15-JWM-Module 15 Mechanical Plumbing and El PDF

Module
15A
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Design Standards
January 2009
15A - Mechanical Systems JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Contents
15A.1 General Requirements 1
15A.2 Building Cooling/Heating Load Calculations 2
15A.3 HVAC System Requirements 3
15A.4 Central Cooling Plant 5
15A.5 Central Heating Plant 9
15A.6 Piping Systems 11
15A.7 Air Side Systems 14
15A.8 Duct work 21
15A.9 Smoke Exhaust Systems <14> 23
15A.10 Fuel Oil System 26
15A.11 Building Commissioning 26
15A.12 Building Automation System (BAS) 27
Module Organization
• This Module is a part of an integrated series of 17 Modules.
• Coordination with information from other Modules is required.
• The reference symbol <XX> is used to indicate a Module reference that
includes additional information.
Marriott Confidential & Proprietary Information
The contents of the Design Standards are confidential and proprietary to
Marriott International, Inc. and may not be reproduced, disclosed, distributed
or used without the express permission of an authorized representative of
Marriott.
Copyright, Marriott International, Inc., unpublished material. All rights reserved.
A Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts Mechanical Systems - 15A
15A.1 General Requirements

A. Codes and Standards:
1. Any proposed deviations from these Standards must
be submitted in writing and approved by Marriott
International (MI) Engineering. Deviations that alter
operating costs must also include a complete computer
simulated life cycle cost analysis so that any negative
impact can be reflected in the operating Pro-Forma.
2. Information contained in this Module sets minimum MI
requirements and is not intended to provide complete
design solutions to project specific situations.
3. Comply with the more stringent of governing laws,
applicable governing codes and regulations, and the MI
Design Standards. Refer conflicts to MI Engineering
for resolution.
4. Requirements in these Standards will be installed by
the mechanical contractor and must be included in the
mechanical design documents with references to other
documents as required.
5. Zurich Global: Fired pressure vessels, boilers, boiler
tanks and their safety trains (controls that include
combustion safeguards, safety shutoff valves, over
temperature protection and pressure relief valves) are
required to be Zurich Global approved.
B. Building Pressures: Design building to maintain positive
pressure, maintain environmental requirements (temperature
and humidity) and ensure guest comfort.
1. Minimum outside air intake quantities must exceed
building exhaust quantities by 10% on a floor-by-floor
basis. Provide complete airflow matrix showing supply,
return, exhaust, and outside air quantities on each
HVAC floor plan.
2. In high-rise buildings, consider “chimney or stack
effects” and the resulting infiltration. The use of entry
vestibules, with a revolving door will significantly
reduce stack effect. See Module <2A> for application
of architectural requirements at Lobby entrance.
C. Equipment Selection: Select and provide equipment,
components and specified materials rated for applicable
service, environment, temperatures and pressures.
1. Design and select outside equipment for project specific
conditions complete with factory applied corrosion
resistant coatings. Equipment designed for interior use
may not be installed outside.
D. Fire Protection / Life Safety: See Module <14>.
Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 1

E. Environmental Requirements: Design and select equipment

to maintain indoor space temperature and humidity
conditions when using outside air and supply requirements
for occupants and internal heat gain in compliance with
Table 15A.1 – HVAC Environmental Requirements at end
of this document.
F. Dimensions, Sizes and Measurements: In this Standard,
conversions from English to metric (SI) units are
approximate. Verify, coordinate and confirm product and
material dimensions for required design applications.
15A.2 Building Cooling/Heating Load Calculations
A. Reference: Latest edition of ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals or equivalent local design standard.
B. Method: Utilize the Cooling Load Temperature Difference
(CLTD) as defined in ASHRAE.
C. Outdoor Design Conditions: Utilize the ASHRAE 1% annual
cooling dry bulb and mean coincident wet bulb temperature
(columns 9c and 9d) and the 99.6% annual heating dry bulb
temperature (column 3a).
D. Review: Obtain MI Engineering approval of load
calculations, psychometric analysis and equipment
selections prior to beginning the design process.
E. Procedures: Prepare performance calculations for purposes
of selecting project central plant equipment.
1. Capacity of central cooling plant is based on building
block loads in compliance with the following
conditions:
a. Guestrooms: 25% occupancy with sheers closed
in all guestrooms; interior lighting loads in guest
corridors.
b. Ballroom, Meeting Room and Pre-function
Occupancy: Assume load at one person per 0.93 m²
(10 sq. ft.) for block cooling load purposes.
c. System provides sufficient capacity to meet peak
cooling loads but must be capable of operating ef-
ficiently at part load conditions without excessive
amounts of spare capacity.
d. Central Heating Plant: Assume no credit for solar
heat gain or internal heat gains such as people,
lights or appliances in design of space heating
system or selection of equipment.
2 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

15A.3 HVAC System Requirements

A. General Design Parameters:
1. Design entire HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning) system to be cost effective, quiet and
energy efficient.
2. Design system to be as fully automatic as practical, and
allow for easy maintenance by local service personnel.
3. Provide sufficient clearances, door access and
routing in compliance with manufacturers’ minimum
requirements, to allow routine maintenance and removal
and replacement of system components.
4. Use common clearances for service of equipment to
minimize overall room dimensions.
5. Access to mechanical spaces may only be in non-public
areas.
6. Locate louvers and exterior mechanical equipment
away from vantage points of public and guest view.
7. Utilize linear slot diffusers for supply and return in
public spaces. Coordinate with MI Interior Design.
8. Avoid placement of access panels in public spaces.
Where required coordinate location with MI Interior
Design.
B. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ):
1. High IAQ is a critical component of guest comfort and
is achieved through the proper design of the building
air systems.
2. Provide air quality, including filtering and humidity
control, in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62.1
2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and
ASHRAE Standard 55 2004 Thermal Environmental
Conditions for Human Occupancy.
3. Give special consideration to spaces such as kitchens,
fitness centers, pools, spas etc. to ensure proper
environmental conditions and to avoid odor migration
to surrounding areas.
4. Design rooms containing refrigeration equipment
in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 15. Provide
visual alarm outside the space and connect to Building
Automation System.
C. Energy Efficiency: MI has adopted a significantly aggressive
environmental policy. At a minimum, design the HVAC
systems in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2004,
Energy Efficiency in Buildings or local Energy Code.
1. Provide a complete computer simulated life cycle cost
analysis for alternate HVAC systems and equipment
that may be considered for implementation.

2. Evaluate each of the following alternates with MI

Engineering with respect to application, practicality
and cost effectiveness.
3. Investigate the use of alternate or renewable energy
options including free cooling, heat recovery, thermal
storage, solar power, solar hot water and swimming
pool heat, wind power, geothermal cooling / heating
and deep water cooling.
4. Based on project geographic location alternate energy
sources will be considered such as electric, gas and oil
as well as alternate HVAC systems including two pipe
fan coils with electric heat in guestrooms.
D. Noise Criteria:
1. Design systems and select mechanical equipment to
minimize the transmission of sound and vibration.
2. Isolate duct work, piping and equipment suspended
from structures.
3. Select equipment, air distribution systems, and air
devices not to exceed the following NC (Noise Criteria)
or RC (Room Criteria) levels:
Space Guestrooms Public Back-of-House
Maximum NC or RC Level  NC / RC 30 NC / RC 35 NC / RC 40
Hertz (Hz) NC / RC db NC / RC db NC / RC db
31.5 - / 55 - / 60 - / 65
63 57 / 50 60 / 55 64 / 60
125 47 / 45 53 / 50 57 / 55
250 41 / 40 46 / 45 51 / 50
500 35 / 35 40 / 40 45 / 45
1000 31 / 30 36 / 35 41 / 40
2000 29 / 25 34 / 30 39 / 35
4000 28 / 20 33 / 25 38 / 30
8000 27 / - 32 / - 37 / -
4. Select cooling towers to maintain sound level of 45 dB

or lower at a distance of 15 m (50 ft.). Perform acoustic
analysis when cooling towers are located adjacent to
guestrooms or guest areas.

15A.4 Central Cooling Plant

A. Design Considerations: A central cooling plant is required
for its energy and operating efficiency. The plant typically
consists of high efficiency water cooled chillers with a
variable primary chilled water pumping system, variable
speed condenser water pumping system and cooling towers.
Accessories include expansion tanks, air separators and
chemical water treatment system.
1. Service: Plant supplies chilled water to central station
air handling units (AHU’s) in public and back of house
spaces and fan coil units (FCU’s) in guestrooms.
2. Location: Strategically locate chiller plant to minimize
pipe and conduit runs, preferably at grade to facilitate
maintenance. Locate chiller plant above water table and
protect from flooding.
3. Provide blind flanges and valves in chilled water system
for connection of temporary equipment.
4. Provide bypass with comfort valve for minimum chiller
flow in the event of either a chiller or VFD failure.
B. Chillers:
1. Quantity: Minimum two piped in parallel. Single
chillers with dual compressors are not acceptable.
2. Type: Electric water cooled centrifugal (>300 tons) or
rotary screw chillers (<300 tons) with factory mounted
starters and microprocessor controls with contact points
for external connection from Building Automation
System. Chillers shall utilize either R123 or R134a
refrigerant.
3. Capacity Selection: If two chillers are used, select each
at 65% of peak load. For projects with peak load greater
than 1,600 tons, select three chillers at 40%.
4. Efficiency Range: Chillers may not exceed 0.52 to
0.54 kW/ton at full load. Specify NPLV part load
efficiencies.
5. Water Temperatures: Chilled water supply 5.5° C
(42° F) with a range of 5.5° to 7.8° C (10° to 14° F).
6. Mounting: Install chillers on 15 cm (6 inch) reinforced
concrete pads with spring isolators. Provide flexible
pipe connectors at inlets and outlets of each chiller to
isolate piping system.
7. Variable Speed Drives (VFD): Provide VFD on one
chiller if either 1.) a individual chiller is not capable
of unloading below 25% of design capacity, or 2.) the
ambient conditions allow significant hours of condenser
water temperature relief..

8. Chiller System Heat Recovery: In projects where there is

a requirement for hot water for reheat and / or a constant
domestic hot water load, condenser heat recovery must
be utilized. Acceptable methods include:
a. Addition of a rotary chiller with the condenser
dedicated to pre-heating domestic hot water.
b. Chiller load can be controlled by the domestic hot
water demand to provide condenser water between
110° and 140° F. Optimize the water temperature
/ flow for maximum efficiency of the pre-heat
system.
c. Appropriate heat exchangers, pumps and controls
are provided for automatic operation.
d. The chilled water should be piped in parallel to
the main chiller plant.
e. Addition of an auxiliary condenser water
bundle to the lead chiller to provide a separate
circuit for HVAC reheat where required for
dehumidification.
f. The auxiliary condenser size, temperatures and
flow are selected for maximum efficiency.
g. Appropriate pumps and controls are provided for
automatic operation.
9. Region Requirements: Consult with MI Engineering to
determine these requirements:
a. In some regions, air cooled screw chillers may be
appropriate. Provide high efficiency chillers rated
at 0.57 kW/ton with copper condenser tubes, fins
and factory applied corrosion resistant coating.
b. Redundancy: Based on geographic location, avail-
ability of factory trained local service personnel
and spare parts, additional chillers, pumps and
cooling towers may be required.
10. Controls: Chiller plant optimization package to control
chillers, pumps, cooling towers and valves must be stand
alone by the chiller manufacturer with an interface to
the Building Automation System.
11. Manufacturers: Trane, Carrier, York, and McQuay.

C. Cooling Towers:
1. Quantity: Same as chillers.
2. Type: Induced draft type completely constructed of
stainless steel and / or fiberglass with drift eliminators,
variable frequency drives for air side control, premium
efficiency motors, electronic water level control,
basin heaters (if required to prevent freezing), and
OSHA approved access ladders and platforms. Tower
is minimum 2 cells with each cell fully independent
of the other so that one cell may be drained for repair
while the other is operating.
3. Sizing: Capacities meet the chillers selected at
ASHRAE 0.4% annual cooling evaporation wet bulb
temperature (column 10a). Deviation requires approval
of MI Engineering.
4. Water Temperatures: Condenser water supply between
27° to 29° C (80° to 85° F) within a range of 5.5° C
(10° F).
5. Piping: Connect cooling towers in parallel and provide
full line size bypass with automatic 3 way valve for
use when condenser water temperatures drop below
minimum requirements of chiller manufacturer.
6. Isolation: Mount cooling towers on structural steel
rail supports with spring vibration isolators. Provide
flexible pipe connectors at inlets and outlets of each
tower to isolate the piping system.
7. Provide cooling towers with basin scavenging systems
and sand filters.
8. Region Requirement: Consult with MI Engineering for
these requirements.
a. Where appropriate for ambient conditions, design
chilled water system with waterside economizer
containing plate and frame heat exchangers se-
lected at 2° F approach with flow rates and pres-
sure drops the same as one chiller.
b. Where ambient wet bulb temperature is excep-
tionally high, consult chiller manufacturer for
specifications of chillers using higher temperature
condenser water supply.
c. Consider use of sea water for condenser water with
parallel titanium plate and frame heat exchangers
selected at 2° F approach.
9. Manufacturers: BAC, Marley, Evapco, and Pro Tech.

