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    Pyro Meter

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    frenie
    A radiation pyrometer is a non-contact temperature sensor that measures the temperature of an object by detecting its thermal radiation. There are two main types - total radiation pyrometers measure radiation at all wavelengths, while selective radiation pyrometers measure at a given wavelength. Radiation pyrometers use an optical system including a lens and mirror to focus thermal radiation onto a detector which converts it to an electrical signal and temperature display. They have advantages of non-contact use at high temperatures but require adjustments for emissivity and intervening gases. Common applications include furnaces, manufacturing processes, and measuring moving or remote objects.

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    Pyro Meter

    Uploaded by

    frenie
    91 views4 pages
    A radiation pyrometer is a non-contact temperature sensor that measures the temperature of an object by detecting its thermal radiation. There are two main types - total radiation pyrometers measure radiation at all wavelengths, while selective radiation pyrometers measure at a given wavelength. Radiation pyrometers use an optical system including a lens and mirror to focus thermal radiation onto a detector which converts it to an electrical signal and temperature display. They have advantages of non-contact use at high temperatures but require adjustments for emissivity and intervening gases. Common applications include furnaces, manufacturing processes, and measuring moving or remote objects.

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    Radiation Pyrometer

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    A radiation pyrometer is a non-contact temperature sensor that measures the temperature of an object by detecting its thermal radiation. There are two main types - total radiation pyrometers measure radiation at all wavelengths, while selective radiation pyrometers measure at a given wavelength. Radiation pyrometers use an optical system including a lens and mirror to focus thermal radiation onto a detector which converts it to an electrical signal and temperature display. They have advantages of non-contact use at high temperatures but require adjustments for emissivity and intervening gases. Common applications include furnaces, manufacturing processes, and measuring moving or remote objects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    91 views4 pages

    Pyro Meter

    Uploaded by

    frenie
    A radiation pyrometer is a non-contact temperature sensor that measures the temperature of an object by detecting its thermal radiation. There are two main types - total radiation pyrometers measure radiation at all wavelengths, while selective radiation pyrometers measure at a given wavelength. Radiation pyrometers use an optical system including a lens and mirror to focus thermal radiation onto a detector which converts it to an electrical signal and temperature display. They have advantages of non-contact use at high temperatures but require adjustments for emissivity and intervening gases. Common applications include furnaces, manufacturing processes, and measuring moving or remote objects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Radiation Pyrometer

    Radiation Pyrometer

    A pyrometer is any temperature measurement device that includes a sensor and


    a reading. However, in this section we will discuss only radiation pyrometers. A radiation
    pyrometer is a non-contact temperature sensor that infers the temperature of an object
    by detecting its thermal radiation emitted naturally.

    The wavelengths measured by the device are known to be pure radiation


    wavelengths, that is, the common range for radioactive heat. This device is used in
    places where physical contact temperature sensors like Thermocouple, RTD, and
    Thermistors would fail because of the high temperature of the source.

    The main theory behind a radiation pyrometer is that the temperature is


    measured through the naturally emitted heat radiation by the body. This heat is known
    to be a function of its temperature. According to the application of the device, the way in
    which the heat is measured can be summarized into two:

    1. Total Radiation Pyrometer – In this method, the total heat emitted from the hot source
    is measured at all wavelengths.
    2. Selective Radiation Pyrometer – In this method, the heat radiated from the hot source
    is measured at a given wavelength.

