Operating Instructions

Compact Titrator
G20
 Table of contents

Table of contents

1 Introduction 7
2 Description of Functions 8
2.1 Layout of the Terminal 8
2.2 Operating the Touchscreen 8
2.3 The Homescreen 8
2.4 The User Interface 8
2.4.1 Entering Data in the User Interface 9
2.4.2 Shortcuts and Direct Shortcuts 9
2.4.3 The Start Analysis Dialog 10
2.4.4 The Online Dialog 10
3 Setup 12
3.1 Chemicals 12
3.1.1 Titrant 12
3.1.2 Auxiliary reagents 13
3.1.3 Calibration standards 13
3.1.4 Titer standards 15
3.1.5 Substances 15
3.2 Hardware 16
3.2.1 Sensors 16
3.2.1.1 Value ranges from sensor measuring units and control band 18
3.2.1.2 Sensor calibration / pH Sensor test 18
3.2.2 Pump 21
3.2.3 Peripherals 21
3.2.4 Titration stands 24
3.2.5 Auxiliary instruments 24
3.3 User settings 25
3.3.1 Language 25
3.3.2 Screen 26
3.3.3 Beep 26
3.3.4 Shortcuts 26
3.3.5 Keyboards 27
3.4 Global settings 27
3.4.1 System 27
3.4.2 User Management 27
3.4.3 Performance of analyses and resources 28
3.5 Values 29
3.6 Service & Maintenance 30
3.6.1 MT service 30
3.6.2 Import/Export 30
3.6.3 Reset to factory settings 31
3.6.4 Titrator firmware history 31
3.6.5 Board firmware 31
3.6.6 Terminal 32
3.6.7 Board data 32
3.6.8 Drives 32
3.6.9 Burettes 32
3.6.10 Update 32

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Table of contents

4 Manual Operations 33
4.1 Stirrer 33
4.2 Pump 33
4.3 Sensor 34
4.3.1 Temperature sensor 35
4.3.2 Potentiometric Sensor 35
4.3.3 Polarized sensor 36
4.4 Auxiliary Instrument 37
4.5 Burette 39
4.5.1 Rinse burette 39
4.5.2 Rinsing several burettes at the same time 40
4.5.3 Dispense 40
4.5.4 Manual titration 41
5 Methods 43
5.1 METTLER TOLEDO Methods 44
5.2 Establishing Methods 44
5.2.1 Method Templates 45
5.3 Modifying or Deleting Methods 46
5.4 Starting Methods 46
5.5 Stopping Methods 47
5.5.1 Suspension of an ongoing analysis by the user 47
5.5.2 Interruption of an ongoing analysis by the titrator 47
5.6 Method Syntax – Rules for Establishing a Method 48
5.6.1 Types and Possible Number of Loops 48
5.6.2 Sample Loops 48
5.6.3 Inserting and Deleting Loops 48
5.7 Overview of Method functions 49
5.8 Method functions 49
5.8.1 Title 50
5.8.2 Sample 50
5.8.3 Sample (titer) 51
5.8.4 Sample (calibration) 51
5.8.5 Titration stand 52
5.8.6 Pump 52
5.8.7 Stir 53
5.8.8 Dispense (normal) 53
5.8.9 Methods with subfunctions 53
5.8.9.1 Measure (normal) 53
5.8.9.2 Titration (EQP) 56
5.8.9.3 Mode 59
5.8.9.4 Titration (EP) 60
5.8.9.5 Titration(LearnEQP) 62
5.8.10 Calculation 63
5.8.11 Record 64
5.8.12 End of sample 65
5.8.13 Titer 65
5.8.14 Calibration 65

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 Table of contents

5.8.15 pH sensor test 66

5.8.16 Blank 67
5.8.17 Auxiliary instrument 68
5.8.17.1 Control type: 24V output 68
5.8.17.2 Control type: Stirrer 68
5.8.17.3 Control type: Out TTL (Single pin) 68
5.8.17.4 Control type: TTL input (single pin) 69
5.8.17.5 Control type: RS-232 69
5.8.18 Drain 70
5.9 Method functions Within a Loop 70
5.10 Method functions Outside of a Loop 70
6 Series Templates 72
6.1 Sample or Standard Parameters 72
7 Analysis Sequences 74
7.1 Starting an Analysis 74
7.2 Analysis Sequence Steps 75
7.2.1 Analysis sequence 75
8 Titrator Evaluation Procedure 78
8.1 Standard Evaluation Procedure 78
8.2 Minimum / Maximum 79
8.3 Segmented evaluation 79
8.4 Asymmetric 80
9 Analysis Data 82
10 Calculation and Results 83
10.1 Symbols for calculations 83
10.2 Calculation formulas 84
10.3 Results 84
10.4 Results proposal lists 87
10.4.1 Results proposal list inside loop 87
10.4.1.1 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Direct titration" 87
10.4.1.2 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Automatic back titration" 88
10.4.1.3 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Manual back titration" 89
10.4.1.4 Proposal list for "Calculation type= Blank-compensated" 89
10.4.1.5 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Others" 90
10.4.1.6 Proposal List for the Method type "Titer" 90
10.4.2 Results proposal list outside loop 90
11 Appendix 91
11.1 Predefined calibration standards for pH sensors 91
11.1.1 Temperature related values 91
11.1.1.1 METTLER TOLEDO 91
11.1.1.2 DIN / NIST 92
11.1.1.3 MERCK 93
11.1.1.4 FLUKA 94
11.1.1.5 FISCHER 95
11.1.1.6 JIS / JJG 95

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Table of contents

12 Subject index 97

6 G20
 Introduction

1 Introduction
Simple and compact
The devices in METTLER TOLEDO's Titration Compact Line are modern, compact titrators for use in a
wide variety of application areas. They can be used, for example, in quality control as well as in
research and development and satisfy the most demanding of requirements.
The titrators in the Titration Compact Line perfectly combine simple, easy-to-understand operation with
an extremely high level of precision and outstanding reliability. Thanks to automatic titrant recognition
(Plug & Play burettes), the titrator independently identifies which titrant is required without intervention
from the operator.
Titration Compact devices can either be controlled by touchscreen or by using LabX PC software. The
large color touchscreen allows intuitive control by the user and flexibility in its adjustment options. All
functions can be activated directly from the home screen via shortcuts which can be freely created, mak­
ing everyday use extremely easier. The touchscreen control of the titrator and all adjustable parameters
are described in detail in the operating instructions.
The separate installation information explains all the necessary steps for installing and commissioning
your device. The enclosed "Quick Guide" then guides you through the first titration using a practical
example. If you have any additional questions, METTLER TOLEDO is always available to assist you.

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Description of Functions

2 Description of Functions

2.1 Layout of the Terminal

The control panel of the terminal consists of an integrated touchscreen and the following buttons, located
next to the touch-sensitive surface of the display:
● The Reset button ends all tasks that are currently running.
● The Info button accesses the interactive online help for the content of the current dialog.
● Two Home buttons always return you to the homescreen.
You can press these buttons any time, regardless of which dialog you are currently using.
The Reset button acts as an "EMERGENCY STOP" switch. If the titrator malfunctions or there is an operat­
ing error, you can stop all current tasks by pressing the reset button. Afterward, for each task, you can
decide whether to end it completely or continue.

2.2 Operating the Touchscreen

The titrator is operated only via the touchscreen, which is activated automatically when the titrator is
switched on.
To select a button or an input element in the dialog window, you simply touch the screen using a soft
blunt object or a fingertip.
Never touch the surface of the touchscreen with pointed or sharp objects! This may damage the screen!

2.3 The Homescreen

Home is the first screen that is displayed when you start up the titrator.
Home contains five buttons that lead to the following dialog windows:
● Methods: This button takes you to the Method Editor, where you can create and manage methods
(see "Methods").
● Series Templates: In this dialog, you can create and manage series of individual samples, e.g. for
using a sample changer (see "Series Templates").
● Results: You manage the results of your analyses here (see "Results").
● Setup: The hardware and resources the titrator uses are configured in the Setup. You can also make
global and user settings here (see "Setup").
● "Manual": This button takes you to manual operations. You can operate stirrers, sensors, pumps,
etc. here, independently of the analyses (see "Manual Operations").
By pressing the Home key in the terminal control panel, you can return to the Homescreen from any
screen.
In addition, there is another area that can be configured individually by each user (with the necessary
authorization). Each user can store up to 4 shortcuts here. You can use this shortcut to launch defined
methods, series, and manual operations directly from the home dialog (see "Shortcuts and Direct Short­
cuts").

2.4 The User Interface

The graphical user interface consists of the following five basic elements:
● The title bar at the top of the display specifies the name of the current dialog.

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 Description of Functions

● In the top right-hand corner, the Tasks button informs you which processes are currently running.
● The navigation bar, located below the title bar, specifies the path to the current dialog.
● The scroll bar on the right-hand side of the screen becomes visible if the content of the screen
extends beyond the viewable area. If this occurs, use either the arrows or the area in between them
to move the viewable area of the screen up or down.
● Five buttons are located at the bottom of the screen. The function of these buttons varies and
depends on the context of the current dialog.

2.4.1 Entering Data in the User Interface

There are different types of input fields in the user interface. They allow you to enter data or select data
from a list. Input fields can also be deactivated and their contents are then displayed as information only
and cannot be changed in the corresponding dialog.
The various types of input fields are identified by an icon to the right of the screen:

Text input fields Any text comprised of letters, numbers and symbols can be
entered into these fields.
Number input fields Numbers, formulas and auxiliary values can be entered into
these fields. In some fields an auxiliary value can be selected
from the Auxiliary Values list by pressing the "H" button.
Drop-down lists Selecting these fields opens a drop-down list from which you
can select an entry.
List fields Selecting these fields opens a menu list in a new window.

Menu fields Selecting these fields opens a new dialog with a number of
additional menu options.
Formula fields A formula must be entered in these fields. You can enter
these manually or access a menu list by pressing the "Pro­
posal" softkey.
Info field The values in deactivated input fields are displayed as infor­
mation only and cannot be edited in the corresponding dia­
log.
In addition to the input fields there are checkboxes that can be checked in order to select certain function­
alities. Checkboxes can affect the scope of the corresponding dialog, i.e. input fields can be hidden or
visible depending on whether the checkbox is checked.
Sorting Lists
All of the lists displayed in the user interface can be sorted alphabetically or numerically by column in
ascending or descending order. To do this, simply touch the parameter in the header row by which you
would like to sort the list. A small arrow in the header row indicates the parameter by which the list is
sorted and whether it is sorted in ascending or descending order.

2.4.2 Shortcuts and Direct Shortcuts

Shortcuts allow you to start methods, series, and manual operations directly from the homescreen. You
can place shortcuts on the homescreen by pressing the "AddToHome" button. "AddToHome" is located
in the start dialog of each method, series and manual operation.
The titrator supports two types of shortcuts. Direct shortcuts which, when selected, start the task immedi­
ately without warning (only if the other settings allow this), and normal shortcuts which take you to the
Start analysis dialog from which you can start the task.
Shortcuts are user-specific, i.e. each individual user can create shortcuts for the tasks they personally
conduct the most with the titrator. Shortcuts are managed in Setup, under the subcategory User settings.
Here you can delete or modify shortcuts, or change their position on the homescreen (see "User settings:
Shortcuts").

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Description of Functions

Shortcuts for methods, series or manual operations that take

you to the corresponding start dialog.

Shortcuts for methods, series or manual operations with inte­

grated reference symbols in the icon that start the correspond­
ing task when selected provided the other settings allow for it.

Tasks started using the shortcuts can begin immediately without warning. Therefore, always make sure
that all tubes are connected to suitable vessels prior to using a shortcut.
Once the maximum number of shortcuts (4) has been created in the Homescreen, the "AddToHome" but­
ton is deactivated in the Start analysis dialog for methods, series and manual operations.

2.4.3 The Start Analysis Dialog

An analysis - whether it be a single or multiple determination - can be started on the titrator in several dif­
ferent ways:
● By choosing Start from the method editor.
● By choosing Start from the Homescreen.
● By using a shortcut (or direct shortcut) from the Homescreen.
● By choosing Start from the Series dialog.
● By choosing Calibration or Titer from the Setup dialog (in order to start a calibration or titer determi­
nation).
The Start analysis dialog is always the first dialog to appear once you choose Start, Calibration, Sen­
sor test or Titer or the corresponding shortcut.
When a direct shortcut is activated, the Start analysis dialog does not appear and the respective method
starts immediately, provided that the other settings allow this.
The parameters for the previously used method or series appear in the Start analysis dialog so that the
same method can immediately be started again.
Of course, all of the settings can also be adjusted prior to pressing "Start" The type and number of set­
tings displayed in the Start analysis dialog depends on the type of analysis to be started and the
resources used.

2.4.4 The Online Dialog

The Online dialog is displayed when an analysis or manual operation is being performed. The method ID
of the current method or the type of manual operation is displayed in the title bar.
The navigation path is displayed in the navigation bar while a manual operation is being performed. The
remainder of the online dialog is divided into a graphical area (left) and a data area (right). During a
titration or measurement, the graphical area displays the measurement curve. During a titration or mea­
surement, the graphical area displays the measurement curve.
The Online dialog for a titration contains the following buttons:
Results
The Results button is used to display the results and statistics for the analyzed samples after the analy­
sis.

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 Description of Functions

Axes
You can select the units for the horizontal and vertical axes from a list.
Measured values
As an alternative to the online dialog, you can use the Measured values button to display a table of
measured values during the analysis.
Samples
Choose Samples to change sample and series data.
Suspend
You can choose Suspend to cancel the current analysis. This displays the Suspending options dialog.
You can save the series data or skip the sample. In this dialog, you also have the option to continue the
analysis or to end it completely.
Depending on the type of method function being performed, the online dialog displays various data such
as measured values, remaining run times, volume dispensed, stirrer speed, duration of the analysis, or
temperature.

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Setup

3 Setup
This section tells you how to set up the titrator in accordance with your requirements so that you can car­
ry out titration. Use the "Setup" button to define/configure the following ranges:
Chemicals Titrant
Auxiliary reagents
Calibration standards
Titer standards
Substances
Hardware Sensors
Pump
Peripherals
Titration stands
Auxiliary instruments
User settings Language
Screen
Beep
Shortcuts
Keyboards
Global settings System
User Management
Analysis and resources behaviour
Values Blanks
Auxiliary values
Service & maintenance MT service
Import/Export
Reset to factory settings
Titrator firmware history
Board firmware
Terminal
Board data
Drives
Burettes
Update

3.1 Chemicals
You can use the Chemicals dialog to configure and manage the titrant, auxiliary reagents, titer standard,
and other substances. You can view and print out lists of chemicals that have already been defined. You
can also specify new chemicals or delete created chemicals.
Auxiliary reagents must be assigned to a pump with which they can be added. Titrants (independently of
the type) must each be assigned to a drive.

3.1.1 Titrant
Navigation: Setup > Chemicals > Titrants
Titrants are managed together with burettes and burette drive (PnP with chip and traditional burettes with­
out chips).
For classical burettes, the relevant titrant data is entered manually. For PnP (Plug&Play) burettes, the
data is automatically read from the chip and automatically transferred to the setup. If the chip has not yet
been described, the data must be entered in the titrant setup or assigned to a titrant. The data is saved in

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 Setup

both the titrator and in the chip.

You can create new titrants as follows:
Choose New in the Titrant dialog to open the titrant parameters.
You can define the following parameters for each titrant here:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type The type of titrant. You can select from the following three General Titration |
types of titrant: Auxiliary Reagent
● Classical titrants for general titration (GT).
● Auxiliary reagents (AR), if you are adding reagents man­
ually using a burette.

Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary

Concentration The concentration of the titrant, in [mol/L]. (For "type" = 0.00001 … 100
"general titration".) 0.00001 … 104
The non-dimensional concentration of an auxiliary reagent.
(For "type" = "auxiliary reagent".)
Titer The titer for the titrant (GT). 0.00001 … 10
Lot/Batch The lot or batch of the reagent. Enter any designation. Arbitrary
Fill rate The filling rate of the burette in percent. 100% stands for 30…100
maximum filling rate.
Burette volume Here you can select the burette volume in [ml]. 1 | 5 | 10 | 20
Drive Defines the drive on which you will use the burette containing 1|2
the titrant.
Serial number The serial number of the relevant device type. Arbitrary
● Titrants (independently of the type) must each be assigned to a drive.
● A maximum of 100 titrants can be defined in the instrument.
● In PnP burettes, the serial number is entered automatically. This can, however, be changed.

3.1.2 Auxiliary reagents

Navigation: Setup > Chemicals > Auxiliary Reagents
Auxiliary reagents are liquid chemicals that can be used to aid the titration process. Auxiliary reagents
must be added using a pump and can be used via the method functions "Pumps".
To define a new auxiliary reagent, proceed as follows:
Choose the New button in the Auxiliary Reagents dialog window to open the Auxiliary reagents
parameters dialog.
Here you can edit or select the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Pump You can use this setting to select a pump from the pump list Pump list
in the setup.
● Auxiliary reagents must be assigned to a pump with which they can be added.
● A maximum of 50 auxiliary reagents can be defined in the instrument.

3.1.3 Calibration standards

Navigation: Setup > Chemicals > Calibration Standards

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Setup

Calibration standards are used for the calibration of sensors. The titration instrument Setup function con­
tains various calibration standard lists for the calibration of pH sensors (pH buffer lists), ISE sensors (ISE
standard lists) and conductivity sensors (conductivity standard lists) (see Appendix). In this dialog, you
can view and print the predefined lists stored in the titrator, and create additional user-defined calibration
standard lists for pH buffers and ISE and conductivity standards.
To create new user-defined calibration standard lists, proceed as follows:
In the Chemicals dialog, press the Calibration standards button to open Calibration standard
groups. Here, choose New to open the Group parameters dialog.
a) Select the corresponding type for the new calibration standard list. Select from: "pH", "Auto pH"and
"ISE". The type depends on the sensor to be calibrated. For the type "Auto pH", select a suitable pH
buffer from the "Base list" list field. For the types "ISE" and conductivity, select the relevant unit and
the reference temperature.
b) Assign a name of your choice for the new list.
c) Enter the ref. temperature in [°C] that all the standards or pH buffers of a calibration standard list
will reference.
d) After you have created a calibration standard list, you can add various buffers and standards to this
list, depending on the type selected:
● For a calibration standard list of type "pH": See "Adding a pH Calibration Standard (pH Buffer)"
below.
● For a calibration standard list of type "Auto pH": See "Adding a pH Calibration Standard (pH Buffer) to
an Auto pH Calibration Standard List" below.
● For a calibration standard list of type "ISE": See "Adding an ISE Calibration Standard (ISE Standard)"
below.
● To delete a self-defined calibration standard list from the titrator, you must first access the parameters
in the list via the "Info" softkey. From this dialog, you can delete the calibration standard list from the
titrator memory by selecting "delete".
● A maximum of 20 user-defined calibration standard lists and 10 auto pH buffer lists can be defined
in the titrator.

Adding a pH Calibration Standard (pH Buffer)

After creating a calibration standard list of the type "pH", you can add various pH buffers to it by
choosing "New". To do so, enter the respective pH value of the buffer, based on the reference temper­
ature from the calibration standard list:
a) To display the temperature influence of a pH buffer, you can enter a maximum of 20 variant pairs for
each individual buffer composed of the temperature and corresponding pH value:
b) Select a buffer and press "New". This is how you can create a complete calibration standard list
according to the lists already stored in the titrator.

Adding a pH Calibration Standard (pH buffer) to an Auto pH calibration standard list

For a calibration standard list of the type "Auto pH", the various pH buffers are detected by the titrator
automatically. In order to ensure positive identification, the pH values of the individual solutions must
differ from each other by at least two units.
You can add the calibration standard lists of various pH buffers by selecting them from the specified base
list. By doing so, the titrator offers only suitable pH buffers in order to ensure that the selected pH buffers
always differ from each other by at least two pH points.
The temperature dependency of the individual pH buffers is also taken from the base list and cannot be
edited, only viewed.

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 Setup

Adding an ISE Calibration Standard (ISE Standard)

After creating a calibration standard list of the type "ISE", you can add various ISE standards to it by
choosing "New".
a) Enter the corresponding value for the standard in the desired unit of measure, based on the reference
temperature from the calibration standard list:
b) To display the temperature influence of an ISE standard, you can enter a maximum of 20 value
pairs for each individual standard composed of the temperature and corresponding standard value:
Select a buffer and press "New". Thus you can create a complete calibration standard list for ISE
sensors.

3.1.4 Titer standards

Navigation: Setup > Chemicals > Titer standards
The titer standards required to determine the titer for the titrant used can be stored and managed in the
titrator.
To define a new standard, proceed as follows:
Choose the New button in the Titer standards window. This opens the Titer standard parameter
dialog.
Using the Type drop-down list, define whether you want to create a solid or liquid titer standard.
You can define the following parameters for the corresponding standards:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type Defines whether it is a liquid or solid titer standard. Solid | Liquid
Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Purity The purity of a solid standard, in percent. (For "type" = "sol­ 0.001 … 100.000
id" only.)
Concentration The concentration of a liquid standard, in [mol/L]. 0.00001 … 100
M The molar mass of a solid standard, in [g/mol]. 0.00001 … 1000
Equivalent num­ The equivalent number "z" of the standard 1…9
ber
Density The density of a liquid standard, in [g/ml] (for types "liq­ 10-4 … 100
uid").
Lot/Batch The lot or batch of the reagent. Enter any designation. Arbitrary
● All fields except for "Lot/Batch" must be filled before the standard can be saved.
● A maximum of 50 titer standards can be defined in the instrument.

3.1.5 Substances
Navigation: Setup > Chemicals > Substances
Any chemical substances that are required for performing your analyses can be managed using name,
empirical formula, molecular weight, and equivalent number.
To define a new substance, proceed as follows:
Choose the New button in the Substances dialog window to open the Substance Parameters dia­
log.
In this dialog, you can define the following parameters:

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Setup

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Empirical for­ The empirical formula of the substance. Arbitrary
mula
Molecular The molecular weight of the substance. 0.0001…104
weight
Equivalent num­ The equivalent number "z" of the standard 1…9
ber
A maximum of 100 substances can be defined in the instrument.

3.2 Hardware
In this dialog window you can configure all the hardware components connected to the titrator, such as:
● Sensors
● Pump
● Peripherals (instruments such as printers or balances)
● Titration stands
● Auxiliary instruments (such as valves or fill level sensors)

3.2.1 Sensors
Navigation: Setup > Hardware > Sensors
You can configure and manage sensors to be used with the titrator.
You can view and print the list of all sensors defined in the titrator, add and delete sensors, and change
settings already stored in the titrator.
The settings for an individual sensor can also be output to a printer. In addition, the corresponding
method for sensor calibration or a sensor test can be accessed from here.
A maximum of 50 sensors can be defined in the device.