D. Pumps for Chilled Water System:

1. Design: Perform accurate system head calculations
with prudent but not excessive consideration of safety
factors to eliminate operation in an overload condition
and eliminate excessive differential pressures across
valves.
2. Type: Centrifugal base mounted, 1,750 rpm with
premium efficiency motors.
3. Primary Chilled Water: One variable speed chilled
water pump for each chiller plus one additional variable
speed pump for standby with piping and valves for cross
connection to other pumps.
4. Condenser Water: One variable speed condenser water
pump for each chiller plus one additional variable speed
pump for standby with piping and valves for cross
connection to other pumps.
5. Piping:
a. Provide automatic line size shutoff valve and suc-
tion diffuser on pump suction.
b. Provide full size valve and blind flange in chilled
water supply and return for connection of tempo-
rary chiller in the event of a failure.
6. Mounting: Install pumps on 10 cm (4 inch) high
concrete housekeeping pads with concrete inertia bases
and spring isolators. Provide flexible pipe connectors
at suction and discharge of each pump to isolate the
piping system. Concrete inertia bases are not required
when pumps are mounted on a slab on grade.
E. Water Cooled Refrigeration Equipment:
1. Connect coolers, freezers and ice machines to individual
condenser water system with closed circuit cooling
tower.
2. Provide each unit with water supply of 0.1 l / s (1.5 gpm)
per hp.
3. Backup Power: Connect coolers, freezers, cooling
tower and pumps to backup power from standby power
source <15C>.
F. Miscellaneous:
1. Provide condensate recovery system for all AHU’s and
FCU’s and pipe to cooling towers for makeup water.
2. In enclosed stairs where guest use is included in the
design as a consistent route to other property spaces,
provide cooling between 24 to 29° C (75 to 85° F) for
guest comfort, otherwise provide ventilation.
3. In mixed use facilities chilled water to each component
is individually metered. Consult MI Engineering for
project specific requirements.

15A.5 Central Heating Plant

A. Design Considerations: The central heating plant is required
because of its energy and operating efficiency. The plant
consists of high efficiency, gas fired, hot water boilers
with a hydraulically separate primary / secondary hot
water pumping system with “bridge”, expansion tank, air
separator and shell and tube heat exchangers for heating
hot water, double wall shell and tube heat exchanges for
domestic hot water, laundry and kitchen systems.
B. Service: Plant supplies heating hot water to central station
AHU’s in public and back of house spaces and FCU’s in
guestrooms.
1. Location: Strategically locate heating plant to minimize
pipe and conduit lengths, but outside of conditioned
area, preferably at grade to facilitate maintenance.
Locate heating plant equipment above water table and
protect from flooding.
C. Boilers:
1. Quantity: Minimum two piped in parallel.
2,000,000 Btuh input modular gas fired with stainless
steel heat exchangers. Fire tube boilers are not
allowed.
2. Sizing: Quantity required to meet simultaneous peak
load for building heating and outside makeup air unit
reheat.
3. Efficiency: Minimum 90%.
4. Water Temperatures: Primary hot water supply loop
minimum 82° C (180°F). Design so that return water
temperature is sufficient to eliminate the possibility of
condensation in boilers.
5. Water Circulation: Minimum through boiler to comply
with manufacturer but not less than 0.0632 l / s (1 gpm)
per 34,815 kJ (33,000 Btu) of boiler input.
a. Continuous water flow through boilers under all
operating conditions to minimize thermal shock
conditions.
b. Position pipe so automatic valves do not bypass
water around boiler.
6. Mounting: Install boilers on 10 cm (4 inch) reinforced
concrete pads.
7. Region Requirements: Consult with MI Engineering to
determine these requirements.
a. Gas fired steam boilers.
b. Steam to hot water, shell and tube heat
exchangers.

c. Redundancy: Based on geographic location and

availability of factory trained local service per-
sonnel and spare parts, additional boilers, heat
exchangers and pumps may be required.
8. Controls: Manufacturers’ stand alone digital based
microprocessor with lead / lag control, circulating pump
controls, boiler / burner staging and contact points for
external connection of Building Automation System.
9. Manufacturers: Lochinvar, RBI, AO Smith, and
GasMaster.
D. Pumps for Heating Hot Water System:
1. Design: Perform accurate system head calculations with
prudent but not excessive consideration of safety factors to
eliminate operation in an overload condition and eliminate
excessive differential pressures across valves.
2. Type: Centrifugal base mounted, 1,750 rpm with
3. Sizing: Select for maximum efficiency, minimum 10%
larger than calculated brake horsepower with flows to
match equipment.
4. Primary Hot Water: One constant speed and volume
for each boiler plus one additional pump for standby
with piping and valves for cross connection to other
pumps.
5. Secondary Hot Water Pumps: Multiple zoning to
consist of minimum two pumps (one standby) for
each of the following systems; fan coil system, AHU
system, domestic hot water system and laundry hot
water system. Equip pumps with variable frequency
drives and premium duty motors rated for inverter
duty. Locate pressure sensors in most remote areas of
the building.
6. Piping: Provide line size shutoff valve and suction
diffuser on pump suction triple duty valve on pump
discharge.
7. Mounting: Install pumps on 10 cm (4 inch) high
concrete housekeeping pads with concrete inertia bases
and spring isolators. Provide flexible pipe connectors
at suction and discharge of each pump to isolate the
piping system. Concrete inertia bases are not required
when pumps are mounted slab on grade.
E. Miscellaneous:
1. Stairwells: Provide heating in stairwells to maintain
minimum 10° C (40° F).
2. Front Entrance Vestibule: In cold climates, provide heat
in vestibule to maintain minimum 10° C (50° F). See
Module <2>.

3. Provide radiant slab heat at external Bell Stand in
locations where winter temperatures drop consistently
below 32° F (0° C). See Module <2>.
4. In mixed use facilities heating hot water to each
component is individually metered. Consult MI
Engineering for project specific requirements.
15A.6 Piping Systems
A. Water Treatment: NALCO provides complete automated
water treatment system to prevent premature pipe failure,
loss of efficiency and heat transfer in chilled water,
condenser water and heating hot water systems. Install
corrosion coupon racks during construction.
1. Water Analysis: Obtain a complete current water
analysis from the local water authority during the
design process.
a. Address issues of corrosion, scale formation, bio-
logical growth and suspended solid matter.
b. If a complete current water analysis is not avail-
able, obtain a water sample to submit to a labora-
tory approved by Engineering.
2. Chilled Water System: Design a complete automatic
shot feeder system with bulk chemical storage for
corrosion inhibitors and antimicrobials.
3. Condenser Water System: Design a complete automatic
system with total dissolved solids meter with flow
through cell, a chemical proportioning pump, a solenoid
controlled adjustable flow bleed valve, automatic
blow down and bulk chemical storage for corrosion
inhibitors, deposit disbursements, antimicrobials and
pH adjustment chemicals.
4. Heating Hot Water System: Include in the design
complete automatic shot feeder system with bulk
chemical storage for corrosion inhibitors and
antimicrobials.
5. Provide makeup meters for condenser water and heating
hot water systems.
B. Pipe Material: Provide the following:
1. Chilled Water and Heating Hot Water Systems: Either
schedule 40 black steel (welded, screwed or grooved),
type “L” copper, or “Aquatherm” polypropylene piping
systems.
2. Condenser Water System: Either schedule 40 black
steel (welded, screwed, or grooved), type “L” copper,
“Aquatherm” polypropylene piping systems, or schedule
40 CPVC. Use of CPVC is limited to piping of less than
75 mm (3 inch). Do not install CPVC piping outside.

3. Galvanized pipe may not be used for HVAC systems.

4. Di-electric Unions: Must be provided for connections
of different materials.
5. Solder for Copper: 95 / 5 tin antimony lead solder.
C. Pipe Sizing: Size water piping based on the following:
1. 50 mm (2 inch) and Smaller: 1.2 m / sec (4 fps) maximum
velocity in chilled, hot and condenser piping.
2. 50 mm (2 inch) and Larger: 2.4 m / sec (8 fps) maximum
velocity in chilled, hot and condenser piping.
3. Pressure Drop: 11.96 kPa (4 ft of water column) per
30.5 m (100 ft.) maximum pipe pressure drop in any
system.
D. Pipe Supports: Provide clevis or Uni-strut trapeze hangers
with spacing for steel or copper piping system supports
based on pipe diameter plus provide supports on both sides
of changes in direction and at both sides of valves and
fittings.
1. 50 mm (2 inch) and Smaller: 1.8 m (6 ft.) maximum.
2. 50 mm (2 inch) to Less than 150 mm (6 inch): 3 m
(10 ft.) maximum.
3. 150 mm (6 inch) and Larger: 4.5 m (15 ft.) maximum.
4. Provide clevis or Uni-strut trapeze hangers with
maximum spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft.) for PVC piping.
5. Provide copper coated, steel riser clamps for use with
copper pipe at floor penetrations.
6. Hanger Shields: Provide at each hanger for insulated
piping.
E. Pipe Insulation: Provide continuous insulation for piping
systems as follows.
1. Chilled Water Supply, Return and Condensate Drains.
Closed cell thermal insulation of thickness based on
pipe diameter as follows:
a. 18 mm (¾ inch) Pipe: 18 mm (¾ inch) minimum.
b. 25 mm (1 inch) to 50 mm (2 inch) Pipe: 25 mm (1
inch) minimum.
c. 50 mm (2 inch) and Larger Pipe: 35 mm (1 ½ inch)
minimum.
d. Fiberglass insulation is not used on cold water
systems.
e. Heating Hot Water Supply and Return: Insulate
piping with 37 cm (1 ½ inch) minimum thick fi-
brous glass insulation with vapor barrier.
f. Seams and Joints: Continuously glued with insu-
lation contact adhesive.
g. Exterior Chilled Water Piping: Not recommend-
ed but where required insulate with Armacell
ArmaTuff UV resistant exterior insulation.

h. Valves and Fittings: Insulate as required above and
cover with one piece, PVC, molded jacket covers.
i. Freeze Protection of Condenser Water System:
Where required by environmental conditions, and
drain down is not possible, provide electric heat-
trace and insulate condenser water piping same as
required above for chilled water exterior piping.
2. Manufacturers: Owens Corning Vapor Wick, Venture
Tape.
F. Valves: Design the piping distribution system with valves
located to permit repairs without shutting down more than
one piping riser at a time.
Where possible, locate balancing, isolation and shutoff
valves over back-of-house areas to allow remote, accessible
service not visible to public and guests.
1. Shutoff Valves: Provide shutoff valves for each piece
of piped equipment to permit replacement, accessible
service and repair without disturbing other equipment
that is not dependent on operation of the equipment to
be serviced. Provide full port ball valves or butterfly
valves for the following applications:
a. In supply and return piping to all equipment and
on both sides of 2 way control valves to permit
service and replacement.
b. In chilled water supply, chilled water return, hot
water supply and hot water return lines at the base
of all risers (including fan coil risers).
c. At major branch takeoffs for isolation of systems.
d. Gate valves are not allowed for shut off.
2. Balancing (Flow Control) Valves:
a. Type: Provide automatic flow control valves with
T&P ports on return pipe of each piece of equip-
ment. Ball valves are not used for balancing.
b. Manufacturers: Hayes Fluid Controls Mesurflo,
Bell & Gossett Circuit Sentry.
3. Control Valves: Provide in the following locations:
a. 2 way modulating control valves on air handling
units.
b. 2 way control valves on fan coil units.
c. Size 2 way control valves to handle differential
pressure without blow by.
G. Strainers: Provide strainers with drain valve at each air
handling unit coil for drain down and at the base of each
return riser.
H. Thermo-wells: Both sides of all equipment and at all
temperature control devices.

I. Equipment Connections: Provide connections at the following

locations:
1. Flanged or Screwed Unions: On both sides of AHU’s
and 2 way control valves.
2. Di-Electric Unions: At connections of dissimilar metals.
J. Piping Identification: Provide the following:
1. Plastic Nameplates: Identify air handling units, pumps,
heat exchangers, tanks, chillers, cooling towers, water
treatment devices and control panels.
2. Brass Tags: Identify small devices, including in-line
pumps and valves.
3. Plastic Pipe Markers: Snap-on type with directional
flow arrows for chilled water, condensate drain, heating
hot water and domestic hot water piping.
4. Spacing: Minimum every 6 meters (20 ft.), both sides of
each wall penetration and at each change in direction.
K. Air Vents: Provide the following:
1. Manual Type: Place at system high points.
2. Automatic Type: Place at system high points above
inaccessible ceilings hard-piped to nearest floor drain.
15A.7 Air Side Systems
A. Design Considerations: Provide air conditioning in all
habitable Public and Back-of-House spaces.
1. Provide complete information for AHU’s on the design
documents including maximum design outside air
quantities, supply air dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures.
2. Select air handling units (AHU’s) with greater than 50%
outside air quantity using the ASHRAE 0.4% annual
evaporation wet bulb and mean coincident dry bulb
temperature (columns 10a and 10b). Select AHU’s with
less than 50% outside quantities using the ASHRAE 1%
annual cooling drybulb and mean coincident wet bulb
temperature (columns 9c and 9d).
3. Zoning: Zone air handling systems by type of occupancy and
time of operation to allow shutdown of equipment or reset of
temperature when heating and cooling is not required.
4. Provide individual constant volume AHU’s for Kitchens
and Laundries.
5. Rooftop Units: If required, locate immediately above condi-
tioned space with minimum two 90 degree elbows on supply
and return duct to minimize potential noise generation.
6. Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems: Use VAV systems
with variable speed drives to serve areas with similar
occupancies and hours of operation but different load
conditions (ballrooms, multiple retail shops, gift shops
and administrative offices).

