ASSIGNMENT NO.

4. SOURCE AND KINDS OF SUBJECT

A. Source of Subject

NATURE

Next to animals and people and their activities, nature as landscape has

been the common subject of the art. It has been the most common

inspiration and subject matter for art.

HISTORY

All art is conditioned by the historical period in which it is created. Rulers

like to have themselves and the great deeds of their time perpetuated

consequently, statues and paintings of the great are found in each

civilization.

GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY

Greek and Roman mythology has been a very important source for subjects in

the arts. Those arts are so well-known that they count as a definite part of our

inheritance. During the Renaissance period, poet, painters, and sculptors drew

largely from Greek and Roman sources for subjects.

Has played an enormous role in inspiring works of visual arts, music,

architecture, and literature through ages. It was during the Renaissance that the

European artisans became “ artists” and conscious of their role in a way that had

never been true before.

SACRED ORIENTAL TEXTS

Religious texts are those sacred and central to the teachings of almost every

given religion. They are significant as these texts convey spiritual truth, establish

a connection with the divine, foster communal identity, and provide the promotion

of mystical experiences and spiritual practices.

Bahá'i --- The Seven Valleys and The Four Valleys

These are two distinct texts of the Bahá’i faith written that were by Baha’u’llah,

the founder of the Bahá’i faith. The Seven Valleys, written in the year 1860

in Baghdad, explains the journey of the soul through seven stages of life that

focus on finding the right path. The Four Valleys, written in the year 1857 in

Baghdad, states qualities of the mystical wayfarers as the observance of laws of

religion, journey to God by using logic and reason, with love of God and journey

through reason, obedience and inspiration.

The Tipitaka was written around 1st century BCE, and is authoritative mainly in

the Theravada Buddhism. Their focus is on the dress code, certain dietary rules

to be followed, and the teachings of the Buddha.

Christianity ---The Bible

The Bible is considered a divine inspiration that records the relationship between

God and humankind. The sacred text dates back to 4 th Century from when copies

have been preserved in the Vatican Library, and includes the holy writing related

to Jesus. It is regarded by Christians as the inerrant word of the God.

Hinduism --- The Vedas and The Upanishads

The Vedas in their written form were compiled around 4,000 to 6,000 years ago.

It includes the original texts known as Mantra and the commentary portion as

Brahmana. It includes four Vedas with teachings, like the procedures of wedding

in the Rig Veda, sacrificial rites in the Yajur Veda, chanting of songs of praise in

the Sam Veda, and philosophical and political issues are a part of the Atharva

Veda.

Islam --- The Quran and The Hadiths

The Quran in Islam is regarded as the word of God that is revealed to

Muhammad, and the Hadiths contains the saying of the Muhammad and his

followers, as this is a kind of narrative. These are authoritative texts in Islam.

The Agamas are based on the tirthankara, which is itself related to the body of

doctrines that come through authoritative teachers.

Judaism --- The Tanakh and The Talmud

The Tanakh is a collection of Jewish texts, and some of its source material serves

as the basis for the Christian Bible's Old Testament. In the Talmud, rabbinic

teachings are described which tell about the meaning of work and the prohibition

of different types of work.

Shintoism --- The Kojiki

This text, first translated into English in the year 1882 and first written in

Japanese, is a record in the Shinto religion which explains the customs,

ceremonies, and magical practices followed in Japan by Shintos.

Sikhism --- The Guru Granth Sahib

This sacred text, first compiled between the years 1563 and 1606 by Guru Arjan,

the fifth Sikh Guru, also includes the teachings of 13 Hindu Bhakti movements’

saints, and two from Islam.

Taoism --- The Dao De Jing

It is a Chinese philosophical text, authored by Laozi in the 6th Century B.C.E.

The Dao De Jing denotes many of the most important philosophical teachings of

the religion in 81 chapters.

The text includes magical rituals found in the Neopagan religion known as Wicca.

The Wicca movement proliferated in early 20th Century England, and has now

spread across large parts of the English-speaking world.