Each sensor is associated with a specific type. Each sensor type can deliver measured values in one or
more units of measure. The following table provides information regarding which units of measure can be
selected for a corresponding sensor type:
Sensor type Default unit of measure Eligible units of measure
mV sensor mV mV
pH sensor pH pH | mV
ISE sensor pM pM / pX | ppm | mV
Phototrode %T %T | A | mV
Polarized sensor mV mV | µA
Temperature sensor oC oC | K | oF

1)Plug and Play sensors (PnP) are available for pH or mV measurements.

Changing the unit of measurement for a sensor may render the calibration parameters and expiration
date parameters meaningless and result in their subsequent omission. This may also mean that the cali­
bration parameters are recalculated by the titrator (for temperature sensors), or that another set of calibra­
tion parameters is displayed (for ISE sensors).
To create a new sensor in the titrator, you open the Sensor parameters dialog using the New button
in the Sensors dialog.
In this dialog, first choose the corresponding sensor via the Type parameter.

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 Setup

Plug and Play sensors (PnP)

● If a PnP sensor is connected to the sensor input, this automatically generates an entry in the setup.
All information (sensor name, type or inputs) is updated by the titrator (if a PnP sensor is not con­
nected, the entry "PnP" appears for the sensor input ).
● The setup may contain several PnP sensors with identical sensor IDs but with different sensor input
information. When the analysis starts, a validation is carried out during which the user is prompted
to remove a sensor. For several PnP sensors with the same ID, all entries apart from one are deleted
when the sensors are removed.
The following settings are available for configuring a sensor depending on the sensor type selected:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type The type of sensor to be used to perform the measurement. mV | pH | ISE | Pho­
totrode
Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Serial number The serial number of the relevant device type. Arbitrary
Depending on the sensor, there are the following additional parameters for the sensor configuration (for
mV-sensors and polarized sensors there are no other parameters):
pH sensors

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Calibration Determines the calibration type. (Does not appear for "unit" = Linear | Segmented
"pH".)
Zero point The zero point of the pH sensor in the relevant unit. -100 … 100
-20 … 200 [°C]
-4.0 … 392 [°F]
253.2 … 473.2 [K]
Slope (TCalib) The slope of the sensor at the calibration temperature in -100…100
[mV/pH].
Internal temper­ If the sensor has an internal temperature sensor, you can Yes | No
ature sensor select "yes" here. In this case the system will automatically
make an entry in the sensor setup for the internal temperature
sensor.
Calib. tempera­ Here you can enter the calibration temperature during the cal­ -20…200
ture ibration.
The parameters zero point, slope and the corresponding calibration temperature are required to convert
the mV signal of the sensor to the selected unit. These appear only for the unit [pH].
For the Phototrode, the following additional parameters exists:
Phototrode

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Wavelength The Phototrode DP5 features a selection of 5 fixed wave­ 520 | 555 | 590 |
lengths in [nm]. 620 | 660
Zero point The zero point of the pH sensor in the relevant unit. -100 … 100
-20 … 200 [°C]
-4.0 … 392 [°F]
253.2 … 473.2 [K]
Slope The slope of the phototrode in [mV/%T]. -100…100
Calib. tempera­ Here you can enter the calibration temperature during the cal­ -20…200
ture ibration.

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Setup

The parameter "Calibration Temperature" cannot be edited for segmented calibration; in this case, the
system displays an information field.
Ion-selective sensors (ISE sensors)
You can define the following additional parameters for the ISE-Sensors:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Calibration Determines the calibration type. (Does not appear for "unit" = Linear | Segmented
"pH".)
Zero point The zero point of the pH sensor in the relevant unit. -100 … 100
-20 … 200 [°C]
-4.0 … 392 [°F]
253.2 … 473.2 [K]
Slope (TCalib) The slope of the sensor at the calibration temperature in -100…100
[mV/pH].
● For ISE sensors there are two independent calibration sets, one for the units "pM" or "pX" and one for
the unit "ppm".
● When calibrating an ISE sensor in ppm units, the sensor's slope and zero point are specified in pX or
pM units.

3.2.1.1 Value ranges from sensor measuring units and control band

Sensor type Measur­ Value range Value range EP relative Value range Control
ing unit band
mV sensor mV -2*103…2*103 -4*103…4*103 0.1…4*103
pH pH -100…100 -100.00…100.00 0.01…100
mV -2*103…2*103 -4*103…4*103 0.1…4*103
ISE pM | pX -100…100 -100.00…100.00 0.01…100
ppm 0…106 -107…107 0.001…107
mV -2*103…2*103 -4*103…4*103 0.1…4*103
Phototrode %T 0.001…100 -1*103…1*103 0.1…1*103
A 0…5 -106…106 0.01…106
mV -2*103…2*103 -4*103…4*103 0.1…4*103
Polarized mV 0…2*103 -2*103…2*103 0.1…2*103
sensor µA 0…220 -220.0…220.0 0.1…220
Temperature °C -20…200 -220.0…220.0 0.1…220.0
K 253.2…473.2 -220.0…220.0 0.1…220.0
°F -4…392 -396.0…396.0 0.1…396.0

3.2.1.2 Sensor calibration / pH Sensor test

Navigation: Setup > Hardware > Sensors > Sensor parameters
You can calibrate pH, ISE and temperature sensors or you can test your pH sensors.
Sensor calibration
pH, ISE, temperature and conductivity sensors can all be calibrated with the titrator. The phototrod can
only be manually calibrated. To do this the relationship between sensor signal and transmission capacity
must be determined and the calibration parameter to be determined (normally only the gradient from a
single point calibration) must be entered "manually" in the selected phototrod.
If you wish to calibrate a sensor with the titrator, you can either directly start an appropriate calibration
method or use the "Calibrate" option in the sensor setup.
When you select this option, a suitable calibration method is automatically selected and started for the
respective sensor.

18 G20
 Setup

Temperature sensors are calibrated with the temperature standard "freezing water" (0°C). For conductivi­
ty sensors, you can choose the desired standard for the calibration from a standards list. Here a single
point calibration is performed to determine the cell constant.
Two calibration modes are available for the calibrating pH and ISE sensors that can be selected under
the "Probe (calibrate)" method function:
● linear calibration and segmented calibration.
Both modes are briefly explained below.
Linear calibration
Linear calibration is explained below taking the example of pH sensor.

In linear calibration the 1st step is the capture of measurement data and the interpolation of the pH val­
ues with the buffer table to the effective values (the values used are only provided as an example):
Selected buffer During the cali­ mV values mea­ pH (effective) by
solutions bration of the sured during cali­ interpolation
recorded tempera­ bration according to the
ture pH buffer table
1st Buffer 4.01 (at 25°C) 17 °C 172 mV 4.00
2nd Buffer 7.00 (at 25°C) 22 °C 0 mV 7.012
3rd Buffer 9.21 (at 25°C) 27 °C -129 mV 9.19
In a second step, the mV measured values are converted to the averaged temperature "TAverage"
(17°C+22°C+27°C) / 3 = 22°C):
Selected buffer solu­ mV values measured Temperature-corrected
tions during calibration measured values for
TMean = 22°C
1st Buffer 4.01 (at 25°C) 172 mV 174.96 mV
2nd Buffer 7.00 (at 25°C) 0 mV 0 mV
3rd Buffer 9.21 (at 25°C) -129 mV -126.85 mV
In the third stage, the gradient (TMean) and the mV value at pH 0 are determined by linear regression with
the value pairs from mV (TMean) and pH (effective). The zero value is found from the mV value at pH 0,
divided by the gradient (TMean):
● Slope (TMean) = -58.15
● mV value at pH 0 = 407.61 mV
● Zero point [pH]= mV value at 0 pH/Slope (TMean) = 7.010 [pH]
Lastly, the slope at (TMean) is back-calculated to the slope at (25°C).

G20 19
Setup

● Slope (25°C) = -58.74 (=99.3% of the theoretical value)

Segmented calibration
With segmented calibration, no linear regression is performed across all measured points; instead, line
segments that connect the individual calibration points are used. In this way allowance can be made for
a non-linear performance of the sensor over a larger measurement range. For n standard solutions, (n-1)
segments are evaluated.
The segmented calibration is explained below taking the example of an ISE sensor (F- ).

Just as in the case of linear segmentation initially the readings are recorded:
During the calibration Standard value (pX) at mV values measured
of the recorded temper­ measuring temperature during calibration
ature
Standard 1 25 °C 4.00 (at 25°C) 162.0 mV
Standard 2 25 °C 2.00 (at 25°C) 42.0 mV
Standard 3 25 °C 9.21 (at 25°C) -15.0 mV
The mV measured values are then converted to the averaged temperature (not necessary in the example
because the temperature is constantly 25°C) and a linear regression is conducted for each segment.
Thus for each segment a gradient and the mV value at pH 0 are determined (both related to the mean
temperature) and from both values the zero point is respectively calculated:
During the calibra­ mV value at 0 pH Slope (TMean) Zero point [pX]
tion of the record­ (based on TMean)
ed temperature
Segment 1 25 °C -78.00 mV 60.00 1.30
Segment 2 25 °C -72.00 mV 57.00 1.26
Afterward, the slope is converted to the reference temperature of 25°C (not necessary in this example,
because (TMean) is already 25°C.
pH Sensor test
Navigation: Hardware > Sensoren
The pH sensor is used to test the slope, zero point and drift of pH sensors.
For the test, two buffers and the drift of the pH sensor are measured. The measured values are transferred
into the Setup.
a) To perform a pH sensor test, select the relevant pH sensor in the Sensors dialog.
The Sensor parameters Dialog is opened. The button Calibration / Sensor test is available.

20 G20
 Setup

b) Tip the Calibration / Sensor test button.

The Start Analysis dialog opens.
c) Select "Action" = "Sensor test".
d) Select the relevant method via the parameter "Method ID" (to setup methods, refer to "Methods").
e) Tip Start to perform the test.

3.2.2 Pump
Navigation: Setup > Hardware > Pumps
In this dialog, you can configure a maximum of 20 pumps for use with the titrator.
Starting from the pump list, you can add new pumps or select existing ones and change their settings.
The list can also be printed and pumps can be deleted.
You can set up different pumps. For each pump, you need to specify an explicit, user-defined name, the
pumping rate and the connection from which the pump should operate.
To specify a peristaltic (e.g. SP250), membrane pump or air pump (Solvent Manager) proceed as fol­
lows:
Select the New button in the Pumps dialog window to open the Pump Parameters dialog.
In this dialog, you can define the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type The type of pump . Memprane | Peri­
staltic | Air pump
Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Rate Defines the pumping rate in [mL/Min] for the pump. 0.1…1000
Pump output The output where you want to operate the pump. MB/PUMP1 |
MB/PUMP2 |
AB1/PUMP (other
options will depend
on setup)

3.2.3 Peripherals
Navigation: Setup > Hardware > Peripherals
"Peripherals" encompasses all input and output devices that belong to the titrator environment but that
are not essential instruments for processing an analysis (peripherals cannot be accessed in methods).
The computer also counts as a peripheral device.
The list of all peripheral instruments defined in the titrator, together with the parameters of each individual
instrument can be printed out by a printer.
In the "Peripherals" dialog, the following peripheral devices can be configured for connection to the titra­
tor:
● Balance
● USB stick
● Printer
● Personal computer (PC)

G20 21
Setup

Balance
Before you can set up a balance, you need to select the balance type. The titrator supports the following
types of balance:

Balance type Supported balances

Mettler AB | PB | PB-S | AB-S | PB-E | AB-E | College-S |
SB | CB | GB | College-B | HB AG | PG | PG-S | SG |
HG XP | XS AX | MX | UMX PR | SR | AR AT | MT |
UMT | PM | AM | SM | CM
Sartorius Sartorius
Precisa Precisa
Others --
METTLER TOLEDO Balances
These balances support Plug'n'Play and are automatically detected and configured by the titrator.
For automatic balance recognition, you need to ensure that
1. the balance has been started up and is connected to the titrator by a suitable cable,
2. the balance has been set to "Bidirectional" (if necessary, set the "Host" parameter accordingly),
3. the parameters for the RS-232 interface on the balance correspond with those on the titrator.
As long as the balance is not connected to the titrator, the settings "Baud Rate", "Data Bit", "Stop Bit",
"Parity" and "Handshake" can be entered manually. These are however automatically overwritten with the
values identified by the PnP as soon as the user sets the same transmission parameters at the balance
and the titrator.
Sartorius | Others
After selecting a balance of the type Sartorius or Other using the Balance type parameter, and once the
system has detected the balance, you can define the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Serial number The serial number of the relevant device type. Arbitrary
Connection The serial port to which the device is connected. COM
Baud rate The baud rate for data transmission via the RS-232 interface. 1200 | 2400 | 4800 |
9600 | 19200
Data bit Defines the number of data bits. 7 | 8
Stop bit Defines the number of stop bits. (2 stop bits can only be 1 | 2
selected if 7 data bits are also selected at the same time.)
Parity Defines the parity protocol. Even | Odd | None
Handshake Data transfer via the RS-232 interface. None | Xon-Xoff
● The settings for the baud rate, data bit, stop bit, parity, and handshake must agree for the balance
and titrator!
● If "none" is selected as balance type that means that no balance is to be connected to the titrator.

USB Stick
The titrator supports commercially available USB sticks from USB Version 1.1.
You can assign a relevant name to the USB stick.
Printer
The titrator supports the following printers:
● USB printer with PCL protocol Version 4 and higher.
● USB compact printer
The USB compact printer can be used to print out the following:

22 G20
 Setup

Results All except for curves and tables of measured val­

ues
Method function "Record" Overview
Results
Raw results
Resource data
Sample data
Setup List printouts
Parameter printouts
Total printouts
Methods List printout
Parameter printout
Series List printout
Parameter printout
The compact printer does not permit prints of manual operations or automatically generated printouts
(calculations, instructions, referenced resources, or changes to an analysis when in progress). It also
does not support all languages.
You can define the following parameters for the corresponding printer types:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Printer type Here you select a printer. USB | USB compact
printer
Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Serial number The serial number of the relevant device type. Arbitrary
Connection The serial port to which the device is connected. COM
PC Settings
You can only operate your titrator via the terminal (stand-alone operating mode). It is however also pos­
sible to connect both a PC and the terminal to the titrator ("operation mode" = "dual").
In this PC settings dialog window, you can specify the operation mode for your titrator and, if a PC is to
be connected to the titrator, define the communication settings for the PC.
● The PC with LabX installed must always be connected to "PC".
● After the PC settings have been modified, it may be necessary to reboot the titrator.
You can define the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Operating Mode Specifies whether the titrator is only connected to the terminal Stand alone | Dual 
(stand alone), or to a terminal and a PC (dual).
Connection type Defines how the PC is connected to the titrator – either via the Network | USB
network connection or via the USB connection. (Only appears
for "operation mode" = "dual".)
Port number Defines the port for a network connection of the titrator to a 1024 … 65535
PC. (Only appears for "operation mode" = "dual" and "con­
nection type" = "network".)
Obtain IP Indicates whether the IP address should be automatically Yes | No
address auto­ obtained over the network. (Only appears for "operation
matically mode" = "dual" and "connection type" = "network".)
IP Address If the IP is not to be automatically referenced, you can enter it 000.000.000.000 …
here. (Only appears for "operation mode" = "dual", "connec­ 255.255.255.255
tion type" = "network" and "obtain IP address automatically"
= "no".)

G20 23
Setup

Subnet mask If you want to run the titrator on a local subnetwork, you can 000.000.000.000 …
define the subnet mask here that you want to use to link the 255.255.255.255
subnet's IP address. (Only appears for "operation mode" =
"dual", "connection type" = "network" and "obtain IP address
automatically" = "no".)
Standard gate­ This is where you can enter the address of the standard gate­ 000.000.000.000 …
way way for communication between the various networks. (Only 255.255.255.255
appears for "operation mode" = "dual", "connection type" =
"network" and "obtain IP address automatically" = "no".)

3.2.4 Titration stands

Navigation: Setup > Hardware > Titration Stands
In this dialog you can configure the titration stands connected to the titrator.
The following types of titration stand can be connected:
● Manual Stand
● Auto Stand
● Rondolino
Starting from the titration stand list, you can add new titration stands or select existing ones or modify
their parameters. Furthermore the list can be printed out at a printer or individual titration stands can be
deleted.
Choose the New button in the Titration Stands dialog window to open the Titration Stand Parameters
dialog.
You can enter name of your choice for the titration stand.
● The Rondolino is connected to the TTL port.
● If you use an auto stand, the popup window that reminds the user to add the respective sample does
not appear. Thus an interruption-free analysis sequence can be guaranteed for multiple determina­
tions with a sample changer.

3.2.5 Auxiliary instruments

Navigation: Setup > Hardware > Auxiliary Instruments
Auxiliary instruments can be any instruments that access a titrator's TTL or 24 V output, stirrer or RS-232
connection and that are to be used in a method (e.g. valves, dispensers).
An auxiliary instrument is switched on for a predefined period or switched on and then switched off again
via the corresponding command. The instruments are controlled via the "Auxiliary instrument" method
function.
Auxiliary instruments form part of a method, while peripheral devices are classified as input/output
devices (printers, balances, etc.), which do not have direct access to methods.
Starting from the auxiliary instrument list, you can add new auxiliary instruments or select existing ones
or modify their parameters. Furthermore the list can be printed out at a printer or selected auxiliary instru­
ments can be deleted.
A maximum of 50 auxiliary instruments can be saved in the titrator.

Select the New button in the Auxiliary Instruments dialog window to open the Auxiliary Instrument
Parameters dialog.
a) Before a new auxiliary instrument can be added, you must first use the "Control type" parameter to
select the manner in which the auxiliary instrument is to be controlled: The following values are
available for "Control type":
24V output

24 G20
 Setup

Out TTL (single pin)

Input TTL (single pin)
Stirrer (0-18V output)
RS-232
b) After you have selected the relevant control type, you can enter a name for the auxiliary instrument.
Below the parameter are listed which you can specify for the different control types:
1st For "24V output" and "Stirrer (0-18V output)" and Out-TTL (Single pin):

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Output Indicates which port on the titrator you want to use for the MB/PUMP1 |
auxiliary instrument. MB/PUMP2 |
AB1/PUMP (other
options will depend
on setup)
2nd For Input TTL:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Input The input where the auxiliary instrument should be queried. MB/TTL-In1 | MB/TTL-
(Only appears for "Mode" = "Input controlled".) In2
3rd For the RS-232 interface:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Connection The serial port to which the device is connected. COM
Baud rate The baud rate for data transmission via the RS-232 interface. 1200 | 2400 | 4800 |
9600 | 19200
Data bit Defines the number of data bits. 7 | 8
Stop bit Defines the number of stop bits. (2 stop bits can only be 1 | 2
selected if 7 data bits are also selected at the same time.)
Parity Defines the parity protocol. Even | Odd | None
Handshake Data transfer via the RS-232 interface. None | Xon-Xoff

3.3 User settings

Navigation: Setup > User settings
The "User settings" dialog contains the titrator setting options that can be made specifically for each
user.
You can configure the language (for the terminal and for the records), the screen settings (for the touch­
screen), the layout of the alphanumeric and numeric keyboard, the use of beeps, and shortcuts for each
user.

3.3.1 Language
Use the Language button in the User settings dialog to open the Language settings dialog window.
The following languages are available:
- German
- English
- French
- Italian
- Spanish
- Chinese*
- Russian

G20 25
Setup

- Polish**
- Korean*
You can define the language both for operating the terminal and for the printed records.
*For the Chinese and Korean language settings, it is not possible to print using the USB-P25 tape printer.
**For Polish, records can be printed on the USB-P25 tape printer without special characters.
You can define the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Touchscreen Defines the language for operation of the terminal. German | English |
French | Italian | Span­
ish | Chinese |
Russian | Polish |
Korean
Report Defines the language in which the protocols are to be printed German | English |
out. French | Italian | Span­
ish | Chinese |
Russian | Polish |
Korean

3.3.2 Screen
Use the Screen button in the User settings dialog to open the Screen settings dialog window.
In this dialog, you can define the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Primary color Here various color schemes for the user interface can be Gray | Blue | Green |
selected. Red
Brightness Specifies the display brightness in [%]. 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 |
90 | 100 [%]
Button shape Defines whether to display the buttons in the menus with Rounded | Square
square or rounded corners.
Screen saver Here you can define whether the screen saver should be Yes | No
used.
Wait time Defines how long in [min] the system should wait after the 1 ... 1000
user's last action on the terminal before activating the screen
saver.

3.3.3 Beep
Use the Beep button in the User settings dialog to open the Audio-signal settings dialog window.
In this dialog, you can switch on and off the beep using the parameter At push of a button.

3.3.4 Shortcuts
Use the Shortcuts button in the User settings dialog to open the Shortcuts dialog.
a) In this dialog, each user can manage the shortcuts that they have created.
The list of all shortcuts created by the user currently logged in can be viewed and printed out.

b) Individual shortcuts can be selected and deleted and the following parameters of a shortcut can be
changed:

26 G20
 Setup

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Description Any name for the shortcut. Arbitrary
Immediate start The method, series, or manual operation can be started Yes | No
immediately. This enables you to start the analysis without
using the Start analysis dialog.
Homescreen You can select the free position for the shortcut on the Home­ 4
position screen.

3.3.5 Keyboards
Use the Keyboards button in the User settings dialog to open the Keyboard settings dialog.
In this dialog, you can define the layout for the alphanumeric and the numeric input fields. The following
settings are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

ABC keyboard Determines the layout of the alphanumeric input field. English | French | Ger­
man
123 keyboard Defines the organization of the keys for the numeric input Calculator | Telephone
field.

3.4 Global settings

Navigation: Setup > Global
In the Global Settings dialog, you can make general settings on the titrator that apply for all users. The
settings in this dialog can only be changed by users with the appropriate authorizations. In the following
you can determine the Global settings for your system.

3.4.1 System
Use the System button in the Global Settings dialog to open the System settings dialog window.
This dialog window contains the following buttons:
● Titrator identification: You can enter and assign any ID consisting of at least four characters to the
titrator.

● Date / time: You can define the format used to display the date and time and set the titrator date and
time.
● Header and footer:
In this dialog you can define whether all printouts generated by the titrator should have a header or
footer. The content of these headers and footers can be entered directly into the respective "text" set­
ting.
It can also be defined whether an end of record text is added to printouts of results, methods and
series templates and the size of this end of record.
As part of the end of record, signature fields are appended to the respective printout consisting of a
declaration (e.g. "approved by") followed by an empty line. A personal signature can be then be
entered on this line.
● Data storage: In this dialog, you can define whether or not all analysis data is to be deleted from the
titrator memory when the titrator is shut down.

3.4.2 User Management

Navigation: Setup > Global settings > User management

G20 27
Setup

For G20 there is no user management. You can only enter new user, which are available in an user list
(experts). A default user with administrator rights is already configured in the instrument.
Use the User button to enter new users. You can specify the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

User name The user's login ID. Arbitrary
Full name The user's full name. Arbitrary
User group The user group to which the user is assigned. Experts
Description Any description for the user account or for the user. Arbitrary
You can enter a maximum of 30 users.

