CHIYODA SINGAPORE (PTE) LIMITED

1.0 GENERAL NOTES

1.1. Scope

This document presents the calculation details a 1500mm diameter Manhole. Manhole maximum heigh
6000mm.

1.2. APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

ACI 318 -11 Building Code Requirements for Structura

UBC Uniform Building Code 1997
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materia

1.3. REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS

QCS 2014 Qatar Construction Specification

1.4. Computer Software and Design Tools

STAAD-Pro V8i Structural Analysis And Design software
MS Excel Spreadsheet

1.5. Material Properties

Concrete
Design Concrete Compressive Strength (C40) : f'c = 31 N/mm²
Concrete Unit Weight : γc = 24 kN/m³
Reinforcing Steel
Yield strength of reinforcing steel : fyk = 500 N/mm2
Reinforcing steel Modulus of Elasticity : Es = 200000 N/mm2
Soil
Elastic Ground Modulus : Kz = 40000 kN/m³
Soil Bearing Capacity : SBC = 400 kN/m2
Soil Friction Coefficient : ɸ= 30 deg
Unit Weight of Soil : γs = 21 kN/m³
Unit Weight of Water : γw = 10 kN/m³

1.5. Design Considerations

Manhole raft and wall are to be constructed with structural plain concrete (C40). Strength a
Stability checks shall be performed considering the provisions stated in ACI318M Chapter 2

Requirements for Structural Plain Concrete desin shall asuume an uncracked section there
design verification for crack width is irrelevant.

Design compressive strength of concrete is calculated as per the provisions stated in

ACI-318M Table 5.3.2.2 for f'c > 35MPa:
 f'cr = 1.10f'c + 5.0 where f'cr = 40 Mpa (for C40 Concre
f'c = (f'cr - 5.0) / 1.10
f'c = 31.82 say 31 Mpa (conservative)

2.0 GEOMETRICAL DETAILS OF MANHOLE

SECTION DETAILS
Wall thickness:
Raft thickness:
Depth:
Inside Diameter:
Top Slab thickness:
Road Paving thickness:
Concrete thickening:

Slab Cover Area:

Area Inside:
3.0 STAAD 3D MODEL

4.0 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

For Walls:
Element Dimensions:

a X
Y

b
 a= 300 mm
b= 270 mm

5.0 LOAD CALCULATION

SUPER-IMPOSED LOADS
Manhole Self Weight (Psw)
Self weight is calculated automatically by STAAD
Additional load of 550mm thick of concrete to accommodate concrete thickened slope inside manhole
Top Slab Weight (Ptop)
Ptop = ts x γc
Ptop= 6.00 kPa
Road Paving Weight (Ppave)
Considering concrete pavement (conservative)
Ppave = tp x γc
Ppave = 10.80 kPa
BOUYANT FORCE (Puplift)
Puplift = (H + tr + ts + tp) x γw
Puplift = 72.00 kPa
Vehicle Live Load (PLL)
Expected heaviest vehicle to pass the road is HB45 Truck
Wheel Load = 2.5kN x 45 = 112.5 kN
PLL = Wheel Load / Aslab
PLL = 35.81 kPa
LATERAL LOADS ON MANHOLE WALLS
Soil Pressure (Fsoil):
Fsoil = (Ko) x Soil Unit Weight (Ɣs) x (H)
Ko = 1-sinɸ where ɸ = 30
Ko = 0.5
Ɣs = 21 kN/m3
Finite Element Plate Height = 0.3 m

Soil Pressure (Fsoil)

Elevation (m) Fsoil (kN/m2)
6.000 63.000
5.700 59.850
5.400 56.700
5.100 53.550
4.800 50.400
4.500 47.250
4.200 44.100
3.900 40.950
3.600 37.800
3.300 34.650
3.000 31.500
2.700 28.350
2.400 25.200
2.100 22.050
1.800 18.900
1.500 15.750
1.200 12.600
0.900 9.450
0.600 6.300
0.300 3.150

Groundwater Pressure (Fgw):

Fgw = Groundwater Unit Weight (Ɣw) x (Hw)
Ɣw = 10 KN/m3
Finite Element Plate Height = 0.3 m

Groundwater Pressure (Fgw)

(Assumed that water table is on ground level for conservative design)
Elevation (m) (kN/m2)
6.000 60.000
5.700 57.000
5.400 54.000
5.100 51.000
4.800 48.000
4.500 45.000
4.200 42.000
3.900 39.000
3.600 36.000
3.300 33.000
3.000 30.000
2.700 27.000
 2.400 24.000
2.100 21.000
1.800 18.000
1.500 15.000
1.200 12.000
0.900 9.000
0.600 6.000
0.300 3.000

Active Road Surcharge (Frs):

Given Active Road Surcharge is 20kPa
Frs = Ko x Active Road Surcharge x H
Ko = 1-sinɸ where ɸ = 30
Ko = 0.5
Finite Element Plate Height = 0.3 m

Groundwater Pressure (Fgw)

Elevation (m) (kN/m2)
6.000 10.000
5.700 10.000
5.400 10.000
5.100 10.000
4.800 10.000
4.500 10.000
4.200 10.000
3.900 10.000
3.600 10.000
3.300 10.000
3.000 10.000
2.700 10.000
2.400 10.000
2.100 10.000
1.800 10.000
1.500 10.000
1.200 10.000
0.900 10.000
0.600 10.000
0.300 10.000