7. AHU Locations: For ease of access and maintenance,
AHU’s may not be installed above ceilings. Locate AHU’s
in either mechanical rooms or mechanical mezzanines.
8. Mechanical Rooms may not be used as return air
plenums. Outside air and return air to be hard ducted
to AHU’s.
9. Connect AHU condensate drains to condensate
recovery system.
10. Locate outside air intakes minimum 10 m (30 ft.) above
grade and away from public or accessible areas.
11. Smoke Exhaust: For AHU’s that are part of the smoke
exhaust system, provide auxiliary contacts on the control
panel to receive signal from the fire alarm system.
12. Region Requirements: In tropical climates consider use
of the following:
a. Separate AHU’s for preconditioning all outside air.
b. Provide preheat coils on air handling units in cold
climates to prevent freezing chilled water coils.
c. Use of run around coils for reheat.
d. In coastal areas or corrosive environments, con-
struct coils with copper fins mechanically bonded
to copper tubes. Provide factory applied corrosion
protection for HVAC equipment and duct work.
B. Public and Back-of-House AHU’s:
1. AHU Type: Provide factory packaged vertical or
horizontal type draw thru low pressure constant volume
or VAV units with premium efficiency motors.
2. Fabrication: Double wall construction with closed cell
insulation and positive drain type stainless steel drain
pan. Fiberglass is not exposed in the air stream.
3. Components: Supply fan with double width, double
inlet air foil fan, hot water preheat coil with 2 way valve,
chilled water cooling coil with 2 way valve, hot water
heating coil with 2 way valve, reheat for humidity control
(either waste heat or desiccant wheel), combination filter
/ mixing boxes with low velocity filters, motorized
dampers and automatic temperature controls. Equip VAV
AHU’s with variable frequency drives and premium
duty motors rated for inverter duty.
4. Return Fan: Provide with motor operated dampers on
return, outside air and relief air ducts, when required
for air side economizer.
a. Select fan with capacity to match supply air.
b. Consider use as smoke exhaust fan if capable of
exhausting minimum 8 air changes per hour in
smoke exhaust mode. Use of 2 speed motor is
acceptable.

5. Freeze Stats: Utilize freeze stats to protect coils from

freezing by shutting down fans and closing outside air
dampers.
6. Sensors: Show all sensor locations on the drawings.
Install direct digital sensors with temperature and
humidity control in Lobbies, Restaurants, Lobby Bars,
Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms, Boardrooms, Pre-function
Corridors and Executive Offices, connected to the BAS.
Sensors in Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms and Boardrooms
require digital display of set point with local control
to permit occupants to select temperature from 20 to
24.5° C (68 to 76° F). Back-of-house sensors are similar
to public space sensors except with no display, and are
able to be set only through the BAS.
7. VAV Systems:
a. Locate static pressure sensor at last VAV box and
high pressure limit at AHU.
b. Provide minimum of four inlet diameters of
straight duct on VAV boxes for accurate sensing
of velocity pressures on box controller.
c. Locate VAV boxes either in mechanical plant
rooms or above accessible ceilings with catwalks,
preferably in back of house areas for service and
maintenance. Where heat is required, outfit VAV
boxes with hot water heating coils with 2 way
control valves.
d. Where possible, avoid locating VAV boxes in
egress corridors that may be in conflict with guest
or hotel staff circulation paths.
8. Sizing:
a. Design Supply Rate: Minimum of six air changes
per hour.
b. Cooling Coil: Maximum air velocity of 3 m/sec
(500 fpm).
c. Heating Coil: Maximum air velocity of 3 m/sec
(500 fpm).
d. Fans: Air foil type fans with premium efficiency
motors.
C. Public Spaces: For Lobbies, Restaurants, Lobby Bars,
Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms, Boardrooms and Pre-function
Corridors, comply with the following design criteria:
1. Provide carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors to control outside
air qualities in areas where there are large changes in
occupancy including Lobby, Ballrooms, Pre-function
Corridor, Meeting Rooms and Restaurants. Evaluate
application with MI Engineering.

2. Utilize Fan Power Variable Air Volume (FPVAV) systems
with hot water reheat and variable speed drives.
3. Size ducts for quiet airflow without noise or whistle.
Utilize linear supply slot diffusers. Coordinate
appearance with MI Interior Design.
4. Layout duct work to avoid passing through an acoustical
partition above operable partitions. <6>
5. Minimize returning air through acoustical partitions
and, if penetrations are required, fabricate sound traps
with two 90 degree acoustically lined elbows.
6. Do not use supply air plenums. Return plenums are
acceptable except when the space has a smoke exhaust
system.
7. Provide ability to pre-cool rooms below 20° C (68° F)
on request.
D. Indoor Pool:
1. Provide dehumidification type AHU that rejects
heat back into the pool. Unit must be designed and
constructed for pools with reheat for proper temperature
and humidity control.
2. Provide 100% outside air ventilation system for backup
of dehumidification AHU.
3. Supply air to wash windows and skylights to prevent
condensation. Provide hard ducted return air.
4. Manufacturers: Desert Aire and Dectron.
E. Guestroom and Guest Corridor Dedicated Outside Air System
(DOAS): Provide combination unit to supply both guest
corridors as well as guestroom makeup air.
1. Type: Typically double wall rooftop units with foam
or ceramic insulation specifically manufactured for
economical cooling, dehumidifying, heating and
reheating 100% outside air equipped with energy
recovery. Unit is capable of producing 22ºC (72ºF) with
less than 59 grains of moisture per pound of dry air
at all times and comply with ASHRAE Standard 90.1.
Electric coils for reheat may not be used.
2. Guestrooms: Provide supply air quantity equal to
50 m³/ hr (30 cfm) into each guestroom. Makeup air must
be hard ducted to a sidewall register on the vertical face
of the vestibule soffit. Makeup air may not be discharged
into the ceiling plenum above the entry vestibule.
3. Corridors: Provide minimum 2 air changes per hour
with preferably vertical ducts and horizontal distribution
system on each floor. Ceiling hung fan coil units may
not be used.

4. Smoke Exhaust Mode: During smoke exhaust mode,

makeup air system and toilet exhaust system operate
as normal. See smoke exhaust system requirements for
guest corridors in this Module.
5. Manufacturers: Trane ATA, Munters, DesertAire, and
SolutionAire.
F. Guestrooms: <7A>
1. Sizing: Provide the larger of either 500 sf/ton or 300 cfm
fan coil.
2. Location: Locate FCU to not blow directly on the bed.
Coordinate supply grille, return grille, thermostat and
access panel with MI Interior Design.
3. Type: Provide four pipe, vertical stack type with chilled
water cooling coil with two way valve, hot water heating
coil with two way valve, Hayes Fluid Controls Measurflo
automatic flow control valves on chilled water return and
hot water return, integral epoxy coated insulated drain
pan and filter return cabinet, and foil faced insulation.
Provide supply air into guestroom bathroom.
a. Suites: Multiple vertical stack four pipe fan coil
units.
b. Lounges: Air handling units or multiple horizon-
tal fan coil units discharging toward exterior wall
with hard ducted return air.
4. Based on project specific requirements, horizontal
FCU’s located above the entry vestibule ceiling may be
used. If horizontal FCU’s are used, return must be hard
ducted. Provide full size access panel in entry vestibule
to allow for complete access to the FCU.
5. Thermostat: Inncom e4 Smart Digital Thermostat
Model e528 with entry door switch and wireless slider
switch. Coordinate location of thermostat with MI
Engineering, but typically on bathroom wall.
6. Piping: Provide full port ball valves for shut off on
chilled water and hot water coil connections.
7. Do not connect fan coil unit condensate drains to
plumbing fixtures. Hard pipe to condensate recovery
system.
8. Manufacturers: International, Trane, Carrier, and
Envirotech.
G. Kitchens: <10>
1. Kitchens are air conditioned by a separate HVAC unit
but remain negative with respect to surrounding areas.
2. Locate supply air devices such that cool air is directed
from “hot food” serving areas.
3. Utilize hard ducted return system. Plenum ceilings may
not be used in Kitchen areas.

4. In exhibition cooking areas provide air conditioned air
curtain to control air, heat and odors between cooking
area and restaurant area.
5. Provide Melink Intelli-Hood ® system for main kitchen
production hoods to automatically reduce the speed of
the exhaust fan and control outside / return air dampers
during idle and non-cooking periods to save fan energy
and conditioned air. The system does the following:
a. Includes the I/O processor, keypad, temperature
sensors, optic sensors, variable frequency drives
(VFDs) and cables.
b. Automatically turns the hoods on / off based on
temperature or a time of day schedule.
c. Varies the hood fan speeds based on both the heat
and smoke load to ensure optimal hood perfor-
mance and energy savings.
d. Automatically adjusts the temperature span to en-
sure optimal energy efficiency.
e. Automatically recalibrates the optics at start-up to
ensure optimal energy efficiency.
f. Provides additional inputs and outputs to allow
compatibility with other equipment and devices
such as HVAC systems and cooking appliances.
g. Provides remote access capability via modem for
monitoring and diagnostics.
H. Ventilation: Provide mechanical ventilation to non-habitable
spaces to maintain a minimum winter temperature of
12° C (55° F) and maximum summer temperature of 32° C
(90° F) unless specified elsewhere in this Module.
I. Supplemental A/C:
1. Provide chilled water fan coil unit for primary cooling
with backup direct expansion (Dx) split system air
conditioning units connected to emergency power to
provide 24 hour air conditioning for PMS computer
room, telephone equipment room and elevator machine
rooms. <13A> <13B> <12>
2. Provide high efficiency with minimum 12.0 EERDx
split systems for Chocolate Room, Meat/Fish Room,
Garde Manger, Kitchen Cold Rooms, Wine Room and
Refrigerated Trash Room to maintain 12° C (55° F).
J. Exhaust Systems:
1. Provide exhaust fans with premium efficiency motors
for pool equipment rooms, toilet rooms, vending rooms,
maintenance shops, locker rooms, electric rooms,
kitchen hoods, bars, laundries, employee cafeteria and
other areas producing odors, fumes and excessive heat
as required by governing code.

2. Guestroom Tower: Provide exhaust in Service Elevator

Lobby, Laundry Chute Room, Housekeeping, Vending,
and Electric Rooms. Total exhaust for these areas
is typically 500 to 800 cfm per floor. Electric rooms
with transformers require cooling to maintain 27° C
(80° F).
3. Refrigeration Compressor Room: Provide minimum
exhaust of 1,700 m³/hr (1,000 cfm) to maintain
maximum 32° C (90° F).
4. Garage Exhaust: Provide minimum exhaust of 0.0076
m³/second/m² (1.5 cfm/sf) controlled by carbon
monoxide sensors.
K. Guestroom Toilet Exhaust:
1. Provide ceiling mounted Panasonic FV-05VQ3 exhaust
fan located in the shower compartment tied to the light
switch and subducted into vertical sheet metal exhaust
risers to roof mounted fans. Where sub-ducts are not
allowed, install motor operated fire / smoke damper at
shaft wall. Coordinate access panel with MI Interior
Design.
2. Exhaust quantity is 85 m³/hr (50 cfm) in the shower
compartment in each guestroom bathroom.
3. Roof Mounted Exhaust Fans: Size fans at 50% of the
total exhaust quantity on the riser.
4. Utilize exhaust air for heat recovery in guest corridor
and guest room makeup air system.
L. Combustion Air: Provide in compliance with manufacturer’s
requirements and governing codes for gas and oil fired
appliances including boilers, pool heaters and laundry
dryers.
1. Cold Climates: Preheat combustion air at the intake louvers
to 4° C (40° F) to prevent freezing conditions in the central
plant. Provide unit heaters for general space conditioning.
2. Fan Operation: If provided by a fan, interlock fan with
boiler controls to ensure proper supply of combustion
air prior to boiler firing.
M. Fans:
1. Type: Typically, centrifugal type, except garage fans
that may be propeller or other low noise fan with
2. Smoke Exhaust: For fans that are part of smoke exhaust
systems, provide auxiliary contacts on the starter to
receive signal from the fire alarm. <14>

3. Kitchen Hood Exhaust Fans <10>: High velocity

discharge at 13 m/sec (2,500 fpm) with drain plug and
removable stainless steel drain pan. Roof mounted
to disperse exhaust away from building and prevent
reentry of contaminated air at outside air intakes.
Position fans so that entire kitchen exhaust system is
under negative pressure.
4. All fans are outfitted with motor operated dampers that
automatically close when the fan is off.
N. Miscellaneous:
1. Provide air curtains for the entire length of doors that
open to the loading dock.
2. Provide radiant heating panels in loading dock area in
locations where winter temperatures drop below 0º C
(32° F). Provide circulating fans in hot climates.
15A.8 Duct work
A. Requirements:
1. Type: Low and medium velocity galvanized sheet
metal constructed in compliance with Sheet Metal and
Air conditioning Contractors National Association
(SMACNA) Standards.
2. Joints: Seal supply and return duct work joints and
seams with hard-cast.
3. Run outs to Diffusers: May be medium pressure rated,
externally insulated, spiral wound, flexible duct with a
maximum length of 2.4 m (8 ft.).
4. Sizing: To minimize airborne noise and ensure space
noise criteria are met, size duct work for maximum
duct velocity as follows.
a. 10 m/sec (2,000 fpm): Main supply ducts.
b. 7.5 m/sec (1,500 fpm): Branch ducts and return/
exhaust systems.
c. 4 m/sec (800 fpm): Ducts serving room terminal
air devices.
d. Duct Friction Loss: Not to exceed 0.10 inch w.c.
per 30.5 m (100 ft.) of duct.
5. Turning Vanes: Provide in rectangular elbows >45º.
6. Duct work downstream of terminal devices may be
Knauf Koolduct or Mansville Superduct RC.
B. Exterior Duct work: Not recommended, but when necessary
provide as follows:
1. 450 mm (18 inches) minimum above roof to permit
servicing of roof area.
2. Steps over duct work for access to roof areas and roof
mounted systems. Insulate with Armacell ArmaTuff
UV resistant exterior insulation.