3.4.3 Performance of analyses and resources

The Analysis and resources behavior button in the Global settings dialog opens the Analysis and
resources behavior dialog.
The settings that you make here relate to the sequence of the analysis of samples or series with the
aid of methods.
a) You can define the actions of the titrator when started, during an analysis and afterward.
b) You can also program the response of the titrator to the deletion of resources or when it identifies
PnP resources.
In this dialog, the following buttons are available:

Analysis Sequence Settings

The analysis sequence settings can only be modified if no tasks are currently being performed by the
titrator.
Use the Analysis sequence settings button in the Analysis and resources behavior dialog to open the
Analysis sequence settings dialog.
You can make the following settings that influence the sequence of an analysis:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Display required If this parameter is set to "yes" then when an analysis is start­ Yes | No
resources at ed a screen appears displaying all resources required for the
start analysis and their status (available, not-available, locked or
in use). If an individual entry is selected from this screen then
the user receives additional information about the respective
resource. However, if "no" is selected, then the required
resources are still checked when the analysis is started and if
necessary, an appropriate error message is issued.
Show SOP If an SOP (standard operating procedure) has been defined in Yes | No
the "Title" method function then this will be displayed before
the method is started provided that "yes" has been selected.
LabX: Warning If "yes" is selected then a warning is issued when the analy­ Yes | No
if not connected sis is started if there is no connection to LabX.

28 G20
 Setup

Display resultsIf "yes" is selected for this parameter and a manual or exter­ Yes | No
after analysis nal titration stand is being used, then the results for a sample
are automatically displayed after they have been analyzed
and must be acknowledged by the user before the analysis
can be continued. This setting is ignored with automatic titra­
tion stands and the results are displayed for a certain period.
The activated parameter is valid for:
- Analysis: the results for a sample are shown
- Calibration loop: The results of the calibration are shown
(slope, zero point)
- Sensor test: The results of the test are shown (slope, zero
point, drift and sensor test OK / not OK)
Check printer When this parameter is selected a message appears when Yes | No
connection and the connection to the printer is lost.
wait
Check USB - If this parameter is activated, the presence of a USB - Stick is Yes | No
Stick connection validated at the start of the analysis (only availabe if "Save
and wait results to USB - Stick" is activated).
Save results to If this parameter is activated, then date, time, user, Methods Yes | No
USB-Stick ID, sample ID, results, result unit per sample is saved in a
file.
This action is only performed if the parameter "Check USB-
Stick connection and wait" is activated and the stick is con­
nected. If this parameter is activated and the stick is not
detected during the data writing process, you can stop the
process or you can plug in another USB-stick for the data
writing and to continue the method run.
Resource Behavior
The Resources behavior button in the Analysis and resources behavior dialog opens the Resources
behavior dialog.
In this dialog you can use the following parameters to configure how the titrator responds to the deletion
of resources and its response to the automatic identification of PnP resources.
● Information when deleting resources If you select "yes" for this parameter then confirmation will be
requested before a resource is deleted.
● Information when recognizing PnP resources If you select "yes" for this parameter then confirma­
tion will be requested every time a PnP resource is identified.

Pump and Stirrer Detection

In the Analysis and resources behavior dialog, you can open the Pump and stirrer detection window.
In this window, you can turn automatic pump and stirrer detection on and off.
This may be necessary, for example, if you connect additional devices via the pump and stirrer outputs
that are not automatically identified by the titrator.

3.5 Values
Navigation: Setup > Values
In the "Values" dialog there is only one blank and one auxiliary value. These values cannot be deleted
and no additional values can be created.
You can select one of these predefined blank or auxiliary values.
The name of these values is fixed. You can only assign a value and a comment to the values. The val­
ues can be printed.

G20 29
Setup

Blank
A blank, which is assigned to a solvent, can be transferred to methods by using the method function
"Blank"
In the Values dialog, select Blank. Select a value to open the Blank parameters dialog.
You can specify the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Unit The units in which the blank is specified. Arbitrary
Value Here you can enter a numerical value. -108…108
When a blank is assigned with the "Blank" method function, this is updated in the setup immediately
after completion of the method function.
Auxiliary values
The auxiliary value can be assigned to a result via the formula in the "Calculation" method function
In the Values dialog, select Auxiliary values. Select the value to open the Auxiliary values parameters
dialog.
You can specify the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Comment A brief comment (e.g. unit) to the auxiliary value can be Arbitrary
entered .
Value Here you can enter a numerical value. -108…108

3.6 Service & Maintenance

Navigation: Setup > Mainten. & Service

3.6.1 MT service
Select the MT service button to open the Last MT services dialog box.
In this dialog, you can view and print out a list of the most recent (max. 10) METTLER TOLEDO services.
Under each date, the user name of the METTLER TOLEDO service technicians and the date and time of the
service appointment are displayed. The most recently performed service always appears at the top of the
list.
The Settings button in the Last MT services dialog window opens the Service data dialog, in which you
can change the service life (in days) of the last service date and configure the titrator to issue a warning
at a defined time before the service life elapses (requires administrator rights). You can define the follow­
ing parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Service life Defines the service life (in days) of the most recently per­ 0…104
formed service.
Reminder Determines whether the titrator should issue a warning before Yes | No
the service life or usable life of a resource elapses.
Days before Determines the number of days before expiry of the service 0...1000
expiration life that the titrator should issue a warning.
The value entered here must be smaller than the service life.
(Appears only if "Reminder" is activated.)

3.6.2 Import/Export
You can use this function to save titrator data on a USB stick (export) and reload the data back to a titra­
tor later on (import).

30 G20
 Setup

Thus is it possible to create a backup of most data that has been changed from the titrator's default set­
tings.
Uploading data from a backup copy results in the existing data in the titrator being overwritten. In this
way you can immediately duplicate the status of one titrator in another one or restore titrator settings after
repair.
The following two rules should be observed:
● Memory copies can only be imported from the same type.
● Memory copies can only be imported from the same or from a lower software version.
You can select whether you want to export or import a backup copy, an individual method or the user
management.
A backup copy includes, for example:
● All parameters of methods, series and firmware updates
● Setup inclusive of all resources
● All shortcuts
The backup copy does not contain all saved results, data saved on a PnP component and the default
parameters for manual operations.
When you import/export an individual method you can select which method is to be exported or import­
ed. You require the right to edit methods.
When you import/export user management settings the entire user management settings with all users
and their properties are exported or imported.
In the Maintenance & Service dialog, open the Import / Export dialog window.
In this dialog, you can define the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Action Here you can select whether you wish to export the titrator Export | Import
data to a memory stick or to import it from a memory stick to
a titrator.
Data In this box you can select the data that you wish to export or Export | Import
import. You can select whether you want to export or import
a backup copy, an individual method or the user manage­
ment.
Method ID Here you can select the Method ID for the relevant method. Method list

3.6.3 Reset to factory settings

Select the Reset to factory settings button to reset the titrator.
In the process all data and changes to settings made by users of the titrator are lost.

3.6.4 Titrator firmware history

The Titrator firmware history button displays a list of the firmware updates or model upgrades. The first
entry in the list represents the initial operation of the titrator.
All list entries are stored with date, type, FW version and the user name of the user who performed the
action.

3.6.5 Board firmware

You use the Board firmware button to display a list of all boards and burette drives available on the
titrator along with the relevant firmware version. You can carry out an update.

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Setup

3.6.6 Terminal
You use the Terminal button to display the chip in the terminal.

3.6.7 Board data

You use the Boards button to display and print out a list of all the boards fitted in the titrator. Each board
is listed by name and module location.
If a board is selected from the list, then its chip ID and all data on available inputs and outputs including
the adjustment data will be displayed.

3.6.8 Drives
You use the Drives button to display and print a list of all connected drives. The list contains the position,
serial number, chip-ID and status of each drive.

3.6.9 Burettes
You use the Burettes button to display and print out a list of connected PnP burettes. Each PnP burette is
listed with its chip ID, serial number, volume and position of the attached drive.

3.6.10 Update
You use the Update button to update the titrator firmware using a USB stick.

32 G20
 Manual Operations

4 Manual Operations
You can use manual operations to access various titrator functions that are not directly connected to the
execution of an analysis, but that might be useful during the sample preparation, for example.
You can call up the following manual operations from here with the relevant titrator components:
Hardware com­ Possible manual operations Possible usages
ponents
Stirrer Stir Dissolve a solid sample
Sensor Measure Determine the pH or temperature of a solution
Burette Rinse burette Rinse burette before changing a titrant
Rinsing several burettes Rinsing several burettes simultaneously
Dispense Dispense during sample preparation
Manual titration Manual titration using a color indicator
Pump Pump Pump auxiliary reagents in and out, fill and empty
sample vessels, replace the solvent (for Karl Fischer
water determination)
Auxiliary instru­ Control auxiliary instrument Check an external pump
ment
● It is not allowed to perform parallel execution of multiple manual operations.
● The resource parameters in all editable fields can be changed temporarily (only for the execution of
the manual operation in question) and can vary from the setup settings. The changes made will not
be copied over to the setup, however.

4.1 Stirrer
Navigation: Home > Manual > Stirrer
To switch a connected stirrer on or off for a definable time interval and at a definable stirring speed,
select the following:
a) Select a titration stand.
b) Enter the speed in [%].
c) Enter the stir time in [sec] or select for an unlimited stirring period.
d) Press "Start".
e) You can press "Stop" to stop the stirrer at any time (terminating the manual operation).
You can determine the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titration stand The name of the titration stand. Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Stir time The stirring time, in [sec], during which the stirrer should be 0…104 | ∞
in operation. Select "∞" for unlimited stirring time.
Changes made in this dialog will only be applied to the manual operation "Stirrer" and will have no effect
on the settings made in the setup.

4.2 Pump
Navigation: Home > Manual > Pump

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Manual Operations

You can use the "Pump" operation to use a connected pump to pump in any volume of auxiliary reagent
or - depending on the connection of the hoses - to drain it from the titration vessel.
Proceed as follows to start a pump process:
a) Select the pump you would like to use and adjust the pumping rate.
b) Enter the volume in [mL] that you would like to add.
c) Press "Start" to start the pumping procedure.
d) You can select "Stop" to terminate the procedure at any time.
You can determine the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Action Determines the actions for the pump process. Fill | Pump | Drain
Auxiliary The auxiliary reagent to be added. Select from the auxil­
reagent iary reagents defined
in Setup.
Pump You can use this setting to select a pump from the pump list Pump list
in the setup.
Pump rate Defines the pump rate, in [mL/min]. 0.1…1000
Volume The volume to be dispensed, in [mL]. Select "∞" for unlimited 0…1000 |
pumping.
Drain time Defines the pumping time for draining a fluid (for 0...1000 | ∞
"Action"="Drain").
The duration of the hose drain operation should be as long as possible to ensure that the hoses are com­
pletely free of fluid following draining.
Fill time Defines the pumping time for filling a fluid (for the "Fill" 0...1000 | ∞
action).
Stirrer A stirrer can be switched on (only for "Action" = "Fill" or Yes | No
"Drain".
Titration stand The name of the titration stand (only if stirrer is activated). Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.
Speed Speed in [%]. (Only if stirrer is activated) 0…100
Filling and draining is performed by using the Solvent Manager.

4.3 Sensor
To take a measurement using any connected sensor, select the following:
Navigation: Home > Manual > Sensor
a) Select the sensor you want to use from the list of sensors defined in the setup.
b) Select the stirrer output for the stirrer and enter a speed.
c) For polarized and potentiometric sensors, specify whether the temperature should be entered manu­
ally or automatically (with the aid of a temperature sensor).
d) For manual temperature acquisition, enter the temperature.
e) For automatic temperature acquisition, select a connected temperature sensor and the temperature
unit you want to use.
f) Enter the duration of the measurement in [sec].
g) Select whether to output a record on the printer.
h) If you want to output a record on the printer, use dt [sec] to define the time interval between mea­
surements.

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 Manual Operations

i) Select "Start" to start the measurement.

j) You can select "Stop" to terminate the procedure at any time.
During the measurement, the system will display the online curve (measured values in the selected unit
versus time). You can also use the "Measured values" key to display a table of measured values
instead of the curve.
You can define the following parameters, depending on the type of sensor selected:

4.3.1 Temperature sensor

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
* The input for the temperature sensor is "PT1000".

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Unit The temperature unit you want to use. °C | K | °F
Titration stand The name of the titration stand. Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.
Stirrer output Defines the stirrer output. STIRRER | Internal stir­
rer | More according to
design
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Duration The measurement and stirring time, in [sec]. Select "∞" for 0…104 | ∞
unlimited measurement time.
Report If you choose "Yes" for "Report", the measured values can be No | Yes
printed out.
dt Defines the time interval in [sec] for outputting measured val­ 1…6000
ues to the printer. (Only appears if "Record" = "Yes" was
selected.)
Changes made in this dialog will only be applied to the manual operation "Sensor" and have no effect
on the settings made in the setup.

4.3.2 Potentiometric Sensor

Potentiometric sensors are potentiometric indicator electrode, such as glass electrodes for pH measure­
ment, Redox electrode for measuring the redox potential or ion-selective electrodes (ISE) for determining
of ion content in the solution. Below, the editable parameters are listed for both potentiometric sensors
and photrodes used for turbidimetric and color induced titrations:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | pM | A | %T
will depend on the sensor type selected.
Titration stand The name of the titration stand. Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.
Duration The measurement and stirring time, in [sec]. Select "∞" for 0…104 | ∞
unlimited measurement time.

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Manual Operations

Temperature Defines whether to enter the temperature manually ("yes") or No | Yes
manual via a temperature sensor ("no").
Temperature If the temperature is entered manually, you can enter it here, -20…200
in [°C]. (Only appears if "Temperature manual" = "Yes" was
selected.)
Temperature Here you can select the required temperature sensor (only Sensor list
sensor appears if "Temperature manual" = "No" is selected).
Temperature The unit of measure for the temperature measurement (°C | °C | K | °F
unit K | °F). (Only appears if "Temperature manual" = "No" was
selected.)
Report If you choose "Yes" for "Report", the measured values can be No | Yes
printed out.
dt Defines the time interval in [sec] for outputting measured val­ 1…6000
ues to the printer. (Only appears if "Record" = "Yes" was
selected.)
● The parameters for temperature acquisition or entering the temperature, "Temperature manual", "Tem­
perature", "Temperature sensor", "Sensor input" and "Temperature unit" are omitted for mV sensors
and the phototrode.
● Changes made in this dialog will only be applied to the manual operation "Sensor" and have no
effect on the settings made in the setup.

4.3.3 Polarized sensor

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Indication Defines how to do the indication. Depending on the unit of Voltametric | Ampero­
measure: [mV] = voltametric, [µA] = amperometric. metric
Ipol Ipol is the polarization current, in [µA], for the voltametric 0.0…24.0
indication.
Upol Upol is the polarization voltage, in [mV], for an amperometric 0…2000.0
indication. (Only for polarized sensors with "indication" =
"amperometric".)
Titration stand The name of the titration stand. Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.
Stirrer output Defines the stirrer output. STIRRER | Internal stir­
rer | More according to
design
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Temperature Defines whether to enter the temperature manually ("yes") or No | Yes
manual via a temperature sensor ("no").
Temperature If the temperature is entered manually, you can enter it here, -20…200
in [°C]. (Only appears if "Temperature manual" = "Yes" was
selected.)
Temperature Here you can select the required temperature sensor (only Sensor list
sensor appears if "Temperature manual" = "No" is selected).
Temperature The unit of measure for the temperature measurement (°C | °C | K | °F
unit K | °F). (Only appears if "Temperature manual" = "No" was
selected.)
Duration The measurement and stirring time, in [sec]. Select "∞" for 0…104 | ∞
unlimited measurement time.

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 Manual Operations

Report If you choose "Yes" for "Report", the measured values can be No | Yes
printed out.
dt Defines the time interval in [sec] for outputting measured val­ 1…6000
ues to the printer. (Only appears if "Record" = "Yes" was
selected.)
Changes made in this dialog will only be applied to the manual operation "Sensor" and have no effect
on the settings made in the setup.

4.4 Auxiliary Instrument

Navigation: Home > Manual > Auxiliary instrument
This dialog allows you to selectively control the titrator's inputs and outputs. You can transmit outgoing
signals and query incoming signals. This lets you check whether the communication is functioning
between the titrator and a connected auxiliary instrument. In this way, manually triggered auxiliary
instrument functions can be used as support for a titration.
To activate an auxiliary instrument, proceed as follows:
a) Select the control type for the auxiliary instrument.
b) Select the name of the auxiliary instrument you would like to control.
c) Enter the specific communication parameters for the control type.
d) Press "Start" to start the control of the auxiliary instrument.
e) You can select "Stop" to terminate the procedure at any time.
The following parameters are available, depending on the type of auxiliary instrument control:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Control type The control type of the auxiliary instrument. Output 24 V | Stirrer |
Out TTL (Single pin) |
Input TTL (Single
pin) | RS-232
For "Control type" = "Output 24 V", the following parameters are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name The name of the auxiliary instrument to be controlled. Auxiliary instrument
list
Duration The time, in [sec], the auxiliary instrument should be switch­ 0…104 | ∞
ed on. Select "∞" for unlimited time.
An auxiliary instrument controlled by the control type "Output 24 V" can be switched on and off or oper­
ated for a defined period of time.
For "Control type" = "Out TTL (single pin)", the following parameters are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name The name of the auxiliary instrument to be controlled. Auxiliary instrument
list
Output Indicates which port and which pin on the titrator you want to TTL-Out 1 | TTL-
use for the auxiliary instrument. Out 2 | TTL-Out 3 |
TTL-Out 4

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Manual Operations

Mode Determines the number and type of TTL signal issued. Fixed time | Input con­
Fixed time: The control output is switched on for the defined trolled | Sequential
time period.
Input-controlled: A signal received at the control inlet controls
the control outlet. The Auxiliary Instrument function will be ter­
minated as soon as the signal changes at the control inlet or
after a defined maximum time has expired.
Sequential: The control output runs through a defined
sequence.
Duration The time, in [sec], the auxiliary instrument should be switch­ 0…104 | ∞
ed on. Select "∞" for unlimited time.
Input aux. instr. The name of the auxiliary instrument to serve as the signal Auxiliary instrument
input (control input). (Only appears for "Mode" = "Input con­ list
trolled".)
Input The input where the auxiliary instrument should be queried. TTL-In1 | TTL-In2
(Only appears for "Mode" = "Input controlled".)
Max. time The maximum waiting time for an input sequence in [sec]. 0 … 104 | ∞
After it expires, the method will be continued even if no input
sequence was detected.
Output signal Normal: The signal is transmitted without conversion. Auxiliary instrument
Inverted: The signal is transmitted in inverted form. list in the setup
Appears only for "mode" = "input-controlled".
Number of puls­ The number of impulses in the planned sequence. 0…104
es Appears only for "mode" = "sequential."
Pulse duration The duration of a pulse, in [sec]. (Only appears for "Mode" = 0…104
"Sequential".)
Interval Defines the time span, in [sec], between two impulse starts. 0 … 106 | 0 … 104
Appears only for "mode" = "sequential".
If "Mode" = "Input controlled" was selected, the system checks the incoming input signal until the maxi­
mum time expires or a signal is received.
For "Control type" = "Input TTL (single pin)," the following parameters are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name The name of the auxiliary instrument to be controlled. Auxiliary instrument
list
Input The input where the auxiliary instrument should be queried. TTL-In1 | TTL-In2
(Only appears for "Mode" = "Input controlled".)
Input signal Indicates whether an increasing or a decreasing input signal Rising | Falling
should be detected. For communication direction "input" only.
Max. wait time The maximum waiting time for a signal change. (Only 0…104 | ∞
appears for "Mode" = "Input controlled".)
You can use the control type "Input TTL (single pin)" to wait for a rising or falling input signal. The manu­
al operation will be ended as soon as an input signal is received or the maximum waiting time is
exceeded.
For "Control type" = "Stirrer", the following parameters are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name The name of the auxiliary instrument to be controlled. Auxiliary instrument
list
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Duration The time, in [sec], the auxiliary instrument should be switch­ 0…104 | ∞
ed on. Select "∞" for unlimited time.

38 G20
 Manual Operations

An auxiliary instrument controlled by the control type "Stirrer" can be switched on and off or operated for
a defined period of time.
For "Control type" = "RS-232", the following parameters are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name The name of the auxiliary instrument to be controlled. Auxiliary instrument
list
Connection The serial port to which the device is connected. COM
Output Defines the output sequence to be transmitted by the titrator. 0 ... 20
sequence
Wait for input Defines whether the system should wait for a input sequence Yes | No
sequence from the device.
Input sequence The input sequence from the external device. The sequence Arbitrary
can contain control characters in format \xxx where xxx is the
decimal number of the control character (only if "Wait for
input sequence" is activated).
Max. wait time The maximum waiting time for a signal change. (Only 0…104 | ∞
appears for "Mode" = "Input controlled".)
You can use the control type "RS-232" to transmit any signal and (if you so specify) to wait for a
response.

4.5 Burette
In the Burette dialog window you can carry out various manual operations with the available burettes.
To rinse an available burette or rinse several burettes at the same time, dispense a defined quantity of
titrant or run a manual titration with a selected burette, select:
Navigation: Home > Manual > Burette

4.5.1 Rinse burette

Navigation: Manual > Burette > Rinse
The "Rinse burette" operation lets you rinse a burette and its connecting tubes and fill it with fresh titrant,
for example if you want to remove air bubbles from the system.
a) Select
b) Select the titrant you want to rinse with.
c) Select the drive on which the titrant is installed. (For PnP burettes, the system automatically selects
the appropriate drive.)
d) Enter the number of cycles you want to run.
e) Enter the discharge volume in [%] to define the percentage of the burette's total volume that you
want to discharge during each rinse passage.
f) Enter the filling rate in [%] to define the speed at which you want to refill the burette. (100% is the
maximum rate.)
g) Press "Start" to start the rinse procedure.
h) You can select "Stop" to terminate the procedure at any time.
● Make sure there is always an adequately sized container under the dispensing tube for rinse proce­
dures.
● For reagents with a higher viscosity or volatile reagents, we recommend reducing the filling rate to
prevent air from being drawn in and the titrant from outgassing.
You can determine the following parameters:

G20 39
Manual Operations

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Drive Defines the drive on which you will use the burette containing 1|2
the titrant.
Cycles Defines the number of rinse cycles to be executed. 1…100
Discharge vol­ The volume of titrant, in [mL], to be discharged during the 10…100
ume rinsing process.
Fill rate The filling rate of the burette in percent. 100% stands for 30…100
maximum filling rate.

4.5.2 Rinsing several burettes at the same time

Navigation: Home > Manual > Burette > Rinse multiple burettes
Two burettes can be rinsed at the same time using the "Rinse multiple burettes" operation.
a) Select the corresponding drives to rinse the burettes with titrant.
b) Enter the number of cycles during which rinsing is to take place.
c) Press "Start" to start the rinse procedure.
d) You can select "Stop" to terminate the procedure at any time.
You can determine the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Drive <number> Drives on which the burettes with titrant are installed. No | Yes
Cycles Defines the number of rinse cycles to be executed. 1…100
● The drives can only be seen if they are connected.
● Drives that are equipped with a PnP burette are opened again at the specific fill rate of the titrant,
whereas conventional drives are opened at 100% fill rate.