6.0 LOADING DIAGRAM

 `

Soil Pressure Groundwater Pressure Vehicle Live Lo

7.0 LOAD COMBINATION

For Ultimate Limit State Design method

Load combinations
1.4[Psw + Ptop + Ppave + Fsoil + Fgw]
1.2[Psw + Ptop + Ppave + Fsoil + Fgw] + 1.6[PLL + Frs]

For Stability and Soil Bearing Check

Load combinations
[Psw + Ptop + Ppave + Fsoil + Fgw]
[Psw + Ptop + Ppave + Fsoil + Fgw] + [PLL + Frs]

8.0 SERVICEABILITY CHECK

Check for Bouyancy (Floatation)
Total Manhole Weight, WTotal= Volume * Unit Weight
250 thk. Wall = 8.25 * 24 197.92 kN
500 thk. Raft = 1.57 * 24 37.699 kN
250 thk. Top Slab = 0.79 * 24 18.85 kN
450 thk. Road Pavement = 1.41 * 24 33.929 kN
550 thk. Concrete Thichening = 1.73 * 24 41.469 kN
 WTotal = 13.74 * 24 330 kN

Uplift due to Ground Water, WWater= Volume * γw

WWater = 24.35 * 10 243.47 kN

Factor of Safety Against Bouyancy, FOSBouyant = 1.1

WTotal / WWater = 1.3548 < 1.1 Therefore SAFE

Check for Soil Bearing Capacity

Actual Soil Bearing Pressure, SBPActual = 0.144 MPa or 144 kPa

Allowable Soil Bearing Pressure, SBPAllowable = 400 kPa
SBPActual < SBPAllowable Therefore SAFE

9.0 ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN CHECK

Plate Stress Summary based on STAAD Results (L/C: 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL)

Shear Membrane Bending Moment

SQX SQY SX SY MX MY
 (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (kN.m/m) (kN.m/m)
Max Qx 0.001 -0.134 -0.118 -0.254 -0.728 -4.266
Min Qx -0.001 -0.133 -0.118 -0.255 -0.716 -4.225
Max Qy 0 0.038 -0.024 -0.095 -0.423 -2.471
Min Qy 0 -0.134 -0.118 -0.255 -0.729 -4.274
Max Sx 0 0.038 -0.024 -0.094 -0.417 -2.438
Min Sx 0 0.01 -0.504 -0.23 0.098 0.583
Max Sy 0 0.037 -0.024 -0.093 -0.409 -2.412
Min Sy 0 -0.133 -0.118 -0.257 -0.722 -4.252
Max Mx 0 0.01 -0.485 -0.238 0.238 1.377
Min Mx 0 -0.134 -0.118 -0.255 -0.729 -4.274
Max My 0 0.01 -0.485 -0.238 0.236 1.377
Min My 0 -0.134 -0.118 -0.255 -0.729 -4.274

Ultimate Compresion Force, Pu (for 250mm thk. Wall)

Considering Hoop Compression due to Lateral Loads (SX)

Maximum Hoop Compression

SX = 0.504 N/mm2
Compression Force @ Local X, Pux
Pux = SX * tx * a
Pux = 37.8 kN
Considering Bearing Compression due to Vertical Loads (SY)

Maximum Bearing Compression

SY = 0.257 N/mm2
Compression Force @ Local Y, Puy
Puy = SY * tw * b
Pux = 19.275 kN
Ultimate Shear Force, Vu (for 250mm thk. Wall)
Considering Shear Stress due to Lateral Loads (SQX)

Maximum Shear Stress @ Local X

SQX = 0.001 N/mm2
 Shear Force @ Local X, Vux
Vux = SQX * tw * a
Vux = 0.075 kN

Considering Shear Stress due to Lateral Loads (SQY)

Maximum Shear Stress @ Local Y
SQY = 0.134 N/mm2
Shear Force @ Local Y, Vuy
Vuy = SQY * tw * b
Vuy = 9.045 kN
Ultimate Flexural Moment, Mu (for 250mm thk. Wall)
Considering Bending Stress due to Lateral Loads (MX)

Maximum Bending Stress @ Local X

MX = 0.729 kNm/m
Flexural Moment @ Local X, Mux
Mux = MX * a
Mux = 0.2187 kNm
Considering Bending Stress due to Lateral Loads (MY)

Maximum Bending Stress @ Local Y

MY = 4.274 kNm/m
Flexural Moment @ Local Y, Muy
Muy = MY * b
Mux = 1.154 kNm
Manhole maximum height is

equirements for Structural Concrete

Code 1997
y for Testing and Materials

on Specification

And Design software

N/mm²
kN/m³

N/mm2
N/mm2

kN/m³
kN/m2
deg
kN/m³
kN/m³

oncrete (C40). Strength and

ted in ACI318M Chapter 22.

n uncracked section therefore

provisions stated in
 (for C40 Concrete)

N DETAILS
tw= 250 mm
tr= 500 mm
H= 6000 mm
D= 1500 mm
ts= 250 mm
tp= 450 mm
tt = 550 mm

Aslab= 3.142 m2
Ainside= 1.767 m2
d slope inside manhole
Vehicle Live Load
 kPa (STAAD result)

nding Moment
MY
(kN.m/m)
-4.266
-4.225
-2.471
-4.274
-2.438
0.583
-2.412
-4.252
1.377
-4.274
1.377
-4.274
ss @ Local X
ss @ Local Y