    As shown in the figure below, the radiation pyrometer has an optical system,
    including a lens, a mirror and an adjustable eye piece. The heat energy emitted from the
    hot body is passed on to the optical lens, which collects it and is focused on to the
    detector with the help of the mirror and eye piece arrangement. The detector may either
    be a thermistor or photomultiplier tubes. Though the latter is known for faster detection
    of fast moving objects, the former may be used for small scale applications. Thus, the
    heat energy is converted to its corresponding electrical signal by the detector and is
    sent to the output temperature display device.
    There are mainly two types of radiation pyrometers:

     Fixed Focus Type


    It mainly consists of a long tube; a concave mirror is placed at the end of the tube as
    shown. A sensitive thermocouple is placed in front of the concave mirror in such a
    suitable distance, that the heat radiation which enters the tube through narrow aperture
    at the front end of tube, reflected by the concave mirror and focused on the hot junction
    of the thermocouple. Due to this fixed concave mirror the radiation is always focused on
    the thermocouple irrespective of the distance between hot object and this instrument.
    This is reason for which this instrument is called fixed focus type radiation pyrometer.
    The emf generated in the thermocouple is then measured with a help of a galvanometer
    or millivoltmeter and this can be directly calibrated with temperature to get temperature
    reading readily.

    Fixed Focus Type Radiation Pyrometer

     Variable Focus Type


    The figure below shows a basic construction of adjustable focus type of instrument.
    Unlike, fixed focus radiator pyrometer, here the position of the concave mirror can be
    adjusted by adjusting knob attached to the instrument. Due to this adjustable concave
    mirror, the instrument is known as variable focus radiation pyrometer. The concave
    mirror made of highly polished steel. The heat rays form the targeted hot object are first
    received by the concave mirror then are reflected on to the blackened thermo junction
    consisting of a very small copper or silver disc to which the wires forming the junction
    are soldered.

    The visible image of the hot body can be seen on the small metallic disc attached to
    thermo-couple junction, through the eyepiece and the central hole of the main concave
    mirror. The position of main concave mirror is adjusted until the focus coincides with the
    smaller metallic disc attached to the thermocouple junction. The heating of the thermo
    junction due to this thermal image on the small metal disc produces an electro-motive
    force. The temperature of the object can be measured by measuring this thermally
    generated emf by a sesative galvanometer or millivoltymeter.

    Variable Focus Type Radiation Pyrometer

    Advantages:
     The radiation pyrometer has high output and moderate cost.
     The device can be used to measure very high temperatures without direct
    contact with the hot source (Molten metal).
     It has fast speed response
     It has good stability
     It has no physical contact with target of measurement
     The biggest advantage is that the optical lens can be adjusted to measure
    temperature of objects that are even 1/15 inch in diameter and that too kept at a
    long s=distance from the measuring device.
     The sight path of the device is maintained by the construction of the instrument
    components, such as the lens and curved mirrors.
     It can be used to measure invisible rays from radiations.
     It can be used to measure temperature of moving target. High-speed
    pyrometers are able to create a detailed temperature profile from quickly
    passing parts.
     It can be used in corrosive environments which contaminate or limit the
    life of thermocouple.
    Disadvantages:
     The radiation pyrometer is used for temperature above the physical operating
    range of thermocouples.
     It is used for measurement of temperature in exhaust, flues etc. in heating
    system.
     The design of radiation pyrometer is complex in nature.
     It has a non-linear scale.
     Possible errors due to the pressure to the gases or vapors that intervene and that
    absorb the radiation.
     Emissivity of the target material that affects the measurement.

    Applications:

     The radiation pyrometer type temperature sensor is mainly used for measuring
    temperature of furnaces. But the terminals of the thermocouple which creates the
    cold junction must be protected against the heat from the hot body. They are
    suitable for measuring temperature above 600°C as because in lower
    temperature the temperature of the pyrometer itself cannot be ignored compared
    to the temperature of the hot body.
     Manufacturing application: Food Production (processing, bottling, coating,
    packaging, sealing, storing).
     Ceramics and Cement Production (Cement and Lime kilns, Refractory
    monitoring).
     Laser processes (additive manufacturing or laser cladding, laser hardening
    or laser plastic welding).
     In the blast furnace and metallurgical furnace.
     To measure steam pressure.
     To measure the moving objects.
     The application is used in smelter, over the bath pyrometer, steam boiler, hot air
    balloons and gas turbine engine.

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