MULTI OPERATION MACHINE

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Mechanical Engineering
SUBMITTED BY

Azizur Rahman 150891700019

Rahul Giri 150891700070
Nezamuddin 150891700058
Santosh Ranjan 150891700095
Sachin Kr. 150891700089
Lakshay 150891700048
Deepak 150891700025

SUBMITTED TO

Department of Mechanical Engineering

YAMUNA POLYTECHNIC FOR ENGINEERING

APRIL 2018

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 MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE

ABSTRACT
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This thesis deal with design, development and fabrication of
“MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE”. This machine is designed for
the purpose of MULTI-OPERATIONs i.e. DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING.
This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with
required speed & this machine is automatic which is controlled or
operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This machine
is based on the mechanism of whitworths return. This model of the
multi OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries and domestic
OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like drilling,
cutting &shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

LIST OF FIGURE
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No. Figure Name
1. Whitworth’s Mechanism
2. 3D View of MPMM
3. ACTUAL VIEW of MPMM
4. Drilling Machine
5. Shaping Machine
6. Cutting Machine

LIST OF TABLES

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No. Table Name
1. Specification of drill
2. Specification of hacksaw
3. Project Cost

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Acknowledgement…………………………………

Abstract ……………………………………………

List of Figures …………………………………

Chapter: 1 Project Definition1.1 Problem statement………………………….

1.2 Problem identification...................................

Chapter: 2 Mechanism of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE

2.1Objective………………………………………

2.2 Theory…………………………………………

2.3 Whitworth’s Mechanism……………………….

Chapter:3 Design of model

3.1 Components……………………………………

3.2 Calculation……………………………………

3.3 Advantage…………………………………….

Chapter:4 Operation of Machine

4.1Drilling………………………………………..

4.2Shaping………………………………………

4.3Cutting………………………………………..

Chapter:5 Project Cost …………………………

Chapter:6 Future Implementation…………………..

Chapter:7 Conclusion…………………………………

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Chapter:8 Refrence……………………………………

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Chapter: 1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
1.1 Problem Statement
To design and development of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL
MACHINE, a structured which is designed for the purpose of MULTI-
OPERATIONs i.e. DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING.

1.2 Problem Identification

This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with
required speed & this machine is automatic which is controlled or
operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This machine
is based on the mechanism of whitworths return. This model of the
multi OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries and domestic
OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like drilling,
cutting & shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

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Chapter: 2 MECHANISM OF MACHINE
WHITWORTH’S QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
2.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this experiment is to investigate the performance of a
whitworth quick turn motion and to verify that the motion does have a
quick return stroke and a slow cutting or forward stroke.

2.2 THEORY
Definition of a mechanism
Mechanisms is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram,
whis is used to reproduce exactly the motion occuring in a machine.
The purpose if this reproduction is to enable the nature of the motion
to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid bodies
which forms the machine elements.

2.3 WHITWORTH’S QUICK RETURN MECHANISM Whitworth’s

mechanism

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 The above diagram show a the mechanism as used on the apparatus.
Link 1 on the top diagram is extended to point A. Attach to point A is
another link with pivot . The other end of this link terminated in a
slider. In a machine tool where this mechanism is used the cutting tool
is attached to this slider.

The link POA rotates about a O. The mechanism is driven by crank PC

which rotates a about C with constant velocity. The slider at P slides
along POA as the crank is turned. Its path is shown by the dashed circle,
centered on C and through P. Clearly when P is at P1 the slider S is at
the outer extremity of its travel .When P is at P2 the slider S is at the
inner extremity of its travel.

Now as PC rotates with constant velocity the time taken to go from P1

to P2 is less than that taken to go from P2 to P1. However during both
those time intervals the slider as moving the same distance. Therefore
the speed of S is different during the different parts of cycle. During the
shorter time intervals P1 to P2 the slider as has the greater speed and
during the interval P2 to P1it has slower speed . Thus P1 to P2 is quick
return and P2 to P1.