4.5.3 Dispense
Navigation: Home > Manual > Burette > Dispense
The "Dispense" operation lets you manually dispense a defined quantity of titrant.
a) Select the titrant you would like to dispense.
b) Select the drive on which the titrant is installed. (For PnP burettes, the system automatically selects
the appropriate drive.)
c) Enter the volume to be dispensed in [mL].
d) Enter the filling rate in [%] to define the speed at which you want to refill the burette. (100% is the
maximum rate.)
e) Press "Start" to start the dispensing procedure.
f) You can select "Stop" to terminate the procedure at any time.
You can determine the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Drive Defines the drive on which you will use the burette containing 1|2
the titrant.
Volume The volume to be dispensed, in [mL]. 0.001…100
Fill rate The filling rate of the burette in percent. 100% stands for 30…100
maximum filling rate.

40 G20
 Manual Operations

4.5.4 Manual titration

Navigation: Home > Manual > Burette > Manual Titration
To perform a manually controlled titration, proceed as follows:
a) Select the titrant you would like to titrate with.
b) Select the drive on which the titrant is installed. (For PnP burettes, the system automatically selects
the appropriate drive.)
c) Enter the filling rate in [%] to define the speed at which you want to refill the burette. (100% is the
maximum rate.)
d) Select the sensors you would like to use for the measurement from the list of sensors defined in the
setup.
e) Select the stirrer output for the stirrer and enter a speed.
f) Specify whether or not you want to run a manual temperature acquisition.
g) If you do not want automatic temperature acquisition, enter the temperature.
h) If you want automatic temperature acquisition, select a connected temperature sensor.
i) Select whether the results should be given in the form of consumption (of the titrant) or content (in
the sample).
j) Select the measurement unit and the number of decimal places for the results.
k) For results given as content, select the sample's entry type (volume or weight) and enter the sample
quantity m, the density d (for the volume or weight entry types), the molar mass M and the equiva­
lent number z for the substance to be tested.
l) Specify whether a record should be output to the printer and select which elements should be con­
tained in that record (results, table of measured values and curve).
m) Press "Start" to start the manual titration and move to the online dialog.
n) Press the "Dispense" button once to add a minimum volume of titrant. If you hold down the "Dis­
pense" button, the system will continuously add titrant. The dispensing rate will increase as you hold
down the button. After you release the button, the system will titrate at the minimum speed again the
next time the button is pressed.
o) Press "Exit" to end the manual titration.
During the manual titration, the system will display the measured value, the titrant consumption, and a
curve (measured value versus consumption) on the screen. After you finish, a record can automatically
be output to the printer. You can also view the results, measured values and curve on the screen.
For the results of the manual titration, the system takes as a basis the titrant consumption until the con­
clusion of the titration. The EQP is not calculated!
You can determine the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Drive Defines the drive on which you will use the burette containing 1|2
the titrant.
Fill rate The filling rate of the burette in percent. 100% stands for 30…100
maximum filling rate.
Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Sensor input The input to which you want to connect the sensor. SENSOR | PT1000

G20 41
Manual Operations

Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Ipol Ipol is the polarization current, in [µA], for the voltametric 0.0…24.0
indication.
Upol Upol is the polarization voltage, in [mV], for an amperometric 0…2000.0
indication. (Only for polarized sensors with "indication" =
"amperometric".)
Titration stand The name of the titration stand. Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Temperature Defines whether to enter the temperature manually ("yes") or No | Yes
manual via a temperature sensor ("no").
Temperature If the temperature is entered manually, you can enter it here, -20…200
in [°C]. (Only appears if "Temperature manual" = "Yes" was
selected.)
Temperature Here you can select the required temperature sensor (only Sensor list
sensor appears if "Temperature manual" = "No" is selected).
Sensor input The input to which you want to connect the sensor. SENSOR | PT1000
Temperature The unit of measure for the temperature measurement (°C | °C | K | °F
unit K | °F). (Only appears if "Temperature manual" = "No" was
selected.)
Result Here you can select whether to output the result of the manual Consumption | Content
titration as the amount of titrant consumed or as the content
in the sample.
Unit The unit for stating the result in the form of the titrant con­ mL | mmol
sumption. (Only for "Result" = "Consumption".)
Unit The unit for stating the result as the sample content. (Only for mol/L | mol/kg | g/L |
"Result" = "Content".) g/kg | % | ppm
Decimal places Specify the required number of decimal places for the results. 1...4
Entry type The entry type for the sample size, either "Weight" or "Vol­ Weight | Volume
ume" (only for "Result" = "Content").
Sample size The sample size, in [mL] or in [g], depending on the entry 0.0001…100
type selected. (Only for "Result" = "Content".)
Density The density of the sample substance to be determined, in 0.0001…100
[g/mL]. (Only for "Result" = "Content".)
M The molar mass of the substance [g/mol]. List
Report Defines whether to output a record to the printer after the titra­ Yes | No
tion.
Incl. Results Here you can specify whether the record should contain all Yes | No
the results. (Only appears for "Record" = "Yes".)
Incl. Measured Here you can specify whether the record should contain a Yes | No
value table table of measured values. (Only appears for "Record" =
"Yes".)
Incl. Curve Here you can specify whether the record should contain a Yes | No
curve. (Only appears for "Record" = "Yes".)
The parameters for temperature acquisition or entering the temperature, "Temperature manual", "Tempera­
ture", "Temperature sensor", "Sensor input" and "Temperature unit" are omitted for mV sensors and the
phototrode.

42 G20
 Methods

5 Methods
To carry out an analysis with the titrator, you require a method. A method is an analysis program and
consists of a sequence of method functions (some with method subfunctions), which are processed by
the titrator in sequence.
In this chapter, you will learn how to access and define methods.
The basic building blocks of a titration method consist of sample preparation, stirring and wait times, the
actual titration, result calculation and a record. The titrator defines these partial steps as functions that
consist of parameters whose values can be changed.
Loops
Within a method you can define one loop, which can run the series analysis n-times. (see Method Syn­
tax - Rules for Creating a Method").
The beginning and end of a sample loop are defined by the method functions "Sample" and "End of
Sample". The "End of Sample" method function is executed, and the sample loop stopped, only after the
last sample in a series.
There are the following loop types:
● A sample loop is for analyzing a sample.
● A calibration loop is for calibrating a sensor.
● A titer loop is for determining the titer of a titrant.

Types of Methods
The titrator distinguishes between the following method types with different objectives:
● GT
Method for general titration (contains only sample loops or mixed loops)
● Calibration
method for sensor calibration (contains only calibration loops).
● Titer
Method for titer determination, contains only titer loops

Preloaded Methods
A number of methods have already been stored in the device. These methods were developed by
METTLER TOLEDO for specific uses and can be used immediately for the corresponding analysis.
You can change these methods in line with your requirements and save them as user methods.
When creating methods you can revert to method templates, which, according to their objective, specify
the structure of the method, and whose parameters already contain the most suitable default values.
Method ID
You can distinguish between different types of method and individual methods of the same type using
their ID:
● Each method has its own unique method identification.
● The method ID of the METTLER TOLEDO methods is composed of the starting letter "M" followed by a
sequential number (M001, M002, …)
● The method ID for a user method can be chosen at random, however it cannot begin with an "M" fol­
lowed by a number.

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Methods

5.1 METTLER TOLEDO Methods

METTLER TOLEDO methods are preprogrammed methods for executing specific applications (e.g. chlo­
ride in ketchup). These methods are stored in the device prior to shipping (Methods List) and can be
started immediately by the user. METTLER TOLEDO methods not only provide the sequence of the method
functions, but they also define all of the method function settings. A METTLER TOLEDO method can be
saved as a user method by saving it under a different method ID.
ID Titel Beschreibung Titriermittel Sensor
M400 Acetic acid in vinegar EQP-Titration NaOH DG111
M401 Ammonium chloride content EQP-Titration NaOH DG111
M402 Free fatty acid content EQP-Titration KOH in Ethanol DG113
M403 Blank solvent FFA EQP-Titration KOH in Ethanol DG113
M404 Chloride content in Ketchup EQP-Titration AgNO3 DM141
M405 Total hardness of tap water EQP-Titration EDTA DP5
M406 Ca + Mg content of tap water EQP-Titration EDTA Ca ISE
M407 Sulfate content EQP-Titration BaCl2 Ba ISE
M408 Barium content conductometric EQP-Titration Li2SO4 InLab717
M409 Copper content EQP-Titration Na2S2O3 DM140
M410 Hydrogen peroxide content EQP-Titration KMnO4 DM140
M411 Vitamin C content voltametric EQP-Titration DPI DM143
M412 Vitamin C content amperometric EQP-Titration DPI DM143
M413 SDS content photometric EQP-Titration Hyamin DP5
M414 SDS content potentiometric EQP-Titration Hyamin DS500
M415 m-Value of tap water (EP) EP-Titration HCl DG111
M416 p-Value of tap water EP-Titration NaOH DG111
M417 Antacid (Stating) pH-Statierung NaOH DG111
M418 HCl content EP-Titration NaOH DG111
M419 Free SO2 content in wine EP-Titration J2 DM143
M424 Bromine number ASTM D1159 EP-Titration Bromide-Bromate DM143
M425 Blank ASTM D1159 EP-Titration Bromide-Bromate DM143
M426 Acid number ASTM D664 EQP-Titration KOH in 2 Propanol DG113
M427 Acid number ASTM D664 EQP-Titration KOH in 2 Propanol DG113
M428 Base number ASTM D4739 EQP-Titration HCl in 2 Propanol DG113
M429 Blank ASTM D4739 EQP-Titration HCl in 2 Propanol DG113
M430 Base number ASTM D2896 EQP-Titration HClO4 in acetic acid DG113
M431 Blank ASTM D2896 EQP-Titration HClO4 in acetic acid DG113
M432 Chloride content in motor oil EQP-Titration AgNO3 in 2 Propanol DM141
M435 Titer 0.1 mol/L NaOH EQP-Titration 0.1M NaOH DG111
M436 Calibration DG111-SC Messung pH Puffer: 4.01, 7.00, DG111-SC
9.21
M449 Nitrogen Kjeldahl with K-360 EQP-Titration 1/2 H2SO4 DG111-SC
M454 Nitrogen Kjeldahl TTL EP-Titration 1/2 H2SO4 DG111-SC
M455 Nitrogen Kjeldahl Manual EP-Titration 1/2 H2SO4 DG111-SC

5.2 Establishing Methods

You create a new method by changing the parameters of a delivered METTLER method and saving it
under a new method ID or by selecting an appropriate method template from the list of proposals, modi­
fying it, and saving it under a new ID.
Select: Home > Methods
a) Choose New to create a new method on the basis of a template.

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b) From the available templates, choose the one that is most similar to the method you wish to create.
You can now modify this method in line with your requirements by inserting or removing
method functions or modifying its parameters.
c) In the "Title" method function, enter a new method ID. Afterwards, a new method will be stored under
this method ID.
d) Assign a title to your new method.
e) Select available method functions to modify their parameters in line with your requirements.
f) Choose Insert to add additional method functions to the template.
g) Now use the arrow-shaped "Insert" button to select the required position for the new method function
in the method. (You will only be able to insert the method functions that are allowed in the corre­
sponding location based on the method syntax.)
h) From the list, select the method function that you want to insert.
i) Modify the individual parameters of the method function in line with the resources.
The new method function appears in the method.
j) To delete a method function, select the function in question and then choose Delete.
The method function disappears from the method.
k) After inserting all required method functions, you can store the new method in the titrator by choos­
ing Save.
When establishing a new method, follow the rules specified by the titrator. These are described in Chap­
ter "Method Syntax – Rules for Establishing Methods".

5.2.1 Method Templates

When you create a new method, the method templates prescribe the sequence of the method functions.
These method templates are not application-specific, but are dependent on the type of titrator. They allow
the user to establish user methods quickly and easily. Most of the settings in the method functions that
occur in a standard method already have default values.
To convert a method template into a user method, it has to be saved under a method ID.
Title Description Method type
EQP Equivalence point titration General titration
EP End point titration General titration
Measure Is used for the controlled transfer of a sensor mea­ General titration
suring value.
Lern-EQP Is used to determine the best parameters for carry­ General titration
ing out an EQP titration.
Titer with EQP Titer determination by EQP titration Titer determination
Titer with EP Titer determination by EP titration Titer determination
Calibration Sensor calibration (linear regression for all mea­ Calibration
surement points)
Segmented calibration Sensor calibration, taking into account non-linear Calibration
sensor behavior
Blank with EQP Blank value determination of a solvent using the General titration
equivalence point titration
Blank with EP Blank value determination of a solvent using the General titration
end point titration
pH Sensor test To check the slope, zero point and drift of pH-sen­ Calibration
sors.

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Methods

5.3 Modifying or Deleting Methods

You can change user methods or METTLER methods and store them under new method IDs.
Once a METTLER method has been modified, you will only be able to save it as a copy (or as a user
method) with a new method ID.
Modifying a method
To modify a method, select:
Home > Methods
a) From the displayed list of methods, select the method that you want to modify.
b) As soon as the methods functions of the selected method appear on the screen, you can modify the
method.
c) In the "Title" method function, enter a new method ID. Afterwards, a new method will be stored under
this method ID. You can enter up to twenty alphanumeric characters.
d) Select available method functions to modify their parameters in line with your requirements.
e) Choose Insert to add additional method functions to the template.
f) Now use the arrow-shaped "Insert" button to select the required position for the new method function
in the method. (You will only be able to insert the method functions that are allowed in the corre­
sponding location based on the method syntax.)
g) From the list, select the method function that you want to insert.
h) Modify the individual parameters of the method function.
The new method function appears in the method.

a) To delete a method function, select the function in question and then choose Delete.
b) After you have made all of the necessary adjustments, you can store the method in the titrator by
choosing Save.

Deleting Methods
You can easily delete user-defined methods from the titrator. Select:
Home > Methods
a) Select the method that you want to delete.
b) Choose Delete method to delete the method from the titrator's memory.

5.4 Starting Methods

The titrator offers various ways of starting a method:
● From the method editor
● By choosing Start from the Home dialog
● By using a shortcut on the Home screen
● Via the Series dialog
● By using the "Setup" dialog (to perform a calibration or titer determination)
You can use the method editor to start any method stored in the titrator.
a) From the displayed list in the Methods dialog, select the method that you wish to start (Home >
Methods).

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b) As soon as the method functions of the selected method appear on the screen, you can open the
Start analysis screen by choosing Start.
c) Choose Start again to reach an overview screen on the resources required for the method. (Only if
this was defined in the analysis sequence settings.)
d) To execute the method, confirm the screen by choosing OK.

5.5 Stopping Methods

Analyses or series of analyses that are in progress can be interrupted or terminated by the user in order
to intervene in the analysis process or by the titrator itself.
The options available in the event of an interruption of the analysis procedure are listed below.

5.5.1 Suspension of an ongoing analysis by the user

If you wish to make changes when an analysis or series of analyses is in progress, you can interrupt the
analysis procedure. Stop the relevant method as follows:
Press Stop.
The following options appear:
Save the series
The complete series assigned to the interrupted analysis is saved as a file in the form "SeriesXY".
● If the maximum permitted number of series (see "Series templates") has been reached, the series is
not saved.
● Sample data from a method that is waiting in a queue can be saved by selecting "Suspend" and
"Save series data".
Skip current sample
The analysis continues with the next sample. The current sample is marked in "Results" as "Skipped".
Skipping the current sample loop
The analysis omits the current sample loop and continues with the next one. The loop is marked in
"Results" as "Skipped"
The samples that have been skipped are automatically excluded from the statistics. This applies to all
results for the sample; also those that were listed before the sample was skipped. If required, you can
still use the "Results" dialog to include the sample in the statistics once the analysis is complete.
Further, you can decide whether you wish to cancel or continue the analysis:
To do so, choose Continue to continue the analysis or Stop definitely to terminate the interrupted analy­
sis.

5.5.2 Interruption of an ongoing analysis by the titrator

The titrator can interrupt an analysis that is in progress for the following reasons:
● Exceeding the specified termination parameter "Termination" for the methods "titration (EQP) and
titration (EP)".
● Due to end or equivalent points not being found during learn titrations.
If no end or equivalent points are found during a learn titration an error message appears and the
analysis is interrupted. You have the option of either canceling the titration or continuing after filling a
new burette.

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Methods

5.6 Method Syntax – Rules for Establishing a Method

A method consists of a sequence of method functions that are executed consecutively when a method is
processed. When establishing a method, certain rules (method syntax) must be followed. These funda­
mental rules are described below:

5.6.1 Types and Possible Number of Loops

Nested loops are not permitted. Loops can only be inserted into or deleted from a method as a whole.

The number of loops allowed in a method differs depending on the method type and device type:
Methodentyp Erlaubte Loop-Typen Maximale Anzahl von Loops
pro Methode
GT Sample loop 1
Titer loop
Calibration loop
Titer Titer loop 1
Kalib. Calibration loop 1

5.6.2 Sample Loops

The following loop types are available for the various methods for general titration (GT):
Sample loop (GT): Sample
Titration stand (manual stand)
Stir
Titration (EQP)
Calculation
Record
End of sample
Titer loop: Sample (Titer)
Titration stand (manual stand)
Stir
Titration (EQP)
Calculation
Record
End of sample
Titer
Calibration loop: Sample (calibration)
Titration stand (manual stand)
Stir
Measure (normal)
End of sample
Calibration

5.6.3 Inserting and Deleting Loops

The following description applies particularly for the GT method type.
Only entire loops can be inserted into or deleted from a method.

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When you insert a loop using the "Sample", "Sample (Titer)", and "Sample (Calib)" method functions, a
regular, correct template that varies according to the loop type is inserted.
When deleting one of the stored method functions listed above in gray, the entire loop will be deleted
from the method, including all of the method functions it contains.

5.7 Overview of Method functions

The number of method functions that can be used within a method is limited. The maximum number of
method functions is 11.
Functions Explanation Possible No. of Within loop Out of loop
MFs
Title Title and characteristics of the 1 No Yes
method.
Sample Start of a sample loop. total 1 Start of loop
Sample (titer) Start of a loop for titer determina­
tion
Sample (cali­ Start of a loop for sensor calibra­
bration) tion.
Titration stand Selects titration stand. 1 Yes No
Pump Pumps a defined volume of a liq­ 2 Yes Yes
uid.
Stir Activates a stirrer. 2 Yes No
Dispense Dispenses a defined quantity of 1 Yes Yes
(normal) titrant.
Measure (nor­ Takes over monitoring a measured total 1 Yes No
mal) value from a sensor.
Titration Conducts an equivalence-point Yes No
(EQP) titration.
Titration (EP) Conducts an end-point titration. Yes No
Titration Conducts an equivalent-point- Yes No
(LearnEQP) detection titration.
Calculation Converts the analysis results. 2 Yes Yes
End of sam­ Concludes a sample loop. 1 End of loop Yes
ple
Titer Assigns the result of a titer sample total 1 No Yes
loop to a titer.
Calibration Assigns the result of a calibration No Yes
loop to a sensor.
Blank Assigns a result or an arbitrary val­ 1 Yes Yes
ue to a blank and updates the val­
ue stored in Setup.
Auxiliary Activates external auxiliary instru­ 2 Yes Yes
instrument ments.
Drain Drains a volume from the sample 1 Yes Yes
vessel..
Record Defines the record data to be out­ 2 Yes Yes
put to the printer.

5.8 Method functions

All parameters that can be defined for the following method function are described below.

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Methods

5.8.1 Title
Defines the title and type of a method and manages properties such as the creation and change date, the
author, and whether or not the method is to be protected.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

ID Unique ID of the method. arbitrary (cannot start
with "M" followed by a
numeric character)
Title Title of the method. Arbitrary
Protect Protects the method against changes and Yes | No
deletion by any user other than the author or the administra­
tor.
SOP Standard operating procedure None | Text | Link
(SOP: (SOP)
SOP-Text Text for a standard operating procedure Arbitrary text
(if "SOP" = "text" is selected.)
SOP ID ID for the link to a standard operating procedure (if "SOP" = Arbitrary
"link" is selected.)

5.8.2 Sample
The "Sample" and "End of sample" method functions define the beginning and the end of a sample loop.
All of the method functions contained in a loop are conducted for each sample in a series. The method
functions are conducted in accordance with "End of Sample" only after processing the last sample.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Number of IDs Defines the number of sample IDs to be defined. 1…3
ID 1 The ID for the first or only sample of an analysis. Arbitrary
ID 2-3 The name defined here will be used as the default name for Arbitrary
the respective sample on the sample loop. (Only appears
subject to the settings made for "Number of IDs".)
Entry type Defines whether the sample should be added with a defined Weight | Volume |
mass, defined volume or defined number of pieces. The sam­ Number of pieces |
ple data query will then adjust according to the unit of mea­ Fixed weight | Fixed
surement. By selecting "fixed volume" or "fixed number of volume | Fixed num­
pieces" the sampling weight, sample volume or number of ber of pieces
pieces will be entered as the parameter in this method func­
tion and will not be prompted when conducting the method.
Lower limit Defines the lower limit for the variable entry of data. The unit [g]: 0 … 1000
will depend on the setting for the "entry type" parameter. Does [mL]: 0 … 1000
not appear for "fixed" entry types. [pcs.]: 0 … 106
Upper limit Defines the upper limit for the variable entry of data. The unit [g]: 0 … 1000
will depend on the setting for the "entry type" parameter. Does [mL]: 0 … 1000
not appear for "fixed" entry types. [pcs.]: 0 … 106
Weight Weight in [g]. Appears only if "entry type" = "fixed weight" 0…1000
was selected.
Volume Volume in [mL]. Appears only if "entry type" = "fixed volume" 0…1000
was selected.
Pieces The number of sample(s). Appears only if "entry type" = 0…106
"fixed number of pieces" was selected.
Weight per The weight in [g] per item. Appears only if "entry type" = 0…1000
piece "number of pieces" or "fixed number of pieces" was selected.

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 Methods

Density The density of a liquid sample substance, in [g/mL]. Appears 0.0001…100

only if "entry type" = "weight", "volume", "fixed weight" or
"fixed volume" was selected.
Correction factor Any correction factor that can be used in calculations. 0.0001…106
Temperature The temperature in [°C] during the analysis. If temperature -20…200
monitoring is activated in a titration function, the system will
ignore the sample temperature given here.
Entry Determines the entryt time for the sample size. If you select Before | Arbitrary
"Before", the sample size must be entered before the titration.
If "Arbitrary" is selected, the sample size will have to be
entered at any time during the titration (no later than when it
is used during the calculations). Only appears if "Fixed" val­
ues are not selected for "Entry Type".