3. Provide corrosion resistant coating on all exterior

equipment including electrical.
4. No Uni-Strut outside.
C. Kitchen Hood Exhaust <10>: Provide dedicated exhaust duct for
exhaust hoods in the main kitchen production area. Provide
individual exhaust duct for each other hood not in the main
kitchen area. Each duct must be in a 2 hour fire rated enclosure
with clean out and sprinkler access doors.
1. Type: 16 gauge black steel duct work, sloped back to the
hood, with welded drip proof seams. Galvanized steel
duct and flanged / gasketed joints are not acceptable.
2. Cleanouts / Access Doors: Locate at base of vertical
riser, at every change in direction and at sprinkler.
Maximum spacing of 6 m (20 ft.) in horizontal and
every third floor of vertical riser.
3. Sizing: Based on velocity of 7 m/sec (1,500 fpm) to 10
m/sec (2,000 fpm) to prevent grease from accumulating
in ducts and to ensure grease not trapped in hood filters
is exhausted away from building.
4. Dampers: Not acceptable in grease exhaust systems.
5. Insulation: Provide 50 mm (2 inch) high temperature
fiberglass insulation with all service jacket on entire
grease exhaust duct.
D. Miscellaneous:
1. Vertical risers are constructed of sheet metal. In no case
are drywall shaft enclosures allowed for risers.
2. Dedicated kitchen dishwasher exhaust and laundry
ironer exhaust is welded stainless steel duct sloped back
to equipment for drainage of condensation and ducted
directly to outside of building.
3. Fabricate indoor pool and pool bromine / chlorine
storage room duct work from stainless steel.
4. Design exhaust system of sewage ejection and grease
trap rooms for negative pressure with fans located at
remote end of the system and duct to building exterior.
E. Exhaust Outlets:
1. Locate exhaust outlets no closer than 6 m (20 ft.) away
from outside air intakes and operable windows.
2. Locate kitchen exhaust outlets no closer than 7.6 m (25 ft.)
away from outside air intakes such that prevailing winds
carry vapors away from the building and intakes.
3. Where fireplaces are included, locate fireplace outlets
15 m (50 ft.) minimum from outside air intakes or
operable windows.
F. Duct Insulation: Acoustic lining must be closed cell elastomeric
insulation that is non-porous, non-fibrous and resists bacterial
growth, with impervious face allowing for cleaning.

G. Dampers:
1. Provide motor operated low leakage dampers (normally
closed) for code required openings in the elevator shafts
or machine rooms. Provide control by the fire alarm
system to open these dampers only under emergency
conditions.
2. Provide fire dampers and fire / smoke dampers where
required, to meet fire ratings of floors, walls and
ceiling systems. Provide 200 x 200 mm (8 x 8 inch),
framed, hinged, lockable access doors at fire dampers.
Coordinate locations with MI Interior Design.
3. Provide motor operated low leakage dampers on supply
and exhaust systems to automatically close when the
systems or spaces being served are not in use.
4. Provide balancing dampers for each supply and return
riser as well as registers and diffusers. Where possible,
locate balancing dampers in ceiling space over back-of-
house areas where remote servicing can be accomplished
out of public and guest view.
5. Splitter Dampers: Avoid use of multiple splitter dampers
in individual duct systems.
6. Volume Dampers: Provide in branch ducts at connection
to main duct.
H. Flues: Provide factory built, double wall gas flue / vent for
each boiler and fireplace vented to building exterior.
15A.9 Smoke Exhaust Systems <14>
A. Design Considerations:
General: Smoke exhaust systems are intended to control
migration of smoke into means of egress (exit passage-
ways) and to maintain acceptable conditions for occupants
in protected areas by exhausting smoke from the smoke
zone only and pressurizing egress stairs.
1. Provide a complete engineered smoke exhaust system
in buildings greater than 6 stories. Design system to
exhaust smoke from Lobby, Atriums, Restaurants, Pre-
function areas, Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms greater than
35 m² (350 sq. ft.), Kitchens and Guest Corridors. Each
space is treated as an individual smoke zone. Consult
Module <14> for application criteria.
2. In spaces requiring smoke exhaust provide minimum 8
air changes per hour.
3. Provide pressurization systems for egress stairs.
4. Back-of-House Areas: Provide smoke exhaust only
where required by authorities having jurisdiction.
5. Provide low leakage automatic reset motor operated
dampers for smoke exhaust systems.

6. Obtain MI Engineering approval for entire smoke

control system design including air quantities and air
changes per hour.
7. Makeup Air: Demonstrate availability of surrounding
zones to provide necessary makeup air in enclosed
smoke zones, where manual opening of egress doors to
adjacent zones is required.
B. Public Spaces: Provide hard ducted smoke exhaust to each
required space. Ceiling plenums may not be used for smoke
exhaust.
Sequence of Operation:
1. Smoke exhaust system is initiated via a signal through
fire alarm panel from an area smoke detector.
2. Upon activation, the air handling unit supplying the
smoke zone shuts down, outside air and return air
dampers close, exhaust / relief damper opens and the
smoke exhaust fan starts.
3. Supply, return and exhaust fans for HVAC systems in
all other zones remain in normal operating mode.
4. In hotels with VAV systems, the air handling unit supply
fan and VAV boxes must go to 100% open mode.
C. Kitchen Hood and Duct: <10> Sequence of operation is as
follows:
1. Initiated via a signal through the fire alarm system
<14> from exhaust hood Ansul system.
2. Hood exhaust fan continues to operate in normal
mode.
3. Supply, return and exhaust fans in other areas remain
in normal operating mode.
D. Guest Corridors:
1. Centrally locate, typically at elevator lobby, a vertically
ducted dedicated smoke exhaust risers with normally
closed dampers on each floor.
2. Size each roof mounted smoke exhaust fan to serve
corridors of three floors simultaneously.
3. Do not exceed maximum 30 m (100 ft.) horizontal
distance between supply and exhaust risers. This
arrangement ensures smoke moves in a direction
opposite to guests traveling to means of egress.
1. Smoke exhaust system is initiated via a signal through
fire alarm panel from either a corridor smoke detector
or sprinkler flow switch.
2. Upon activation, normally closed exhaust damper on floor
of incidence opens and all other floors remain closed.
3. Smoke exhaust fan is energized and discharge dampers
fully open.

4. Guest corridor and guestroom makeup air handling
unit continues to operate in normal mode.
5. If applicable, secondary guest corridor pressurization
fans (sized for a minimum capacity of six air changes
per hour supply air to each floor) start and main guest
corridor and guestroom air handling unit stop.
6. All other guest tower exhaust fans, including those
serving, vending rooms and electrical rooms, continue
to operate in normal mode.
7. If smoke doors divide corridor into two or more
sections, provide independent exhaust duct work in
each section.
E. Stair Pressurization: <14>
Requirement: Provide in exit stairs where smoke control is
required. Consult Module <14> for application criteria.
1. Provide for each egress stair a minimum of one supply
fan located at bottom of stair, ducted to top of stair,
with supply register located every third floor for entire
stairwell height.
2. Fan: Provide fan with variable frequency drive and
static pressure sensors located within stairwell set to
maintain between (0.15 and 0.25 inch) w.c. across each
closed corridor door. Maximum allowable pull across
an open door into the egress stair is 35 pounds.
3. Size fans to provide 1,700 m³/hr. (1,000 cfm) per door.
1. System is initiated via a signal through the fire alarm
panel from either a public space (excluding guestrooms)
smoke detector or sprinkler flow switch.
2. Upon activation, stairwell pressurization fans, normally
in non-operating status, automatically start.
F. Smoke Exhaust Panel: Provide a smoke control panel with
Hand-Off-Automatic (HOA) and pilot lights (one switch
and lights for each AHU, fan and damper) for manual
control of all equipment that is part of the smoke control
system.
1. Locate the smoke control panel in the same location as
the main fire alarm system panel.
2. Provide internal power source for manual operation of all
equipment. Provide voltage same as fire alarm system.
3. ‘Hand’ position manually activates all equipment into
smoke control mode.
4. ‘Off’ position shuts down the equipment and returns all
dampers to their normal mode.
5. ‘Automatic’ position allows system to operate in normal
building mode, or in smoke mode upon receipt of any
signal from the fire alarm system.

G. Supply Duct Smoke Detectors:

1. Provide downstream of air handling units over
3,400 m³/hr. (2,000 cfm).
2. Detector shuts down AHU upon sensing smoke and
annunciates at fire alarm panel, but will not activate
smoke control system.
15A.10 Fuel Oil System
A. Requirements: Provide complete automatic fuel oil system
for emergency generator with oil fill at street level.
1. Locate double wall fiberglass fuel oil tanks above
ground with spill containment enclosure. In ground
tanks are not acceptable.
2. Provide remote electronic level gauges, leak detection
and monitoring equipment, including interstitial
monitoring and overfill protection, for each tank.
3. Provide duplex fuel oil pump sets as required to transfer
fuel to day tanks.
4. Size fuel oil tanks based on 24 hours storage capacity
for generator. For hotels in high risk areas (hurricane
regions) provide 72 hours storage capacity.
B. Region Requirements:
1. For island properties, size fuel oil tanks) based on 7
days storage capacity for generator at full load. Obtain
approval from MI Engineering.
15A.11 Building Commissioning
A. Requirements:
1. High IAQ is a critical component for guest comfort and
is achieved through the proper design, installation and
commissioning of the building systems.
2. The primary purpose of commissioning is to obtain a building
whose service systems function, in all respects, according to
the design intent and are able to maintain thermal comfort
for staff and guests, producing a high level of occupant
satisfaction. To achieve this, it is essential to implement a
commissioning process that tests, verifies, adjusts, calibrates
and documents functional and environmental performance
of the systems and equipment outlined in this Module prior
to occupancy. Properly commissioned systems function at
maximum efficiency, minimizing energy consumption and
operating costs.
3. The commissioning agent is a critical part of
implementing the commissioning process and functions
most effectively as an independent commissioning
agency (not associated with or having contractual
relationship with the mechanical or prime contractor).

4. MI Engineering will not provide final sign off on the
completed building until the commissioning process is
completed and the required documents are submitted.
B. Level: Level 3 commissioning is performed on all building
systems as defined by Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
Contractors National Association (SMACNA) and include
required equipment pre-start and start-up checklists
and verification checklists. Additional documentation
includes air and water test and balance reports, operating
& maintenance manuals, highlighted cut sheets, Record
“As-Built” Documents in pdf. format and warranties on all
equipment.
15A.12 Building Automation System (BAS)
A. Requirements:
1. The BAS System requires automatic scheduling, operation
and optimization of major HVAC systems to provide the
most cost effective hotel operation while maintaining
guest comfort and property sustainability. In addition
the BAS provides Operations staff status and alarms of
critical conditions to maximize property efficiency.
2. The control system consists of a peer to peer network
of digital control panels and operator workstations. The
operator workstation is a personal computer (PC) with
a color monitor, mouse and keyboard. The PC provides
users an interface with the system though dynamic
color graphics of building areas and systems. The PC is
located in the Engineer’s office.
3. The BAS is integral with the DDC temperature control
system and provided, engineered, installed and warranted
by the same Manufacturer.
4. Direct Digital Control (DDC) technology provides the
functions necessary for control of systems defined for
control on this project.
5. The control system is designed so that each mechanical
system operates under stand alone control.
6. Each digital control panel includes an operator interface
display to allow display of parameters and set points in
local equipment rooms.
7. Communication between the control panels and all
workstations is over a high speed network. All nodes on
this network shall be peers. Provide a modem or network
communications card for remote access to the system.

