Hair Coloring Theory PDF
Hair Coloring Theory PDF
Hair Coloring Theory PDF
HAIRCOLORING
21
Haircoloring – Chapter 21 Haircoloring – Chapter 21
1
TERTIARY COLORS
COMPLEMENTARY (BASE) COLORS
Mix a secondary color with
a neighboring primary color
in equal amounts.
OR
These neutralize each
TWO primary colors present other
in unequal proportions. A base color is the
predominant tonality of
blue – green => 2 oz blue + 1 oz yellow an existing color. It
blue ‐ violet influences the final
red ‐ violet color result.
red ‐ orange blue and orange
yellow ‐ orange red and green
yellow ‐ green
yellow and violet
Two types of melanin in the cortex Level is the unit of measurement
Eumelanin is melanin that gives black and used to identify the lightness or
brown color to hair. darkness of a color; also referred to
value or depth.
Pheomelanin is melanin that is found in red
hair. Very dark hair and most brunettes contain Colorists use the Level System to
this pigment. analyze the lightness or darkness
of a hair color.
Contributing pigment is the pigment in natural hair
color. The foundation of haircoloring is based on
Levels are arranged on a scale of 1
modifying this pigment with haircolor to create to 10, with 1 being the darkest and
new pigment. 10 being the lightest.
Tone—describes the warmth or coolness of a Toners are semipermanent, demipermanent, and
color permanent haircolor products used primarily on
Warm tones are reds, oranges, yellows, prelightened hair to achieve a pale, delicate color
auburn, copper, gold, bronze, or honey Toners require double‐processing.
Cool tones are blue, green, violet, ash, Do not prelighten past the pale yellow stage.
drab, smoky, or platinum Patch test is required 24 hours before toner; to
save time, strand test can be performed at same
Intensity—refers to the strength of a color time.
tone, described as mild, medium, or strong
Proceed with service if patch test is negative.
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Hydrogen peroxide dilution chart
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE DEVELOPERS Hydrogen Hydrogen
peroxide peroxide Water peroxide
Oxidizing agents that, when mixed with an oxidative
volume OZ OZ result
haircolor, supply the oxygen gas to develop color
molecules and change hair color 40 3 1 30
40 1 1 20
Also called oxidizing agents or catalysts
40 1 3 10
Have an acidic pH between 2.5 and 4.5
40 1 7 5
Hydrogen peroxide most common
30 2 1 20
Volume of developers 30 1 2 10
10 30 1 5 5
20 20 1 1 10
30 20 1 3 5
40 (more lift) 20 1 7 2.5
Take a 2‐inch square section
The U.S. Federal Food,
in crown and hold up from Drug, and Cosmetic Act
scalp; allow light to pass prescribes a patch test to be
through. given 24 to 48 hours prior to
Use swatches and find a the application of an aniline
derivative product to
match to the hair.
determine if the client has
Move swatch from scalp to allergies or sensitivities.
ends.
Determine the natural color This is also called a
level. predisposition (PD) test.
There are four categories of haircolor:
Apply the haircolor
formula on a small Temporary
strand of hair to Semipermanent (P.D test required)
determine how the Demipermanent (P.D test required)
hair will react and
how long the
Permanent (P.D test required)
formula should
process.
Figure 16-28
3
TEMPORARY COLOR SEMIPERMANENT HAIRCOLOR
Large molecules do not penetrate Lasts through several shampoos
cuticle.
Partially penetrate hair shaft
Color coats the shaft only; creates a
Diffuses out of hair during
physical change in the hair.
shampooing
Process is good for neutralizing
No regrowth maintenance
unwanted tones.
Formulated with ammonia
These are available in
color rinses. Can be used right out of the
colored mousses and gel. bottle
hair mascara. After rinse, can be used to
spray‐on haircolor. Action of temporary haircolor prevent fading
Action of semipermanent haircolor
color‐enhancing shampoos.
Is similar to semipermanent but
Mixed with a developer and remains in the hair
longer lasting
permanently
Can penetrate hair shaft
Best for covering gray hair
Is deposit‐only; no lifting power
Contains ammonia, oxidative tints, and peroxide
Has smaller pigment molecules
Gives vivid color results
Requires a patch test
Causes little to no damage Contains aniline derivatives, very small
Has low to no ammonia compounds that penetrate the hair shaft
Is ideal for covering unpigmented
Action of hair
demipermanent color Requires a patch test
Aniline derivatives, combined
with H²0², penetrate the cortex Are also known as vegetable haircolors such as
Color cannot be shampooed out HENNA
Are obtained from the leaves or bark of plants
This simultaneously removes
natural pigment while adding Have no lifting power
artificial color. Can be messy and lengthy process
Limited shades of black, chestnut, and auburn
Permanent haircolor molecules Are incompatible with many professional chemical
inside the cortex
products
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METALLIC HAIRCOLOR METALLIC HAIRCOLOR
These are also called gradual colors or
progressive dyes.
They contain metal salts
Progressive buildup creates a dull, metallic,
unnatural appearance.
They require daily application and
historically have been marketed to men
Hair
lighteners
diffuse
pigment
# of pigments in the hair: how dark
the strength of the lightening product.
processing time
Haircoloring – Chapter 21 Haircoloring – Chapter 21
5
CONTRIBUTION OF UNDERLYING PIGMENT
Contributing
undertones
The natural
pigment
remains in hair
and
contributes to
the artificial
color that is
added.
CAUTION SUMMARY
Never lift past pale yellow stage to white
with lightener; this will cause excessive damage to
Haircoloring follows the Law of Color, a system
hair.
of understanding relationships of color.
Hair will become mushy.
Hair will lose its elasticity. All colors are created from the three primaries.
Hair will be harsh and brittle.
Hair often suffers breakage and won’t accept Three primaries can be mixed to create secondary
toner. colors that can then be mixed with adjacent
primary colors to create tertiary colors.
Temporary colors are removed by shampooing. Book 15 minutes to introduce yourself; welcome client;
offer beverage; and ensure there are no interruptions.
DEPOSIT ONLY: semipermanent and
Have client complete an information card. Note the client’s
demipermanent color lasts longer than temporary, eye and skin color and condition, length, and the
and bridges the gap to permanent colors. percentage of gray in hair.
LIFT and DEPOSIT: permanent color Look directly at your client.
The lasting ability of any hair product will be Discuss hair history; ask leading questions such as:
directly affected by the hair’s porosity. Are you looking for a temporary or permanent change?
Are you taking medications? (Medical treatments for diabetes, high
blood pressure, and thyroid problems can affect outcome of color.)
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CLIENT CONSULTATION RELEASE STATEMENT
Recommend two options; show pictures in different
ranges.
Review procedure, cost, and maintenance. Used primarily to explain to clients that
Be honest; don’t promise what you can’t deliver. if their hair is in questionable
condition, it may not withstand the
Gain approval from client.
service
Start the haircolor service.
Follow through during the service by educating the
client about home care, products, and rebooking for Designed to protect the school or salon
follow‐up service.
Fill out client record card.
CAUTION NOTES
Never use aniline derivative tints on the
eyebrows or eyelashes.
Four questions in formulating color
To do so may cause blindness. What is the natural level?
What is the client’s desired level and tone?
A positive patch test will show signs of inflammation such
as Are contributing pigments (undertones) revealed?
What colors should be mixed to get the desired
redness. result?
slight rash. Shade and H²0² volume determine lifting
welt. ability.