Ashrae 150-2019

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019
(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2000)
Method of Testing the

Performance of
Cool-Storage Systems
Approved by ASHRAE and the American National Standards Institute on May 31, 2019.
ASHRAE® Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Standard number is the year
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© 2019 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336

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ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 150
Cognizant TC: 6.9, Thermal Storage
SPLS Liaison: Richard Swierczyna
Kenneth M. Fulk*, Chair Charles E. Dorgan* John H. Nix, II*
Geoffrey Bares* John F. Dunlap* Brian M. Silvetti*
Steven Benz* Lucas B. Hyman*
* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2018–2019

Donald M. Brundage, Chair Walter T. Grondzik Erick A. Phelps
Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr., Vice-Chair Vinod P. Gupta David Robin
Els Baert Susanna S. Hanson Lawrence J. Schoen
Charles S. Barnaby Roger L. Hedrick Dennis A. Stanke
Niels Bidstrup Rick M. Heiden Richard T. Swierczyna
Robert B. Burkhead Jonathan Humble Russell C. Tharp
Michael D. Corbat Kwang Woo Kim Adrienne G. Thomle
Drury B. Crawley Larry Kouma Craig P. Wray
Julie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr. Lawrence C. Markel, BOD ExO
Michael W. Gallagher Karl L. Peterman Michael CA Schwedler, CO
Steven C. Ferguson, Senior Manager of Standards
SPECIAL NOTE
This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defined
by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as
“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,
but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”
Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.
ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project
Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all
must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.
The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,
b. participation in the next review of the Standard,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, or
d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.
DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted
industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems
tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines
will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by
suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information
that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance
to them is completely voluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,
that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.
CONTENTS
Method of Testing the Performance of Cool-Storage Systems
SECTION PAGE
Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................................2
1 Purpose.............................................................................................................................................................3
2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................3
3 Definitions .........................................................................................................................................................3
4 Classifications ...................................................................................................................................................4
5 Requirements....................................................................................................................................................4
6 Instruments .....................................................................................................................................................10
7 Test Methods ..................................................................................................................................................13
8 Test Procedures..............................................................................................................................................14
9 Data to be Recorded .......................................................................................................................................16
10 Calculation of Results......................................................................................................................................16
11 Test Report......................................................................................................................................................18
12 References ......................................................................................................................................................18
Informative Appendix A: Discussion of Fluid Flow Measurement Methods...........................................................19
Informative Appendix B: Example Cool-Storage System Instrumentation Schematics.........................................21
Normative Appendix C: Test Report Forms ..........................................................................................................26
NOTE
Approved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE
website at www.ashrae.org/technology.
© 2019 ASHRAE
1791 Tullie Circle NE · Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org · All rights reserved.
ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely Test method results represent the actual field perfor-
informative and does not contain requirements necessary mance and capacity under the load profile defined for the test,
for conformance to the standard. It has not been pro- not the manufacturer’s nominal rating. The results may not
cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard correspond to ratings based on other conditions.
and may contain material that has not been subject to This standard does not specify how test results will be
public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec- used. Interpretation of the data obtained from the test is the
tors on informative material are not offered the right to responsibility of the user.
appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) The committee initially set out to produce separate test
methods for different cool-storage technologies. As the test
FOREWORD methods were developed, it became evident that the basic
ASHRAE Standard 150 was developed to provide a uniform steps of the test procedure are the same for any technology.
method for evaluating the performance of cool-storage sys- The differences among cool-storage technologies are
tems installed in buildings or central plants. Its intended addressed in the definitions of the test conditions.
users are Owners, operators, consultants, and others. The test Section 5.3 of the standard requires that the user provide
method provided in this standard will eliminate the need to certain information about the system necessary to define the
develop a specific test procedure for each individual project. test conditions and requirements. This information includes
the following:
Hereinafter in this foreword, “system” means “cool-
storage system” unless noted otherwise. a. The load profile against which the storage device or sys-
Standard 150 provides a method for determining the cool- tem must be tested. The user should note that the usable
ing performance of a given installation at the time of turnover storage capacity of a given storage device or system may
to the Owner or at any time during its useful life. The standard vary depending on the load profile.
includes options for testing a system at times when less than b. The tests that are to be performed. Users may elect to per-
the peak load is available. A method is given for defining test form any number of the individual tests defined in the
loads that enable the user to determine if the system would standard.
perform as expected when subjected to the actual peak load. c. System parameters such as maximum usable discharge
The standard can also be used to determine the maximum temperature, maximum usable cooling supply tempera-
performance of a new or existing system. This information ture, and criteria for determining the fully charged and
may be desired to optimize the system or to determine the sys- fully discharged conditions.
tem’s current capability prior to an increase in load or other d. For the cool-storage system capacity test, the boundaries
changes. of the system or the portion of the system that is under test.
It is recognized that field testing is costly, and this stan- This standard may be referenced in project specifications
dard may not provide sufficient benefit to warrant its use at requiring performance testing of newly installed systems.
every cool-storage installation. Some packaged or modular Users of the standard should note that any specification
systems can be provided with sufficient data to establish their requiring testing under this standard must also include the
expected or design performance without field testing. How- information required by Section 5.3.
ever, the user still may elect to carry out a field evaluation to This standard does not specifically address testing of
help ensure that the system will perform under peak design chillers as components. The scope of the standard does
conditions or to qualify for utility or government incentives. include the performance of chillers or refrigeration machines
Many cool-storage installations are completely or par- as parts of a larger system. Users may want to test chiller per-
tially dependent on field assembly of components that cannot formance concurrent with performing the tests specified in
be prerated or tested prior to assembly. For these systems, this standard, since much of the required instrumentation may
field testing is the only way to ensure that the installed system already be in place.
meets the specified performance requirements. In keeping with common practice, the standard uses the
In other cases, it may be in the best interest of Owners, units of ton-hour and kWh to measure cooling energy stored
contractors, manufacturers, and designers to establish the or delivered. The standard uses the subscripted units kWhT
system’s level of performance at the time of installation. This and kWhE to differentiate thermal and electrical energy.
could prevent costly disagreements or litigation after the sys- Designers of cool-storage systems that will be tested
tem has been accepted and operated for a period of time, pos- under this standard should specify in their design documents
sibly under different load conditions. the appropriate instrumentation and system configuration as
The test methods provided in this standard are intended defined in this standard. The specification should include suf-
to establish system performance but not to diagnose system ficient detail for the selected sensor or sensors to perform as
operation. These test methods specifically enable the user to required.
economically determine the available capacity of the storage The instrument accuracy requirements in this standard
device, the capacity available to meet a load, and the effi- were selected to provide 10% or better uncertainty in the
ciency of the system in meeting the load. Users are encour- overall calculation of capacity for most systems. The standard
aged to use additional instruments and take additional recommends that users who have stricter requirements con-
measurements beyond those required by the standard to aid in duct an uncertainty analysis prior to testing to aid in the
system diagnosis and optimization. selection of instrument types and the measurement method.
2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

The uncertainty analysis helps confirm that the selected storage efficiency: discharge capacity divided by charge
instruments will provide the desired accuracy in the test capacity 1.
results. A similar uncertainty analysis should also be com-
fully charged condition: the state of a thermal storage device
pleted after testing, using measured data to determine the
at which, according to the design, no more heat is to be
uncertainty interval in the test results. ASHRAE Guideline 22
removed from the thermal storage device. This state is gener-
discusses the issues addressed in an uncertainty analysis.
ally reached when the control system stops the charge cycle
as part of its normal control sequence.
1. PURPOSE
fully discharged condition: the state of a thermal storage
This standard prescribes a uniform set of testing procedures
device at which no more usable cooling energy can be recov-
for determining the cooling capacities and efficiencies of
ered from the storage device.
cool-storage systems.
load profile: summary of thermal loads over a period of time.
2. SCOPE For the purposes of this standard, the load profile specifies
2.1 This standard covers cool-storage systems composed of thermal loads for each hour of the period, encompassing at
chillers, storage medium, storage device or vessel, heat sink least one complete storage cycle. The load profile indicates
equipment or heat sink systems, and other auxiliary equip- each hour’s total load, the cooling output of the chiller(s) and
ment required to provide a complete and working system. the thermal storage device, and the state of charge of the ther-
mal storage device. Tables 1 and 2 illustrate complete data for
2.2 This standard includes two example load profiles.
a. a uniform method of testing, specified load profile: the load profile that the cool-
b. identification of test equipment for performing such tests, storage system is expected to meet. This may be the
c. identification of data required and calculations to be used, load profile used to design the cool-storage system and
and size the equipment or it may be based on actual or
expected loads.
d. definitions and terminology.
maximum allowable charging period: the period of time
2.3 This standard does not cover testing of the air-side distri- within which charging of the thermal storage device must be
bution. completed. This period is typically determined by the utility
rate structure, the building operating schedule, and the design
3. DEFINITIONS operating strategy.
accuracy: the ability of an instrument to indicate the true maximum usable cooling supply temperature: the maximum
value of a measured quantity 1. fluid supply temperature at which the cooling load can be met.
capacity: see thermal storage capacity, cool-storage system
maximum usable discharge temperature: the maximum
capacity.
fluid temperature at which usable cooling can be obtained
cool-storage system: a system that uses a thermal storage from the thermal storage device. This temperature may be
device to meet all or part of a cooling or refrigeration load. A selected to suit the specific needs of the test.
cool-storage system is composed of chillers, thermal storage
a. For systems configured with the chiller upstream of
medium, thermal storage device or vessel, heat sink equip-
storage, it is generally equal to the maximum usable
ment or heat sink systems, and other auxiliary equipment and
cooling supply temperature.
may be a part or subset of a larger cooling system.
b. For systems configured with the chiller downstream
cool-storage system capacity: the maximum amount of cool- of storage, it is generally determined as the highest
ing energy that can be supplied by a cool-storage system in temperature that the chiller can cool to the maximum
response to a particular load profile, as determined by the usable cooling supply temperature.
cool-storage system capacity test. c. From an operating stand point, it may be possible that
critical discharge point: the point in the load profile at which the actual maximum usable discharge temperature
the combination of the required discharge rate and the current may be set higher than the temperatures noted above
storage inventory causes the discharge temperature from the if the user desires to gain some limited usable cooling
thermal storage device to rise to its highest value. capacity beyond that considered usable under normal
operating conditions. However, this is not considered
cycle: see storage cycle. or used in this standard.
efficiency: peak discharge rate: the maximum rate at which cooling is
cycle-specific energy use: ratio of the total energy input discharged from storage (heat is added to storage).
in kWhE or kWhT (kWhE or Btu) to the total energy in
precision: closeness of agreement among repeated measure-
kWhT (ton-hour) removed from the load over one or
ments of the same physical quantity.
more complete storage cycles. Total energy input
includes the energy input to all waterside components pulldown load: the unmet cooling load that accumulates
that are part of the system under test. during a period when cooling is not provided to the load and
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019 3