B. Scope: BAS shall monitor and control all systems outside of

the guest room systems. At a minimum the systems to be
controlled and monitored include:
1. Monitoring of central cooling plant including, chillers,
pumps and cooling towers
2. Central heating plant
3. Air Handling Systems including Guestroom and Guest
Corridor makeup air unit, Back-of-House AHU’s, and
Public Space AHU’s
4. Kitchen hood exhaust fans and makeup air units
5. Critical non-HVAC systems including cistern water
level, domestic hot water systems, exterior lighting,
electric meters, gas meters, walk-in coolers and freezers,
water feature pumps, water treatment plant and sewage
treatment plant
C. Applications: Consult MI Engineering for Sequence of
Operations and Points Lists which are supplements to this
module.
D. Manufacturers: Trane, Siemens, Johnson, Honeywell, and
Automated Logic.

Table 15A-1 – Environmental Requirements
Design Temperatures &
Relative Humidity Maximum
Mod- Occupancy Outside Air Lighting
Space Remarks
ule Cooling m²/Person m³/Hr/Person Load
Heating (ft²/Person) (cfm/Person) Watts/m²
°C (°F)
°C (°F) (watts/ft² )
%RH
Provide minimum supply and

exhaust of 0.0076 m³/second
1 Garages - - - - -
per m² (1.5 cfm/sf) controlled
by carbon monoxide sensors.
Main
Entrance 22°C (72°F) 21°C
3 (30) 25 (15) 43 (4) -
and 50% RH (70°F)
Lobby
2A Provide conditioned supply
air into each restroom. Keep
Public 22°C (72°F) 21°C toilets under negative pressure
- - -
Toilets 50% RH (70°F) with respect to surrounding
public areas.
Keep under negative pressure

Business 22°C (72°F) 21°C
2B 4.6 (50) 25 (15) 75 (7) with respect to surrounding
Center 50% RH (70°F)
public areas.
Lounges 1.0 (10) or

22°C (72°F) 21°C Individual temperature control
3 & Restau- number of 50 (30) 54 (5)
50% RH (70°F) in each Meeting Room.
rants seats

6.1 to 7.6 L/S
with respect to surrounding
Exercise 22°C (72°F) 21°C per sq. m (1.2
- 32 (3) public areas. Provide separate
Area 50% RH (70°F) to 1.5 cfm per
HVAC unit or combine with
sq. ft.)
locker room unit only.
Locker / 3 to 3.8 L/S per with respect to surrounding
22°C (72°F) 21°C
Dressing - sq. m (0.6 to .75 - public areas. Provide separate
50% RH (70°F)
Areas cfm per sq. ft.) HVAC unit or combine with
exercise unit.
Provide 170 m³/hour (100 cfm)
4 Sauna/
exhaust in ceiling plenum
Steam - - - - -
above each sauna and steam
Rooms
room.
6.1 to 7.6 L/S
Provide individual tempera-
Treatment 22°C (72°F) 21°C per sq. m (1.2
- 32 (3) ture control and 100% exhaust
Rooms 50% RH (70°F) to 1.5 cfm per
in each treatment room.
sq. ft.)
Indoor 27°C (80°F) 27°C with respect to surrounding
6 (65) 34 (20) 32 (3)
Pool 65% RH (80°F) public areas. Provide separate
HVAC unit.
22°C (72°F) Provide temperature individu-

5 Retail 21°C (70°F) 4 (45) 25(15) 75 (7)
50% RH al control in each shop.


Space Remarks
°C (°F)
%RH
Pre-Func- 22°C (72°F)

21°C (70°F) 1 (10) 25(15) 54 (5) -
tion 50% RH

Ball- 22°C (72°F) 21°C ture sensor connected to BAS
1 (10) 25(15) 54 (5)
rooms 50% RH (70°F) with local occupant control in
each Salon.
Meeting 22°C (72°F) 21°C ture sensor connected to BAS
6 2 (15) 25(15) 54 (5)
Rooms 50% RH (70°F) with local occupant control in
each Meeting Room.

Board 22°C (72°F) 21°C 2 (15) or num- ture sensor connected to BAS
25(15) 54 (5)
Rooms 50% RH (70°F) ber of seats. with local occupant control in
Board Room.

Service 24°C (76°F) 21°C
3 (30) 25 (15) 32 (3) with respect to surrounding
Corridors 50% RH (70°F)
areas.
Hard duct makeup air into

Guest-
22°C (72°F) 23°C 50 (30) per each guestroom. Provide sup-
7A rooms & 2 persons -
50% RH (74°F) guestroom ply air into each guestroom
Suites
bathroom.
Guest-
room
22°C (72°F) 21°C Supply minimum 2 air
Corridors - - 11(1)
50% RH (70°F) changes per hour.
& Eleva-
tor Foyers
Ice
22°C (72°F) 21°C
Machine - - - Water cooled ice machines.
50% RH (70°F)
Rooms
7B
Linen 24°C (76°F) 18°C Ventilate as required to main-
- - -
Room 50% RH (65°F) tain conditions.
Service
24°C (76°F) 21°C Provide 340 m³/hour (200 cfm)
Elevator - - 32 (3)
50% RH (70°F) exhaust in foyer.
Foyer
Exit 4°C
- - - -
Stairs (40°F)
Provide individual tem-

perature controls in Meeting
Concierge 22°C (72°F) 21°C 2 (15) or num-
7C 25 (15) 32 (3) Rooms or Board Rooms when
Lounge 50% RH (70°F) ber of seats
present. Provide hood exhaust
in Pantry if required.


Space Remarks
°C (°F)
%RH

Admin-
22°C (72°F) 21°C ture controls in all offices.
8A istrative 10 (100) 25 (15) 43 (4)
50% RH (70°F) Provide exhaust in copier
Facilities
room.
Employee 24°C (76°F) 21°C

10 (100) 25 (15) 32 (3) -
Facilities 50% RH (70°F)
8B Keep under negative pressure

Employee 24°C (76°F) 21°C 1 (10) or num- with respect to surrounding
25 (15) 32 (3)
Cafeteria 50% RH (70°F) ber of seats areas. Provide hood exhaust if
required.
Engineering
24°C (76°F) ture controls in all offices.
& Mainte- 21°C (70°F) 10 (100) 25 (15) 43 (4)
50% RH Provide exhaust in copier
nance
room.
Refrig- Keep under negative pressure

13°C
erated 13°C (55°F) with respect to surrounding
(55°F) - - -
Trash 50% RH areas. Provide individual
50% RH
Room temperature control.
9
Provide air curtains at each
entrance from receiving dock
into building. Provide radiant
Receiving heating panels in loading dock
- - - - -
Dock area at locations where winter
temperatures drop below 32°
F (0º C). Provide circulating
fans in hot climates.


Space Remarks
°C (°F)
%RH
Kitchens
(F&B 27°C (80°F) 21°C
5 (50) 52 (15) 32 (3) with respect to surrounding
Produc- 50% RH (70°F)
areas.
tion)
Cold See applicable program
Prep & 18°C (65°F) requirements in Module <10>.
- 5 (50) 25 (15) 32 (3)
Vegetable 50% RH Provide individual Dx split
Prep system connected to BAS.
Dry Stor- 21°C (70°F)
- - - 32 (3) perature control connected to
age 50% RH
BAS.
Meat /
Fish /
18°C (65°F) with respect to surrounding
Poultry / - 5 (50) 25 (15) 32 (3)
50% RH areas. Provide individual split
Pork Prep
system connected to BAS
Area
10 Keep under negative pressure
Pastry / 18°C (65°F)
- 5 (50) 25 (15) 32 (3) areas. Provide individual
Bakery 50% RH
temperature control connected
to BAS.

Chocolate 18°C (65°F) with respect to surrounding
- 5 (50) 25 (15) 32 (3)
Room 50% RH areas. Provide individual split
system connected to BAS.
Red Wine 13°C (55°F) Provide individual split sys-

- - - 32 (3)
Storage 50% RH tem connected to BAS.

Liquor 21°C (70°F)
- - - 32 (3) perature control connected to
Storage 50% RH
BAS.

Laundry/ 27°C (80°F) 21°C
11A 3 (30) 50 (30) 32 (3) areas. Provide individual
Valet 50% RH (70°F)
spot cooling over each valet
station.
House- 24°C (76°F) 21°C
11B 5 (50) 25 (15) 32 (3) with respect to surrounding
keeping 50% RH (70°F)
areas.
Elevator
24°C (76°F) 21°C Provide individual tempera-
12 Equip. - - -
50% RH (70°F) ture controls.
Rooms

Space Remarks
°C (°F)
%RH
Provide two computer room

Computer 21°C (70°F) a/c units sized at 65% of total
- 10 (100) 25 (15) 43 (4)
Room 50% RH equipment load. Connect a/c
units to emergency power.
13A
Provide supply and exhaust
21°C (70°F) based on specific project re-
IDF - - - -
50% RH quirements but typically 5,000
Btuh/hr per guestroom floor.
Sound &
13C Dimmer 22.2(72) Provide 24 hour air condition-
21.1(70) - - -
15C Equip. 50%RH ing.
Room
Mechani-
cal, Elec-
trical, 24°C (76°F) 21°C
15 - - - -
Telephone 50% RH (70°F)
Rooms &
Closets
24°C (76°F) 21°C Ventilate as required to main-

16 Security - - 43(4)
50% RH (70°F) tain conditions.

Module
15B
Plumbing Systems
Design Standards
January 2009
15B - Plumbing Systems JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Contents
15B.1 General Requirements 1
15B.2 Sanitary System 2
15B.3 Storm Drainage System 3
15B.4 Domestic Water 3
15B.5 Miscellaneous Requirements 6
15B.6 Piping Systems 7
15B.7 Commissioning 10
15B.8 Plumbing Fixtures, Accessories & Trim 16
15B.9 Table 15B-1 - Plumbing Requirements 17
Module Organization
Marriott.
A Plumbing | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts Plumbing Systems - 15B
15B.1 General Requirements

1. Any proposed deviations from these Standards must be
submitted in writing and approved by Marriott (MI)
Engineering. Deviations that change operating costs
must also include a complete life cycle cost analysis
so that any negative impact can be reflected in the
operating Pro-Forma.
2. Information contained in this Module is intended to
set minimum MI requirements and is not intended to
provide complete design solutions to project specific
situations.
3. Comply with the more stringent of governing laws,
applicable governing codes and regulations, and the MI
Design Standards. Refer conflicts to MI Engineering
for resolution.
4. Requirements in these Standards will be installed by
the plumbing contractor and must be included in the
plumbing design documents with references to other
documents as required.
5. Comply with sanitation standards to safe guard the
water supply, drainage and food service equipment
<10>. Provide appropriate plumbing system traps,
indirect drains with air gaps, vacuum breakers, backflow
preventer, check valves, flow restrictor and valves.
B. Base Plumbing System Design Reference: Design systems
in compliance with ASPE standard and the governing
authority and application of good engineering practices to
provide the most cost effective installation.
C. Dimensions, Sizes & Measurements: In this Standard,
conversions from English to metric (SI) units are
approximate. Verify, coordinate and confirm product and
material dimensions for required design applications.
D. Energy Efficiency: MI has adopted a significantly aggressive
environmental policy. At a minimum, design the Plumbing
systems in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2004,
Energy Efficiency in Buildings or local Energy Code.
1. Provide a complete computer simulated life cycle cost
analysis for alternate Plumbing systems and equipment
that may be considered for implementation.
2. Evaluate each alternate with MI Engineering with respect
to application, practicality and cost effectiveness.
3. Investigate the use of alternate or renewable energy
options including solar hot water and swimming pool
heat.
Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. . January 2009 | Plumbing 1

15B.2 Sanitary System

A. System Requirements: Provide entire facility with complete
sanitary waste and vent system connected to a public
sanitary system with a means of conveying sewage. Each
fixture in the system is vented to the atmosphere to provide
protection of trap seals against siphonage and gas leak due
to positive pressure, promote rapid and silent flow of waste,
and to ventilate the sanitary system to reduce corrosion.
1. When public sanitary sewers are not available, provide
a private sewage disposal system.
2. For methods of disposal, obtain approval by government
authority having jurisdiction.
3. Unless required by governing codes, floor drains in
guestroom bathrooms are prohibited. If required,
provide trap primers to eliminate potential for methane
gas entering guestroom.
4. In vertical sanitary risers provide clean out with access
every 6 floors.
5. Indirect connect cooling tower drain, water softener
backwash, pool and spa filter backwash to sanitary sewer.
6. When sewer ejectors are required, provide duplex
submersible sump pump system with each pump sized
at 65% of peak load. System includes control panel for
alternating pumps, pump failure alarm and high water
level. Connect sewer pumps to emergency power.
7. Food & Beverage Production Facilities <10>: Use direct
waste when required by local code or recommended by
equipment manufacturer.
a. Connect hand sinks to direct waste.
b. Provide indirect waste with air gaps from kitchen
equipment that is not required to be directly
connected.
c. Provide air gap for indirect waste equal to 2 times
the drain pipe diameter size to prevent back sipho-
nage and contamination.
d. Provide funnel floor drains for low volume indirect
waste. Place in easily accessible locations for service.
e. Provide recessed floor sinks for high volume in-
direct waste.
B. Region Requirement: In areas of high water costs collect
guestroom showers, bath and lavatories and route through
a “gray” (non-potable) water reclamation plant for use in
landscape irrigation, cooling tower make-up and possibly
water closet flushing. The minimum standards for gray
water are 10 mg/l BOD, 15 mg/l COD and 10 mg/l
suspended solids.
C. Aqua Recycle on Laundries <11A>: Kemco
2 Plumbing | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

