Exp - 3 Spherometer PDF

SPHEROMETER
Aim : To determine
1)the thickness of the given glass plate and
2)the radius of curvature of the given curved surface suing spherometer
Apparatus : Spherometer, a plane glass plate, the given glass plate and the given curved surface.
Description: The spherometer consists of a tripod or horizontal Y-shapped rigid metallic frame
which rests on three pointed equidistant legs. A screw with a pointed ends passes
through a nut at the centre of the frame.The screw carries a circular disc H at its top
and a milled head M. The edge of the disc is divided into 100 equal parts and is
called the 'head scale'.a scale P divided into millimeters or half millimeters is fixed to
one of the legs, parallel to the axis of the screw.it is called 'pitch scale'.it should be
near the edge of the disc.
Principle: It works on the principle of screw
pitch of the screw = no.of rotations
Pitchof the screw

least count= mm
Number of head scale divisions
Formula:
radius of curvature of the given spherical
l2 h
surface R= + cm
6h 2
where
l=distance between any two legs of the spherometer (in cm)
h=height of the spherical surface (in cm)
Procedure:
Determine the thickness of the given glass plate:
The spherometer is placed on the plane glass plate and the screw is rotated by
holdingthe milled head until its tip just touches the plane glass plate. The reading on
the pitch scale reading (P.S.R) .the head scale reading which comes near the pitch
scale is taken as the head scale reading (H.S.R).Then
Total reading = P.S.R+(H.S.R x L.C)
The readings are noted by keeping the spherometer on the plane glass plate at
five or six places and the average of the readings is taken as the initial reading(R1) of
the spherometer.
Now the given glass plate is introduced between the top of the screw and the
plane glass plate. The screw is again rotated such that its tip touches the given glass
plate and the reading is noted .The experiment is repeated five or six times by
changing the position of the glass plate and the average reading(R2) is
calculated.Then the thickness of the given glass plate = (R2-R1)mm.
Determine the radius of curvature of the given curved surface:

The spherometer is placed on the plane glass plate and the screw is rotated by
holding the milled head until its tip just touches the plane glass plate. The reading on
the pitch scale reading (P.S.R) .the head scale reading which comes near the pitch
scale is taken as the head scale reading (H.S.R).Then
Total reading = P.S.R+(H.S.R x L.C)
The readings are noted by keeping the spherometer on the plane glass plate at
five or six places and the average of the readings is taken as the initial reading(R1) of
the spherometer.
The given curved surface is kept on the plane glass plate and the spherometer
is placed on the curved surface such that the three legs of the spherometer rest on the
curved surface.The screw is rotated until the tip coincides the curved surface. The
total reading is noted as before.The experiment is repeated five or six times and the
average reading of te curved surface R3 is calculated.Height or depth of the curvedd
surface h =(R3-R1)mm.
Then the spherometer is pressed on a paper and the average distance between
any two legs 'l' of the spherometer is measured by using the formula l=(l1+l2+l3)/3
cm.
Then the radius of curvature of the spherical surface is calculated using the
formula
l2 h
R= + cm
6h 2
Observations:
Pitch of the screw = ........................................mm
Least count = .........................................mm
The average distance between the three legs of the spherometer l=...............cm
I.Table :- Readings of the spherometer (R1) on the plane surface

S.NO P.S.R.(mm) H.S.R (n) Fraction=nxL.C (mm) Total reading= (A+B)mm
A B
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Average reading R1=..........................................mm
II.Table :- Readings of the spherometer (R2) when the tip of the screw is on the given glass pate.
S.No P.S.R. (mm) H.S.R (n) Fraction = nxL.C (mm) Total reading=(A+B)mm
A B
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Average reading R2 = ..................................mm

The thickness of the given glass plate =R2 – R1 =..........................mm
III.Table:- Readings of the spherometer (R3) when it is on a spherical surface.
S.No P.S.R.(mm) H.S.R(n) Fraction=nxL.C (mm) Total reading=(A+B) mm

A B
Average reading R3 = .................................mm

Height of the spherical surface (h) = R3 – R1 =..................mm
Precautions: 1)It must be ensured that always screw tip just touches the surface rocking before
taking readings.
2)The head scale coincidence is noted with out parallax error.
3)All the readings including l(length) also be preferably taken in mm(or)cm.
Result : 1)The thickness of the given glass plate =.....................................mm

2)The radius of curvature of the given spherical surface R=..................mm or cm

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SPHEROMETER

Principle: It works on the principle of screw

pitch of the screw = no.of rotations

Pitchof the screw

Determine the radius of curvature of the given curved surface:

I.Table :- Readings of the spherometer (R1) on the plane surface

Average reading R1=..........................................mm

Average reading R2 = ..................................mm

III.Table:- Readings of the spherometer (R3) when it is on a spherical surface.

S.No P.S.R.(mm) H.S.R(n) Fraction=nxL.C (mm) Total reading=(A+B) mm

Average reading R3 = .................................mm

Result : 1)The thickness of the given glass plate =.....................................mm

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