that must be met on system start up. Maximum pulldown load 4. CLASSIFICATIONS
generally occurs on a Monday morning. Tests performed under this standard are classified as follows.
resolution: the smallest incremental value of a measured 4.1 Discharge test measures the amount of cooling energy
quantity that can be reported by an instrument, typically half that can be delivered from the thermal storage device to meet
the smallest-scale division of an analog instrument or the least the specified load profile.
significant bit (LSB) of an analog to digital system. (LSB =
full scale range/2n, where n = the number of bits of the analog 4.2 Charge test measures the amount of cooling that can be
to digital converter.) stored in the thermal storage device within the time period
available for charging.
shall: where “shall” or “shall not” is used for a provision, that
provision is mandatory if compliance with this standard is 4.3 Cool-storage system capacity test measures the amount
claimed. of cooling energy that can be delivered by the system to meet
the specified load profile. This test is identical to the dis-
should: where “should” or “should not” is used for a provi- charge test if the thermal storage device is designed to pro-
sion, that provision is not mandatory for compliance with this vide full load shift.
standard but is desirable as good practice.
4.4 Cool-storage system efficiency test measures the cycle
spatial variation: the uncertainty arising from the variation of specific energy use of the system.
a measured parameter due to its variation in space, with the
data normalized to eliminate variation in the parameter over 5. REQUIREMENTS
time.
5.1 Initialization
storage cycle: complete charge and discharge of a thermal 5.1.1 Cool-storage systems tested under this standard shall
storage device, beginning and ending at the same state of be fully operational with all components, including all control
charge 1. components and control sequences, installed and working.
storage inventory: the amount of usable cooling energy 5.1.2 Prior to starting tests under this standard, cool-storage
remaining in a thermal storage device at any given time. systems shall be operated through at least five cycles from
fully charged to at least 70% discharged, but not fewer than
system: see cool-storage system.
the number of cycles recommended by the thermal storage
test authority: the designated person, company, or agent who device manufacturer. This cycling is required to ensure that
specifies the test requirements. the thermal storage device is at an initial condition representa-
thermal storage capacity: the maximum amount of cooling tive of normal operation.
that can be retained by a thermal storage device and be avail- 5.2 Apparatus
able for future use. 5.2.1 Cool-storage systems tested under this standard shall
discharge capacity: the capacity of the thermal storage be provided with instrumentation to measure the following
device as determined by the discharge test. This capacity properties. Fluid flow and temperature measurement loca-
is equivalent to the usable storage capacity if the fully tions are illustrated in Figure 1.
discharged condition is defined by the criterion given in
a. For the cool-storage system capacity test and the system
Section 5.3(k)(1)(i).
efficiency test:
nominal storage capacity: a theoretical capacity of the
1. F1—Fluid flow rate through the cool-storage system
thermal storage device, which in many cases is greater
under test.
than the usable storage capacity. This measure should not
be used to compare usable capacities of alternative stor- 2. T1—Fluid temperature leaving the cool-storage sys-
age systems. tem under test.
3. T2—Fluid temperature entering the cool-storage sys-
usable storage capacity: total amount of cooling dis-
tem under test.
charged from a thermal storage device, at or below the
b. For the discharge test and the charge test:
maximum usable discharge temperature, for a particular
storage cycle. 1. F2—Fluid flow rate through the thermal storage
device.
thermal storage device: container plus all the contents of the
2. T3—Fluid temperature entering the thermal storage
container used for storing thermal energy. The transfer fluid
device.
and accessories, such as heat exchangers, agitators, circulat-
ing pumps, flow-switching devices, valves, and baffles that 3. T4—Fluid temperature leaving the thermal storage
are integral with the container, are considered a part of the device.
thermal storage device. c. For the cool-storage system efficiency test:
1. Electric energy use of all water-side equipment
thermal storage medium: substance in which cooling or heat-
located inside the boundaries of the system under test.
ing energy is stored.
For equipment powered by input energy other than
transfer fluid: fluid that carries energy from one location to electricity, provide appropriate instrumentation to
another. measure the input energy use.

Figure 1 General cool-storage system test schematic.
d. Optional measurements applying to some cool-storage b. A specified load profile against which the system is to be
systems: tested. The load profile shall be determined by design
1. Liquid level in the thermal storage device, used for flow rates and supply and return water temperatures for
measuring latent inventory in some ice storage systems. each portion of the system under test, as well as the corre-
sponding design storage system capacity, for each hour of
2. Vertical temperature profile in the thermal storage
the storage cycle. See Tables 1 and 2 for examples of load
device, used for measuring sensible inventory in some
profiles.
chilled-water storage systems.
5.2.2 The locations of the measurement points T1 through c. A schematic diagram illustrating the entire cool-storage
T6 and F1 through F3 for a given system under test shall be system, including the following:
specified by the test authority, as described in Section 5.3(c), 1. All major components and interconnecting piping.
in accordance with Sections 6.3.6 and 7.1.
2. The locations of the fluid flow and temperature mea-
5.2.3 Instruments shall meet the requirements of Section 6.
surement points. Point locations are discussed in Sec-
5.3 Required Information. The following information shall tion 7.1.
be specified by the test authority prior to performing tests
under this standard: 3. The boundary of the system under test for the cool-
storage system capacity test and the cool-storage sys-
a. The tests to be performed. tem efficiency test, as described in Section 7.1.2.

6
Table 1 Example-Specified Load Profile Ice Storage, Constant Flow, Chiller Upstream (SI)
Storage
System, Chiller, Storage, Inventory, T1 Leaving T2 Entering T3 Entering T4 Leaving Entering Leaving F1 Through F2 Through
Hour kWT kWT kWT Notes kWhT System, °C System, °C Storage, °C Storage, °C Chiller, °C Chiller, °C System, L/s Storage, L/s
1 0 756 756 4064 — — –4.1 –0.2 –0.2 –4.1 — 50
2 0 753 753 4817 — — –4.2 –0.4 –0.4 –4.2 — 50
3 0 747 747 5563 — — –4.4 –0.6 –0.6 –4.4 — 50
4 0 738 738 6301 — — –4.7 –0.9 –0.9 –4.7 — 50
5 0 738 738 7039 — — –4.7 –0.9 –0.9 –4.7 — 50
6 0 0 0 7039 — — — — — — — —
7 0 0 0 7039 — — — — — — — —
8 1407 1092 –315 Pulldown 6725 3.3 10.4 4.9 3.3 10.4 4.9 50 50
9 1231 1075 –156 6569 3.3 9.5 4.1 3.3 9.5 4.1 50 50
10 1407 1092 –315 6254 3.3 10.4 4.9 3.3 10.4 4.9 50 50
11 1759 1128 –631 5623 3.3 12.2 6.5 3.3 12.2 6.5 50 50
12 1934 1145 –789 4835 3.3 13.1 7.3 3.3 13.1 7.3 50 50
13 2110 1163 –947 3888 3.3 14.0 8.1 3.3 14.0 8.1 50 50
14 2198 1172 –1026 Maximum 2861 3.3 14.4 8.5 3.3 14.4 8.5 50 50
15 2110 1163 –947 1915 3.3 14.0 8.1 3.3 14.0 8.1 50 50
16 1934 1145 –789 Critical 1126 3.3 13.1 7.3 3.3 13.1 7.3 50 50
17 1671 1119 –552 574 3.3 11.7 6.1 3.3 11.7 6.1 50 50
18 1319 1083 –235 Final 339 3.3 10.0 4.5 3.3 10.0 4.5 50 50
19 1055 1055 0 339 3.3 8.6 3.3 3.3 8.6 3.3 50 50
20 352 821 470 821 0.6 2.3 –1.8 0.6 2.3 –1.8 11 50
21 317 800 483 1305 –0.1 1.5 –2.5 –0.1 1.5 –2.5 9 50
22 317 800 483 1788 –0.1 1.5 –2.6 –0.1 1.5 –2.6 9 50
23 0 761 761 2549 — — –3.9 –0.1 –0.1 –3.9 — 50
24 0 759 759 3308 — — –3.9 –0.1 –0.1 –3.9 — 50