5.8.3 Sample (titer)

Start of a loop for titer determination Contains all of the necessary data regarding the titrant and the stan­
dard to be used.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup.Titrant list
Standard Select the name of the standard from the standards list. Select from the stan­
dards defined in the
setup.
Entry type Defines whether the quantity (weight or volume) of a liquid or Weight | Fixed weight |
solid standard should be entered when the analysis is started Volume | Fixed vol­
or whether a "fixed weight" or a "fixed volume" should be ume | Number of
defined in the method function. pieces | Fixed number
of pieces
Lower limit Defines the lower limit for the variable entry of sample data in 0...1000
[ml] or [g]. The unit will depend on the setting for the "entry
type" parameter. (Applies only for the entry type "Weight" and
"Volume".)
Upper limit Defines the upper limit for the variable entry of data. The unit 0…1000
will depend on the setting for the "entry type" parameter.
Does not appear for "fixed" entry types.
Weight Weight in [g]. Appears only if "entry type" = "fixed weight" 0…1000
was selected.
Volume Volume in [mL]. Appears only if "entry type" = "fixed volume" 0…1000
was selected.
Correction factor Any correction factor that can be used in calculations. 0.0001…106
Temperature The temperature in [°C] during the analysis. If temperature -20…200
monitoring is activated in a titration function, the system will
ignore the sample temperature given here.
Entry Determines the entryt time for the sample size. If you select Before | Arbitrary
"Before", the sample size must be entered before the titration.
If "Arbitrary" is selected, the sample size will have to be
entered at any time during the titration (no later than when it
is used during the calculations). Only appears if "Fixed" val­
ues are not selected for "Entry Type".

5.8.4 Sample (calibration)

Start of a loop for sensor calibration. Contains all of the necessary data regarding the sensor and the cal­
ibration standard.

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Methods

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Sensor type Specifies the type of sensor that is calibrated pH | ISE | Temperature
Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Action Performing a calibration or a pH-sensor test. Calibration | Sensor
test
For more information about the method function for the pH-sensor test, refer to "Methods: Method func­
tions > Method functions for the pH-sensor test"
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Automatic buffer Defines whether the titrator should automatically identify the Yes | No
recognition buffers via the pH buffer list. Only possible for pH sensors.
pH buffer list Defines the pH buffer list to be used for the calibration of a pH Select from the pH
sensor. buffer lists (Auto pH
buffer lists) defined in
Setup.
List of stan­ Defines the standards list to be used for the calibration of an Select from the stan­
dards ISE or conductivity sensor. dards lists defined in
Setup.
Calibration Here you can define whether the calibration of a pH or ISE Linear | Segmented
sensor should be done in a linear or segmented manner.
Number of The number of buffers to be used for the calibration of a pH 1…9
buffers sensor.
Number of stan­ The number of standards to be used for the calibration of an 1…9
dards ISE sensor.
Buffer 1-9 For the calibration of a pH sensor, up to nine buffers can be Select from the buffer
selected from the pH buffer list. list.
Standards 1-9 For the calibration of an ISE sensor, up to nine standards can Select from the stan­
be selected from the standards list. dards list.
Standard Select the name of the standard from the standards list. Select from the stan­
dards defined in the
setup.
Temperature The temperature during the calibration in [°C] if temperature -20°C…200°C
acquisition has not been selected in the "Measurement (nor­
mal)" method function. Does not appear for temperature sen­
sors.

5.8.5 Titration stand

You can use the following parameters to specify the relevant titration stand.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type Defines the type of titration stand to be used. Rondolino TTL | Manu­
al stand | Auto stand |
External stand
Titration stand The name of the titration stand. Select the titration
stands from the list
specified in Setup.

5.8.6 Pump
You can use this method function to drain a reagent into a sample vessel.

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 Methods

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Auxiliary The auxiliary reagent to be added. Select from the auxil­
reagent iary reagents defined
in Setup.
Volume The volume to be pumped, in milliliters. 0…1000

5.8.7 Stir
Activates or deactivates (speed ="0") the stirrer of the current titration stand.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Duration The stirring time, in [sec]. 0 … 105
After the stirring time has elapsed, the titrator will continue to
the next method function without switching off the stirrer. The
stirrer is switched off after the analyis is finished or the
beaker is changed.
The stirrer output is defined by the prior method function
"Titration stand".

5.8.8 Dispense (normal)

You can use this method function to dispense a precisely defined quantity of titrant.
The smallest increment (dV(min)) is 1/20000 of the burette volume, i.e. for the following burettes:
1 mL burette: dV(min) = 0.05 µL
5 mL burette: dV(min) = 0.25 µL
10 mL burette: dV(min) = 0.50 µL
20 mL burette: dV(min) = 1 µL

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Volume Volume in [mL]. 0.0001…1000
Dosing rate Defines the dosing rate (not including the filling time), in 0.01…60
[mL/min]. You can also select a burette type-dependent
maximum number.

5.8.9 Methods with subfunctions

The method functions described below have subfunctions with their own parameters:
● Measure (normal)
● Titration (EQP)
● Titration (EP)
● Titration (LearnEQP)

5.8.9.1 Measure (normal)

For the controlled acquisition of a measured value from a sensor. If a temperature sensor is selected for
the measurement, the subfunction "Temperature acquisition" is omitted.

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Methods

Subfunction: Sensor

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type The type of sensor to be used to perform the measurement. mV | pH | ISE | Pho­
totrode
Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Indication Defines how to do the indication. Depending on the unit of Voltametric | Ampero­
measure: [mV] = voltametric, [µA] = amperometric. metric
Ipol Ipol is the polarization current, in [µA], for the voltametric 0.0…24.0
indication.
Upol Upol is the polarization voltage, in [mV], for an amperometric 0…2000.0
indication. (Only for polarized sensors with "indication" =
"amperometric".)
Subfunction: Temperature acquisition

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Temperature Defines whether to record the temperature, with the aid of a Yes | No
acquisition temperature sensor, during the execution of the analysis func­
tion.
Temperature Defines which temperature sensor to use for the temperature Sensor list
sensor acquisition. (Only if "Yes" was selected for temperature acqui­
sition.)
Unit The temperature unit you want to use. °C | K | °F
Subfunction: Stir

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Subfunction: Acquisition of Measured Values

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Acquisition Defines how the measured value is acquired. Equilibrium Con­
Equilibrium-controlled: The measured value is acquired as trolled | Fixed | Set
soon as it stabilizes. Value
- Fix: The measured value is acquired after a defined waiting
period.
- Set value: The measured value is acquired as soon as it
has exceeded, or fallen short of, a specific set value. (The Set
Value option is not available if the method function is used
within a Sample (Calib) loop.)
The following parameters are available for the sensor types: mV, pH, ISE, Phototrode, Polarized

Parameters Explanation Range of options

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 Methods

dE Defines the measured value interval. As soon as the change 0.1 … 15

in the measured value over the time period dt is less than dE,
the measured value will be acquired. This occurs within the
defined time interval of t(min) to t(max).
dE is specified in the unchanged unit of the sensor per sec­
ond:
- mV for the mV sensor type, pH, ISE, phototrode and polar­
ized voltametric
- µA for polarized
dt Defines the time component, in [sec] for dE/dt. (For "acquisi­ 1…150
tion" = "equilibrium-controlled" only.)
t(min) Earliest possible time for the measured value acquisition, in 1…150
[sec]. (For "acquisition" = "equilibrium-controlled" only.)
t(max) Latest possible time for the measured value acquisition, in 1…105
[sec]. (For "acquisition" = "equilibrium-controlled" only.)
Time Waiting time, in [sec], before acquisition of a measured val­ 1…105
ue when "acquisition" = "Fixed".
Mode Mode for the measured value acquisition of the "set value". E > Set value | E < Set
E > Set value acquires the measured value as soon as the value
set value has been exceeded.
E < Set value acquires the measured value as soon as the
measured value falls below the set value. Not available with­
in a calibration loop (only for "acquisition" = "set value").
Set value Set value in the sensor unit. Measured values will be (See "Value Ranges of
acquired after they exceed or fall below this value, depending Sensor Measuring
on the mode setting. (For "acquisition" = "set value" only.) Units and Control
Not available within a calibration loop. Band")
t(max) Latest time for the measured value acquisition, in [sec]. (For 1…105
"acquisition" = "set value" only.) Not available within a cali­
bration loop.
Mean value The system finds a mean value for the saved measured val­ Yes | No
ue, using a maximum of 10 measured values.
No. of mea­ When you want to calculate a mean value, you can define 1…10
sured values the number of measured values used to find that mean value
here.
dt Defines the time interval, in [sec], for the measured value 1…60
acquisition of the measured values to be averaged. (Appears
only if "mean value" = "yes" is selected.)
You can define the following parameters for the temperature sensor:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

dT Defines the measured value interval. As soon as the change 0.1 … 10 Unit: °C |
in the measured value during the time period dt is less than K | °F
dT, the measured value will be acquired. This occurs within
the defined time interval of t(min) to t(max).
This value is specified in the unchanged unit of the sensor,
per second:
°C | K | °F (Only for "Acquisition" = "Equilibrium controlled".)
Mode Mode for the measured value acquisition of the "set value". T > set value | T < set
T > Set value acquires the measured value as soon as the value
set value has been exceeded.
T < Set value acquires the measured value as soon as the
measured value falls below the set value. Not available with­
in a calibration loop (only for "acquisition" = "set value").

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5.8.9.2 Titration (EQP)

Carries out an equivalence-point titration. You can define the relevant parameters for the following sub­
functions:
Subfunction: Titrant

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Subfunction: Sensor
Type The type of sensor to be used to perform the measurement. mV | pH | ISE | Pho­
totrode
Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Indication Defines how to do the indication. Depending on the unit of Voltametric | Ampero­
measure: [mV] = voltametric, [µA] = amperometric. metric
Ipol Ipol is the polarization current, in [µA], for the voltametric 0.0…24.0
indication.
Upol Upol is the polarization voltage, in [mV], for an amperometric 0…2000.0
indication. (Only for polarized sensors with "indication" =
"amperometric".)
Frequency Polarization frequency in [Hz]; (only for "Type"="Polarized" 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.5
and "Unit"="mV"). The standard frequency is 4 Hz; other val­
ues should only be used for special applications.
Subfunction: Temperature acquisition

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Temperature Defines whether to record the temperature, with the aid of a Yes | No
acquisition temperature sensor, during the execution of the analysis func­
tion.
Temperature Defines which temperature sensor to use for the temperature Sensor list
sensor acquisition. (Only if "Yes" was selected for temperature acqui­
sition.)
Unit The temperature unit you want to use. °C | K | °F
Subfunction: Stir
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Subfunction: Predispensing

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Mode Specifies the type of addition: Volume | Potential |
Volume: predispenses a specific volume. Factor | None
Potential: system predispenses a substance until a certain
potential is reached.
Factor: A multiple of the sample size is predispensed.
None: does not predispense.
Volume Volume in [mL]. 0.0001…1000
Potential The potential at which you want to stop predispensing. (For (See "Value Ranges of
"mode" = "potential" only.) Sensor Measuring
Units and Control
Band")

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 Methods

Factor The system calculates the predispensing volume by multiply­ 0 … 105

ing the factor by the sample size. (For "mode" = "factor"
only.)
Wait time Defines a waiting time, in [sec]. (Either after the predispens­ 0…32000
ing or, if "predispensing" was set to "none", before the start
of titration.)
Subfunction: Control

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Control Here you can select from among three predefined control Normal | Fast | Cau­
modes ("Normal" | "Fast" | "Cautious"), or you can select tious | User
"user" to define all the parameters as freely editable.
If you change from "Normal", "Fast" or "Cautious" to "User",
the system will copy over the predefined parameter settings
and they will then be freely editable.
Mode You can select an application depending on the sensor type. Application list
The selected application will then provide its own specific
parameter set (not for "control" = "user").
Display para­ Here you can select whether to display the preset parameters Yes | No
meters of the control modes "Normal", "Fast" or "Slow" as non-
editable info fields. (Not for "control" = "user")
Titrant addition Defines whether to always dispense the same volume Dynamic | Incremental
defined by dV ("incremental") or to adjust the volume to be
titrated per step as the titration progresses ("dynamic"). (For
control mode "user" only)
dE(set value) Defines the potential difference targeted per titrant addition. 0.1 … 100
(For control mode "user" and dynamic titrant addition only)
dT(set value) Defines the temperature difference in the unit of the tempera­ 0.1…100
ture sensor that is targeted for a temperature sensor per titrant
addition. (For control mode "user" and dynamic titrant addi­
tion only)
dV(min) Defines the minimum amount for a titrant addition, in [mL]. 0.0001…1
(For control mode "user" and dynamic titrant addition only)
dV(max) Defines the maximum amount for a titrant addition, in [mL]. 0.0001…10
(For control mode "user" and dynamic titrant addition only.)
dV Defines the volume increment, in [mL], for the incremental 0.0001…10
titrant addition. (For control mode "user" and incremental
titrant addition only)
Meas. val. Type of measuring value acquisition: Equilibrium-controlled
acquisition • equilibrium-controlled: The system acquires the measured | Fixed time
value and makes the next titrant addition as soon as a stable
measured value is established.
• Fixed time: The measured values acquisition and the titrant
addition occur according to fixed time intervals.
(For control mode "User" only)
dE As soon as the change in the measured value during the time 0.1 … 15
period dt is less than dE, the measured value will be
acquired. Acquisition takes place no earlier than after t(min)
and no later than after t(max). Then the next titrant addition
is conducted.
(For control mode "user" and equilibrium-controlled mea­
sured value acquisition only)
dt Defines the time interval, in [sec], for calculating dE/dt (or 0.1…15
dT/dt for a temperature sensor). (For control mode "user" and
equilibrium-controlled measured value acquisition only)

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Methods

t(min) Earliest possible time for the measured value acquisition, in 0.5…150
[sec]. (For control mode "user" and equilibrium-controlled
measured value acquisition only)
t(max) Latest possible time for the measured value acquisition, in 1…105
[sec]. (For control mode "user" and equilibrium-controlled
measured value acquisition only)
dt Defines the time interval, in [sec], for the "fixed time" mea­ 0.5…6000
sured value acquisition. (For control mode "user" and mea­
sured value acquisition = "fixed time" only.)
Subfunction: Evaluation and recognition

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Procedure Defines which evaluation procedure to use. Standard | Asymmet­
ric | Minimum | Maxi­
mum | Segmented
Threshold Defines the threshold (absolute amount) that must be Standard, asymmet­
exceeded for the recognition of an EQP. ric and segmented: 0
For the evaluation procedures "Minimum" and "Maximum", … 106
this threshold value refers to the original curve, for "Standard" Minimum and Maxi­
and "Asymmetric", it refers to the 1st derivative of the original mum: (See "Value
curve, and for "Segmented", it refers to the 2nd derivative of Ranges of Sensor
the original curve. Measuring Units and
The unit depends on the evaluation procedure: Control Band")
Standard and asymmetrical: UoM*/mL
Minimum and Maximum: UoM
Segmented: UoM/mL
* UoM:Unit of Measurement
Tendency Defines the tendency for which the EQP is to be detected (for Positive | Negative |
"Procedures" = "Standard", "Asymmetric" and "Segmented"). None
Ranges You can define up to three recognition ranges. Outside these 1 | 2 | 3 | 0
ranges, the system will recognize neither EQP's nor EQP can­
didates.
Depending on what is defined here, upper and lower limits
are defined for each recognition range and also whether addi­
tional EQP criteria are to be used for each recognition range.
Lower limit 1-3 Defines the lower limit for the recognition range. Does not (See "Value Ranges of
appear if "0" was selected for "recognition range." The unit of Sensor Measuring
measure will depend on the sensor used. Units and Control
Band")
Upper limit 1-3 Defines the upper limit for the recognition range. Does not (See "Value Ranges of
appear if "0" was selected for "recognition range." The unit of Sensor Measuring
measure will depend on the sensor used. Units and Control
Band")
Add. EQP crite­ Defines whether to take additional EQP criteria into considera­ Last EQP | Steepest
ria tion. The available selection will depend on the evaluation jump | Lowest value |
procedure chosen. They can be defined individually for each Highest value | No
recognition range or for the overall recognition range ("recog­
nition ranges" = "0").
• Last EQP: The system only considers the quantity of EQPs
defined under "Last jumps".
• Steepest jump: The system only considers the number of
steepest jumps defined under "Steepest jumps"
• Lowest value: The system only considers the number of
lowest values defined under "Lowest values"
• Highest value: The system only considers the number of
highest values defined under "Highest values".

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Last jumps The quantity of last jumps to be taken into consideration. 1…9
(For "add. EQP criteria" = "last EQP" only.)
Steepest jumps The quantity of steepest jumps to be taken into consideration. 1…9
(For "add. EQP criteria" = "steepest jump" only.)
Lowest values The quantity of lowest values to be taken into consideration. 1…9
(For "add. EQP criteria" = "lowest value" only.)
Highest values The quantity of highest values to be taken into consideration. 1…9
(For "add. EQP criteria" = "highest value" only.)
Subfunction: Termination

Parameters Explanation Range of options

At Vmax Defines the maximum volume, in [mL], at which the titration 0.1…1000
must be terminated if it has not been terminated already.
At potential Defines whether to terminate the titration after reaching a Yes | No
defined potential (with the correct tendency!).
Potential The potential at which to terminate the titration. The unit of -100 ... 100
measure will depend on the sensor used. (For "at potential" (See "Value Ranges of
= "yes" only.) Sensor Measuring
Units and Control
Band")
Termination ten­ Defines for which tendency the titration should be terminated. Positive | Negative |
dency (For "at potential" = "yes" only.) None
At slope Defines whether to terminate the titration after reaching a Yes | No
defined slope. This absolute value must be exceeded by one
measured value and then be greater than two measured val­
ues to result in termination.
Slope The slope, in [unit of measure/mL], at which to terminate the 0 ... 105
titration.
(For "at slope" = "yes" only.)
After number of Specifies whether the titration should be terminated after the Yes | No
recognized recognition of a specific quantity of EQP candidates. The EQP
EQPs candidates must:
- Lie within the recognition range
- Be above the threshold, and
- Show the correct tendency. If no additional EQP criteria
should be considered, then EQP candidate = EQP applies.
Number of Defines the quantity of EQP candidates after the recognition 1…30
EQP's of which the system should terminate the titration.
(For "after number of recognized EQPs" = "yes" only.)
Combined ter­ No: Termination as soon as the first of the selected criteria Yes | No
mination criteria from the (Potential | Slope | Number of recognized EQPs)
group has been fulfilled.
Yes: Termination as soon as all the selected criteria have
been fulfilled. Termination of the titration in any case if the
maximum volume is reached.

5.8.9.3 Mode
An application mode can be selected in the "Control" subfunction for the EQP titration method functions if
the "Control" setting is not set to "User". Application modes are available for various types of titration
(acid/base, redox, argentometry, etc.). If an application mode is selected, the settings for the Control
subfunction will be specified based on what is best for the primary uses for the corresponding type of
titration. The user can choose between three different parameter sets for each application mode (Control
"Normal", "Fast" and "Slow").

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Methods

Sensor type Unit Unit for Mode

dE(set
value)
and dE
pH pH mV Acid / Base
mV Acid / Base (non aqu.)
mV mV mV Precipitation
Precipitation (non aqu.)
Redox
ISE mV mV Precipitation
ppm
pX
pM
Phototrode mV mV Precipitation
%T Complexation
A
Polarized mV mV Redox
µA µA Redox
Temperature °C °C, °F, K Acid / Base
°F
K

5.8.9.4 Titration (EP)

Carries out an end-point titration. You can define the relevant parameters for the following subfunctions:
Subfunction: Titrant

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Subfunction: Sensor
Type The type of sensor to be used to perform the measurement. mV | pH | ISE | Pho­
totrode
Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Indication Defines how to do the indication. Depending on the unit of Voltametric | Ampero­
measure: [mV] = voltametric, [µA] = amperometric. metric
Ipol Ipol is the polarization current, in [µA], for the voltametric 0.0…24.0
indication.
Upol Upol is the polarization voltage, in [mV], for an amperometric 0…2000.0
indication. (Only for polarized sensors with "indication" =
"amperometric".)
Subfunction: Temperature acquisition

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Temperature Defines whether to record the temperature, with the aid of a Yes | No
acquisition temperature sensor, during the execution of the analysis func­
tion.

60 G20
 Methods

Temperature Defines which temperature sensor to use for the temperature Sensor list
sensor acquisition. (Only if "Yes" was selected for temperature
acquisition.)
Unit The temperature unit you want to use. °C | K | °F
Subfunction: Stir
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100
Subfunction: Predispensing

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Mode Specifies the type of addition: Volume | Potential |
Volume: predispenses a specific volume. Factor | None
Potential: system predispenses a substance until a certain
potential is reached.
Factor: A multiple of the sample size is predispensed.
None: does not predispense.
Volume Volume in [mL]. 0.0001…1000
Potential The potential at which you want to stop predispensing. (For (See "Value Ranges of
"mode" = "potential" only.) Sensor Measuring
Units and Control
Band")
Factor The system calculates the predispensing volume by multiply­ 0 … 105
ing the factor by the sample size. (For "mode" = "factor"
only.)
Wait time Defines a waiting time, in [sec]. (Either after the predispens­ 0…32000
ing or, if "predispensing" was set to "none", before the start
of titration.)
Subfunction: Control

Parameters Explanation Range of options

End point type Absolute: Titration is ended when the absolute measured val­ Absolute | Relative
ue is reached.
Relative: The system will take into consideration the differ­
ence between the desired end point and the measured value
at the start of the titration.
Tendency Defines the direction of change for the measured value during Positive | Negative |
the titrant addition. If the starting potential, end point and ten­ None
dency are inconsistent at the start of the analysis, the system
will terminate the analysis immediately.
(For "end-point type" = "absolute" only.)
End point value The defined titration end point. The unit will depend on the (See "Value Ranges
sensor used. from Sensor Measur­
ing Units and Control
Band")
Control band This number defines the width of the control band. Outside (See "Value Ranges
the control band, the system will titrate with the maximum from Sensor Measur­
dispensing rate. The smaller the control band, the faster the ing Units and Control
titrator will react to a deviation from the potential of the Band")
defined end point. When the measurement curve reaches the
control band, the titrator will slow down the titrant addition to
approach the end point in a cautious manner. The unit will
depend on the sensor used.
Dosing rate The maximum dosing rate in [mL/min]. 0.001…60
(max)
Dosing rate The minimum dosing rate in [µL/min]. 1 – 104
(min)

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Methods

Subfunction: Termination

Parameters Explanation Range of options

At EP Defines whether to terminate the titration after reaching the Yes | No
end point.
If "no" is selected, after reaching the end point the system will
continue acquiring measured values without adding titrant
until the maximum time period is reached.
Termination The termination delay which defines the time period, in [sec], 0…108
delay between reaching the end point and terminating the titration. If
during the termination delay the measured value drops below
the end point, the system will add further increments and
restart the termination delay.
(Only if "at EP" = "yes" is selected.)
At Vmax Defines the maximum volume, in [mL], at which the titration 0.1…1000
must be terminated if it has not been terminated already.
Max. time Defines the maximum time of the titration, in [sec]. 0…108 | ∞

5.8.9.5 Titration(LearnEQP)
Learn titration (EQP) is used to determine the best parameters for carrying out an EQP titration. As soon
as the settings have been successfully recorded, the titration detection in the method is converted to a
normal EQP titration with the recorded settings.
You can determine the relevant parameters for the following subfunctions:
Subfunction: Titrant

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Titrant You can select a titrant from the titrants defined in the setup. Titrant list
Subfunction: Sensor

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type The type of sensor to be used to perform the measurement. mV | pH | ISE | Pho­
totrode
Sensor The name of the sensor. Sensor list of the sen­
sor type selected in
Setup
Unit The unit of measure to be used for the measurement; the unit mV | pH | ppm | pM |
will depend on the sensor type selected. pX | %T | A | µA | °C |
K | °F 
Subfunction: Temperature acquisition

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Temperature Defines whether to record the temperature, with the aid of a Yes | No
acquisition temperature sensor, during the execution of the analysis func­
tion.
Temperature Defines which temperature sensor to use for the temperature Sensor list
sensor acquisition. (Only if "Yes" was selected for temperature acqui­
sition.)
Unit The temperature unit you want to use. °C | K | °F

62 G20
 Methods

Subfunction: Stir

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100

5.8.10 Calculation
For converting the titration results.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Result type If you select the parameter "Result type" = "Predefined", the Predefined | User
Results proposals button is available. With it you can select defined
a predefined result from the proposal list. The parameters
"Unit", "Formula", and "Constant" are adjusted automatically.

