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Fuzzy Quantifiers

This document discusses fuzzy quantifiers and quantified fuzzy propositions. There are two types of fuzzy quantifiers: type 1 are defined over real numbers (e.g. "about 10") and type 2 are defined over [0,1] (e.g. "almost all"). Propositions with type 1 quantifiers calculate the truth value by finding the cardinality of a fuzzy set. Propositions with type 2 quantifiers calculate the truth value by finding the degree of subsethood between two fuzzy sets. The document provides examples and exercises to demonstrate how to evaluate the truth values of quantified fuzzy propositions.

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751 views18 pages

Fuzzy Quantifiers

This document discusses fuzzy quantifiers and quantified fuzzy propositions. There are two types of fuzzy quantifiers: type 1 are defined over real numbers (e.g. "about 10") and type 2 are defined over [0,1] (e.g. "almost all"). Propositions with type 1 quantifiers calculate the truth value by finding the cardinality of a fuzzy set. Propositions with type 2 quantifiers calculate the truth value by finding the degree of subsethood between two fuzzy sets. The document provides examples and exercises to demonstrate how to evaluate the truth values of quantified fuzzy propositions.

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krishnareddy_chintala
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Models for Inexact Reasoning

Fuzzy Logic – Lesson 3


Fuzzy Quantifiers

Master in Computational Logic


Department of Artificial Intelligence
Fuzzy Quantifiers
• The scope of fuzzy propositions can be
extended using fuzzy quantifiers
• Fuzzy quantifiers are fuzzy numbers that take
part in fuzzy propositions
• There are two different types:
– Type #1 (absolute): Defined on the set of real
numbers
• Examples: “about 10”, “much more than 100”, “at least
about 5”, etc.
– Type #2 (relative): Defined on the interval [0, 1]
• “almost all”, “about half”, “most”, etc.
Quantified Propositions
• Propositions involving type #1 quantifiers:
p: There are Q i’s in I such that V(i) is F
• Q is a type #1 quantifier
• i is an individual from a given set I
• V(i) is a variable associated to the individual I
that takes values from a universe E
• F is a fuzzy set defined over the universe E
Quantified Propositions
• Example:
“There are about 10 students in a given class
whose fluency in English V(i) is high”
• Q = “about 10”
• i’s = students
• I = class
• V(i) = Fluency in English of student i
• F = Fuzzy set that represents a high degree of
fluency in English
Quantified Propositions
• The former propositions can be converted to a
simpler form:
p’: There are Q Z’s in I
• Z is a fuzzy set defined as follows:
µ z (i ) = µ F (V (i)) ∀i ∈ I
• Thus, the former proposition is replaced with:
“There are about 10 high-fluency English-
speaking students in a given class”
Quantified Propositions
• To calculate the truth value of p’ we need to
calculate the cardinality of fuzzy set Z
• The cardinality of Z can be calculated as
follows:
Z = ∑ µ z (i ) = ∑ µ F (V (i ) )
i∈I i∈I

• Then, we calculate the truth value T(p’) using


the membership function of Q
T ( p ') = µQ ( Z )
Example
“There are about 3 students in I whose fluency in
English V(i) is high”
• I = {Adam, Bob, Cathy, David, Eve}
• V = Degree of fluency in English
– V(Adam)= 35, V(Bob)=20, V(Cathy)=80, V(David)=99,
V(Eve)=70
Example
Example
Quantified Propositions
• Type #1 fuzzy quantifiers may also appear in
more complex propositions:
p: There are Q i’s in I such that V1(i) is F1 and
V2(i) is F2
• Example:
“There are at least about two students in the
class whose fluency in English is high and are
young”
Quantified Propositions
• Alternative format for propositions of the
former type:
p’: There are Q Y in I,
Y = T-norm(μF1(V1(i)), μF2(V2(i)))
• Example:
p’: “There are at least about two high-fluency
English-speaking and young students in the
class”
• Obviously Y is the set of “English-speaking and
young students”
Exercise (Homework)
• Calculate the truth value of the proposition:
“There are at least about 3 students in the class whose
fluency in English is high and are young”
• Use the data in slide #7 (students) for: I, V(i), μQ and
μF
• Use the following T-norm: T(x, y) = min(x, y)
• The ages for the different students are:
– Age(Adam)=23, Age(Bob)=35, Age(Cathy)=46,
– Age(David)=54, Age(Eve)=25
Exercise (Homework)
• Membership function of fuzzy set “Young”
Quantified Propositions
• It is also possible to have propositions involving
type #2 quantifiers:
p: Among i’s in I such that V1(i) is F1 there are Q i’s
in I such that V2(i) is F2
• Example:
“Among students in a given class that are young,
there are almost all whose fluency in English is
high”
Quantified Propositions
• This kind of propositions can be rewritten as:
p’: Q Y’s are Z’s
Y = μF1(VF1(i)), Z = μF2(VF2(i))
• Example:
“Almost all young students in a given class are
students whose fluency in English is high”
• How do we calculate the truth value of such
propositions?
Quantified Propositions
• We can rewrite p’ as p’’: W is Q
• W is the degree of subsethood of Y in Z
– How do we calculate W?

Z ∩Y ∑ min ( µ (V (i)), µ (V (i)) )


F1 1 F2 2
W= = i∈I

Z ∑ µ (V (i))
i∈I
F1 1

• Once we have obtained W, we can easily


calculate T(p)
T ( p) = µQ (W )
Qualified Propositions
• Some examples of type #2 quantifiers:
Exercise (Homework)
• Calculate the truth value of the sentence:
“Almost all young students in a given class are
students whose fluency in English is high”
• Use the data and membership functions from
the previous exercise
• Use the membership function given in the
previous slide for the relative quantifier
“almost all”

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