Table 1 Example Specified Load Profile Ice Storage, Constant Flow, Chiller Upstream (I-P)
Storage
Hour tons tons tons Notes ton-hour System, °F System, °F Storage, °F Storage, °F Chiller, °F Chiller, °F System, gpm Storage, gpm
1 0 215 215 1156 — — 24.7 31.6 31.6 24.7 — 800
2 0 214 214 1370 — — 24.5 31.3 31.3 24.5 — 800
3 0 212 212 1582 — — 24.1 30.9 30.9 24.1 — 800
4 0 210 210 1792 — — 23.6 30.3 30.3 23.6 — 800

5 0 210 210 2002 — — 23.6 30.3 30.3 23.6 — 800
6 0 0 0 2002 — — — — — — — —
7 0 0 0 2002 — — — — — — — —
8 400 311 –89 Pulldown 1913 38.0 50.8 40.9 38.0 50.8 40.9 800 800
9 350 306 –44 1868 38.0 49.2 39.4 38.0 49.2 39.4 800 800
10 400 311 –89 1779 38.0 50.8 40.9 38.0 50.8 40.9 800 800
11 500 321 –179 1599 38.0 53.9 43.7 38.0 53.9 43.7 800 800
12 550 326 –224 1375 38.0 55.5 45.2 38.0 55.5 45.2 800 800
13 600 331 –269 1106 38.0 57.1 46.6 38.0 57.1 46.6 800 800
14 625 333 –292 Maximum 814 38.0 57.9 47.3 38.0 57.9 47.3 800 800
15 600 331 –269 545 38.0 57.1 46.6 38.0 57.1 46.6 800 800
16 550 326 –224 Critical 320 38.0 55.5 45.2 38.0 55.5 45.2 800 800
17 475 318 –157 163 38.0 53.1 43.0 38.0 53.1 43.0 800 800
18 375 308 –67 Final 96 38.0 50.0 40.1 38.0 50.0 40.1 800 800
19 300 300 0 96 38.0 47.6 38.0 38.0 47.6 38.0 800 800
20 100 234 134 234 33.0 36.2 28.7 33.0 36.2 28.7 170 800
21 90 227 137 371 31.8 34.7 27.4 31.8 34.7 27.4 142 800
22 90 227 137 508 31.8 34.7 27.4 31.8 34.7 27.4 142 800
23 0 216 216 725 — — 25.0 31.9 31.9 25.0 — 800
24 0 216 216 941 — — 24.9 31.8 31.8 24.9 — 800
7
8
Table 2 Example Specified Load Profile Chilled-Water Storage, Variable Flow (SI)
Storage
Hour kWT kWT kWT Notes kWhT System, °C System, °C Storage, °C Storage, °C Chiller, °C Chiller, °C System, L/s Storage, L/s
1 0 1882 1882 14166 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
2 0 1882 1882 16048 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
3 0 1882 1882 17930 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
4 0 1882 1882 19811 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
5 0 1882 1882 21693 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
6 0 1882 1882 23574 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
7 0 1882 1882 25315 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
8 2110 0 –2110 Pulldown 23205 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 50 –50
9 1407 0 –1407 21798 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 34 –34
10 1759 0 –1759 20040 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 42 –42
11 2638 0 –2638 17402 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63
12 2638 0 –2638 14764 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63
13 3517 0 –3517 11247 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 84 –84
14 4045 0 –4045 Max, critical 7203 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 97 –97
15 2638 0 –2638 4565 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63
16 2638 0 –2638 1927 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63
17 1759 0 –1759 Final 169 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 42 –42
18 352 1882 1530 1699 4.4 15.6 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 8 33
19 352 1882 1530 3228 4.4 15.6 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 8 33
20 352 1882 1530 4758 4.4 15.6 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 8 33
21 0 1882 1882 6640 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
22 0 1882 1882 8522 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
23 0 1882 1882 10403 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41
24 0 1882 1882 12285 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

Table 2 Example Specified Load Profile Chilled–Water Storage, Variable Flow (I–P)
Storage
Hour tons tons tons Notes ton-hour System, °F System, °F Storage, °F Storage, °F Chiller, °F Chiller, °F System, gpm Storage, gpm
1 0 535 535 4030 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
2 0 535 535 4565 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
3 0 535 535 5100 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
4 0 535 535 5635 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

5 0 535 535 6170 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
6 0 535 535 6705 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
7 0 535 535 7200 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
8 600 0 –600 Pulldown 6600 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 800 –800
9 400 0 –400 6200 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 533 –533
10 500 0 –500 5700 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 667 –667
11 750 0 –750 4950 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 1000 –1000
12 750 0 –750 4200 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 1000 –1000
13 1000 0 –1000 3200 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 1333 –1333
14 1150 0 –1150 Max, critical 2050 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 1533 –1533
15 750 0 –750 1300 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 1000 –1000
16 750 0 –750 550 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 1000 –1000
17 500 0 –500 Final 50 42.0 60.0 60.0 42.0 60.0 — 667 –667
18 100 535 435 485 40.0 60.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 120 522
19 100 535 435 920 40.0 60.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 120 522
20 100 535 435 1355 40.0 60.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 120 522
21 0 535 535 1890 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
22 0 535 535 2425 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
23 0 535 535 2960 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
24 0 535 535 3495 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642
9
4. The boundary of the system under test for the discharge iv. The heat absorption rate reaches a predetermined
test and the charge test, as described in Section 7.1.3. benchmark heat absorption rate as measured by the
d. A description of the intended cool-storage system opera- test data recording instruments.
tion for the cool-storage system capacity test. For exam- 2. The value of temperature, height, or inventory that
ple, there may be constraints on the chiller and storage indicates the fully discharged condition shall be speci-
loads during specific time periods. fied by the test authority. It may be based on the value
e. A listing of the system components whose input energy is established in design or by current operating strategy.
to be measured for the cool-storage system efficiency test. l. Maximum and minimum allowable ambient temperatures
1. At a minimum, the input energy measurement shall surrounding the thermal storage device as stipulated by the
include the input energy for all components that are device manufacturer as the basis of design for their rating.
required to deliver cooling to the load, including ther- m. For cool-storage systems using a heat transfer fluid other
mal storage device auxiliaries, chiller compressors, than water, the relationship between the fluid concentration
chiller pumps, main distribution pumps, and heat in percent by volume and the refractive index of the fluid
rejection pumps and fans. shall be documented by data from the fluid manufacturer.
2. The input energy measurement may also include the n. Documentation establishing that all instrumentation has
input energy for tertiary or auxiliary distribution been calibrated or verified to meet the requirements of
pumps or other components. Section 6.
f. The magnitude of the load at the calculated critical dis- 5.4 Compliance with this standard shall not be claimed
charge point, the hour of occurrence, and the calculated unless the required information specified in Section 5.3 has
state of charge relative to the fully charged condition. been provided. All required information shall be documented
g. Maximum allowable duration of the charging period. in the test report in accordance with Section 11.
h. Maximum usable discharge temperature.
6. INSTRUMENTS
i. Maximum usable cooling supply temperature.
j. Criterion for determining the fully charged condition. 6.1 General
1. The test authority shall select the criterion for deter- 6.1.1 Instruments, whether existing or installed specifically
mining the fully charged condition. It may be one of for the purpose of testing, shall meet the requirements of Sec-
the following: tion 6.
i. With the flow rate as specified in Section 5.3(b), 6.1.2 The instrument accuracy requirements in this stan-
the temperature leaving the thermal storage device dard were selected to provide 10% or better uncertainty in the
is less than a predefined value for a continuous 15- overall calculation of capacity for most systems. Users who
minute period. have stricter requirements for uncertainty, or who for any rea-
ii. The height of fluid or ice in the thermal storage son wish to verify the actual uncertainty in the test results,
device is greater than a predefined value for a con- should complete an uncertainty analysis prior to conducting
tinuous 15-minute period. testing to confirm that instrument specifications and potential
iii. The calculated accumulated inventory is greater field effects will not unduly affect test results. A post-test
than a predefined value. uncertainty analysis may also be completed to determine the
actual uncertainty interval in the test results. ASHRAE
iv. The heat extraction rate reaches a predetermined
benchmark heat extraction rate as measured by the Guideline 22, Table 5-2, and Informative Appendix C, pro-
vide an informative discussion of uncertainty analysis. An
test data recording instruments.
additional resource is ANSI/ASME PTC 19.1, Test
2. The value of temperature, height, or inventory that Uncertainty 2.
indicates the fully charged condition shall be specified
6.1.3 Instruments noted as optional are exempted from the
by the test authority. It may be based on the value
requirements of Section 6.
established in design or by current operating strategy.
k. Criterion for determining the fully discharged condition. 6.2 Temperature Measurement
1. The test authority shall select the criterion for deter- 6.2.1 Temperature shall be measured in accordance with
mining the fully discharged condition. It may be one ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1 3.
of the following: 6.2.2 The rated accuracy, precision, and resolution of the
i. With the flow rate as specified in Section 5.3(b), instruments and their associated readout devices shall be
the temperature leaving the thermal storage device within the following limits:
is greater than the maximum usable discharge tem-
perature for a continuous 15-minute period.
Accuracy Temperature Temperature Difference
ii. The height of fluid, or of chilled fluid, in the ther-
mal storage device is less than a predefined value ±0.15°C (±0.3°F) ±0.10°C (±0.2°F)
for a continuous 15-minute period. Precision ±0.10°C (±0.2°F) ±0.075°C (±0.15°F)
iii. The calculated accumulated inventory is less than a
predefined value. Resolution ±0.05°C (±0.1°F) ±0.05°C (±0.1°F)