If you select the parameter "Result type" = "User defined", the

parameters "Result", "Result unit", and "Constant" is editable.
Calculation type Using this parameter you can perform calculations for the fol­ Direct titration | Back
lowing categories: direct titration, back titration (automatical, titration autom. | Back
manual), blank compensation and other). titration manual |
For the selection of the result from the proposal list, you have Blank comp. | Other
to consider the Parameter "Entry type" used in the method
function "Sample". If there is a difference between the "Calcu­
lation type" and the "Entry type" in "Sample" an error mes­
sage appears.
Formula, These parameters are automatically set for results proposals Arbitrary | "Constant
Result if you have selected the parameter "Result type" = "Prede­ C=" only a number is
Result unit fined" (these parameters depend on the selected "Calculation allowed
Constant C type" and the "Entry type" in the method function "Sample".
If you have selected "Result type" = "User defined" you can
edit the parameters "Result", "Result unit" and "Constant C".
"Formula" is not editable.
Selected EQP You can enter equivalence points (EQP) which you want to 1 ... 10
consider for the calculation. This parameter is only available
if "Titration (EQP)" is selected in a loop.
M The molar mass of the substance [g/mol]. List
Decimal places The number of decimal places for the result. 0…6
Result limits Defines whether limits should be observed for the result. If Yes | No
this function is activated, there will be a message in the
record if the result falls outside the defined limits.
Lower limit Defines the lower result limit. -108 … 108
Appears only if "result limits" = "yes" was selected.
Upper limit Defines the upper result limit. -108…108
Appears only if "result limit" = "yes" was selected.
Interruption out­ Determines whether the method should be interrupted if a Yes | No
side limits value lies outside the defined limits (only appears if the "Lim­
its" parameter has been activated).
A message (which must be acknowledged) appears advising
that the process has been interrupted during the time that the
message is displayed.
Record statistics Determines whether statistics should also be issued with the Yes | No
results in the protocol along with the result. If the method
function "Protocol" "Results" = "No" selected then no statis­
tics are produced.

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5.8.11 Record
This method function defines the type and scope of the data to be output for a record using the printer
(see "Peripherals" > "Printer".
If the method function "Record" is placed within a sample loop, the record will include all previous
method functions within the current sample loop.
If the method function "Record" is placed outside of a sample loop, the record will include all previous
method functions listed after the last sample loop in the method procedure. A few settings are not avail­
able outside of a loop.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Overview States whether or not a short summary of the results should No | Per sample | Per
appear at the top of the protocol. series out of loop: No |
Yes
Results The results from the "Calculation" method functions. Any sta­ within loop: Per Sam­
tistic selected will be recorded after the last sample of a series ple | Per Series | No
or multiple determination. Out of Loop: No | Yes
Raw results The raw results produced during the determination within loop: Per Sam­
ple | Per Series | No
Out of Loop: No | Yes
Measured value The table of measured values of the current sample (not Last titration function |
table available out of loop). All titration functions |
No
Sample data The sample data of a sample loop. (Not available outside of Per sample | Per
loop) series | No
Resource data All data in the setup regarding the resources used in the Per Sample | Per
method. Series | Non Per Sam­
ple | Per Series | No
E–V Titration curve of the current sample. The potential is plotted Last | All | No
against the volume (not available out of loop).
dE/dV – V The 1st derivation of the titration curve, potential against vol­ Last | All | No
ume (with linear coordinate representation) (not available out
of loop).
log dE/dV – V The 1st derivative of the titration curve for potential against Last | All | No
volume. (With logarithmic ordinate display) (not available
outside of loop)
d2E/dV2 – V The 2nd derivative of the titration curve for potential against Last | All | No
volume. (With linear coordinate display) (not available out of
loop)
E–t Titration curve of the current sample. The potential is plotted Last | All | No
versus the time. (Not available outside of loop)
V–t Titration curve of the current sample. The volume is plotted Last | All | No
versus the time. (Not available outside of loop)
dV/dt – t The 1st Derivative of the titration curve volume against time" Last | All | No
(not available out of loop).
T–t Titration curve of the current sample. The temperature is plot­ Last | All | No
ted versus the time. (Not available outside of loop)
E – V & dE/dV – Two superposed titration curves E – V and dE/dV – V for the Last | All | No
V current sample. (Not available outside of loop)
V – t & dV/dt – t Two overlaid titration curves "V – t" and "dV/dt – V" of the cur­ Last | All | No
rent sample (not available out of loop).
Method Printout of the method used. No | Yes
Series data All data from the series run. No | Yes

64 G20
 Methods

Calibration Calibration curve. The sensor unit of measurement is plotted No | Yes
curve against the measured values of all samples (not available
within loop).

5.8.12 End of sample

The "End of Sample" method function closes a sample loop. A sample loop refers to the range of a
method through which a sample series will pass for each sample. The commencement of a sample loop
is specified using the "Sample" method function.

5.8.13 Titer
The "Titer" method function is only available outside a loop. This method function assigns the result of a
sample loop to a titer and updates the value stored in Setup.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

TITER= Specifies for how many results the titer should be determined. Mean[Ri], i=1…30
(For i=1, i does not have to be defined.)
Limits Determines whether limits should be taken into account for Yes | No
acquisition of a value. If the value is outside these limits, the
value is not transferred to Setup.
Interruption out­ Determines whether the method should be interrupted if a Yes | No
side limits value lies outside the defined limits (only appears if the "Lim­
its" parameter has been activated).
A message (which must be acknowledged) appears advising
that the process has been interrupted during the time that the
message is displayed.
Lower limit Defines the lower limit of a value. Appears only if the "limits" 0…100
= "yes" setting was selected.
Upper limit Defines the upper limit of the concentration limit. 0.1…100

5.8.14 Calibration
This method function assigns the result of a calibration loop to a sensor and updates the sensor setup.
Calibration is only performed outside a loop. This method function can be applied both for "Calibration"
and "pH-sensor test". The calibration can be performed for "Action" = Calibration" in the "Sample (Cal­
ib)" method function and the sensor test for "Action" = Sensor test".

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Limits Determines whether limits should be taken into account for Yes | No
acquisition of a value. If the value is outside these limits, the
value is not transferred to Setup.
The "Limits" parameter is only available for "Action" = Calibration".
In cases of segmented calibration for pH and ISE sensors, the limits will be defined and observed for
each segment.
Depending on the sensor type, if the "Limits" checkbox is activated, the following parameters can be
determined (100% represents -59.16 mV/pH (sensor type: pH) or to -59.16 mV/[unit]) /Ion charge
(sensor type: ISE). The unit corresponds to the unit specified in the previous method function, "Sample
(Calib)". (For temperature sensors, only the two info fields for the minimum and maximum zero point
are displayed.)
For pH and ISE sensors:

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Methods

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Interruption out­ Determines whether the method should be interrupted if a val­ Yes | No
side limits ue lies outside the defined limits (only appears if the "Limits"
parameter has been activated).
A message (which must be acknowledged) appears advising
that the process has been interrupted during the time that the
message is displayed.
Min. slope 1-8 The lower limit for the slope, in [%]. (100% refers to -59.16 10…200
mV/pH.)
Max. slope 1-8 The upper limit for the slope, in [%]. 10…200
Min. zero point The lower limit for the zero point. -100…100
1-8
Max. zero point The upper limit for the zero point. -100…100
1-8
The determined slope is converted to 25oC and compared with the limits.

5.8.15 pH sensor test

The sensor test is used to check the slope, zero point and drift of pH sensors.
The test can be started either by using a method or sample series via the "Calibration" method function or
directly from the Setup of the sensor concerned (see also "Setup: Hardware > Sensors > Sensor calibra­
tion / pH sensor test").
● The calibration data of the pH sensor is not affected by the test.
● The results of the sensor test can be printed out.

Starting the sensor test via a method

Start the sensor test as follows:
a) Select a method of the "Calibration" type or create the appropriate method.
b) Select the "Sample (Calibration)" method function.
c) In the Sample (Calibration) dialog window, select the following parameters:
- "Sensor type" = "pH"
- "Action" = "Sensor test"
d) Specify the buffer parameters to be used (See "Methods: Method functions > Sample (Calibration)".
The sensor test is carried out using two buffer solutions.
e) Press OK.
f) Select the "Calibration" method function
g) Define the following parameters in the Calibration dialog:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Interruption out­ Determines whether the method should be interrupted if a val­ Yes | No
side limits ue lies outside the defined limits (only appears if the "Limits"
parameter has been activated).
A message (which must be acknowledged) appears advising
that the process has been interrupted during the time that the
message is displayed.
Min. slope 1-8 The lower limit for the slope, in [%]. (100% refers to -59.16 10…200
mV/pH.)
Max. slope 1-8 The upper limit for the slope, in [%]. 10…200
Min. zero point The lower limit for the zero point. -100…100
1-8

66 G20
 Methods

Max. zero point The upper limit for the zero point. -100…100
1-8
Min. drift The minimum drift value in [mV/30s]. -100 to 100
Max. drift The maximum drift value in [mV/30s]. -100 to 100
● If the values are within the limits, the sensor test is regarded as having been passed.
● Slope and drift relate to 25°C.
To provide an overview, the relevant method functions have been summarized and listed in the following
table:
Method functions for the pH sensor test
Method function Description
Sample (Calibration) This method function is used firstly in order to carry out a calibration
and secondly for the sensor test. It is selected via the "Action" parame­
ter. Only two buffers can be defined for the sensor test.
Measure (normal) The measured values of both calibration solutions (pH buffers) are
determined here. In addition, another drift determination is carried out
for the second buffer.
Calibration In the method, the "Calibration" method function for the sensor test is
placed after the "End of sample" method function. Essentially, "Calibra­
tion" corresponds to a calculation function. In the process, it calculates
the calibration parameters from the measured values of the calibration
loop and the calibration standard values (pH buffer values). These are
then compared with the inputted limit values for the zero point, slope
and drift.
Record The results of the sensor test are displayed in the "Overview" section of
the record. The various selection parameters for titration curves (E – V,
dE/dV – V, etc.) which are available during standard titration are invalid
for the record.

5.8.16 Blank
This method function assigns a result or arbitrary value to a blank value, including the unit.

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary
Value B= Here you can enter a number or you can select a formula 1 ... 120 | Formula
from the proposal list (via the Proposal button).
Unit The units in which the blank is specified. Arbitrary
Limits Determines whether limits should be taken into account for Yes | No
acquisition of a value. If the value is outside these limits, the
value is not transferred to Setup.
Interruption out­ Determines whether the method should be interrupted if a Yes | No
side limits value lies outside the defined limits (only appears if the "Lim­
its" parameter has been activated).
A message (which must be acknowledged) appears advising
that the process has been interrupted during the time that the
message is displayed.
Lower limit Appears only if "limits" = "yes" was selected. -108 … 108
Upper limit Appears only if "limits" = "yes" was selected. -108 … 108

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Methods

5.8.17 Auxiliary instrument

This method function activates external auxiliary instruments and enables the titrator to be controlled by
such auxiliary instruments. The parameters described in the following can be defined for all control types.
These are followed by parameters that can be defined explicitly for the relevant control type:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Control type The control type of the auxiliary instrument. Output 24 V | Stirrer |
Out TTL (Single pin) |
Input TTL (Single
pin) | RS-232
Name A name of your choice. Arbitrary

5.8.17.1 Control type: 24V output

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Mode Defines the mode for controlling the control output. On | Off | Fixed time
- Fixed time: The control output is switched on for the defined
time interval.
On | Off: The control outlet is switched on or off. After a sam­
ple series the control outlet is automatically switched off.
Time If "mode" = "fixed time" was selected, a time span in [sec] 0…106
can be defined here for which the control outlet should be
switched on.

5.8.17.2 Control type: Stirrer

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Mode Defines the mode for controlling the control output. On | Off | Fixed time
- Fixed time: The control output is switched on for the defined
time interval.
On | Off: The control outlet is switched on or off. After a sam­
ple series the control outlet is automatically switched off.
Time If "mode" = "fixed time" was selected, a time span in [sec] 0…106
can be defined here for which the control outlet should be
switched on.
Speed Speed in [%]. 0…100

5.8.17.3 Control type: Out TTL (Single pin)

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Mode Defines the mode for controlling the control output. For TTL On | Off | Fixed Time |
signals, the number and type of the output signals is deter­ Input controlled |
mined Sequential
. Fixed time: The control output is switched on for the defined
time period.
On | Off: The control output is switched on or off.
TTL input-controlled: A signal received at the control inlet con­
trols the control outlet. The Auxiliary instrument function is ter­
minated as soon as the signal changes at the control input or
after a defined maximum time has expired.
TTL Sequential: The control output runs through a defined
sequence.

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 Methods

Time If "mode" = "fixed time" was selected, a time span in [sec] 0…106
can be defined here for which the control outlet should be
switched on.
Input The name of the auxiliary instrument to serve as the signal Auxiliary instrument
input (control input). list in the setup
Appears only for "mode" = "input-controlled".
Output signal Normal: The signal is transmitted without conversion. Auxiliary instrument
Inverted: The signal is transmitted in inverted form. list in the setup
Appears only for "mode" = "input-controlled".
Max. time The maximum waiting time for a signal change, in [sec]. 0…106
After it expires, the method is continued even if no signal
change was detected.
Appears only for "mode" = "input-controlled".
Number of puls­ The number of impulses in the planned sequence. 0…104
es Appears only for "mode" = "sequential."
Pulse duration The duration of a pulse in [sec] (time switched on + time 0…106
switched off). Appears only for "mode" = "sequential".
Interval Defines the time span, in [sec], between two impulse starts. 0 … 106 | 0 … 104
Appears only for "mode" = "sequential".

5.8.17.4 Control type: TTL input (single pin)

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Input signal Indicates whether an increasing or a decreasing input signal Rising | Falling
should be detected. For communication direction "input"
only.
Max. time The maximum waiting time for a signal change, in [sec]. 0…106
After it expires, the method is continued even if no signal
change was detected.
Appears only for "mode" = "input-controlled".

5.8.17.5 Control type: RS-232

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Send output Defines whether an output sequence should be sent. Yes | No
sequence
Output The control sequence for the signal receiver - can also con­ %R%
sequence tain a formula enclosed in characters % or control characters
in format \xxx where xxx is the decimal number of the control
character. G20 supports only %R1% or %R2%. (Only if
"Send output sequence" is activated).
Wait for input Defines whether the system should wait for a input sequence Yes | No
sequence from the device.
Max. time "The maximum waiting time for an input sequence in 0…106 | ∞
[sec].After it expires, the method will be continued even if no
input sequence was detected." (Only if "Wait for input
sequence" is activated).
Input sequence The input sequence from the external device. The sequence Arbitrary
can contain control characters in format \xxx where xxx is the
decimal number of the control character (only if "Wait for
input sequence" is activated).

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Methods

5.8.18 Drain
You use this method function to drain a specific volume from a sample vessel using a pump (membran -
, peristalitc- or air pump (Solvent Manager).You can specify the following parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Drain pump Defines which pump is to be used for drainage. Pump list (pumps
defined in setup)
Drain volume The volume to be drained, in [mL]. 0…1000
Duration The duration to drain the solvent , in [sec]. (Only available if 0 … 103
"Drain pump" = "Solvent Manager"

5.9 Method functions Within a Loop

The method functions that are permitted between the "Sample" and "End of sample" method functions are
limited and depend on the loop type.
The options within a calibration loop are identical to those in the sample loop with the restriction that they
cannot contain any titration method functions, and the method function "Measure (Normal)" must occur
(only) once in the loop.
The same options that apply for the sample loop also apply for the titer loop, however the (titer) loop
must contain at least one titration method function.
The following method functions are essentially permissible within a sample loop in arbitrary order.
● Drain
● Calculation
● Blank
● Dispense (Normal)
● Auxiliary instrument
● Measure
● Record
● Pump
● Stir
● Titration (EP, EQP, LearnEQP)
● Titration stand
For the method functions "Titration stand", "Calculation", and "Record", certain rules must be followed:

● The method function "Titration stand" must appear immediately after the loop-initializing functions
"Sample", "Sample (Calib)" or "Sample (Titer)".
● A maximum of four "Titration Stand" method functions within a loop can be applied.
● It is best to insert the method function "Calculation" after the method function that determines the raw
results for the calculation.
● The method function "Record" can be only inserted after the method function that generates the results
the record should contain.

5.10 Method functions Outside of a Loop

In addition to the preset "Title" method function, which always appears at the start, additional method
functions can be inserted outside a loop depending on the method type:

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 Methods

- Drain
- Calculation
- Blank
- Dispense (normal)
- Auxiliary instrument
- Calibration (position is fixed)
- Pump
- Record
- Titer (position is fixed)
● The method function "Calibration" must appear immediately after the "End of Sample" method func­
tion of a calibration loop.
● The method function "Titer" must appear immediately after the "End of Sample" method function of a
titer loop.
● The same options are available for calibration and titer methods. In addition, when entering a loop,
enter the method functions "Calibration" or "Titer", as appropriate after the "End of Sample" function.

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Series Templates

6 Series Templates
You can use series templates to gather up to 120 individual samples to form a sample series. All sam­
ples in the series are analyzed one after the other with a defined method (analysis template for sequential
processing of samples using the same method).
● You can create a shortcut on the Homescreen for all series templates.
● A maximum of 60 sample series can be stored in the titrator.
If you select a series template from this list by clicking on it, you can change its parameters or delete the
entire template.
You can choose New to create a new series template. The following parameters will be available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Sample series Here you can assign any ID to the sample series. Arbitrary
ID
Method ID Here you can select the Method ID for the relevant method. Method list
Comments You can enter a brief comment about the series. Arbitrary
Number of sam­ Defines the number of samples to be analyzed. 1…120
ples
Number of stan­ The number of standards to be analyzed with a method or 1…120
dards series.
Number of The number of buffers to be used for the calibration of a pH 1…9
buffers sensor.
During the creation of a sample series, you can choose "Samples" to display the loop list (method type:
"GT") or to the standard list (method type "Titer" and "Calibration"). From these lists, you can change
predefined sample or standard data or you can create new sample or standards.

6.1 Sample or Standard Parameters

The sample list, which can be opened by choosing Samples in the series parameter window, displays all
samples of a loop with a number, the first ID, and the sample size (depending on entry type - see
"Method functions: Sample"). You can also edit the samples here.
● Series IDs must be unique, although sample IDs do not have to be.
● For titer loops, the standard name and the sample size are listed, and for calibration loops the name
of the list of standards and the individual standards.
Select an entry from the list. You can define the following parameters for each sample, depending on the
type of the loop (Sample, Titer, Calibration):

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Number The number of the sample. 1…120
ID A user-defined name for the ID of the sample, in accordance Arbitrary
with the "Sample" method function.
Sample size You can enter the sample size here. 0 … 1000 [g] | [mL]
For fixed entry types, this field only appears as an info field. 0 … 106 [pcs.]
*The entered value of the sample size has to be valid within the range which is configured in the "Sam­
ple" method function of the relevant method.
Weight per The weight in [g] per item. Appears only if "entry type" = 0…1000
piece "number of pieces" or "fixed number of pieces" was selected.
Density [g/mL] The density of the sample for the entry types "Weight", "Fixed 0.0001…100
weight", "Volume" and "Fixed volume".
Comments You can enter a brief comment about the series. Arbitrary
Correction factor Any correction factor that can be used in calculations. 0.0001…106

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 Series Templates

Temperature The temperature in [°C] during the analysis. If temperature -20…200

monitoring is activated in a titration function, the system will
ignore the sample temperature given here.
For entering the sample parameters, particularly for numerous samples, the titrator provides you with
assistance in the entry windows of the "ID 1" and "Sample size" parameters:

These extra icons are a quick, direct way to jump to the entry window of the previous sample or next
sample.
You can also choose "Sample ID 1" and "Sample size" to switch directly between the entry windows for
the sample parameters "ID 1" and "Sample size".

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Analysis Sequences

7 Analysis Sequences

7.1 Starting an Analysis

An analysis can be started on the titrator in several different ways:
1. By choosing one of the following buttons:
• Start from the method editor
• Start from Homescreen
• Start from the Series dialog
• Titer to perform a titer determination in Setup (Navigation: Setup > Chemicals >
Titrant > Titrant Parameters).
• Calibration / Sensor test to calibrate or to test pH sensor in Setup (Navigation: Setup >
Hardware > Sensors > Sensor Parameters), refer to section "Setup: Hardware >
Sensors".

2. Using a user-specific shortcut or a direct shortcut from Homescreen.

When you create a shortcut by choosing AddToHome (see "Description of Functions > The User Interface
> Shortcuts and Direct Shortcuts"), the following parameters are available:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Description Any name for the shortcut. Arbitrary
Immediate start The method, series, or manual operation can be started Yes | No
immediately. This enables you to start the analysis without
using the Start analysis dialog.
Homescreen You can select the free position for the shortcut on the Home­ 4
position screen.
After you create the shortcut, it appears in the selected position in "Home", from where you can select it
by tapping the touchscreen.
When you start an analysis, whether by using a button or with a shortcut, the system always opens the
Start analysis dialog (see "Descripton of Functions > The User Interface > The Start Analysis Dialog").
The only exceptions are direct shortcuts ("Immediate start" = "Yes"), whose selected settings permit a
direct start.
At the start of an analysis, you can still make changes to various settings in the Start analysis dialog. It
is therefore possible, for example, to modify the sample size and define the number of samples to be
determined.
If the analysis you want to start is a single determination, you can enter the sample size or sample ID
directly as a parameter in the Start analysis dialog.
In general, the sample data can be entered for each individual sample using the Samples button in the
Start analysis dialog. In the Sample data dialog that opens when you choose this button, a list of the
individual samples is displayed.
In addition, the status is displayed for every sample (regardless of the loop type) in the Sample data dia­
log. The following status levels can be assigned to a sample:
● Idle: The sample is not yet running and the sample data can still be edited
● Running: The sample is running but the sample data can still be edited
● Active: The sample is running and the sample data can no longer be edited
● Done: Done – the sample has run and concluded and the sample data can no longer be edited
If you select a sample, you can define the following sample data (depending on the method and entry
type - see "Method functions: Sample").

