As per STAAD report,

Design loads

Axial load (compression) = 6.167 kN

Tension = 3.227 kN
Horizontal shear = 12.272 kN
Moment = 18.046 kNm

Inputs from soil test report

Angle of friction, φ = 32 degrees
Unit weight of soil, γ = 18.2 kN/m³
Cohesion, c = 10 kN/m²

Diameter, D = 0.3 m
Depth of foundation, H = 1.5 m

Ultimate load capacity of pile

From IS 2911- (Part 1/ Section 2):2010 the ultimate load capacity (Qu) of pile in granular soil is given by,

`
Cross sectional area of pile tip, Ap = 0.0707 m²

The unit weight of soil at pile tip = 18.2 kN/m³

Angle of internal friction, φ = 32 deg

tan 32 = 0.62

From IS 6403: 1981 the values are obtained,

Nq = 24.36 and Nγ = 32.65

The overburden pressure at 1.5m is = 27.3 kN/m² (unit weight x depth)

The overburden pressure at ith layer is = 13.65 kN/m²

sin 32 = 0.530

Kp = 1.50
Surface area of pile shaft, As = 1.414 m²

Self weight of pile = 3.004 kN

Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m³

Effective overburden pressure for ith layer, Pdi = 13.65 kN/m²

Ultimate load capacity of piles, = 53.309 + 27.191

= 29.196 > 6.167 SAFE

Tension check

From IS 2911- (Part 1/ Section 2):2010 the ultimate load capacity (Qu) of pile in cohesive soils is given by,

Frictional resistance, = 10.88 kN

From STAAD Tension = 3.227 kN

Net tension = (Frictional resistance+ self weight) = 13.88 kN SAFE

Determination of type of pile

Length of pile = 1.5 m

Grade of concrete use in the foundation is, = M 20

Modulus of elasticity of concrete, E = 22360.68 N/mm² or MN/m²

Moment of inertia of pile, I = 0.000398 m⁴

From Table 3 of IS 2911-(Part1/ Sec2) : 2010

N (No. of blows) = 57.5

 ηh = 20.0 MN/m³

The stiffness factor for piles is calculated as follows,

Stiffness factor, T = 0.850 m

From the above values , L≤ 2T, hence it is considered to be a short rigid pile as per Table 5 of IS 2911.

Lateral soil resistance

 e or L1 = 0.200 m

L1/T = 0.235

From Fig 4 of IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 2 LT/T is computed,

LT/T = 1.890

Depth of fixity, LT = 1.607

Since depth of fixity is more than depth of foundation so zf = 1.5m

zf = 1.50 m

Modulus of elasticity of concrete, E = 22360.68 N/mm²

= 22360 x10³ kN/m²

Moment of inertia of pile, I = 0.000398 m⁴

As per IS 2911-Part 4 the maximum deflection is assumed to be 5mm and the lateral load capacity is computed.

Lateral load = 27.145 kN

27.14 > 12.272 kN SAFE

Bending moment check (IS 2911 Part 1 Sec 2)

Fixed end moment of pile can be computed using C- 4.3 of IS 2911 Part 1 Sec-2
 Fixed end moment (Mf) = 46.146 > 18.046 SAFE

Bending moment check (Broms method)

Resistance to moment due to cohesion,

xoc = Quc
9.C.B

where, Quc = Ultimate lateral resistance due to cohesion.

From figure 6.28(a) of Pile foundations in engineering practice by Shamsher Prakash and Hari D Sharma ,

e/B = 0.67 and L/B = 5.00

Ultimate lateral resistance due to cohesion , Quc/CB² = 7.0

Quc = 6.3 kN

Therefore,
xoc = 0.233 m

Mmaxc = [Quc.(e+1.5B+0.5.x0c)

= 4.830 kNm

Resistance to moment due to friction,

xof = 0.82.(Quf/γ.B.Kp)^½

where, Quf = Ultimate lateral resistance due to friction.

Quf = 0.5.γ.L³.B. Kp
(e+L)

= 8.130 kN

xof = 0.8170

Mmaxf = Quf.(e+1.5x0f)

= 11.589 kNm

Overall resistance,

Mmax = ( Mmaxc + Mmaxf )

= 16.419 kNm
 Allowable value (Assuming factor of safety of 1.5)

Factor of safety = 1.50

M = Mmax/FOS

10.946 < 18.046 NOT SAFE

Design of reinforcement in pile.

The vertical and lateral loads on the pile are,

Uplift = 3.227 kN

Moment = 18.046 kNm

Diameter of the column = 0.3 m

Grade of concrete = 20 N/mm²

Since there is no IS code for tensile strength with bending for circular sections, the following
calculation is performed by considering the circular area with equivalent rectangular area,

Cross sectional area of pile tip, Ap = 0.0707 m²

Equivalent side of a square = 0.2659 m

Tensile strength with bending of concrete used,

Pu = 0.0018
fck x bd²

Mu = 0.0334
fck x bd³

From Chart 57 of SP 16 tables,

p/fck = 0.02

Percentage of steel = 0.4 %

Area of steel required = 282.74 mm²

Area of steel provided (200x65x3) = 1043 mm²

Since the area of steel provided is greater steel required. SAFE