6.2.3 The installed accuracy of temperature sensors shall be mode, flow sensors shall be rated for bidirectional flow or two
verified as specified in Sections 6.8.2 and 6.8.3. (2) unidirectional sensors shall be provided.
6.2.4 Temperature sensors used for measuring the tempera- 6.3.6 Location. Flowmeters shall be installed according to
ture difference across a component should be calibrated as the manufacturer’s specifications, except as follows:
matched pairs by the manufacturer.
a. Flowmeters should be installed with a minimum length of
6.2.5 The use of surface temperature sensors is acceptable straight run piping, clear of any flow disturbances, with
for the purposes of this standard if the following conditions both upstream and downstream straight pipe diameters in
are met: accordance with the flowmeter manufacturer’s require-
a. The requirements of Sections 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 are met. ments.
b. The installation is indoors. b. Flowmeters shall not be located in vertical pipes where
c. Heat-conducting paste is utilized between the sensor and fluid is flowing down.
pipe. c. For insertion-type flowmeters, the insertion tap shall be
d. Closed cell insulation with a minimum insulation value of oriented in the plane of the outside radius of the first
2 m2·K/J (12 ft2·°F/Btu) isolates the pipe from ambient upstream elbow.
conditions for a distance of at least 15 cm (6 in.) from the d. If the required straight pipe runs are not available, or if
sensor. dynamic flow conditions, severe rotational velocities, or
e. The ambient temperature differs from the measured tem- high spatial variation in velocities are present such that
perature by no more than 25°C (45°F). spatial variation is greater than 5%, a flowmeter whose
f. When two surface temperature sensors are used to deter- accuracy is not dependent on a uniform flow profile, or a
mine a temperature differential, the ambient temperatures flow straightening device, shall be employed. See Section
at each sensor location differ by no more than 5°C (10°F). 6.8.4.
6.3 Liquid Flow Measurement 6.3.7 The installed accuracy of liquid flowmeters shall be
verified as specified in Section 6.8.4.
6.3.1 Applicable Standards. Liquid flow shall be mea-
sured in accordance with the following standards: 6.4 Electric Power Measurement
6.4.1 Electric power shall be measured using instruments
a. Orifice flowmeters: ANSI/ASHRAE 41.8, Standard
that yield true rms power, based on measured current, voltage,
Methods of Measurement of Flow of Liquids in Pipes
and power factor.
Using Orifice Flowmeters 4.
b. Turbine flowmeters. 6.4.2 The accuracy of the electric power measuring and
c. ISA RP31.1, Recommended Practice Specification, Instal- associated readout devices shall be equal to or better than 1%
lation, & Calibration of Turbine Flowmeters 5. of the measured value.
d. For instruments without existing standards, such as 6.5 Density Measurement
velocity-dependent insertion flowmeters (axial turbine, 6.5.1 Heat transfer fluid density, or specific gravity, shall
tangential paddle-wheel, target), use manufacturers’ rec- be measured using a hydrometer that is designed for the
ommendations as applicable. appropriate temperature range expected to be encountered.
e. Appendix A provides additional guidelines for liquid flow Specific precautions are required for accurate density mea-
measurement. surement, such as sampling technique, and the hydrometer
6.3.2 Calibration. Liquid flowmeters shall have been labo- manufacturer’s directions should be followed in detail. Apply
ratory-calibrated by the factory or an independent facility no temperature effect calculations as necessary based on actual
more than one year prior to the date of the test. The calibra- temperatures encountered versus the temperature range of the
tion shall be by comparison with a NIST primary or second- hydrometer used.
ary standard at a minimum of three (3) points representative 6.5.2 The accuracy of the hydrometer measurement shall
of the minimum, typical, and maximum expected flow rates. be such that the percentage of heat transfer fluid in water is
Five (5) points are recommended for a proper curve fit. determined within ±2% of the actual value.
6.3.3 The rated accuracy, precision, and resolution of the 6.6 Refractive Index Measurement
instruments and their associated readout devices shall be 6.6.1 For glycol heat transfer fluids, the percentage of gly-
within the following limits: col in water may be determined by a refractive index mea-
a. Accuracy: ±1% of reading surement with a refractometer. This measurement may be
b. Precision: ±2% of reading taken in lieu of a density measurement, so that the percentage
of heat transfer fluid in water may be determined by a refrac-
c. Resolution: ±0.1% of reading
tive index measurement with a refractometer. The use of auto-
6.3.4 Dynamic Response. The instrument shall be capable matic temperature compensation (ATC) shall be used as
of measuring the flow within the stated accuracy over the specified by the refractometer manufacturer.
entire range of flow to be encountered. 6.6.2 The accuracy of the refractometer shall be such that
6.3.5 Bidirectional Flow. For flow measurement locations the percentage of glycol, or other heat transfer fluid, in water
where the direction of the flow changes with the operating is determined within ±1% of the actual value.

6.7 Data Recording Instruments. The data listed in Section 9 6.8.2.2 Water Bath Calibration Procedure
shall be recorded by data recording instruments meeting the
a. The water bath shall consist of water in an insulated con-
following requirements:
tainer having a volume of at least 0.5 L (0.13 gal).
a. Recording interval: Measurements shall be recorded at b. Remove the sensor from its installed location and
uniform intervals of no more than 15 minutes, with an immerse it with the calibration instrument in the water
integer number of intervals per hour. Each recorded value bath. Allow the temperature reading to stabilize at the
shall consist of the average of the values of at least 45 pre- temperature of the bath. Record the sensor temperature
vious individual measurements observed at the scan rate. reading at the data recording instrument and the calibra-
b. Scan rate: Data recording instruments shall sample indi- tion instrument reading at ten-second intervals for a
vidual measurements at a rate of not less than five samples period of at least five minutes.
per second. 6.8.2.3 Ice Bath Calibration Procedure
c. Scan interval: Separate scans of the complete set of mea-
surements shall be initiated at least every 20 seconds. a. The ice bath shall consist of crushed or flake ice in water
d. Resolution: The minimum resolution of the recording in an insulated container having a volume of at least 0.5 L
instruments shall be 0.1% of the full-scale range and one (0.13 gal). The ice and liquid water should be distilled
second for time. This corresponds to the resolution of a water. The ice shall occupy approximately 50% of the vol-
10-bit analog-to-digital converter. ume of the container so that the mass of ice is floating just
above the bottom of the container.
e. Accuracy: The accuracy of the recording instruments shall
b. Remove the sensor from its installed location and immerse
be within 0.25% of full scale.
it in the ice bath. Allow the temperature reading to stabilize
f. Precision: The precision of the recording instruments
at the temperature of the bath. Record the sensor tempera-
shall be within ±0.1% of full scale.
ture reading at the data recording instrument at ten-second
g. Time measurement: Resolution of time measurement shall intervals for a period of at least five minutes. The calibra-
be a minimum of one second. Accuracy and precision of tion reference reading for the ice bath is 0°C (32°F).
time measurement shall be within one second per hour.
6.8.2.4 If temperature sensors are not constructed to
6.8 Field Calibration and Verification of Test Instruments allow immersion in water, use a dry-well calibrator.
6.8.1 General 6.8.2.5 If the difference between the sensor readings and
a. The installed accuracy of temperature and flow instru- the calibration instrument readings is greater than the allow-
able tolerance specified in Section 6.2.2, replace the sensor or
ments shall be verified to be within the limits specified in
adjust the data acquisition system with an appropriate slope
Sections 6.2.2 and 6.3.3.
and offset. Record the adjustment on the instrument test
b. Field verification of installed accuracy shall be completed
report form. Repeat the verification procedure.
no more than three (3) months prior to the date of the test.
6.8.3 Temperature Difference. The measurement of tem-
c. Instruments used to verify the accuracy of field-installed
perature difference may be verified by the following method:
instruments shall have been calibrated no more than one
year prior to the date of the test. a. Configure the system so that the two sensors are subjected
d. For further information, see ASHRAE Guideline 11, Field to fluid flow at the same temperature. For example, to ver-
Testing of HVAC Control Components 6. ify temperature measurements entering and leaving a ther-
mal storage device, set the bypass valve of the storage
6.8.2 Temperature device to bypass the entire flow around storage.
6.8.2.1 Temperature sensors shall be calibrated by a two- b. Record both sensor temperature readings at the data
point procedure, using an ice or water bath with a reference recording instrument at ten-second intervals for a period
standard or a dry-well calibrator block constructed for that of at least five (5) minutes.
purpose. c. Exchange the positions of the two sensors and again
record the temperature readings as described in Section
a. The calibration reference instrument shall be a primary
6.8.3(b).
standard or a NIST-traceable calibrated secondary stan-
d. If the temperature sensors cannot be shown to be reading
dard accurate to within ±0.05°C (±0.10°F).
the actual temperature difference within the limits speci-
b. One of the calibration points shall use an ice bath as the
fied in Section 6.2.2, replace one or both of the sensors
primary standard unless the sensor is not designed to
and then repeat this procedure.
transmit temperature measurements of 0°C (32°F). A sen-
sor not designed to transmit temperature measurements of 6.8.4 Liquid Flow
0°C (32°F) shall be calibrated in a water bath or dry well 6.8.4.1 To field-verify the installed accuracy of a flow
at a known temperature near the low end of its operating sensor, the user shall confirm that the flow conditions in the
range. field are consistent with the flow conditions that existed for
c. Each sensor shall also be calibrated in a water bath or dry the laboratory calibration. If the flow profile at the point of
well at a known temperature near the high end of its oper- measurement is symmetrical and stable, the laboratory cali-
ating range. bration can be considered to apply to the field installation.