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 Analysis Sequences

To enter sample data, tap on "Sample" in the Start analysis dialog. The Sample data dialog opens. You
can tap on an entry in the "Sample list" or you can tap on New to specify the sample data via the follow­
ing parameters:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Number The number of the sample. 1…120
ID 1 The ID for the first or only sample of an analysis. Arbitrary
Sample size You can enter the sample size here. 0 … 1000 [g] | [mL]
For fixed entry types, this field only appears as an info field. 0 … 106 [pcs.]
Weight per The weight in [g] per item. Appears only if "entry type" = 0…1000
piece "number of pieces" or "fixed number of pieces" was selected.
Density You can enter the sample's density, in [g/mL], here. (Does 0…100
not appear for the entry types "Number of pieces" and "Fixed
number of pieces".)
Comments You can enter a brief comment about the series. Arbitrary
Correction factor Any correction factor that can be used in calculations. 0.0001…106
Temperature The temperature in [°C] during the analysis. If temperature -20…200
monitoring is activated in a titration function, the system will
ignore the sample temperature given here.
You can enter the following parameters in the Start analysis dialog, depending on the type of analysis to
be started and the resources used:

Parameters Explanation Range of options

Type The type of analysis to be started. Either Method or Series. Method | Series
Number of sam­ Defines the number of samples to be analyzed. 1…120
ples
Number of stan­ The number of standards to be analyzed with a method or 1…120
dards series.
ID 1 The ID for the first or only sample of an analysis. Arbitrary
Sample size You can enter the sample size here. 0 … 1000 [g] | [mL]
For fixed entry types, this field only appears as an info field. 0 … 106 [pcs.]
● All the parameters that can be edited in the Start analysis dialog or the sample data dialog will over­
write the settings defined in the method for the same parameters.
● All non-editable parameters that are displayed as an info field are only shown for orientation purpos­
es and list the settings from the method.
● If the sample size must be entered before the analysis but the user does not do so, the user will be
required to enter it immediately before the start of the analysis.

7.2 Analysis Sequence Steps

During the processing of an analysis, starting from the start of the analysis and sample addition through
to the results display, the titrator displays a range of dialog windows, some of which the user has to
confirm in order for the analysis to continue. These dialog windows are used to ensure faultless process­
ing, and also to provide the user with information.
Depending on the required degree of automation for an analysis, it can, however, be useful and desir­
able to deactivate particular security questions or information dialogs to ensure that the sequence is
processed without interruption. Below are some process flow examples.

7.2.1 Analysis sequence

For GT analyses, the sequence with the use of a manual or with the use of an automatic titration stand is
shown. In each case, you are told where the individual screens can be switched off in the user interface.
● Analysis sequence for an analysis with a titration stand of the type "Manual stand":

G20 75
Analysis Sequences

<Start>

Dialog: Analysis start Can be switched off for the start via shortcut with the "Imme­
diate start" parameter during the creation or management of a
shortcut.

<Start>

Check: Resources Can be switched off with the "Show required resources at
start" parameter in the analysis sequence settings. (An error
message will appear if the resources have already been allo­
cated or are missing.)

<OK>

Request: Sample size Appears when "Entry" = "Before" was selected in the "Sam­
ple" method function and the sample size = 0. Can be avoid­
ed by selected a "fixed" entry type.

<OK>

Add sample Can be switched off for the start via shortcut with the "Imme­
diate start" parameter during the creation or management of a
shortcut for the first sample.

<OK>

Dialog: Online

Request: Sample size For "Entry" = "Arbitary" parameter in the "Sample" method
function.

<OK>

Results This can be switched on or off via the "Show results after
analysis" parameter.
(Navigation: Setup > Global settings > Analysis and
resources behavior > Analysis sequence setting).

76 G20
 Analysis Sequences

<OK>

Homescreen / Analysis start

● Analysis sequence for an analysis with a titration stand of the type "Auto stand" or "Rondolino TTL":
<Start>

Dialog: Analysis start Can be switched off for the start via shortcut with the "Imme­
diate start" parameter during the creation or management of
a shortcut.

<Start>

Check: Resources Can be switched off with the "Show required resources at
start" parameter in the analysis sequence settings (Naviga­
tion: Setup > Global settings > Analysis and resources
behavior > Analysis sequence settings).

<OK>

Online Dialog

Results Can be switched off with the "Show results after analysis"
parameter in the analysis sequence settings (Navigation: Set­
up > Global settings > Analysis and resources behavior >
Analysis sequence settings).
Note:
At the end of a series, all results are listed. The display of this
list can be switched on or off via the "Show results after
analysis" parameter.

Homescreen / Analysis start

G20 77
Titrator Evaluation Procedure

8 Titrator Evaluation Procedure

The identification of equivalence point candidates within a defined recognition range can be done using
four different evaluation methods:
● Standard
● Minimum / Maximum
● Segmented
● Asymmetric
Which method you use for the evaluation will depend on the type of titration or the form of the resulting
titration curve. The procedure to be used is defined in the "Evaluation and recognition" method subfunc­
tion of the "Titration (EQP)".

8.1 Standard Evaluation Procedure

The titrator's standard evaluation procedure is based on the chemical model of a classic acid-base titra­
tion. In this model, the equivalence point of such a titration will be at the point of inflection of the S-
shaped titration curve and the curve will be symmetrical with regard to this inflection point.
E For the recognition of an inflection point using the stan­
dard procedure, the titrator will always look at one
group of measured values (a "measured value win­
dow"). It will examine whether an inflection point is
detectable for that group of measured values. This win­
dow will then be shifted along the curve by one mea­
(1) sured value and reexamined for points of inflection. The
system repeats this procedure until it detects no inflec­
tion point twice in a row. It then uses the inflection
points found to define the most suitable one as the final
inflection point of the titration.
V

(1) Inflection point

The standard evaluation procedure initially only identifies points of inflection. Criteria defined by the user
in the method can influence whether and when an inflection point is to be registered as an EQP candi­
date.
If so defined in the method, the following criteria will have to be fulfilled:
● The inflection point must lie within a recognition range.
● It must be above a threshold (refers to the first derivative).
● The titration curve must demonstrate a specified tendency in the area of the inflection point.
EQPs are only detected in the range of the measured curve which is the specified by the "Tendency" para­
meter (Positive, Negativ), refer to method function "Titration (EQP): Evaluation and Recognition".
If these criteria are fulfilled, the inflection point becomes an EQP candidate.
The additional EQP criteria can now be used to influence which EQP candidates are ultimately recognized
as equivalence points.
For the standard evaluation, the additional EQP criteria "Last EQP" and "Steepest jump" are available.
They can be selected individually for each defined recognition range.
These criteria can be defined in the "Evaluation and recognition" subfunction of the "Titration EQP"
method functions.

78 G20
 Titrator Evaluation Procedure

E [mV]

4 (EQP)

2 (EQP)

V [mL]
Theoretical example for the evaluation of a titration curve with five points of inflection

Explanation:
This titration curve shows five points of inflection (1 – 5).
Inflection points 1, 2 and 4 are recognized as EQP candidates, since only these points lie within the 2
recognition ranges while also fulfilling the "Tendency" and "Threshold" parameters.
The specified "Additional EQP criteria" then determine whether the EQP candidates are actually recog­
nized as EQP. These additional EQP criteria can be defined for every recognition range.
In the example shown above, the following were specified as additional EQP criteria:
Recognition Range 1: "Last EQP"
Recognition Range 2: "No"
Of the two EQP candidates found in Recognition Range 1, the system only identifies the second one as
an EQP due to the "Final jump" criterion. The first one remains merely an EQP candidate.
The termination criterion defined was that the titration should be terminated after the recognition of three
EQP candidates ("Termination after EQP" = "3"). In the above example the titration is terminated on
identification of the 4th turning point (3rd EQP candidate).

8.2 Minimum / Maximum

The result of this evaluation is the calculated minimum (maximum) of the measured titration points. The
classic example of a titration curve with a minimum is the photometrically indexed surfactant determina­
tion.
E
The minimum (maximum) is calculated using a poly­
nomial approximation of the titration curve in the range
of the minimum (maximum). The equivalence point
recognition is done directly from the titration curve
data.

8.3 Segmented evaluation

Various indication methods (including photometry, conductometry, and amperometry) generate titration
curves with linear or approximately linear sections (segmented curves). The titrator uses individual pro­
cedures to evaluate these curves. For a precise determination of the equivalence point, it is very impor­
tant that these curves have both linear segments and a clear bend.

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Titrator Evaluation Procedure

E Titration curve
The titration curve contains two more less linear seg­
ments and a bend between these two segments. The
evaluation of segmented curves is generally done with
the aid of the standard procedure for S-shaped curves,
with the system using as its evaluation basis not the
titration curve's measured points but the data calculat­
ed from them in the first derivative.
V
1. Derivative
∆E/ ∆V
The first derivative of a segmented curve is the first to
demonstrate the typical S shape. Its inflection point is
the titration's equivalence point.
2. Derivative
The threshold references the second derivative of the
titration curve. In other words, the equivalence point for
a defined threshold must be above this threshold num­
V
ber.
∆2E/ ∆V 2
EQPs are only detected in the range of the measured
curve which is the specified by the "Tendency" parame­
ter (Positive, Negativ), refer to method function "Titra­
tion (EQP): Evaluation and Recognition". Within the
segmented procedure the tendency refers to the 1.
derivative.

8.4 Asymmetric
For markedly asymmetrical curves, the standard procedure can result in a systematic error. The difference
between the true equivalence point and the point of inflection can be greater than the normally achievable
precision. For these cases, the titrator uses an evaluation that uses the Tubbs method.
This empirical approximation method is a procedure for the evaluation of asymmetrical, analog-regis­
tered titration curves. It can also be used for digitally recorded titration curves. The Tubbs procedure result
will be closer to the true equivalence point for some asymmetrical curves than the inflection point.
This evaluation procedure is based on the following considerations:
E Each of the two branches of the titration curve will have
a writable osculating circle with a minimal radius. The
M2 relationship between the two radii is determined by the
curve's asymmetry. The intersection of the connecting
lines between the circle center points M1 and M2 and
EQP the titration curve produces the desired equivalence
point. Theoretical calculations show that the true equiv­
M1 alence point for asymmetrical titration curves will
always lie between the inflection point and the branch
of the titration curve with the greater degree of curvature
(i.e. the smaller osculating circle).
V

The titrator uses a hyperbola to approximate those parts of the titration curve located in the area of the
greatest curvature. For each approximated hyperbola, the system determines the peak (the point with the
greatest curvature). The center points of the assigned smallest osculating circles are the focal points of
both hyperbolas. The intersection of the connection lines from the two focal points and the titration curve
produces the desired equivalence point, as shown above.

80 G20
 Titrator Evaluation Procedure

The evaluation requires at least six measured values in the area of the greatest curvature before and after
the titration curve's inflection point. If the course of the titration curve does not permit the inclusion of the
osculating circles, the titrator will use the standard procedure to calculate the equivalence point. You will
be notified of this in the record of the "raw results".
EQPs are only detected in the range of the measured curve which is the specified by the "Tendency"
parameter (Positive, Negativ), refer to method function "Titration (EQP): Evaluation and Recognition".

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Analysis Data

9 Analysis Data
The "Analysis data" include different types of data that can be used at various times during the planning
and execution of an analysis.
The system differentiates between the following types of analysis data:
Raw data Raw data are defined when you create a method or series. They
are automatically generated and stored during the analyses. Raw
data are always created for each analysis and cannot be influ­
enced by the user.
Method data All data for the method run.
Series data All data from the series run, such as e.g. the series ID and the
number of samples.
Sample data All data from the analyzed samples, such as e.g. the sample size,
sample density and sample ID.
Resource data Data for all resources used during the execution of an analysis (for
example, titrant, auxiliary instrument). The data for a resource are
copied from the setup at the time when it is used in an analysis.
Table of measured values Tables of measured values are created by some method functions
during an analysis and can be output in the record.
Raw results Raw results are data determined by the titrator during an analysis,
such as used titrant volumes and measured values.
The raw results can be converted into the actual analysis results in
the "Calculate" method function using the appropriate symbols and
formulas.
Some of the raw results are always produced automatically and
others are only generated when used within a calculation.
Results Results are the results of the conversions of raw results run within
the "Calculate" method function. The results of an analysis can be
influenced by the user.
Of these, the following can be used in calculations:
● Sample data (such as the sample size or the sample density)
● Resource data (e.g. mole quantity and equivalence quantity for a substance )
● Raw results (e.g. blank)
● Results (the results of a calculation can then be used in a subsequent calculation).

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 Calculation and Results

10 Calculation and Results

The method functions "Titration (EP)" and "Titration (EP)", Measure (normal) and Dispense provide their
own raw results within a method. These raw results are saved by the titrator in the order in which the
generating method functions are processed within the method.
Example: Sequence of the calculations in the method, generating two results
Method function Result
Title
Sample
Titration stand
Stir
Titration (EQP)
Calculation R1
Calculation* R2
End of sample
*: Allowed are a maximum of two "Calculation" method functions, which can either be inserted within a

loop as well as outside of a loop.

The definitions to the parameters you can determine in the "Calculation" method function are available
in "Methods: Method functions > Calculation"

10.1 Symbols for calculations

Inside the "Calculation" method function, you can access certain analysis data (Raw results, Results,
Resource data and Sample data) via the different symbols. The following is a list of the symbols used for
the G20. The list also contains additional symbols which are used in the records:
Symbol Meaning
VEQ (=V) Titrant consumption in [ml] up to the end point or equivalence point.
For multiple equivalence points, the consumption is calculated from the
previous equivalence point.
VEND Titrant volume in [ml] used up to the end of a titration method function,
including pretitration.
VENDDi The total titrant volume used during a dispensing method function in
[ml].
VEX The excess of titrant (i.e. excess in ml after EQP or EP) added after
reaching the end point or equivalence point.
QEQ (=Q) Substance quantity in [mmol] used up to the end point or equivalence
point.
QEND The total substance quantity in [mmol] used up to the end of a titration
method function.
QENDDi The total substance quantity in [mmol] used during a dispensing
method function.
QEX The excess of titrant added after reaching the end point or equivalence
point, i.e. mmol excess after EQP or EP.
QE(H[AuxValue]) Consumption up to the auxiliary value in [mmol].
E The measured potential of a method function "Measure (normal)" in
[mV, pH...].
C Gives the nominal concentration in [mol/L] of the titrant being used.
pw(-E) The ionic concentration in [mol/L], [E=pH, pX, pM].
t Duration of the titration in [min].
tDi Dispensing time in [min].
tMe The duration of a measurement in [min].

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Calculation and Results

Symbol Meaning
ESTMe Initial potential for an analysis with the "Measure (normal)" method
function.
EEQ The potential at the end point or equivalence point of a titration method
function.
EHNV The potential at VEQ/2 of a titration method function (not for titration
(EP)).
EPD The measured potential after the waiting period for predispensing during
a titration method function.
T The measured temperature in a method function "Measure (normal)"
(direct measurement with temperature sensor or concomitant tempera­
ture acquisition) in [°C], [K], [°F].
M Stands for the molecular weight of a substance (as stored in the setup).
z Stands for the equivalent number of a substance (as stored in the set­
up).
B[Blank] A blank.
m Stands for the sample size [g, ml, pcs].
d Stands for the density of a sample or a standards [g/ml].
wp Stands for the weight per piece (can be changed under "Sample") [g].
p Stands for the purity of a fixed titer standard [%].
cst Stands for the concentration of a liquid titer standard [mol/L].
Rx A result x.
C Stands for a constant that uniquely belongs to the result Rx. This means
it can not be used for the calculation of other results.
For information on using Constant C, refer to "Results: results proposal
lists".
Mean[Rx] The mean value of a result Rx.
nEQ Stands for the number of equivalent points for the Titration (EQP, Lern
EQP) method function.

10.2 Calculation formulas

Calculation formulas are used in the "Calculate" method function.
One typical example for a formula within the "Calculation" method function would be the expression
R=VEQ. In this case, the consumed volume of titrant up to the point at which the end point is reached is
assigned to R. All the symbols can be used for analysis data in relations like this. The analysis data to be
used must be generated by the method before the "Calculate" method function.
Auxiliary values and blanks defined in the setup can generally be used in formulas in the same manner
as symbols. The general form for an auxiliary value is: H[Name] (as defined in the setup).

10.3 Results
The Results dialog can be accessed directly from Homescreen using the relevant button.
● The system only saves the results from the last analysis (series or individual sample).
● When you start a new analysis, you will lose the results from the previous analysis.
● You can see the results immediately after they are generated.
You can use the various buttons in the "Results" dialog to access different functions. You can, for exam­
ple,
● view all results of the last analysis
● view statistics, perform an outlier test and if necessary, exclude samples from the statistics.

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 Calculation and Results

● perform recalculations for results in which certain raw data (e.g. sample sizes) have to be adapted
retrospectively for a single sample or for all samples in a series.
● view and print the status and the calculated results of each individual sample.
Results are retained until new results are generated by methods. The results of the "older" of the two
sample series are replaced.
All the changes performed on the saved results can be reversed with the "Undo changes" button.
Changes to results are indicated by an asterisk in the record. Example: VEQ*.

All results
You can use the All Results button to view the results of the last analysis and print them if a printer is
connected to the titrator (see "Printer").
From the Results dialog, you also have the following additional options:
● Samples View or print the results of an individual sample or exclude the entire sample (see "Results:
Samples")
● Statistics Switch to the "Statistics" dialog (see "Results: Statistics")

Delete all results

You can use this button to delete all the data (raw data, raw results, and results) saved by the titrator in
the results range.
Undo changes
If you make changes to the results saved by the titrator after the analysis, you can use Undo changes to
discard them. Afterward, the system will reinstate the initial status directly after the conclusion of the
analysis, in its original and unchanged state.
Statistics
For results within a sample loop, you can display and print out statistics.
The statistics are only created if more than one sample was analyzed in the corresponding loop.

The following calculated values will be displayed as statistical components:

● Mean value x of a result Rx (Mean [Rx])
● Standard deviation s
● Relative standard deviation srel
● Number of samples per loop nTOT
If a result was excluded from the statistics, all the results from that sample will always be excluded as
well. The system will then recalculate the statistics without the excluded sample and label them accord­
ingly. If the sample's results are then put back into the statistical evaluation, the label will be removed
from the statistics.
From the Statistics dialog, you also have the following additional options:
● Samples View, print, or exclude the results of an individual sample (see "Samples")
● Results View or print all results (see "All Results")
● Outlier test Perform a test for outliers in the statistical evaluation.

Samples
You can use the Samples button to display and print the status and calculated results for each individual
sample. The same applies for a series of additional data sets that can be accessed via "Data". This will
let you view and print the sample, method and resource data for each sample and view and print the
raw results and the measured values.

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Calculation and Results

You can use the Exclude button in the Results: Samples dialog to exclude individual samples from the
statistical evaluation. The system will not delete the results of the samples excluded in this way but mere­
ly label them as excluded. They will no longer be included in the statistics. Samples that have been
excluded can be returned to the statistics at any time by choosing "Include".
After a sample is excluded, all affected calculations (inside and outside of loops) are performed again.
Outlier test
If the results of individual samples in a measurement series deviate greatly from the calculated mean val­
ue, it may make sense to question the significance of these (few) results and treat them as "outliers".
Outliers will have the following effects on the overall result of an analysis:
● The mean value is significantly shifted higher or lower.
● The standard deviation is increased.
● The distribution of the individual values around the mean value is distorted and no longer follows a
normal distribution.
The titrator has an automatic function for identifying and labeling outliers. You can call this function from
the Statistics dialog using the "Outlier test" softkey.
You can run an outlier test if you have the results from more than three samples.

The procedure used by the titrator is the Grubbs outlier test. For this procedure, the measured value [x*]
that has the greatest deviation from the calculated mean value is analyzed.This number is used in the fol­
lowing equation, together with the mean value [x] and the standard deviation [s]:

x* - x
PG =
s
The test variable [PG] is then compared with the corresponding value in the Grubbs table G (N, 90%),
which in turn depends on the number of measured values N:

N (number of samples) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
90 % - - 1.15 1.46 1.67 1.82 1.94 2.03 2.11 2.18
N (number of samples) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
90 % 2.23 2.29 2.33 2.37 2.41 2.44 2.48 2.5 2.53 2.56
N (number of samples) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
90 % 2.58 2.6 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.67 2.69 2.7 2.72 2.74
N (number of samples) 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
90 % 2.75 2.77 2.78 2.79 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.84 2.86 2.87
N (number of samples) 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
90 % 2.88 2.89 2.9 2.91 2.92 2.92 2.93 2.94 2.95 2.96
N (number of samples) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
90 % 2.97 2.97 2.98 2.99 3 3 3.01 3.02 3.02 3.03
N (number of samples) 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
90 % 3.03 3.04 3.04 3.05 3.05 3.06 3.06 3.07 3.07 3.08
N (number of samples) 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
90 % 3.08 3.08 3.09 3.09 3.1 3.1 3.11 3.11 3.12 3.12
N (number of samples) 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

86 G20
 Calculation and Results

90 % 3.12 3.13 3.13 3.14 3.14 3.15 3.15 3.16 3.16 3.17
N (number of samples) 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
90 % 3.17 3.17 3.18 3.18 3.19 3.19 3.2 3.2 3.21 3.21
N (number of samples) 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
90 % 3.21 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.23 3.24 3.24
N (number of samples) 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
90 % 3.24 3.22 3.25 3.25 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.27 3.27

If the calculated test variable PG is greater than the corresponding value taken from the table, the mea­
sured value x* is identified as an outlier and marked accordingly.
After an outlier has been identified, the test is repeated with the remaining measured values (without the
already identified outlier) using the newly calculated mean value and new standard deviation. This
process is repeated continually until no further outlier can be identified.
It is then the user's responsibility to exclude any identified outliers from the statistics. After confirmation,
the entire sample is excluded and the statistics are recalculated without the identified and excluded out­
liers.

