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Global Demograpy

This document summarizes key aspects of global demography. It discusses how demography is the study of human populations in terms of their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. Population changes are driven by births, deaths, and migration. A population's composition can be described by attributes like age, sex, and socioeconomic factors. Demographers study population dynamics to understand social and economic issues and help with planning. Historically, demographic patterns were stable, but major changes have occurred in recent decades due to factors like decreasing fertility rates in more developed countries and increasing urbanization.

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Nit Nit Fernandez
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217 views

Global Demograpy

This document summarizes key aspects of global demography. It discusses how demography is the study of human populations in terms of their size, composition, and distribution over time and space. Population changes are driven by births, deaths, and migration. A population's composition can be described by attributes like age, sex, and socioeconomic factors. Demographers study population dynamics to understand social and economic issues and help with planning. Historically, demographic patterns were stable, but major changes have occurred in recent decades due to factors like decreasing fertility rates in more developed countries and increasing urbanization.

Uploaded by

Nit Nit Fernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Global Demography

Demography is the study of human populations – their size, composition and distribution across
space – and the process through which populations change. Births, deaths and migration are the ‘big
three’ of demography, jointly producing population stability or change.

A population’s composition may be described in terms of basic demographic features – age, sex, family
and household status – and by features of the population’s social and economic context – language,
education, occupation, ethnicity, religion, income and wealth. The distribution of populations can be
defined at multiple levels (local, regional, national, global) and with different types of boundaries
(political, economic, geographic). Demography is a central component of societal contexts and social
change.

Demography is very useful for understanding social and economic problems and identifying potential
solutions. Demographers are engaged in social planning, market research, insurance forecasting, labor
market analysis, economic development and so on. They work for private firms and public agencies at
local, regional, national and international levels.

For much of human history, demographic patterns were reasonably stable; human populations grew
slowly, and the age structures, birth rates, and death rates of populations changed only gradually.
Epidemics and pandemics had huge effects on populations, but these effects were short-lived and had
little bearing on longterm trends.

Abstract

Demography is the study of human population dynamics. Population is shaped by a number of factors
including fertility, mortality, migration and urbanization. Significant demographic changes have been
shown in many parts of the world. The world population growth has been decelerating since 1970s.
Fertility rates in more developed countries (MDCs) have been showing a declining trend, whereas an
increasing one in the less developed countries (LDCs). Mortality rates have gone down in both MDCs and
LDCs due to medical advancement. Consequently, the population of the countries with low fertility rates
aged more quickly, and the world population growth will be concentrated in those developing countries
where fertility rates remain high. Uneven population growth among nations accelerated the migration of
people across nation borders and the growth of cities. The changes of these interrelated factors with
their causes and problems of each of the factors will be discussed, followed by some possible plans and
opportunities that may benefit from these changes.

1.Fertility- Fertility is the incidence of childbearing in a country’s population. Fertility rates have been
falling in the MDCs. Findings from PRB (2009a) showed that the growth of future population would be
almost entirely in the LDCs, with the most rapid growth in the poorest countries and regions where
fertility rates still remain high.
2. Mortality- Mortality refers to the incidence of death in a country’s population. The phenomenal
increase in world population in the 20th century was a consequence of the worldwide trend towards
increasing life expectancy and declining mortality, as a result of health and medical advancements.

3.Migration- Migration refers to the movement of people into and out of a particular territory.The annual
number of legal immigrants has been increasing since the 1950s, and the regions sending migrants have
shifted from Europe to Latin America and Asia (see figure 3.1). In 2005, the U.S. was home to more
foreign-born residents than any other country, accounting 38 million of people. Russia was the second,
which accounted for 12 million immigrants, and Germany was the third with 10 million.

4.Ageing Population- World population ageing is unprecedented and enduring. By 2050, the number of
older persons in the world would exceed the number of young for the first time in history (UNDESA
2009).

5.Urbanization, the Growth of Cities- Urbanization is defined as the concentration of humanity into
cities. Cities have existed for thousands of years but grew faster after the industrial revolution. Since the
1950s, rapid urban growth has become a global phenomenon.

Reporter: Toscano, Ella marie G.

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