6.8.4.2 For the purposes of this standard, the laboratory h. T6—Fluid temperature leaving the load
calibration will also be considered applicable if the spatial i. F3—Fluid flow rate through the load
variation in flow is less than or equal to 5%. Spatial variation
can be determined by sampling the flow profile at a number 7.1.2 Points F1, T1, and T2 define the boundary of the sys-
of points across the pipe cross section at the measurement tem that is to be tested by the cool-storage system capacity
location. Appendix A provides a suggested method for mea- test and the system efficiency test. For the purpose of these
suring spatial variation. tests, the selection of these points divides the entire cooling
system into the system under test and the load.
6.8.4.3 Spatial variation SV is calculated as follows:
7.1.3 Points F2, T3, and T4 define the boundary of the ther-
SV =  t 95  S corr    N  F corr  mal storage device that is to be tested by the discharge test
and the charge test. In some cases, such as a chilled-water
where storage system, the flow and temperature can be the same as
t95 = student’s t static, with N degrees of freedom shown in Table 2.
7.1.4 Figures in Appendix C illustrate locations of these
Scorr = standard deviation of measurements corrected
for variation due to time points for a number of cool-storage system configurations.
7.1.5 Flowmeter locations shall conform to Section 6.3.6.
N = number of measurements
7.2 Determination of Test Conditions
F corr = average of the corrected measurements
7.2.1 General
Further details are given in Appendix A.
7.2.1.1 For each test, the system shall be subjected to a
6.8.4.4 If the spatial variation is greater than 5%, the fol- sequence of loads, fluid flow rates, and temperatures as
lowing options are available:
defined by the specified load profile for the chilled-water and
a. Choose a suitable alternative measurement location. cool-storage system configuration.
b. Install a flow straightening device. 7.2.1.2 After the test is completed, compare the measured
c. Replace the flow sensor with an instrument that is not vul- loads to the specified load profile. Compliance with the stan-
nerable to spatial variation or swirl, such as a magnetic dard requires that the measured load profile be substantially
flowmeter. equivalent to the appropriate portion of the specified load pro-
d. Use a pitot tube to calibrate the installed flow sensor. file as enumerated in the test method options in Section 7.2.1.3.
For further information, see ASME Power Test Code 7.2.1.3 Cool-storage systems differ in their normal tem-
(PTC) 19.5, Part 2 of Fluid Meters: Interim Supplement on perature and flow characteristics and in the extent to which
Instruments and Apparatus 7, or see CTI 146, Code Tower temperatures and flows can be manipulated for the purposes of
Specifications for Liquid Flow Measurement 8. testing. The test conditions are determined largely by the cool-
6.8.4.5 The flow profile shall be verified at the minimum, ing loads present in the facility served by the system. Because
typical, and maximum expected flow rates. of the difficulty in achieving specified loads for a field test,
two methods are provided for determining whether the mea-
6.8.4.6 Magnetic flowmeters and Coriolis flowmeters do
sured loads comply with the requirements of the standard.
not require verification of flow profile in the field.
7.2.1.3.1 Method 1. This method is required for the
6.8.4.7 For further information, see ANSI/ASME MFC-
charge test, the cool-storage system capacity test, and the
10M, Method for Establishing Installation Effects on
cool-storage system efficiency test. This method is also pre-
Flowmeters 9.
ferred for the discharge test if adequate loads are available.
6.8.5 Alternative Verification Methods. Verification of The measured loads comply with the requirements of the
sensor accuracy by methods other than those described in
standard if the following conditions are true:
Section 6.8.2.1 shall be approved by the test authority prior to
the test and shall be documented in the test report. a. The average load in each hour of the test is at least 90% of
the corresponding hour’s load in the specified load profile.
7. TEST METHODS b. The total cooling load, determined by summing the loads
7.1 Test Configurations for each hour of the test in the test load profile, is at least
7.1.1 The numbering of measurement points for the pur- 95% of the total cooling load in the specified load profile.
poses of this standard is illustrated in Figure 1. The labeling 7.2.1.3.2 Method 2. This method shall be used for the
of the points is as follows: discharge test if loads satisfying Method 1 are not available.
The measured loads comply with the requirements of the
a. F1—Fluid flow rate through the system under test standard if all of the following conditions are true:
b. T1—Fluid temperature leaving the system under test
c. T2—Fluid temperature entering the system under test a. The average load in the first hour is at least 90% of the
d. F2—Fluid flow rate through the thermal storage device first hour’s load in the specified load profile.
e. T3—Fluid temperature entering the thermal storage b. The maximum hour’s load is at least 90% of the maxi-
device mum hour’s load in the specified load profile.
f. T4—Fluid temperature leaving the thermal storage device c. The load at the critical discharge point is at least 90% of
g. T5—Fluid temperature entering the load the critical discharge load in the specified load profile.

