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Communication Systems I

University of Tehran
Instructor: Dr. Ali Olfat Fall 2019
Homework 3

Due date: 1398/07/28

Problem 1 Hilbert Transform


A lowpass signal x(t) has a Fourier transform shown in Figure 1. This signal is
applied to the system shown in Figure 2. The blocks marked by H represent Hilbert
transform blocks and it is assumed that W  f0 . Determine the signals xi (t) for
1 ≤ i ≤ 7, and plot Xi (f ) for 1 ≤ i ≤ 7. (15 Points)

Figure 1: Fourier transform of x(t)

Figure 2: Block diagram of the system


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Problem 2 Properties of Hilbert Transform


Consider the energy signals x(t) and y(t) and their Hilbert transforms, namely, x̂(t)
and ŷ(t). Prove the following statements. (20 Points)
ˆ + x(t) = 0.
a. x̂(t) d. hx(t), x̂(t)i = 0.
jω0 t = −jejω0 t sgn(ω ).
b. ed 0
e. hx(t), y(t)i = hx̂(t), ŷ(t)i.

c. x(t) is odd =⇒ x̂(t) is even f. Ex(t) = Ex̂(t) .


x(t) is even =⇒ x̂(t) is odd n o
g. F \ d
dt
x(t) = 2π|f |F {x(t)}.

Problem 3 Lowpass Equivalent of Bandpass Signals


Consider the real signals x(t) and y(t) which are both bandpass around f0 . The
lowpass equivalent of these signals are denoted as xl (t) and yl (t), respectively. (12
Points)

a. Prove that hxl (t), yl (t)i = 2 hx(t), y(t)i + j2 hx̂(t), y(t)i.

b. Using i, prove that Ex(t) = 12 Exl (t) .

c. If z(t) = x(t) + y(t), find the energy of the signal z(t) in terms of the individual
and mutual energies of xl (t) and yl (t).

Problem 4 In-phase & Quadrature Components


Consider the real lowpass signal m(t), limited in frequency to W . For the signal
xc (t) = m(t)cos(2πfc t) − m̂(t)sin(2πfc t), find the lowpass equivalent with f0 = fc + W2
and determine its in-phase & quadrature components in terms of m(t). (5 Points)

Communication Systems I HW #3
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Problem 5 Lowpass Equivalent & Orthogonality


The real signal x(t) is given as x(t) = g(t)cos(2πf0 t + φ0 ), where g(t) is a real lowpass
signal. (20 Points)

a. Find the Hilbert transform of x(t).

b. Is x(t) bandpass? If yes, what is its lowpass equivalent?

c. Are the following two signals orthogonal?

u(t) = g(t)cos(2πf0 t)

v(t) = −g(t)sin(2πf0 t)

d. Are the lowpass equivalents of u(t) and v(t) also orthogonal?

Problem 6
The real signal x(t) is a bandpass signal, i.e., X(f ) = 0 for all ||f | − f0 | > W, f0 > W .
Find the Fourier transform of xi (t) and xq (t) (20 Points)

xi (t) = x(t)cos(2πf0 t) + x̂(t)sin(2πf0 t)

xq (t) = x̂(t)cos(2πf0 t) − x(t)sin(2πf0 t)

Communication Systems I HW #3

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