When applied to metal cutting machine the other advantage is variable

power distribution during the cycle .When S is on the return stroke the
slider at P is nearer to O and simple moments shows that the torque
applied is low. Hence, the return stroke uses less power as P=T.w.
During the cutting stroke the slider at P is at greater radius from O and
thus more power is available to perform useful work in cutting metal.
THUS THE OVERALL PERFORMANCE IS TO PROVIDE HIGH POWER
FORWARDCUTTING STROKE WITH A LOW POWER AND HIGHER SPEED
QUICK RETURNIN PREPARATION FOR THE NEXT CUT.

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Chapter: 3 DESIGN OF MODEL

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 ACTUAL MODEL

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3.1Component of machine
1) FRAME

2) BEVEL GEAR

3) WHITWORTH MECHANISM

4) MOTOR

5) PULLEY

6) BEARING (BALL & SLIDING BEARING)

7) ROCKER ARM

8) HACKSAW BLADE

9) TOOL POST

10) DRILLING CHUCK

11) DRILL TOOL

12) SINGLE CUTTING TOOL

13) TABLE

14) NUT & BOLT

15) OTHER COMPONETS

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3.2 CALCULATION
1. Cutting/shaping Speed
Speed of motor (Nm): 2400 rpm

Diameter of pulley A : 25mm

Diameter of pulley B : 160mm

We have to find out Bull wheel speed (Ns):

We know that,

NsNm=Da/Db

Ns=(Da/Db)*Nm

Ns=(25/160)*2400 =375 rpm

Bull Wheel speed(Ns)=375rpm

1 stroke of ram is completed in 1 revolution of crank wheel.

K=1

Velocity of sawing/Shaping Machine;

Velocity(v)={L*N*(1+K)}/1000 m/min

Length of Ram stroke(L)=50mm

Number of Full stroke(N)=200stroke/min

Ratio of return time to cutting time(K)=1

Hence,

V={L*N*(1+k)}/1000
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V={50*200*(1+1)}/1000

V=20m/min

Therefore, velocity or Ram(Cutting/shaping) is 20m/min.

2.Drilling Speed:
Speed of Pinion(Np) : 375rpm

No. of teeth Pinion (Tp) : 10

No. of teeth Gear (Tg) : 18

We have to find out Speed of gear (Ng)

We know that,

Ng/Np=Tp/Tg

Ng=(Tp/Tg)*Np

Ng=(10/18)*375= 208 rpm

Therefore, Drilling speed is 208rpm.

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3.3 ADVANTAGE
 Multi operations are performed at one time
 Our machine is used Return stroke (whit worth) mechanism
 The return stroke of shaper machine is utilized as cutting operation
 All operation is performed by only one motor
 Size is compact therefore it require less space
 Time saving
 Less man power is required
 Low manufacturing & maintenance cost

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Chapter: 4 OPERATION OF MACHINE
Operation performs by machine:-

1. DRILLING

2. SHAPING

3. CUTTING

4.1DRILLING
Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by
using a rotating cutter called DRILL.

 The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine.

 The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the
drill is held in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck.
 The most common drill used is the twist drill.

Drilling Machine
 It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.
 The work piece is held stationary i.e. Clamped in position and the
drill rotates to make a hole.

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Components of drilling machine
1. Spindle

The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed
position in a sleeve.

2. Sleeve

The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its
bearing in a directionparallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the
spindle with a cutting tool is lowered, thecutting tool is fed into the
work: and when it’s moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn
fromthe work. Feed pressure applied to the sleeve by hand or power
causes the revolving drill to cutits way into the work a fraction of an
mm per revolution.

3. Column

The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The
column supports thehead and the sleeve or quill assembly.

4. Head

The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle,

an electric motorand feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the
column.

5. Worktable

The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The

worktable can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights
of work or it can be swung completely out of the way. It may be tilted

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up to 90 degree in either direction, to allow long pieces to be end or
angle drilled.

6. Base

The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when
bolted to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best
machining accuracy. The top of the base is similar to the worktable and
may be equipped with t- slot for mounting work too larger for the
table.

7.Hand Feed

The hand- feed drilling machines are the simplest and most common
type of drilling machines in use today. These are light duty machine
that are operated by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the
operator is able to “feel” the action of the cutting tool as it cuts through
the workpiece. These drilling machines can be bench or floor mounted.