The test critical discharge point occurs when the state of entering the thermal storage device. The density, specific
charge relative to the fully charged condition is within heat, and viscosity of a heat transfer fluid other than water
±10% of that specified by the test authority for the design shall be determined by one of the following methods.
critical discharge point. 7.3.1 The fluid properties of a glycol heat transfer fluid
d. The average load in the last hour is at least 90% of the last may be determined by a refractive index measurement.
hour’s load in the specified load profile.
e. The total cooling load, determined by summing the loads a. Determine glycol concentration in percent by volume
for each hour in the test load profile, is at least 95% of the from the refractive index measurement using data pro-
total cooling load in the specified load profile. vided by the manufacturer.
f. The average load in any hour is at least 25% of the load in b. Determine density and specific heat from the glycol con-
the corresponding hour in the specified load profile. The centration in percent by volume using data provided by the
corresponding hour is the first hour when the cumulative manufacturer or data published in 2017 ASHRAE Hand-
discharge in the specified load profile is equal to or book—Fundamentals 10, Chapter 31, “Physical Properties
greater than the current cumulative discharge. of Secondary Coolants (Brines).”
7.2.1.4 If the available cooling loads are not high enough 7.3.2 The fluid properties of a glycol or other heat transfer
to allow a valid test, they may be increased by measures fluid may be determined by a density measurement.
including, but not limited to, the following: a. Determine concentration in percent by volume from the
a. Not operating other sources of cooling density measurement using data provided by the heat trans-
b. Overriding economizer-free cooling fer fluid manufacturer or data published in 2017 ASHRAE
c. Operating existing or temporary heating devices in the Handbook—Fundamentals 10, Chapter 31, “Physical Prop-
conditioned space erties of Secondary Coolants (Brines).”
d. Operating existing or temporary heating devices in the b. Determine specific heat from the concentration in percent
cool-storage system by volume using data provided by the heat transfer fluid
manufacturer or data published in 2017 ASHRAE Hand-
7.2.2 Test Conditions for Discharge Test. The measured book—Fundamentals 10, Chapter 31, “Physical Properties
loads for the discharge test shall be equivalent to the dis- of Secondary Coolants (Brines).”
charge portion of the specified load profile, as determined by
Method 1 or Method 2 in Section 7.2.1.3. 7.3.3 Viscosity. If viscosity is a required parameter for flow
measurement, use data provided by the heat transfer manufac-
7.2.2.1 If the entire specified load profile has been
turer or data published in 2017 ASHRAE Handbook—
applied, and if the end of the test as specified in Section 8.3.4
Fundamentals 10, Chapter 31, “Physical Properties of Second-
has not been reached (i.e., the thermal storage device has not
ary Coolants (Brines).”
been fully discharged), continue applying the last hour’s load
until the end of the test is reached.
8. TEST PROCEDURES
7.2.2.2 Figures 2, 3, and 4 illustrate an example specified
load profile for a discharge test and two acceptable sequences 8.1 Initialization. Before any testing is performed, the ther-
of measured loads. mal storage device shall have been initialized as specified in
Section 5.1.
7.2.3 Test Conditions for Charge Test. In each hour of the
test period, chilled fluid shall be introduced to the thermal 8.2 Concurrent Testing. At the option of the test authority,
storage device at a supply temperature (T2) within ±0.5°C the discharge test, the cool-storage system capacity test, and
(1.0°F) and a charge flow rate (F2) within ±10% of those the cool-storage system efficiency test may be conducted con-
specified in the charge portion of the specified load profile. currently.
7.2.4 Test Conditions for Cool-Storage System Capacity 8.3 Discharge Test
Test
8.3.1 This test is intended to measure the amount of cool-
7.2.4.1 The measured loads for the cool-storage system ing energy that can be delivered from the thermal storage
capacity test shall be equivalent to the system loads in the device to meet the specified load profile. The boundary of the
specified load profile as determined by Method 1 in Section thermal storage device under test shall be defined by the test
7.2.1.3. authority in accordance with Section 7.1.3.
7.2.4.2 The system shall be operated in accordance with 8.3.2 The discharge test shall begin with the thermal stor-
the intended system operation, as specified under Section age device in the fully charged condition.
5.3(d).
8.3.3 Return fluid shall be supplied to the thermal storage
7.2.5 Test Conditions for Cool-Storage System Effi- device at the rate and at the temperatures determined by the
ciency Test. The requirements for the test conditions for the method given in Section 7.2.2. The intent of the test is to sub-
cool-storage system efficiency test are the same as those for ject the system to a load profile as close as possible to the
the cool-storage system capacity test. specified load profile. Acceptable deviations from specified
7.3 Determining Fluid Properties. Properties shall be deter- conditions shall be determined by the method given in Sec-
mined for the heat transfer fluid at the average temperature tion 7.2.2.

Figure 2 Example load profile for discharge test-specified load profile.
Figure 3 Example load profile for discharge test-equivalent by Method 1 (preferred).
Figure 4 Example load profile for discharge test-equivalent by Method 2 (alternate).

8.3.4 The discharge test shall continue until the thermal 9. DATA TO BE RECORDED
storage device reaches the fully discharged condition, as spec- 9.1 General. Record all measurements at the time intervals
ified under Section 5.3(k) or until the time available for dis- specified in Section 6.7. Record the time of each measure-
charging has elapsed. ment to the nearest second. For each test, record the following
8.3.5 Data shall be recorded as specified in Section 9.2. quantities at the time intervals specified in Section 6.7:
8.3.6 The total discharge capacity shall be calculated as
a. Dry-bulb temperature surrounding the thermal storage
specified in Section 10.2.
device
8.4 Charge Test b. Liquid level in thermal storage device (if applicable)
8.4.1 This test is intended to measure the amount of cool- c. Vertical thermal storage device array temperatures (if
ing that can be stored in the thermal storage device within the applicable)
time period available for charging. The boundaries of the
thermal storage device under test shall be defined by the test 9.2 Discharge Test. Record average values of the following
authority in accordance with Section 7.1.3. quantities at the time intervals specified in Section 6.7:
8.4.2 The charge test shall begin with the thermal storage a. F2—Fluid flow rate through the thermal storage device
device in the fully discharged condition. b. T3—Fluid temperature entering the thermal storage
8.4.3 Chilled fluid shall be supplied to the thermal storage device
device at the rate and at the temperatures determined by the c. T4—Fluid temperature leaving the thermal storage device
method given in Section 7.2.3. 9.3 Charge Test. Record average values of the following
8.4.4 The charge test shall continue until the thermal stor- quantities at the time intervals specified in 6.7:
age device reaches the fully charged condition or until the
maximum allowable charging period has elapsed. a. F2—Fluid flow rate through the thermal storage device
8.4.5 Data shall be recorded as specified in Section 9.3. b. T3—Fluid temperature entering the thermal storage
device
8.4.6 The total charge capacity shall be calculated as speci-
c. T4—Fluid temperature leaving the thermal storage device
fied in Section 10.3.
8.5 Cool-Storage System Capacity Test If the specified load profile calls for loads to be met
during charging, record average values of the following addi-
8.5.1 This test is intended to measure the ability of the sys-
tional quantities at the time intervals specified in Section 6.7:
tem to deliver cooling to the load. The boundary of the system
under test shall be defined by the test authority in accordance a. F3—Fluid flow rate to the load
with Section 7.1.2. b. T5—Fluid temperature entering the load
8.5.2 The cool-storage system capacity test shall begin with c. T6—Fluid temperature leaving the load
the thermal storage device in either the fully charged condi-
9.4 Cool-Storage System Capacity Test. Record average
tion or the fully discharged condition.
values of the following quantities at the time intervals speci-
8.5.3 Chilled fluid shall be supplied from the system at the fied in Section 6.7:
rate and at the temperatures determined by the method given
in Section 7.2.4. a. F1—Fluid flow rate through the system under test
8.5.4 Run the system through a complete cycle based on b. T1—Fluid temperature leaving the system under test
the specified load profile. This cycle shall include charging, c. T2—Fluid temperature entering the system under test
discharging, chiller-only operations, and any noncooling or 9.5 Cool-Storage System Efficiency Test. Record average
idle periods. The condition of the storage device at the end of values of the following quantities at the time intervals speci-
the cycle shall be the same as at the beginning of the cycle. fied in Section 6.7:
8.5.5 Data shall be recorded as specified in Section 9.4.
a. F1—Fluid flow rate through the system under test
8.5.6 The system capacity shall be calculated as specified
b. T1—Fluid temperature leaving the system under test
in Section 10.4.
c. T2—Fluid temperature entering the system under test
8.6 Cool-Storage System Efficiency Test d. Ein—Input energy for each component specified under
8.6.1 This test is intended to measure the cycle-specific Section 5.3(e)
energy use of the system while meeting the specified load
profile. The boundary of the system under test shall be 10. CALCULATION OF RESULTS
defined by the test authority in accordance with Section 7.1.2. 10.1 Nomenclature, Symbols, and Subscripts
8.6.2 Follow the steps given in Sections 8.5.2 through 8.5.4
 = density, kg/m3 (lb/ft3)
for the cool-storage system capacity test.
8.6.3 Measure the input energy of the components speci- cp = specific heat, kJ/kg·K (Btu/lb·°F)
fied under Section 5.3(e). F1,i = fluid flow rate from the system, L/s (gpm),
8.6.4 Data shall be recorded as specified in Section 9.5. average for recording interval i
8.6.5 The cycle-specific energy use shall be calculated as T1,i = fluid temperature entering the system, °C (°F),
specified in Section 10.5. average for recording interval i