15B.3 Storm Drainage System

A. System Requirements: Provide a complete storm drainage
system without storage for entire facility including roof
drains, balcony drains, planter drains, area drains and
fountain drains with means of draining rainwater, surface
run-off and subsurface water to public storm sewers.
1. Design system with hard piped overflow system. Do
not use roof scuppers for overflow.
2. When public storm sewers are not available, discharge
storm water at point of safe disposal acceptable to
government authority having jurisdiction for water
pollution control.
3. Region Requirement: May consider storage of storm
water for irrigation systems.
B. Subsurface Water: During the design process, consider the
presence of subsurface water.
1. If present, install a foundation drain system to prevent
uplifting of building slabs by hydrostatic pressure or to
prevent wet slab and wall conditions.
2. Discharge and pumping of subsurface water into
municipal storm sewers is preferred, but may require
governing authority permission.
3. Consider capturing and reusing subsurface water for
irrigation and similar applications.
4. When sump pumps are required, provide duplex
submersible sump pump system with each pump
sized at 65% of peak load. System includes premium
efficiency motors, control panel for alternating pumps,
pump failure alarm and high water level. Connect sump
pumps to emergency power.
15B.4 Domestic Water
A. General Requirements:
1. Provide potable water to every fixture throughout the
facility in compliance with, at a minimum, the U.S.
Safe Drinking Water Act as indicated on the following
page.
2. Throughout the facility, provide domestic hot and cold
water to lavatories, sinks and showers.
3. Provide vacuum breakers on fixtures where cross
connection to the sanitary system can occur.
4. Provide double check valve backflow preventer on
connections to non-potable water systems, such as
chillers, cooling towers, boilers, pools, and irrigation
systems.

5. In areas where sewer charges can be avoided, provide

separate water meters for HVAC make-up, irrigation
systems and swimming pools.
B. Water Analysis: For water supplied to the project, obtain a
complete and current water analysis from the governing
water authority stating that the potable (drinkable) water
complies with requirements of the health authority having
jurisdiction and the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act. If the
water analysis is not available, obtain a water sample to
submit to a laboratory approved by MI.
C. Water Softening:
1. Hot Water: Soften hot water when hardness exceeds
170 ppm (10 grains) or more per gallon.
2. Kitchen and Laundry: Provide hot water softening if
water analysis indicates more than 119 ppm (7 grains)
per gallon hardness.
3. If required, provide water softening systems with
automatic controls to prohibit water from reaching zero
parts per million (0 ppm) in low flow conditions.
4. As an alternative to use of water softening consider use
of Watts One Flow system.
D. Hot Water:
General Requirements:
1. Provide two cement lined storage tanks and a minimum
of two water heaters or heat exchangers.
2. Tank type heaters or “immersion coils” are not
acceptable.
3. Thermostatic Mixing Valves: Provide two Armstrong
DRV 80 digital mixing valves piped in parallel for each
hot water system. Installation to be piped and pressure
tested and complete with isolation valves, strainers,
mixed return flow indicator, check valves, thermometers,
mixed outlet water sensor per manufacturer. System
to have remote set point adjustment capability for
connection to Building Automation System (BAS).
<15A>
4. Provide complete hot water return throughout the entire
system with balancing (flow control) valves at the end
of every branch or riser. At a minimum, circulate 0.06
l/s (1.0 gpm) through each hot water riser such that hot
water reaches every fixture within 10 seconds of flow
initiation.
5. Provide, at a minimum, two centrifugal in-line
bronze hot water recirculation pumps in parallel (one
standby).
6. Heat trace is not allowed for hot water return systems.

Water Temperatures: Provide hot water temperatures as

follows:
1. Guestrooms, Kitchen Hand Sinks and Other Areas: 57º C
(135º F) storage and 53º C (128º F) at point of connection to
any fixture and as required by governing codes.
2. Kitchens: Provide 60º C (140º F) for preparation, pot sinks,
warewashing machines and general kitchen use.
3. Booster Heaters: Coordinate with kitchen / food service
consultant for requirements at dishwasher and pot sink.
4. Laundry Washers: 74º C (165º F).
Guestrooms and Kitchen Hot Water Sizing:
1. Provide a minimum of two double wall, heat exchangers or
fuel fired water heaters with each capable of recovering 15
liters (4 gal.) per guestroom per hour at 38º C (100º F) rise
plus required gallons per hour recovery based on actual
kitchen equipment selections and any special requirements
for banquet facilities.
2. Interconnect heaters and tanks in a “reverse return”
arrangement.
3. Provide fuel fired water heaters with sealed combustion
chambers with direct venting of exhaust and combustion
air. Minimum efficiency is 85%. Tank type heaters are not
acceptable.
4. Provide two cement lined storage tanks sized at a total of
38 liters (10 gal.) per guestroom, plus required gallons based
on actual kitchen equipment selections and any special
requirements for banquet facilities. Each tank is provided
with 4 connection “nozzles”: 1 for hot water outlet; 1 for
cold water inlet and hot water recirculation; 1 for outlet to
heaters; and 1 for return from heaters.
Laundry Hot Water Sizing: <10>
1. Provide one heat exchanger or water heater capable of
recovering required gallons per hour based on actual
laundry equipment selections.
2. Provide one cement lined storage tank sized at required
gallons based on actual laundry equipment selections.

15B.5 Miscellaneous Requirements

A. Accessible Fixtures: Provide ambulatory or handicap fixtures and
hardware as required by government regulations, governing
codes, but as a minimum, provide in compliance with ADA.
B. Kitchen Plumbing: <10>
1. Conceal plumbing piping in kitchen areas within walls. If
concealed installation is not possible, use stainless steel or
chrome plated pipe covers in prep and production areas.
2. Design piping connections to equipment at the highest
elevation possible but not less than 150 mm (6 inch) above
the floor to provide clearance for cleaning.
3. Connect domestic water lines to kitchen equipment through
individual water filters when required by equipment
manufacturer. Use flexible stainless steel lines with quick
disconnect connections.
C. Grease Traps: <10>
1. Drain main kitchen areas with both a grease waste and a
non-grease system. Connect floor drains, pot sinks, and
dish washers to grease waste system. Connect all other
fixtures including grinders and disposal waste machines to
non-grease waste system.
2. Locate grease traps outside building in a serviceable
location, preferably at the receiving dock, but as close to
the grease source as possible.
3. Equip remote kitchen areas with small cast iron interceptors
located in Back-of-House areas for easy cleaning and
maintenance.
4. Design grease traps in accordance with governing code,
ASPE, or at a minimum, 7,600 liters (2,000 gallons) with
cleanouts at the entry and exit. Vent grease trap individually
through the roof.
D. Laundry Lint Receptors: <11A>
1. Drain laundry equipment into trench drain with an
accessible lint collection receptor.
2. Provide receptor with dual removable screens, fixed screen
and a domed drain with fixed screen.
3. Consider use of laundry hot water reclamation system.
E. Trash / Can Wash: <10>
1. Provide hot water for wash down at loading / dock area.
2. Provide floor drains and trench drains in the loading dock
and trash compactor area. Route all drains through the
grease trap.
F. Water Features: Verify that site and building water features are
provided with appropriate water supply, filtration, circulation,
treatment, aeration and drainage.

15B.6 Piping Systems

A. Design Pressures:
1. Design and zone system to maintain between 275 kP
and 550 kP (40 and 80 psi) at fixtures.
2. Provide maximum of 9 floors in pressure zones. Use or
pressure reducing valves in domestic water systems is
prohibited.
3. Maintain system pressure through a factory
manufactured and tested automatic triplex booster pump
system with premium efficiency motors sized at 50% -
50% - 20% split with variable frequency drives. Pump
controller sequences pumps based on flow readings
from a flow sensor with back-up pressure switch.
4. Connect booster pump system to emergency power.
B. Pipe Material:
1. Domestic Water Pipe: Type “L” copper with no-lead
solder or “ProPress” joints and coppers fittings. Use type
“K” copper underground. Options include “Aquatherm”
polypropylene piping systems, “Flowguard Gold” and
“Corzan” CPVC piping systems, and stainless steel
piping and fittings with pressure ratings not less than
those equivalent for type “L” copper. “PEX” piping
systems may be used only for final distribution in
guestroom bathrooms (no joints between the manifold
and fixture).
2. Storm and Sanitary Sewer: Cast iron pipe and fittings
is required for all wet systems with piping larger than
50 mm (2 inch). As an option Sovent may be considered
if the entire design is approved in writing by the
manufacturer and the contractor is a certified installer.
Schedule 40 PVC piping is acceptable for all vent piping,
underground waste piping (PVC materials and joint
cement must be compatible with waste temperatures
encountered), and for sanitary piping 50 mm (2 inch).”
3. Natural or LP Gas: Schedule 40 black steel with screwed
or welded fittings or type “L” copper.
4. Gas Piping Installation: Do not conceal piping in walls
and non-accessible ceilings. Install gas piping only
in accessible locations and surface mount at kitchen
hoods.
C. Pipe Sizing: Do not exceed 2.4 m/s (8 fps) maximum velocity
in the domestic water system. Do not exceed 1.2 m/s (4 fps)
maximum velocity in the hot water return system.

D. Pipe Supports: Provide clevis or Uni-strut trapeze hangers

with maximum spacing for copper or cast iron piping
system supports based on pipe diameter plus provide
supports on both sides of changes in direction and at both
sides of valves and fittings.
1. 50 mm (2 inch) and Smaller: 1.8 m (6 ft.) maximum.
2. 50 mm (2 inch) to Less than 150 mm (6 inch): 3 m (10
ft.) maximum.
3. 150 mm (6 inch) and More: 4.5 m (15 ft.) maximum.
4. PVC Piping: Provide clevis or Uni-strut trapeze hangers
with maximum spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft.).
5. Floor Penetrations: Provide steel riser clamps (copper
coated for copper pipe) at each floor.
6. Hanger Shields: Provide at each hanger for insulated
piping.
E. Pipe Insulation: Provide continuous insulation system for
piping as follows.
1. Domestic Cold Water and Horizontal Storm Drainage
Piping Inside Building: Flexible elastomeric thermal
insulation of thickness based on pipe diameter as
follows:
a. 18 mm (¾ inch) Pipe: 18 mm (¾ inch) minimum.
b. 25 mm (1 inch) to 50 mm (2 inch) Pipe: 25 mm (1
inch) minimum.
c. 50 mm (2 inch) and Larger Pipe: 35 mm (1 ½ inch)
minimum.
2. Domestic Hot Water and Hot Water Return: Insulate
as indicated above for domestic cold water. Fiberglass
insulation with a vapor barrier may be used.
3. Seams and Joints: Continuously glued with insulation
contact adhesive.
4. Valves and Fittings: Insulate as required above and
cover with one piece, PVC, molded jacket covers.
5. Hot Water Supply and Return: Insulate piping with 35
mm (1 ½ inch) minimum thick fibrous glass insulation
with vapor barrier.
6. Where insulated piping is subject to damage, provide
with Venture Tape jacket.
F. Valves: Design the piping system with valves located to
permit repairs without shutting down more than one piping
riser at a time. Where possible, locate balancing, isolation and
shut-off valves over Back-of-House areas to allow remote,
accessible service that is not visible to public and guests.
Shut-off Valves: Provide full port ball valves for the
following:
1. In supply and return piping to equipment to permit
service and replacement.

2. At the base of hot water and cold water risers.
3. In domestic hot water return line on both sides of the
flow control valve at top of each riser.
4. At major branch takeoffs for isolation of systems.
5. Provide gas shutoff valve at each piece of kitchen
equipment.
6. Gate valves are not allowed.
Balancing (Flow Control) Valves: Provide with memory stops
and measuring ports to calibrate pressure drop and water
flow at each piece of equipment and at each hot water re-
turn riser. Do not use ball valves for balancing.
Equipment Connections: Provide di-electric unions at con-
nections of dissimilar metals.
Piping Identification: Provide the following:
1. Plastic Nameplates: Identify pumps, heat exchangers,
tanks, water treatment devices and control panels.
2. Brass Tags: Identify small devices, including in-line
pumps and valves.
3. Plastic Pipe Markers: Snap-on type with flow arrows
for domestic cold water, domestic hot water and hot
water return piping.
Air Vents: Provide the following:
1. Manual Type: Place at system high points.
2. Automatic Type: Place at system high points above
inaccessible ceilings hard-piped to nearest floor drain.
Thermo wells: Provide on both sides of all equipment and at
all temperature control devices.
Pressure Regulators and Shock Absorbers: Provide on branches
serving ice machines, dishwashers and laundry equipment
and at toilet rooms with flush valves. Locate and install
shock absorbers accessible for service and maintenance.
Gas Solenoid Valves: Install automatic gas solenoid valve
with manual reset in an accessible location on supply gas
line at each kitchen hood. <10> <14> <15A>
Valve shuts down gas flow to appliances, under the hood,
on receipt of signal through the fire alarm system from
hood water flow switch or control unit.
Gas Pressure Regulating Valves: <10> <11A> Install to regu-
late gas pressure at the point of entry to the building and
at kitchen and laundry equipment based on requirements
of actual equipment selected. In earthquake areas provide
automatic shut-off gas solenoid valve.
1. Install regulators and valves in an accessible location,
not above ceilings.
2. Outfit regulators with full size piped vent to exterior of
building.