8. Power feed

The power feed drilling machine are usually larger and heavier than the
hand feed ones they are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting
tool in to the work automatically duty work or the work that uses large
drills that require power feed larger work pieces are usually clamped
directly to the table or base using t –bolts and clamps by a small work
places are held in a vice. A depth –stop mechanism is located on the
head, near the spindle, to aid in drilling to a precise depth.

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4.2 SHAPING
The shaping machine is used to machine flat metal surfaces especially
where a large amount ofmetal has to be removed. Other machines such
as milling machines are much more expensiveand are more suited to
removing smaller amounts of metal, very accurately.

 The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping

machine can be seen in thediagram. As the disc rotates the top of
the machine moves forwards and backwards,pushing a cutting tool.
The cutting tool removes the metal from work which is
carefullybolted down.
 The shaping machine is a simple and yet extremely effective
machine. It is used toremove material, usually metals such as steel or
aluminium, to produce a flat surface.However, it can also be used to
manufacture gears such as rack and pinion systems andother
complex shapes. Inside its shell/casing is a crank and slider

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 mechanism that pushesthe cutting tool forward and returns it to its
original position. This motion is continuous.

SHAPING MACHINE

4.3CUTTING
A hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade held under tensionin a
frame, usedfor cuttingmaterials such as metal or plastics. Hand-held
hacksaws consist of a metal arch with ahandle, usually a pistol grip,
with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. A screw or
othermechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. The blade
can be mounted with the teethfacing toward or away from the handle,
resulting in cutting action on either the push or pullstroke. On the push
stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade.

Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 or 12 inches for

a standard handhacksaw. "junior" hacksaws are half this size. Powered
hacksaws may use large blades in a rangeof sizes, or small machines
may use the same hand blades.
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Specification of hacksaw
Size of hacksaw blade:-

Thickness;-1.27-2.54 mm

Width;-25.40-50.80mm

Length 304.80-609.60mm

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Chapter : 5 COSTING OF PROJECT
Sr. Particulars Total CostRs./unit Total Cost
No. Quantity
1. Motor- 2400rpm 01 1500 1500
2. Bearing 6600 no. 04 80 320
3. Bearing 60x100 01 450 450
4. Gear & pinion 01 620 620
5. Circular Plate(150mm dia) 04 85 340
6. Screw nut Assembly 03 25 75
7. Iron angle thickness 3mm 12kg 80 960
8. Pipe (20mm dia) 5 feet 40 200
9. Pulley(160mm dia) 01 270 270
10. Pulley(20mm dia) 01 80 80
11. Rope 01 30 30
12. Drill Chuck 01 110 110
13. Drill Tool(2.5mm) 01 20 20
14. Hacksaw tool 01 20 20
15. Shaping tool 01 15 15
16. Welding Work - 1200 1200
17. Paint 02 60 120
18. Nut & bolt 02 10 20
19. Lubricant 01 50 50
20 Cable 01 20 20
21. Transportation& Misc. - 600 600
Expenses
TOTAL 7020/-

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Chapter: 6 FUTURE IMPLIMENTATION
 We can perform various operations like cutting , drilling or
shapingindividually by introducing coupling ( engagement &
disengagement )between them.
 We can perform Grinding operation by introducing a grinding tool at
themain shaft.
 We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool
byreplacing drilling tool.
 We can change the speed of motor by regulator.

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Chapter: 7 CONCLUSION
After completing the major project on “MUILTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL
MACHINE” weare much happy and would like to thank our professor,
guides and the lectures of the concerneddepartment who have guided
us.While making this project we have been able to learn a lot and
understand the various aspects of“MUILTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL
MACHINE” we can use our knowledge, which we getduring our study.

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Chapter: 8 Reference
Websites:

www.technologystudent.com

www.terry-eng27.blogspot.in

www.en.wikipedia.org

www.ask.reference.com

www.dictionary.reference.com

www.community.machinedesign.com

www.gtuinnovationcouncil.ac.in

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsaoTo1vuY4&NR=1&feature=ends
creen

www.google.com

www.sciencedirect.com

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The Helpful Books:
Workshop Technology(Hazrachaudhary)

Theory of Machine (R.S.Khurmi)

Machine Design Production Technology

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