T2,i = fluid temperature leaving the system, °C (°F), N ri
average for recording interval i
Q disch j =  Qdisch i (2)
F2,i = fluid flow rate to the thermal storage device, i=1
L/s (gpm), average for recording interval i
tD
T3,i = fluid temperature entering the thermal storage
device, °C (°F), average for recording interval i Q disch =  Qdisch j (3)
j=1
T4,i = fluid temperature leaving the thermal storage
device, °C (°F), average for recording interval i 10.3 Calculation of Charge Capacity from Temperature
and Flow Measurements
Qdisch,i = cooling energy discharged from storage,
kWhT (ton-hour), for recording interval i
c p t ri F 2 i  T 4 i – T 3 i 
Qdisch,j = cooling energy discharged from storage, Q ch arg e i = ------------------------------------------------------ (4)
C1
kWhT (ton-hour), for hour j
Qdisch = total cooling energy discharged from storage, N ri
kWhT (ton-hour), for discharge test Q ch arg e j =  Q charg e i (5)
i=1
Qcharge,i = cooling energy charged in storage,
kWhT (ton-hour), for recording interval i tC
Qcharge,j = cooling energy charged in storage, Q ch arg e =  Q charg e j (6)
kWhT (ton-hour), for hour j j=1
Qcharge = total cooling energy charged in storage, 10.4 Calculation of Cool-Storage System Capacity from
kWhT (ton-hour), for charge test Temperature and Flow Measurements
Qsys,i = cooling energy supplied to the load,
kWhT (ton-hour), for recording interval i c p t ri F 1 i  T 2 i – T 1 i 
Q sys i = ------------------------------------------------------ (7)
C1
Qsys,j = cooling energy supplied to the load,
kWhT (ton-hour), for hour j
N ri
Qsys = total cooling energy supplied to the load,
kWhT (ton-hour), for cool-storage system
Q sys j =  Q sys i (8)
i=1
capacity test
tS
Espec = cycle-specific energy use, kWhE/kWhT
(kWhE/ton-hour) Q sys =  Q sys j (9)
j=1
Ein = input energy of thermal storage system
components, kWhE or kWhT (Btu) 10.5 Calculation of Cycle-Specific Energy Consumption
stor = storage efficiency
E spec = 
E in
tD = number of hours in discharge test -------------
- (10)
Q sys
tC = number of hours in charge test
where
tS = number of hours in cool-storage system capacity
test or cool-storage system efficiency test • Ein is expressed in units of kWhE or kWhT (kWhE or Btu);
tri = recording interval, minutes • Ein is the total measured energy use of all equipment in
the cool-storage system, as defined in Section 5.3(e);
Nri = number of recording intervals per hour
• Qsys is the total cooling energy delivered to the load, from
Nri = 60/tri (Nri is an integer) Equation 9; and
C1 = unit conversion constant • Ein and Qsys are both measured over one or more com-
SI: C1 = (3600 kJ/kWhT)(1000 L/m3)/ plete storage cycles.
(60 s/min) = 60,000 10.6 Calculation of Storage Efficiency
IP: C1 = (12,000 Btu/ton·h)(7.48 gal/ft3) =
89,760 Q disch
 stor = ----------------
- (11)
Q ch arg e
10.2 Calculation of Discharge Capacity from Tempera-
ture and Flow Measurements where Qdisch and Qcharge are measured during consecutive
discharge and charge periods, which together make up one or
c p t ri F 2 i  T 4 i – T 3 i  more complete storage cycles that begin and end with the
Q dish i = ------------------------------------------------------ (1)
C1 storage device at the same condition.

11. TEST REPORT 4. ASHRAE. 2016. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.8, Stan-
The data obtained during the application of the standard shall dard Methods of Measurement of Flow of Liquids in
be reported on a standard form. The layout of the form shall Pipes Using Orifice Flowmeters. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
be as detailed in Appendix C. Data in addition to that shown 5. ISA. 1977. RP31.1, Recommended Practice Specifica-
in Appendix C may be provided at the discretion of the tester. tion, Installation, and Calibration of Turbine Flowme-
These data shall be included separately and not as part of the ters. Research Triangle Park, NC: International
standard form. Society for Measurement and Control.
The party performing the test shall certify on each test 6. ASHRAE. 2009. ASHRAE Guideline 11, Field Testing
report form that the test has been performed in accordance of HVAC Controls Components. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
with this standard. If any part of the test, including instrument 7. ASME. 2013. Power Test Code 19.5-2004 (R2013), Part 2
accuracy, test conditions, procedures, or other, has not satis- of Fluid Meters: Interim Supplement on Instruments
fied some provision of the standard, the party performing the and Apparatus. New York: The American Society of
test shall provide an explanation of the discrepancy as part of Mechanical Engineers.
the test report. 8. CTI. 2008. CTI 146, Code Tower Specifications for Liq-
uid Flow Measurement. Houston: Cooling Technology
12. REFERENCES Institute.
1. ASHRAE. 2019. ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, 9. ASME. 2011. ANSI/ASME MFC-10M-2000 (R2011),
Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration. Method for Establishing Installation Effects on Flow-
http://www.ashrae.org/ashraeterms. meters. New York: The American Society of Mechani-
2. ASME. 2013. ANSI/ASME PTC 19.1, Test Uncertainty. cal Engineers.
New York: The American Society of Mechanical 10. ASHRAE. 2017. ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals.
Engineers. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
3. ASHRAE. 2013. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1, Stan- 11. ASHRAE. 2016. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 125, Method
dard Method for Temperature Measurement. Atlanta: of Testing Thermal Energy Meters for Liquid Streams
ASHRAE. in HVAC Systems. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely sampled flow velocity can be accurately related to the average
informative and does not contain requirements necessary flow velocity.
for conformance to the standard. It has not been pro- A2.1 Axial Turbine Meters. Axial turbine meters measure
cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard fluid flow by counting the rotations of the rotor that is placed
and may contain material that has not been subject to in a flow stream. Axial turbine meters can be full-bore type or
public review or a consensus process.) insertion type. Full-bore turbine meters have an axial rotor
and a housing that is sized for a specific installation.
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A Turbine insertion meters allow the axial turbine to be
DISCUSSION OF FLUID FLOW inserted into the fluid stream and use the existing pipe as the
MEASUREMENT METHODS meter body. These types of meters can be hot-tapped into
existing pipes through a valving system without having to
A1. INTRODUCTION
shut down the system.
Choosing a flowmeter for a particular application requires The insertion turbine meter may have one or two tur-
knowledge of the following: bines. The single turbine only measures the fluid velocity at a
small cross-sectional area of the flow. Therefore, total volu-
a. Accuracy required
metric flow rate can only be accurately inferred if the meter
b. Fluid type and its properties, including temperature, den-
location provides fully developed flow conditions with mini-
sity, pressure, viscosity, cleanliness of the fluid (turbidity),
mal rotational or skew components. The manufacturer’s spec-
and levels of aeration
ifications rely on providing these conditions. This type of
c. Flow conditions the meter is to encounter, including the
flow is typically found in long, straight sections of pipe with
range of expected flow velocities and flow profile at the
stable flow conditions.
point of measurement
A dual turbine insertion meter offers the advantage of
d. Budget available counter-rotating turbines, thereby reducing the impacts of
In general, flow sensors can be grouped into four differ- rotational flow while increasing the cross-sectional area
ent meter types: observed.
Insertion meters can be used on pipes above 50 mm (2 in.)
a. Differential pressure flowmeters (e.g., orifice plate meter, diameter with very low pressure loss. The rate of rotation of
venturi meter, pitot tube meter) the turbine, driven by the fluid, provides an output that is lin-
b. Obstruction flowmeters (e.g., variable-area meter, positive ear with flow rate over a wide range. This output can usually
displacement meter, turbine meter, tangential paddle- be obtained either as a signal pulse representing a quantity of
wheel meter, target meter, vortex meter, insertion mag- fluid flow or as a frequency or analog signal proportional to
netic meter) flow rate. Though they are somewhat vulnerable to large
c. Noninterfering meters (e.g., ultrasonic meter, full-bore debris in the flow stream, insertion turbine meters offer excel-
magnetic meter) lent accuracy at a reasonable price.
d. Mass flowmeters (e.g., Coriolis mass flowmeter, angular A2.2 Vortex Meters. Vortex meters utilize the same physical
momentum mass flowmeter) effect that makes telephone wires oscillate in the wind
While there are specific applications for each of these between telephone poles. This effect is due to oscillating
metering technologies, this section discusses the most com- instabilities in fluid flow after it splits into two streams
mon liquid flow measurement devices that are used in con- around a blunt object. Vortex meters have no moving parts
junction with temperature measurements to determine the and are suitable for gas, steam, or liquid flow measurements.
thermal energy in a fluid flow. Differential pressure flowme- They require minimal maintenance and have good accuracy
ters will not be discussed due to the extensive availability of and long-term repeatability. Vortex meters provide a linear
literature on the subject. digital or analog output.
A2.3 Insertion Magnetic Meters. Insertion magnetic meters
A2. OBSTRUCTION SAMPLING-TYPE use Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction to facilitate
FLOWMETERS the measurement of sampled flow. Insertion magnetic meters
Several types of obstruction sampling-type flowmeters have are available with single or multiple sensors per probe.
been developed that are capable of providing a linear output Greater accuracy can be obtained if multiple probes are used
signal over a wide range of flow rates, often without the severe at each measurement location. They offer excellent accuracy
pressure-loss penalty that is incurred with orifice plate or ven- at a reasonable price and are typically provided with analog
turi meters. These include the variable-area meter, positive dis- outputs.
placement meter, axial turbine meter, tangential paddle-wheel
meter, target meter, vortex meter, and insertion magnetic A3. NONINTERFERING FLOWMETERS
meter. In general, these meters place a much smaller target, In all of the previously mentioned meters, some interference
weight, spinning wheel, or sensor in the flow stream that with the flow stream was necessary to extract a measurement.
allows the velocity of the fluid to be determined. The informa- A relatively new class of meters has been developed that are
tion gathered is representative only of the sampled flow. Care able to extract a measurement without placing an obstruction
in calibration and installation must be given to ensure that the into the fluid stream.