15B.7 Commissioning
A. Requirements:
1. Adequate and timely water supply is a critical component
for guest satisfaction and is achieved through the proper
design, installation and commissioning of building
systems.
2. The primary purpose of commissioning is to obtain a
building whose service systems function, in all respects,
according to design intent and are able to maintain
adequate domestic water for staff and guests, producing
a high level of occupant satisfaction. To achieve this,
it is essential to implement a commissioning process
that tests, verifies, adjusts, calibrates and documents
the functional performance of the domestic water and
plumbing systems equipment outlined in this Module
prior to occupancy. Properly commissioned systems are
set up to function at maximum efficiency, minimizing
energy consumption and operating costs.
relationship with the plumbing or prime contractor).
systems and include required equipment pre-start and
start-up checklists and verification checklists. Additional
documentation includes water test and balance reports,
operating & maintenance manuals, highlighted cut sheets,
Record “As-Built” Documents and warranties on all
equipment.

Plumbing Fixture Schedule

American Stan-
Fixture Item / Number Item / Description Kohler Model #
dard Model #
Toilet (Water Closet)
Fixture: Wall hung, 2-⅛ inch diameter fully glazed trap,

vitreous china, siphon jet elongated bowl, 1½ inch top 2257.103 K-4330-0 Kings-
spud, white. Provide carrier with horizontal and vertical Afwall ton
adjustments.
P1 Toilet, Public Seat: Heavy duty solid plastic, elongated, open front, stain- 9500C K-4666-C-0
less steel posts and check hinge, white. Church Lustra
Flush Valve: Automatic with 1½ inch top spud coupling,

111 Sloan Royal
wall and spud flanges, chrome plated.
Fixture: Wall hung, vitreous china, 2‑⅛ inch diameter fully

glazed trap, siphon jet elongated bowl, 1½ inch top spud, 2257.103 K-4330-0 Kings-
white. Minimum seat height of 17 inches. Provide carrier Afwall ton
with horizontal and vertical adjustments.
P1A Toilet, Public, Acces-
sible Seat: Heavy duty solid plastic, elongated, open front, stain- 9500C K-4666-C-0
less steel posts and check hinge, white. Church Lustra
Flush Valve: Automatic with 1½ inch top spud coupling,

111 Sloan Royal
wall and spud flanges, chrome plated.
Fixture: Floor outlet, 2‑⅛ inch diameter fully glazed trap,

rim height 16½" with close coupled tank, vitreous china, 2835.128
K-3609 Cimarron
siphon jet, elongated bowl, bolt caps, white, with polished Cadet 3
P1B Toilet, Guestrooms chrome trip lever 1.28 gallon flush.
Seat: Ergonomic, heavy-duty solid plastic, elongated,
5324.019
closed front with cover, stainless steel posts and check K-4658-0 Brevia
Rise & Shine
hinge, white.
2386.012 K-3589-0 Cimar-
Fixture: Same as standard guestroom P1B Toilet
P1C Toilet, Guestrooms, Cadet ron
Accessible 5324.019
Seat: Same as standard guestroom. K-4658-0 Brevia
Rise & Shine
Fixture: Floor outlet, 2‑⅛ inch diameter fully glazed trap,

low profile, one piece, water saver, tank type, vitreous 2068.019 K-3466-0 San
P1D Toilet, Suites
china elongated bowl, chrome finish trip level, with ergo- Ellisse Raphael
nomic matched seat and cover, white.

American Stan-
dard Model #
Fixture: Vitreous china for deck mount fitting, integral K-4854-0 San
5054.015 Ellisse
filler and overflow, flushing rim and spray, white Tropez
P1E Bidet, Guestrooms &
Suites
Fitting: Deck mounted, lever handle trim, pop-up drain, 7391.713 K-16132-4A-CP
polished chrome finish with traditional handles. Hampton Revival
Lavatory
Fixture: 53 x 43 cm (21 x 17 inches) overall, undercounter, 0497.221

K-2211-0 Caxton
vitreous china, front overflow, white. Ovalyn II
P2 Lavatory, Public & Faucet: 13 cm (5¼ inch) spout, 30 cm (12 inch) centers, cast
P2A Lavatory, Public, Ac- 7871.842 Hamp- K-16102-4A-CP
brass body and spout, with aerator and polished chrome
cessible ton Revival
lever handles
Drain: 3 cm (1¼ inch), 17 gage open grid strainer and tail-
*** K-7715-CP
piece, chrome plated.
Fixture: 53 x 36 cm (21 x 14 inches) overall, undercounter,

0618.000
rectangular shape, vitreous china, front overflow, white K-2215-0 Ladena
Studio
color.
P2B Lavatory, Guestroom
& Suite
Faucet: 13 cm (5¼ inch) spout; 20 to 40 cm (8 to 16 inch)
K-454-4V-CP
centers, cast brass body and spout, with aerator, pop-up ***
Memoirs
drain; polished chrome.
Fixture: 51 x 46 cm (20 x 18 inches), wall hung with 10 cm

(4 inch) centers, concealed arms, front overflow and back- 0356.421 K-2032-0
splash, white. Provide with adjustable, floor supported Lucerne Greenwich
P2C Lavatory, Back of concealed arm carrier.
House and ……
P2D Lavatory, Back of Faucet: Sensor operated single vandal-resistant long lever
K-15598-F-5-CP
House, Accessible handle, 10 cm (4 inch) centers, cast brass body and spout, 2000.100 Ceramix
Coralais
aerator, chrome finish,
Drain: 3 cm (1¼ inch), 17 gage open grid strainer and tail-
*** K-7715-CP
piece, chrome plated.
Urinal
6590.525
P3 Urinal, Public and Washbrook
…. Wall hung white vitreous china with 0.125 gallon per flush FloWise
P3A Urinal, Public, automatic flush valve.
Accessible
P3 6590.525
B Urinal, Back of House Washbrook FloWise
Wall hung white vitreous china with 0.125 gallon per flush
and ……
automatic flush valve.
P3C Urinal, Back of
House, Accessible

American Stan-
dard Model #
Sink (BOH)
Fixture: 61 x 51 cm (24 x 20 inch) enameled cast iron, with

wall hanger and stainless steel rim guard, white with 7.6 7695.008 K-6718-0 Bannon
cm (3 inch) acid resistant enameled cast iron “P” trap with Akron K-6673 Trap
P4 Sink, Service grid strainer.
Faucet: Wall mounted service faucet, vacuum breaker, inte- K-8907-CP

8344.112
gral stops, adjustable wall brace, pail hook, chrome plated. Kinlock
Fixture: 61 x 61 x 25 cm (24 x 24 x 10 inch) molded stone,

7.6 cm (3 inch) stainless steel combination dome strainer 7741.000 Florwell K-6710-0 Whitby
P4A Sink, Mop (Floor and lint basket.
Mounted) Fitting: Wall mounted service faucet, vacuum breaker,
K-8907-CP
integral stops, adjustable wall brace, pail hook, chrome 8344.112
Kinlock
plated.
Showers
Fixture: As approved by Marriott *** ***
Shower Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver K-304-KS
stops. Rite Temp
P5 Shower Enclosure, Gue- 7212.730
strooms, Suites and Fitness Shower Trim: Lever handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, with Hampton K-T-16114-4A-CP
Center one piece arm and flange, polished chrome finish. Revival
Shower Head: Polished chrome finish, single function 0.19 S-2005-HB K-10282-CP
l/s (2.5GPM) with flow restrictor. Speakman Forte
Shower Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver K-304-KS

stops. 7212.730 Rite Temp
Shower Trim: Lever handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, pol- Hampton K-T-16117-4A-CP
P5A Shower Enclosure, Ac-
cessible Guestrooms & ished chrome finish. Revival
Suites Hand Shower Assembly: 152 cm (60 inch) chrome plated
K-8520-CP
flexible hose, shower head, swivel connector, 61 cm
1662.602 Hotel Hand
(24 inch) long slide bar, supply ell, in-line vacuum breaker,
shower
chrome finish.
Seat: As approved by Marriott *** ***
Shower Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver 304-KS

P5B Shower Enclosure, stops. Rite Temp
Employee 2000.501
Shower Trim: Lever handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, ad- Ceramix K-T-15621-4-CPX
justable spray shower head, 0.19 l/s (3 GPM) flow restric-
Coralais
tor, with one piece arm and flange, polished chrome finish.

American Stan-
dard Model #

Shower Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver 304-KS
stops. Rite Temp
1662.602
Shower Trim: Lever handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, pol- K-T-15621-4-CPX
ished chrome finish. Coralais
P5C Shower Enclosure,
Employee, Accessible Hand Shower Assembly: 152 cm (60 inch) chrome plated
K-8520-CP
flexible hose, shower head, swivel connector, 61 cm (24
1662.602 Hotel Hand
inch) long slide bar, supply ell, in-line vacuum breaker,
shower
chrome finish.
Seat: As approved by Marriott *** ***

Bathtub
2460.002
Fixture: 152 x 81 x 42 cm (60 x 32 x 16 inch) deep, recess K-505-0
Americast
bath, enameled cast iron, slip resistant surface, white. Dynametric
K-304-KS
Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver stops, le- Rite Temp
7254.730
ver handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, tub filler spout, chrome K-T-16117-4A-CP
Hampton
finish. Revival
P6 Bathtub, Guestroom K-16135-CP Spout
Shower Head: Polished chrome finish, single function 0.19 S-2005-HB K-10282-CP
l/s (2.5 GPM) with flow restrictor. Speakman Forte
Tub Waste and Overflow: Solid brass 1½ inch, 17 gage trip

K-11660-CP
lever drain with tailpiece, lift and turn stopper, chrome ***
Swift Flow
finish.
Fixture: 152 x 81 x 42 cm (60 x 32 x 16 inch) deep, enam-

2460.002 K-505-0
eled cast iron, below floor rough-in, slip resistant surface,
Americast Dynametric
white.
K-304-KS
Rite Temp
K-T-16117-4A-CP
Diverter Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver
7254.730 Revival
stops, lever handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, tub filler spout,
Hampton K-16135-CP
P6A Bathtub, Accessible chrome finish.
Revival Spout
Guestroom K-9530-CP
Diverter
Hand Shower Assembly: 152 cm (60 inch) chrome plated

K-8520-CP
flexible hose, shower head, swivel connector, 61 cm (24
1662.602 Hotel Hand
inch) long slide bar, supply ell, in-line vacuum breaker,
shower
chrome finish.
Bathtub Seat: By Architect *** ***

American Stan-
dard Model #
Fixture: Selection by Architect (review with Marriott) *** ***
K-T-16119-4A-CP
R800 with
Faucet: Deck mounted valve, 20 cm (8 inch) centers, 25 cm Revival
T970.702 Hamp-
(10 inch) spout, lever handles, polished chrome finish. K-300-K
P6B Whirl Pool Bath ton
Rite Temp
Tub Waste and Overflow: 17 gage trip lever drain with K-11660-CP
***
tailpiece, lift and turn stopper, polished chrome finish. Swift Flow
Fixture: 152 x 81 x 42 cm (66 x 32 x 16 inch) deep, recess K-515-0

Porcher
bath, enameled cast iron, slip resistant surface, white. Dynametric
K-304-KS
Rite Temp
Valve: Pressure balanced valve with screwdriver stops, le-
7211.710 K-T-16117-4A-CP
P6C Bathtub, Suite ver handle, vandal-proof, faceplate, tub filler spout, chrome
Hampton Revival
finish.
K-16135-CP
Spout
Tub Waste and Overflow: Solid brass 1½ inch, 17 gage trip

K-11660-CP
lever drain with tailpiece, lift and turn stopper, chrome ***
Swift Flow
finish.
Sinks
Fixture: 28 x 23 x 18 cm (11 x 9 x 7 inch) deep self-rim- K-3262-2

***
ming, 18 gage 302 stainless steel, fully under coated. Ballad
Fitting: 38 cm (15 inch) gooseneck spout, 10 cm (4 inch)

P7 Sink, Bar K-16112-4A-CP
centers, 0.05 l/s (0.75 GPM) flow restrictor, aerator, lever ***
Revival
handles, polished chrome finish.
Strainer: Perforated grid chrome strainer with 302 stainless K-8801-CP
***
steel chrome plated tailpiece. DuoStrainer
Fixture: 46 x 41 cm (18 x 16 inch) wall hung heavy gage

stainless steel, 2 hole punched, 18 cm (7 inch) high splash-
P7A Kitchen & Back Bars: back, chrome plated faucet with spout and aerator, strainer *** ***
type waste, chrome plated tailpiece and trap with clean-out
and wall mounting bracket.
*** Verify manufacturer, model and model number with Marriott.