Zoroastrianism --- The Avesta

B. Kinds of subject

The term subjects in art refers to the main idea that is represented in the

artwork. The subject in art is basically the essence of the piece. To determine

subject matter in a particular piece of art, ask yourself: What is actually

depicted in this artwork? What is the artist trying to express to the world...

what is his or her message? And how are they conveying that message?

History and Legend -- History consists of verifiable facts, legends of unverifiable

ones, although many of them are often accepted as true because tradition has

held them so far. Insofar as ancient past is concerned, it is difficult to tell how

much of what we know now is history and how much is legend.( Example.

Malakas and Maganda and Mariang Makiling are among the legendary subjects

which have been rendered in painting and sculpture by not a few Filipino artists

Still Life -- –These are groups of inanimate objects arranged in an indoor setting

(flower and fruit arrangements, dishes food, pots and pans, musical instruments
and music sheets). The arrangement is like that to show particular human

arrangement is like that to show particular human interests and activities.

Animals --–They have been represented by artists from almost every age and

place. In fact, the earliest known paintings are representations of animals on the

walls of caves. The carabao has been a favorite subject of Filipino artists. The

Maranaws have an animal form of sarimanok as their –The Maranawshave an

animal form of sarimanokas their proudest prestige symbol.

Animals have been used as symbols in conventional religious art.

•The dove stands for the Holy Spirit in representations of the Trinity

•The fish and lamb are symbols of Christ

•The phoenix is the symbol of Resurrection

•The peacock is the symbol of Immortality through Christ

Portraits --- –It is a realistic likeness of a person in sculpture, painting, drawing

or print but it need to be a photographic likeness. A great portrait is a product of a

selective process, the artist highlighting certain features and de-emphasizing

others.

Figures ---–The sculptor’s chief subject has traditionally been the human body,

nude or clothed. The body’s form, structure and flexibility offer the artist a big

challenge to depict it in a variety of ways, ranging from the idealistic as in the a

variety of ways, ranging from the idealistic as in the classical Greek sculptures to

the most abstract.

Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes -- Artists have always been fascinated

with their physical environment. This is a natural scenery such as mountains,

cliffs, rivers, etc.

Religion and Mythology --–Art has always been a handmaiden of Religion.

Most of the world’s religions have used the arts to aid in worship, to instruct, to

inspire feelings of devotion and to impress and convert nonbelievers. But some of

the religions forbids the representation of their divinity. Like Pictures of God,

human beings, or animals are forbidden in Judaism and Islam because people

might worship the images themselves. Other religions have taught that a god

may sometimes assume .Other religions have taught that a god may sometimes

assume human or other visible forms.

Thus he is distinguished from human beings by a halo, wing, or a darker

complexion, or by the use of some attributes

»The ancient Egyptians portrayed their gods as part human and part animal

»The ancient African tribes distorted their god’s features

»Among the Hindus, Shiva is shown as a four-armed god »Buddha, is

symbolized by his footprints, a wheel or a true

Dreams and Fantasies -- –Dreams are usually vague and illogical. Artists

especially the surrealists have tried to depict dreams as well as the grotesque
terrors and apprehensions that lurk in the depths of the subconscious. A dream

may be lifelike situation. A dream may be lifelike situation.

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4. ^ "Quadrivium" . The New International Encyclopædia. 1905 –

via Wikisource. The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry,

and astronomy.
5. ^ In his commentary on Martianus Capella's early fifth century

work, The Marriage of Philology and Mercury, one of the main sources for

medieval reflection on the liberal arts

6. ^ Rowlands, Joseph; Landauer, Jeff (2001). "Esthetics". Importance

of Philosophy. Retrieved 28 October 2016.

7. ^ Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). "architect (n.)". Online Etymology

Dictionary. Retrieved 29 October 2016.

8. ^ "Conceptual art". Tate. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

9. ^ "The definition of draftsman". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 29

October 2016.

10. ^ Perry, Lincoln (Summer 2014). "The Music of Painting". The

American Scholar. 83 (3): 85.