10.4 Results proposal lists

Proposal list
In the "Calculation" dialog window (see "Methods: Method functions > Calculation"), using the Results
proposals button, specified results with unit, formula and Constant can be selected.
Proposal lists for the "Sample" and "Sample (Titer)" method functions are dependent on the "Entry type"
parameter. When the "Entry type" is modified, a validation is immediately carried out to determine
whether the selected calculation exists in the corresponding entry type.
Result type: Predefined
After selecting a result from the proposal list, the "Result unit", "Formula" and "Constant" fields are auto­
matically populated and can not be modified. Result, Result unit and the entry type selected in the "Sam­
ple" method function are used to determine the formula.
Result type: User defined
If the parameter "Result type=User defined" is selected, you can modify the "Result", "Result unit" and
"Constant" fields; though not the formula.
The mode "User defined" only offers empty proposal lists. A result can only be selected in Predefined
mode. If you switch this to "User defined", a number can be entered for "Constant C =".
The proposal lists inside and outside a loop are different. Inside a loop and for the "Result
type=Predefined", the calculation type can also be selected ("Direct titration", "Back titration", "Blank-
compensated", "Others").
An auxiliary value exists in the setup. This can not be deleted, nor can addition auxiliary values be creat­
ed. The name of the auxiliary value is fixed.
The different proposal lists are displayed as follows:

10.4.1 Results proposal list inside loop

10.4.1.1 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Direct titration"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1

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Calculation and Results

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=

according to entry
type
Consumption ml/g g VEQ/m C=1
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g Q*C/m C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C = 1/z
mmol/g pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
Content g/L g: m/d Q*C/m C = M/z
mg/L ml C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

10.4.1.2 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Automatic back titration"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g R = (QENDDi-Q)*C/m C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C = 1/z
mmol/g
pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
Content g/L g: m/d R = (QENDDi-Q)*C/m C = M/z
mg/L ml C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

88 G20
 Calculation and Results

10.4.1.3 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Manual back titration"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g R = (H[AuxValue] –Q) * C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C/m C = 1/z
mmol/g
pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
Content g/L g: m/d R = (H[AuxValue]–Q) * C = M/z
mg/L ml C/m C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

10.4.1.4 Proposal list for "Calculation type= Blank-compensated"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g R = (Q–B[Blank]) * C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C/m C = 1/z
mmol/g
pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
mg KOH/g R = (QE(H[AuxValue])- C = M/z
B[Blank]) * C/m
Bromine No. g/100g R = (QEND- C = M/(10*z)
B[Blank])*C/m
Content g/L g: m/d R = (Q–B[Blank]) * C = M/z
mg/L ml C/m C = M*1000/z

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Calculation and Results

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=

according to entry
type
Content mol/L R = (Q–B[Blank]) * C = 1/z
eq/L C/m C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

10.4.1.5 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Others"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Potential mV -- E C=1
pH pH
Ion conc. pX
pM
ppm
Absorption A
Transmission %T
Current μA
Temperature °C -- T C=1
K
°F
Ion conc. mmol/L -- pw(-E)*1000 C=1
mol/L -- pw(-E)
For Calibration, the results proposals for "Calculation type=Others" also apply.

10.4.1.6 Proposal List for the Method type "Titer"

Result Unit Replacing Formula R= Constant C=
"m"
Titer -- g m/(VEQ*c*C) C = M/(10*p*z)
-- mL C = 1/(cst*z)
-- g C = d/(cst*z)

10.4.2 Results proposal list outside loop

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Mean value -- -- Mean[R1] C=1
Mean value -- -- Mean[R2] C=1

90 G20
 Appendix

11 Appendix

11.1 Predefined calibration standards for pH sensors

METTLER TOLEDO METTLER TOLEDO DIN (19266) DIN (19267) (Ref. MERCK (Ref.
EU (Ref. 25°C) USA (Ref. 25°C) /NIST (Ref. 25°C) 25°C) 20°C)
2.00 1.68 1.680 1.09 1.00
4.01 4.01 3.557 3.06 2.00
4.60 7.00 3.775 4.65 3.00
7.00 10.01 4.008 6.79 4.00
9.21 6.865 9.23 4.66
10.00 7.416 12.75 5.00
11.00 9.184 6.00
10.014 6.88
12.454 7.00
8.00
9.00
9.22
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00

11.1.1 Temperature related values

11.1.1.1 METTLER TOLEDO

METTLER TOLEDO EU (Ref. 25°C)

Tempera­ pH
ture
[°C]
0 2.03 4.01 4.66 7.12 9.52 10.65 11.90
5 2.02 4.01 4.65 7.09 9.45 10.52 11.72
10 2.01 4.00 4.64 7.06 9.38 10.39 11.54
15 2.00 4.00 4.63 7.04 9.32 10.26 11.36
20 2.00 4.00 4.62 7.02 9.26 10.13 11.18
25 2.00 4.01 4.60 7.00 9.21 10.00 11.00
30 1.99 4.01 4.61 6.99 9.16 9.87 10.82
35 1.99 4.02 4.62 6.98 9.11 9.74 10.64
40 1.98 4.03 4.63 6.97 9.06 9.61 10.46
45 1.98 4.04 4.64 6.97 9.03 9.48 10.28
50 1.98 4.06 4.66 6.97 8.99 9.35 10.10
55 1.98 4.08 4.67 6.98 8.96 9.22 9.92
60 1.98 4.10 4.69 6.98 8.93 9.09 9.74
70 1.99 4.16 4.71 7.00 8.88 8.96 9.56
80 2.00 4.22 4.73 7.04 8.83 8.83 9.38
90 2.00 4.30 4.75 7.09 8.79 8.70 9.20
95 2.00 4.35 4.77 7.12 8.77 8.57 9.02

G20 91
Appendix

METTLER TOLEDO USA (Ref. 25°C)

Temperature pH
[°C]
5 1.67 4.01 7.09 10.25
10 1.67 4.00 7.06 10.18
15 1.67 4.00 7.04 10.12
20 1.68 4.00 7.02 10.06
25 1.68 4.01 7.00 10.01
30 1.68 4.01 6.99 9.97
35 1.69 4.02 6.98 9.93
40 1.69 4.03 6.97 9.89
45 1.70 4.04 6.97 9.86
50 1.71 4.06 6.97 9.83

11.1.1.2 DIN / NIST

DIN (19266) / NIST (Ref. 25°C)

Temper­ pH
ature
[°C]
0 1.666 3.577 3.863 4.010 6.984 7.534 9.464 10.317 13.423
5 1.668 3.573 3.837 4.004 6.950 7.502 9.392 10.248 13.207
10 1.670 3.569 3.819 4.001 6.922 7.474 9.331 10.180 13.003
15 1.672 3.565 3.801 4.001 6.900 7.451 9.277 10.121 12.810
20 1.676 3.561 3.787 4.003 6.880 7.432 9.228 10.066 12.627
25 1.680 3.557 3.775 4.008 6.865 7.416 9.184 10.014 12.454
30 1.685 3.553 3.766 4.015 6.853 7.405 9.144 9.970 12.289
35 1.691 3.549 3.759 4.026 6.845 7.396 9.110 9.928 12.133
40 1.697 3.549 3.754 4.036 6.837 7.389 9.076 9.892 11.984
45 1.704 3.544 3.751 4.049 6.834 7.386 9.046 9.856 11.841
50 1.712 3.548 3.748 4.064 6.833 7.384 9.018 9.830 11.705
55 1.715 3.554 3.750 4.075 6.834 7.382 8.985 9.804 11.574
60 1.723 3.560 3.753 4.091 6.836 7.380 8.962 9.778 11.449
70 1.743 3.580 3.763 4.126 6.845 7.378 8.921 9.752 11.324
80 1.766 3.609 3.780 4.164 6.859 7.376 8.885 9.726 11.199
90 1.792 3.650 3.802 4.205 6.877 7.374 8.850 9.700 11.074
95 1.806 3.674 3.815 4.227 6.886 7.372 8.833 9.674 10.949
DIN (19267) (Ref. 25°C)
Temperature pH
[°C]
0 1.08 3.12 4.67 6.89 9.48 13.89
5 1.08 3.11 4.67 6.87 9.43 13.63
10 1.09 3.10 4.66 6.84 9.37 13.37
15 1.09 3.09 4.66 6.82 9.32 13.16
20 1.09 3.07 4.65 6.80 9.27 12.96
25 1.09 3.06 4.65 6.79 9.23 12.75
30 1.10 3.05 4.65 6.78 9.18 12.61
35 1.10 3.05 4.65 6.77 9.13 12.45
40 1.10 3.04 4.66 6.76 9.09 12.29
45 1.10 3.04 4.67 6.76 9.04 12.09
50 1.11 3.04 4.68 6.76 9.00 11.98

92 G20
 Appendix

60 1.11 3.04 4.70 6.76 8.92 11.69

70 1.11 3.04 4.72 6.76 8.88 11.43
80 1.12 3.05 4.75 6.78 8.85 11.19
90 1.13 3.07 4.79 6.80 8.82 10.99

11.1.1.3 MERCK

MERCK (Ref. 20°C)

Temper­ pH
ature
[°C]
0 0.96 2.01 3.05 4.05 4.68 5.06 6.04 6.98
5 0.99 2.01 3.05 4.04 4.68 5.05 6.02 6.95
10 0.99 2.01 3.03 4.02 4.67 5.02 6.01 6.92
15 0.99 2.00 3.01 4.01 4.67 5.01 6.00 6.90
20 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 4.66 5.00 6.00 6.88
25 1.01 2.00 3.00 4.01 4.66 5.00 6.02 6.86
30 1.01 2.00 3.00 4.01 4.66 5.00 6.03 6.86
35 1.01 2.00 3.00 4.01 4.66 5.00 6.03 6.85
40 1.01 2.00 2.98 4.01 4.67 5.00 6.04 6.84
45 1.01 2.00 2.98 4.01 4.67 5.01 6.05 6.84
50 1.01 2.00 2.97 4.00 4.68 5.01 6.06 6.84
60 1.02 2.00 2.97 4.00 4.69 5.04 6.10 6.84
70 1.02 2.01 2.97 4.00 4.70 5.05 6.12 6.84
80 1.02 2.01 2.97 4.00 4.71 5.10 6.17 6.86
90 1.02 2.01 2.96 4.00 4.72 5.14 6.24 6.88
MERCK (Ref. 20°C) (continued)
Tempera­ pH
ture
[°C]
0 7.13 8.15 9.24 9.46 10.26 11.45 12.58 13.80
5 7.07 8.10 9.16 9.40 10.17 11.32 12.41 13.59
10 7.05 8.07 9.11 9.33 10.11 11.20 12.26 13.37
15 7.02 8.04 9.05 9.28 10.05 11.10 12.10 13.18
20 7.00 8.00 9.00 9.22 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
25 6.98 7.96 8.95 9.18 9.94 10.90 11.88 12.83
30 6.98 7.94 8.91 9.14 9.89 10.81 11.72 12.67
35 6.96 7.92 8.88 9.10 9.84 10.72 11.67 12.59
40 6.95 7.90 8.85 9.07 9.83 10.64 11.54 12.41
45 6.95 7.88 8.82 9.04 9.79 10.56 11.44 12.28
50 6.95 7.85 8.79 9.01 9.74 10.48 11.33 12.15
60 6.96 7.83 8.73 8.96 9.67 10.33 11.04 11.75
70 6.96 7.80 8.70 8.93 9.62 10.19 10.90 11.61
80 6.97 7.78 8.66 8.89 9.55 10.06 10.70 11.39
90 7.00 7.75 8.64 8.85 9.49 9.93 10.48 11.15

G20 93
Appendix

11.1.1.4 FLUKA

FLUKA (Ref. 20°C)

Temperature pH

[°C]
0 0.94 1.99 3.03 4.03 5.05 6.03
10 0.99 1.99 3.02 4.02 5.02 6.01
20 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
30 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.02
40 1.01 2.00 2.99 4.00 5.00 6.04
50 1.01 2.00 2.98 4.00 5.02 6.06
60 1.01 2.00 2.98 4.00 5.04 6.09
70 1.01 2.00 2.98 4.00 5.07 6.13
80 1.02 2.00 2.98 4.00 5.10 6.18
90 1.02 2.00 2.97 4.00 5.13 6.24
FLUKA (Ref. 20°C) (continued)
Tempera­ pH
ture
[°C]
0 7.13 8.18 9.24 10.24 11.45 12.58 13.71
10 7.05 8.09 9.11 10.10 11.20 12.26 13.35
20 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
30 6.98 7.94 8.93 9.90 10.81 11.75 12.66
40 6.97 7.90 8.86 9.82 10.64 11.53 12.37
50 6.96 7.86 8.80 9.75 10.48 11.31 12.10
60 6.96 7.82 8.75 9.68 10.33 11.09 11.84
70 6.97 7.80 8.71 9.62 10.19 10.88 11.61
80 6.98 7.77 8.67 9.55 10.06 10.68 11.40
90 7.00 7.75 8.64 9.49 9.93 10.48 11.20
NOVARTIS (FLUKA) (Ref. 20°C)
Temperature pH
[°C]
0 4.01 7.11 9.20
5 4.00 7.08 9.15
10 4.00 7.05 9.10
15 4.00 7.02 9.05
20 4.00 7.00 9.00
25 4.01 6.98 8.96
30 4.01 6.97 8.91
35 4.02 6.96 8.88
40 4.03 6.95 8.84
45 4.04 6.94 8.80
50 4.06 6.94 8.77
55 4.07 6.93 8.74
60 4.09 6.93 8.71
65 4.11 6.93 8.69
70 4.13 6.94 8.67
75 4.14 6.94 8.65
80 4.16 6.95 8.63
85 4.18 6.96 8.61

94 G20
 Appendix

90 4.21 6.97 8.60

95 4.23 6.98 8.59

11.1.1.5 FISCHER

FISHER (Ref. 25°C)

Temper­ pH
ature
[°C]
0 - - - 4.01 5.05 6.07 7.13 8.15 9.166 10.34 11.80
5 0.95 1.98 2.98 3.99 5.04 6.05 7.10 8.13 9.126 10.26 11.69
10 0.98 1.98 2.97 4.00 5.03 6.06 7.07 8.08 9.089 10.19 11.46
15 1.01 2.02 3.00 3.99 4.99 6.05 7.05 8.01 9.055 10.12 11.31
20 1.01 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.02 8.00 9.022 10.06 11.17
25 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 8.991 10.00 11.00
30 1.02 2.00 3.02 4.01 5.01 5.99 6.99 8.00 8.961 9.94 10.88
35 1.03 2.02 3.03 4.02 5.01 5.98 6.98 7.95 8.930 9.90 10.76
40 1.02 2.01 3.03 4.03 5.04 5.97 6.97 7.94 8.902 9.85 10.62
45 1.03 2.01 3.04 4.04 5.06 5.97 6.97 7.94 8.874 9.81 10.52
50 1.03 2.01 3.04 4.06 5.08 5.96 6.97 7.93 8.845 9.78 10.41
55 4.07 6.97 8.815 9.74
60 4.09 6.98 8.784 9.70
65 4.11 6.99 9.68
70 4.13 7.00 9.65
75 4.14 7.02 9.63
80 4.16 7.03 9.62
85 4.18 7.06 9.61
90 4.21 7.08 9.60
95 4.23 7.11 9.60

11.1.1.6 JIS / JJG

JIS Z 8802 (Ref. 25°C)

Temperature pH
[°C]
0 1.666 4.003 6.984 7.534 9.464 10.32
5 1.668 3.999 6.951 7.500 9.395 10.24
10 1.670 3.998 6.923 7.472 9.332 10.18
15 1.672 3.999 6.900 7.448 9.276 10.12
20 1.675 4.002 6.881 7.429 9.225 10.06
25 1.679 4.008 6.865 7.413 9.180 10.01
30 1.683 4.015 6.853 7.400 9.139 9.97
35 1.688 4.024 6.844 7.389 9.102 9.92
40 1.694 4.035 6.838 7.380 9.068 9.89
45 1.700 4.047 6.834 7.373 9.038 9.86
50 1.707 4.060 6.833 7.367 9.011 9.83
55 1.715 4.075 6.834 7.361 8.985 9.80
60 1.723 4.091 6.836 7.355 8.962 9.77
70 1.743 4.126 6.845 7.349 8.921 9.74
80 1.766 4.164 6.859 7.343 8.885 9.71
90 1.792 4.205 6.877 7.337 8.850 9.68
95 1.806 4.227 6.886 7.331 8.833 9.65

G20 95
Appendix

JJG119 (Ref. 25°C)

Tempera­ pH
ture
[°C]
0 1.668 3.599 4.006 6.981 7.515 9.458 13.416
5 1.669 3.591 3.999 6.949 7.490 9.391 13.210
10 1.671 3.583 3.996 6.921 7.467 9.330 13.011
15 1.673 3.575 3.996 6.898 7.445 9.276 12.820
20 1.676 3.567 3.998 6.879 7.426 9.226 12.637
25 1.680 3.559 4.003 6.864 7.409 9.182 12.460
30 1.684 3.551 4.010 6.852 7.395 9.142 12.292
35 1.688 3.547 4.019 6.844 7.386 9.105 12.130
40 1.694 3.547 4.029 6.838 7.380 9.072 11.975
45 1.700 3.550 4.042 6.834 7.379 9.042 11.828
50 1.706 3.555 4.055 6.833 7.383 9.015 11.697
55 1.713 3.563 4.070 6.834 7.387 8.990 11.553
60 1.721 3.573 4.087 6.837 7.391 8.968 11.426
70 1.739 3.596 4.122 6.847 7.399 8.926 11.172
80 1.759 3.622 4.161 6.862 7.407 8.890 10.918
90 1.782 3.648 4.203 6.881 7.415 8.856 10.664
95 1.795 3.660 4.224 6.891 7.419 8.839 10.537

96 G20
 Subject index

12 Subject index
2
24V Output 24

A
All Results 85
Analysis and Resources Behavior
Analysis Sequence Settings 28
Resource Behavior 29
Analysis data 82
Analysis Sequence 75
Analysis, starting 74
Application Modes 59
Asymmetric evaluation procedure 80
Auxiliary instruments 24
Auxiliary instruments, manual operations 37
Auxiliary reagents 13
Auxiliary values 30

B
Beep 26
Blank value 30
Board data 32
Board firmware 31
Burettes 32

C
Calculations
Results 83
Calibration
starting 74
Calibration standards 13
Chemicals
Calibration standards 13
Substances 15
Titer standards 15
Titrant 12-13
Configuring a balance
More 22
Control band 18
Control Type
24V Output 68
Input TTL (Single Pin) 69
Out TTL (Single Pin) 68
RS-232 69
Stirrer 68
Curve progression
Minimum / Maximum 79

G20 97
Subject index

D
Data storage 27
Date and time 27
Deleting results 85
Dispensing 40
Drives 32

E
Emergency stop (reset) 8
End-Point Titration 60
Equivalence-Point Titration 56
Evaluation and Calculation 82
Evaluation procedure
asymetric 80
Introduction 78

F
Firmware History 31

G
Global settings
Analysis and Resources Behavior 28
System 27
User Management 28

H
Hardware
Peripherals 21
Sensors 16
Home 8

I
Identification, titrator 27
Import/Export, data 30
Info button 8
Input TTL (Single Pin) 25
Interrupt Analysis
Titrator 47
User 47
Ion Selective Sensors 18
ISE Sensors 18

K
Keyboard layout
Define 27

L
Language, setting 25-26
Layout of terminal 8
Learn Titration (EQP) 62
Linear Calibration 19
Loop

98 G20
 Subject index

Insertion and Deletion 48

Types and numbers 48

M
Manual operations
Auxiliary instruments 37
Burette 39
Pump 34
Sensor 34
Stirrer 33
Manual Titration 41
Measure (Normal) 53
Method
Delete 46
Start 46
Method editor 43
Method functions
Maximum number 49
Parameters 49
Within Loop 70
Method functions, parameters
Auxiliary Instrument 68
Blank Value 67
Calculation 63
Calibration 65
Dispense (Normal) 53
Drain 70
End of Sample 65
Measure (Normal) 53
Pump 52
Record 64
Sample 50
Sample (Calibration) 51
Sample (Titer) 51
Stir 53
Titer 65
Titration (EP) 60
Titration (EQP) 56
Titration (LearnEQP) 62
Titration Stand 52
Method ID 43
Method syntax 48
Method Templates 45
Method Types 43
Methods
Creating 44
Modify 46
Subfunctions 53
Suspend 47
METTLER TOLEDO Methods 44
Minimum / Maximum

G20 99
Subject index

Curve progression 79
mV Sensors 17

O
Online Dialog 10
Out TTL (Single Pin) 25
Outlier test 86
Overview
Method functions 49

P
PC Settings 23
Peripherals
Balances 22
USB Stick 22
pH Sensor 17
pH sensor test 66, 74
Phototrode 17
Plug and Play Sensors
Setup 16
Polarized Sensor
Measure With 36
Preloaded Methods 43
Printer
Peripherals 22
USB Printer 22
Pump and Stirrer Detection 29
Pump, manual operations 34
Pumps 21

R
Reset button 8
Reset to factory settings 31
Resource Behavior 29
Result type
Predefined 87
User defined 87
Results proposals 87
Results, deleting 85
Rinse Burette 39
Rinse Multiple Burettes 40
RS-232 25

S
Sample 50
Sample Loops 48
Sample parameters 72
Sample Results 85
Sample, Titer, Calibration
Loops 43
Sartorius balances 22
Screen, setting 26

100 G20
 Subject index

Segmented
Evaluation procedure 79
Segmented evaluation procedure 79
Sensor
pH Sensor test 20
Potentiometric 35
Sensor calibration
Setup 18
Sensor Calibration
Linear Calibration 19
Segmented Calibration 20
Sensor test
Method function: Calibration 66
Method functions 66
Method funktion 20
MF Calibration 66
Setup 18, 20
starting 74
Sensors
Configure 16
Sensors, manual operations 34
Series templates 72
Service & Maintenance
Board data 32
Board firmware 31
Burettes 32
Data Import/Export 30
Drives 32
Reset to factory settings 31
Terminal 32
Titrator Firmware History 31
Update 32
Setup menu 12, 12
Shortcuts 9, 26
Sorting lists 9
Standard evaluation procedure 78
Start analysis 10
Starting analysis 75
Statistics 85
Stirrer 33
Stirrer (0-18V Output) 25
Subfunctions
Methods 53
Substances 15
Suspending options 11
Symbols for calculations 83
System settings 27

T
Temperature Sensor
Measure With 35

G20 101
Subject index

Template
Methods 49
Time and date 27
Title, parameters 50
Titrant 12-13
Titration (EP) 60
Titration (LearnEQP) 62
Titration stands 24
Titrator identification 27
Touchscreen operations 8

U
Undo Changes 85
Updating 32
USB Compact Printer 22
USB Stick, configuring 22
User Interface 8, 9
User settings
Keyboards 27
Language 25-26
Screen 26
Shortcuts 26

V
Value ranges
Control band 18
Sensors 18
Values
Auxiliary values 30
Blank 30

102 G20
 Subject to technical changes.

© Mettler-Toledo AG 2009 51710727 0909/2.12 Printed in Switzerland

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