt to teach; not given to wine, no striker, not

not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given

them. Therefore watch, and remember, that by the space

"Many do not realize the sacredness of church rela-

and of ordaining elders has been premature; the Bible

through the combined wisdom of many, the mind of the

Capable of Ministering the Word.—The elder should be

credentials from the conference and who is in good and

teer work, the missionary activities of the church, the

ices himself, he should arrange for some one else to do so.

of the church, such as the Big, Week, Harvest Ingather-

Foster Tithe Paying.—The elder himself should be a

each gains an experience in leadership. By wise counsel

special wisdom and largeness of heart. It is not in the

thus providing a well-ordered method for distributing the

Care of the Sick and the Poor.—One of the chief re

church board. While this work is the particular charge

truth. It is also the duty of the deaconesses to see that

tending, and a report of all actions taken. The clerk

"Elder Blank, the president of our conference, spoke at

preserved. At the expiration of the term of office, all

ventists." These should not be made payable to the in-

to keep them on a spike, in a pigeonhole in a desk, or

to render faithfully to God His own in tithes and offer-

The Church Missionary Organization

Church Missionary Leader.—At the time of the annual

Missionary Secretary.—The church missionary secre-

dent to pay for everything that is ordered. The Book

Sabbath School Officers and Their Responsibilities

of God's great instrumentalities to bring souls to a

all divisions should be chosen by the Sabbath school

leaves at any time, it is the superintendent's duty to call

tendent. Specific duties in the school may, however, be

7. To keep the minutes of any action agreed upon by

school expenses are included in the church budget, the

The Organist.—Great care should be exercised in the

The Senior Missionary Volunteer Society *

• For a more detailed treatment of this subject, sae

ice as soul winners. The young people have been ex-

"Loving the Lord Jesus, I promise to take an active

of all the problems connected with the work, so that the

of his society to the plans of the church and of the

sionary Volunteers may be gathered in that service by

Other Officers of the Society.—The devotional secre-

The Junior Missionary Volunteer Society *

* For fuller information in regard to the plans and work

seeks to co-operate with and re-enforce the efforts of