A3.1 Ultrasonic Flowmeters. Two basic types of ultrasonic A4. THERMAL PRODUCT
flowmeters available for general use are transit time and Dop- ENERGY USE MEASUREMENTS
pler. Transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters measure fluid veloci-
An accurate thermal product energy use measurement
ties by detecting small differences in the transit time of sound
requires a calibrated flowmeter, density and specific heat con-
waves that are projected across a fluid stream. Various
stants for the fluid being measured, and temperature measure-
designs have been developed that use multiple pass, multiple
ments for the supply and return temperatures.
path configurations. Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters have
been developed that now facilitate rapid measurement of fluid One method of recording the thermal product energy use
velocities in pipes of varying sizes. Typical levels of manufac- (e.g., the cooling provided by the building chillers) is with an
turers’ stated flow uncertainty are 1% to 3% of actual flow, energy meter. An energy meter, either as a standalone device
5% of actual flow in pipe diameters less than 300 mm (12 in.), or as part of a larger recording system, performs an internal
or 2% of full scale. energy flow calculation in real time based on inputs from a
Doppler ultrasonic flowmeters measure fluid velocities flowmeter and supply and return temperature sensors. With
by sensing the velocity of small particles or air bubbles stable specific heat and density constants and accurate sen-
entrained in the fluid with sound waves that are shot at an sors, electronic energy meters can offer accuracy better than
angle across a fluid stream. Such meters require a certain 3%. These meters are most attractive on larger or more-criti-
amount of particles and air in the fluid to reflect the signal for cal installations where accuracy is a prime concern. A side
detection by the receiver. Doppler-effect meters are available benefit is the availability of real-time operating data, such as
with stated flow uncertainties between 2% and 5% of full flow rate, supply and return temperatures, and thermal prod-
scale and are normally less expensive than transit-time ultra- uct rate. Many also offer totalization. When measuring the
sonic meters. narrow differential temperature (°T) range typical of chilled-
It should be noted that ultrasonic flowmeters are difficult water systems, the two temperature sensors should be
to field calibrate. These meters are velocity-dependent devices matched or calibrated to the tightest tolerance possible. For
and are highly vulnerable to errors caused by poor pipe and the purpose of computing thermal loads in Btu per hour or
flow conditions and by improper installation techniques, as are tons of refrigeration, it is more important that the sensors be
the obstruction types of flowmeters. The use of manufacturer’s matched or calibrated with respect to one another than for
stated accuracy for field applications can be risky. The uncer- their calibration to be traceable to a standard. Attention to this
tainty in the flow measurement should be considered to be 5% detail will maximize the accuracy of the thermal load compu-
at best for pipe diameters less than 300 mm (12 in.) when pipe tation. Suppliers of temperature sensors can provide sets of
and flow conditions are unknown. The larger the diameter of matched devices when ordered for this purpose. Typical pur-
pipe, the less vulnerable the measurement is to unknown pipe chasing specifications are for a matched set of RTD assem-
or flow conditions. Greater confidence can be placed in the blies (each consisting of RTD probe, holder, connection head
measured data when stable flow conditions are verified. with terminal strip, and stainless steel thermowell) calibrated
to indicate the same temperature within a tolerance of 0.1°C
A3.2 Full-Bore Magnetic Flowmeters. Magnetic flowme- (0.15°F) over the range –5°C to 25°C (25°F to 75°F). A cali-
ters use Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction to mea- bration data sheet should be provided with each set.
sure the average flow velocity in a pipe. Magnetic coils
surround the flow, using a pulsed DC or AC generated field to A5. REFERENCES
produce a signal. The signal is proportional to the average
velocity in the pipe and is nearly unaffected by flow profile. Houghton, D. 1996. Tech Update: Know Your Flow. Boulder,
Manufacturers of pulsed DC excited magnetic flowmeters CO: E Source, Inc.
have a stated flow uncertainty of 1% within a 10:1 turndown Liptak, B. (ed.). 2003. Instrument Engineers’ Handbook, Vol.
if flow velocity is greater than 0.15 m/s (0.5 ft/s). AC excited 1: Process Measurement & Analysis, Instrument Engi-
magnetic flowmeters have a stated flow uncertainty of 1% to neer’s Handbook, 4th ed. Radnor, PA: Chilton Book
2% full scale. Company.

(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for con-
formance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain
material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B
EXAMPLE COOL-STORAGE SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION SCHEMATICS
The figures provided in this appendix show suggested locations of sensors for some cool-storage system configurations. The fig-
ures also show the thermal storage device boundary as a shaded area and the cool-storage system boundary as a dotted line. For
systems not shown in this appendix, use the general principles of instrumentation placement as applied in this appendix to
develop a schematic for the system under test.
Figure B-1 Basic stratified chilled-water configuration.

Notes:
(1) F1 may be located upstream of T2.
(3) F2 must be a bidirectional flowmeter.

Figure B-2 Pressure control for stratified chilled-water storage.
Note: F2 must be a bidirectional flowmeter.
Figure B-3 Basic stratified chilled-water configuration.

Notes:
(3) F2 must be a bidirectional flowmeter.

Figure B-4 Three ice harvester pumping configurations: (a) single, constant-flow pump with heat exchanger; (b) dual constant-flow
pumps with heat exchanger and bypass to tank during discharge; and (c) dual pumps with heat exchanger and 100% return to tank
during discharge cycle.
Notes:
(2) T1 and T2 as is with or without heat exchanger
Figure B-5 Secondary coolant external melt ice-on-coil configuration.

Note: F1 may be located upstream of T2.

Figure B-6 Typical internal melt storage configuration: (a) chiller upstream and (b) chiller downstream.

Figure B-7 Typical encapsulated ice configuration (a) chiller upstream and (b) chiller downstream.

(This is a normative appendix and is part of the standard.)
NORMATIVE APPENDIX C
TEST REPORT FORMS
The forms provided in this appendix shall be used for reporting the data obtained in applying the standard.

Example Schematic Diagram—Basic Stratified Chilled-Water Configuration

.

POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.
ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of
the systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide,
consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the
indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established by
itself and other responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote
those new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date Standards and design considerations as the
material is systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and
will seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating
Standards and Guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the
system’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and
energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection
should be made by its members.
ASHRAE · 1791 Tullie Circle NE · Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org
About ASHRAE
ASHRAE, founded in 1894, is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the
built environment. The Society and its members focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality,
refrigeration, and sustainability. Through research, Standards writing, publishing, certification and continuing
education, ASHRAE shapes tomorrow’s built environment today.
For more information or to become a member of ASHRAE, visit www.ashrae.org.
To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards.
Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore

ASHRAE offers its Standards and Guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, and via ASHRAE Digital
Collections, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions of publications.
Selected Standards and Guidelines are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes made between the
active Standard or Guideline and its previous edition. For more information, visit the Standards and Guidelines
section of the ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore.
IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUT THIS STANDARD
To ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretations for this
Standard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.
Addenda, errata, and interpretations for ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are no
longer distributed with copies of the Standards and Guidelines. ASHRAE provides
these addenda, errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote
more sustainable use of resources.
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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2000)

Method of Testing the

© 2019 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336

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2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019 3

4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019 5

1 0 756 756 4064 — — –4.1 –0.2 –0.2 –4.1 — 50

2 0 753 753 4817 — — –4.2 –0.4 –0.4 –4.2 — 50

3 0 747 747 5563 — — –4.4 –0.6 –0.6 –4.4 — 50

4 0 738 738 6301 — — –4.7 –0.9 –0.9 –4.7 — 50

5 0 738 738 7039 — — –4.7 –0.9 –0.9 –4.7 — 50

19 1055 1055 0 339 3.3 8.6 3.3 3.3 8.6 3.3 50 50

23 0 761 761 2549 — — –3.9 –0.1 –0.1 –3.9 — 50

24 0 759 759 3308 — — –3.9 –0.1 –0.1 –3.9 — 50

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

1 0 215 215 1156 — — 24.7 31.6 31.6 24.7 — 800

2 0 214 214 1370 — — 24.5 31.3 31.3 24.5 — 800

3 0 212 212 1582 — — 24.1 30.9 30.9 24.1 — 800

4 0 210 210 1792 — — 23.6 30.3 30.3 23.6 — 800

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

23 0 216 216 725 — — 25.0 31.9 31.9 25.0 — 800

24 0 216 216 941 — — 24.9 31.8 31.8 24.9 — 800

1 0 1882 1882 14166 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

2 0 1882 1882 16048 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

3 0 1882 1882 17930 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

4 0 1882 1882 19811 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

5 0 1882 1882 21693 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

6 0 1882 1882 23574 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

7 0 1882 1882 25315 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

9 1407 0 –1407 21798 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 34 –34

10 1759 0 –1759 20040 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 42 –42

11 2638 0 –2638 17402 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63

12 2638 0 –2638 14764 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63

13 3517 0 –3517 11247 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 84 –84

15 2638 0 –2638 4565 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63

16 2638 0 –2638 1927 5.6 15.6 15.6 5.6 15.6 — 63 –63

21 0 1882 1882 6640 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

22 0 1882 1882 8522 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

23 0 1882 1882 10403 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

24 0 1882 1882 12285 — — 4.4 15.6 15.6 4.4 — 41

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

1 0 535 535 4030 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

2 0 535 535 4565 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

3 0 535 535 5100 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

4 0 535 535 5635 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 150-2019

6 0 535 535 6705 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

7 0 535 535 7200 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642

21 0 535 535 1890 — — 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 — 642