15B.8 Plumbing Fixtures, Accessories & Trim

A. General: Fixtures, faucets, and trim to be commercial
grade. Coordinate the following Schedule items with the
Architectural criteria and Interior Design requirements from
Modules <2> through <11> for public areas, guestrooms
and Back-of-House areas.
B. Plumbing Fixture Items / Number: Use the following fixture
numbers to identify fixtures on documents:
C. Plumbing Fixtures Schedule: For projects requiring water
saving or low flow fixtures for LEED Certification must
consult MI Engineering. Low gallon flush toilets must
exceed minimum 800 MaP test.
D. Manufacturers: Kohler, American Standard, Hansgrohe,
Gerber, Chicago Faucet
E. Miscellaneous Trim:
1. Toilet Supply: Chrome plated angle stop valve, wall
flange, and braided stainless steel supply line.
2. Lavatory Supply: ½ inch angle supply, wall flange,
chrome plated.
3. Lavatory and Sink Traps: 17 gauge chrome plated brass
without clean-out and wall flange.
4. Accessible Lavatory Trap Insulation Kit: Handi Lav-
Guard Model 102 & 105 white, self fastening, flexible,
vinyl insulation covers for drain traps and supply piping
with accessible angle valve insulation cover.
5. Shower Drain: 2 inch diameter with 4 inch
square perforated grid strainer, chrome finish. No
manufacturer’s name or symbol is to be visible.
F. Eye Wash Station: Provide foot operated, non-shower type
fixtures in compliance with OSHA standards.
1. Connect fixtures to plumbing system (not reservoir
type that require maintenance, testing and regulation
burdens).
2. Provide and locate eyewash stations throughout the
property as follows:
• Laundry chemical storage / handling <11A>
• Pool pump room storage / handling <4>
• Kitchen warewashing (cleaning chemicals) <10>
• Housekeeping (cleaning chemicals) <11B>
• Engineering maintenance and shop areas <9>
• Other locations where caustic products are mixed,
dispensed or handled.

15B.9 Table 15B-1 - Plumbing Requirements
Remarks
Module Space CW HW Gas
Provide the following fixtures, systems, devices, and equipment:
Irrigation system and drainage for live plant areas.

Hose bibs at Porte Cochere area, entry and sidewalk for wash down.
1 Site / Building Exterior X Box Hydrants 30 mm (1 ¼ inch) at 61 m (200 ft.) on center for parking
lot, and 30 mm (1 ¼ inch) box hydrant for feature water pool and foun-
tain wash down.
Entrance / Lobby X Irrigation system and drainage for live plant areas.
Public Toilets Floor drains under toilet partitions.
X X
Water hammer arrestors at flush valves.
2 Janitors Closet X X Service sink.
X
Business Center
Lounges X X X Irrigation system and drainage for live plant areas.
Exercise Room X
Steam Generator Room X Water connection and floor drain.
Hose Bibs 18 mm (¾ inch) at 23 m (75 ft.) on center for deck wash down.
4 Indoor Pool X X
Floor drains around pool deck and under toilet partitions in restrooms.
Sump pit, hose bib, floor drain, make-up water connection, and gas con-
Pool Equipment Room
nection for heaters.
Outdoor Recreation X Hose Bibs 18 mm (¾ inch) at 61 m (200 ft.) on center for wash down.
Ice Machine X Water connection and floor drain with air gap.
7B Washing machines service sink, floor drain and wall box.
Housekeeping / Linen X X X
Glass Washer make-up water and floor drain.
7C Exec. Lounge Pantry X X Coffee station; sink; floor drain

Remarks
Module Space CW HW Gas
Provide the following fixtures, systems, devices, and equipment:
Admin. Offices X X Coffee Station; sink

Service Corridors X Ice Machine: Water connection and floor drain with air gap.
First Aid / Nurse X X Sink: Small for hand washing.
8 Associate Lockers X X Janitor’s Closet: Service sink.

Floor Drains: Locate under toilet partitions.
X
Associate Toilets X Hose Bibb: 18 mm (¾ inch) under lavatories.
Water Hammer Arrestors: At flush valves.
X
Employee Dining X X
Telephone Equip X X Eye Wash Station: Locate for battery storage.
Wall Hydrant: 18 mm (¾ inch) for wash down.
Receiving Dock X
9 Drains: Domed type in dock trench drain.
Wall Hydrant: 18 mm (¾ inch) hot and cold water.
Can Wash X X
Drains: Domed type in floor.
Heat Tracing: Insulate and heat trace condensate lines in freezers / cool-
ers.
Ice Machines: Water connection and floor drain with air gap.
10 Kitchens X X X
Gas Valve: Gas pressure regulating valve on incoming line.
Gas Shut-Off: Automatic gas solenoid valve with manual reset under
exhaust hood to shut-off gas to appliances in fire condition.
Water Hammer Arrestors: At quick closing water valves.

Floor Drains: Domed type in depressed areas at 3.1 m (10 ft.) on center.
11A Laundry X X X Washing Machines: 18 mm (¾ inch) hose bibb.
Dryers: Gas connection to dryers.
Folders: Compressed air.

Module
15C
Electrical Systems
North America
(U.s. & canada)
Design Standards
January 2009
15C - Electrical Systems JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Contents
15C.1 General Requirements 1
15C.2 Base Electrical System 1
15C.3 Distribution 2
15C.4 Lighting 5
15C.5 Power 18
15C.6 Emergency Electrical Systems 19
15C.7 Fire Alarm System <14> 22
15C.8 Fire Command Room (Central Control Station) 22
15C.9 Miscellaneous Electrical 22
15C.10 Commissioning 23
15C.11 Table 15C-1 – Lighting Criteria 24
Module Organization
Marriott.
A Electrical | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts Electrical Systems - 15C
15C.1 General Requirements

1. Any proposed deviations from these Standards must be
submitted in writing and approved by Marriott International
(MI) Engineering. Deviations that alter operating costs must
also include a complete computer simulated life cycle cost
analysis so that any negative impact can be reflected in the
operating Pro-Forma.
2. Information contained in this module is intended to set
minimum MI requirements and not to provide complete design
solutions to project specific situations.
3. Comply with the more stringent of governing laws, codes,
regulations and the following MI Design Standards. Refer
conflicts to MI Engineering for resolution.
4. Requirements in these Standards will be installed by the
electrical contractor and must be included in the electrical design
documents with references to other documents as required.
B. Fire Protection / Life Safety: See Module <14>.
15C.2 Base Electrical System
1. General: Provide an energy efficient electrical system
requiring minimum level maintenance and maximum level
of safety within budgeted costs.
2. Reference: Comply with current issue of local applicable
codes, including, but not limited to, NEC, NFPA 72, and
NFPA 101, whichever is more stringent.
3. Environment: Consider for system design and equipment
selection, a hotel operating environment requiring quick
and easy maintenance with little or no down time and a high
degree of reliability.
4. Equipment: Locate to provide minimum impact to
architecture and interior finishes of the building.
5. Install interior designed equipment for inside use only and
not for outside use.
6. Design and construct outside equipment for project specific
conditions.
B. Incoming Service:
1. Type: Provide electrical service underground from a utility
company transformers and terminating in a secure, main service
switchboard located in main electrical room with access limited
by authorized personnel only.
2. Sizing: Compute service capacity and main switchboard
computed in compliance with governing standards.
3. Transformers: NEMA TP-1 high efficiency dry type. If oil filled
transformers are used, locate them in protected area outside of
building.
Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Electrical 1

15C.3 Distribution
A. Wiring General:
1. Within Building: Copper wiring. Feeders serving non-rotating
equipment greater than 1/0 gauge may be aluminum.
2. Wiring Distribution: Four wire color coded grounded
system. Provide non-continuous grounded systems, such as
cable trays with separate ground at less than 25 ohms to
ground.
B. Power Distribution:
1. Throughout Building: Typically, with either bus duct or
cables to sub-distribution panels for lighting, receptacles,
appliance circuits and mechanical equipment.
2. Tower Distribution Riser: Typically, vertical to sub-
distribution panels located every floor.
3. Branch Circuits: Run horizontally.
C. Switchboards and Panels:
1. Main Switchboard: Provide breakers with single main
disconnect switch and GFI protection.
2. 480 Volt Switchboards: Provide GFI protection on main
switch.
3. Spares: Provide 25% spare capacity on switchboards.
4. Surge / Lightning Arrestors: On each service, provide surge
suppressors and lightning arrestors.
5. Sub-distribution Panel Boards: Circuit breaker type. With
thermal magnetic breakers (magnetic only breakers are not
allowed). Provide separate panels for light and power.
6. Panel Boards: Locate where possible to be within 30 m
(100 ft.) of its loads, but not in pool equipment rooms. Do
not locate panel boards, disconnect switches, cabinets, etc.
in public spaces.
7. Region Requirement: If required, locate guestroom load
centers as directed by MI coordinated with the interior
design.
D. Feeders:
1. Conductors: Copper cable in cable trays or conduit. Place
in conduit when installed in concrete slabs and masonry
walls.
2. Feeder Size: Comply with local standards but size elevator
feeders to carry full load without use of demand factors.
E. Branch Circuits:
1. Conductors: Copper.
2. Loads: Calculate with maximum loading of conductors at
75% of connected or calculated load, whichever is greater.
3. Circuits: Serve typical guestrooms with two 20A circuits
and one 20A circuit for guest bathroom.
2 Electrical | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

a. Generally, provide horizontal circuiting from panel

boards.
b. Provide individual circuits for service appliances and
mechanical equipment.
c. In suites and special rooms, circuit as required.
F. Receptacles:
1. Public Spaces: 20 amp rated located at lamp locations and for
cleaning at 8 m (25 ft.) radius.
2. Ballroom / Meeting Rooms: <6> Maximum of two receptacles
per 20 amp circuit, located for convenience every 8 m (25 ft.)
along wall with one on each side of a door. Provide 200 amp, 3
phase, disconnect with pin and sleeve cable receptacle for each
large ballroom section. Provide method of routing electrical
distribution wiring, from service corridor into ballroom
sections, through concealed audio / video and electrical
connection panels. <13C> In moveable partition pockets and
flush mount floor boxes.
Space Sq. ft. Description
1PH receptacles – 120V, 20A each, at 15ft. intervals
<800 & >400
1PH, 208/230V, 60A twist lock receptacle located on the service wall
1PH receptacles – 120V, dedicated 20A each, at 15ft. intervals
>800 Sq Ft 1-3PH, 208/230V, 60A power lock receptacle located on the service
wall
>1500 Sq Ft 2-3PH, 208/230V, 60A power lock receptacles located on the service
and entry walls
2-3PH, 208/230V, 60A power lock receptacles located on the service
and entry walls per room division >1500 sq ft.
1-3PH, 208/230V, 200A service disconnect located in the service aisle
>5000 Sq Ft with pass through for cables
Install one 2'x2'x2' floor box centrally located with 4-3" conduits that
run to the service aisle or adjacent electrical room to facilitate addi-
tional power runs, data/telecom cable, water/sewer, compressed air or
other potential utilities. Coordinate location with MI Engineering.
I PH receptacles – 120V, 20A located to match hang point grid above
ceiling with access
and entry walls per room division >1500 sq.ft.
with pass through for cables
>10,000 Sq Ft
1PH, 208/230V, 30A and 2 each1PH receptacles – 120V, 20A each
power receptacles located in floor boxes per 2000 sq. ft. (layout will
depend on shape of room and how booth set up will lay out) Boxes
should include phone and cat 6 cable.
Install two 2'x2'x2' floor boxes centrally located with 4-3" conduits
that run to the service aisle or adjacent electrical room to facilitate ad-
ditional power runs, data/telecom cable, water/sewer, compressed air
or other potential utilities. Coordinate location with MI Engineering.

Space Sq. ft. Description

1PH receptacles – 120V, dedicated 20A each, at 15 ft. intervals
I PH receptacles – 120V, 20A located to match hang point grid at
ceiling
and entry walls per room division >1500 sq. ft.
with pass through for cables
>20,000 Sq Ft
1-3PH, 208/230V, 30A and 2 each1PH receptacles – 120V, 20A each
power receptacles located in floor boxes per 2000 sq. ft. (layout will
depend on shape of room and how booth set up will lay out) Boxes
should include phone and cat 6 cable.
Install two 2'x2'x2' floor boxes centrally located with 4-3" conduits
that run to the service aisle or adjacent electrical room to facilitate ad-
ditional power runs, data/telecom cable, water/sewer, compressed air
or other potential utilities. Coordinate location with MI Engineering.
1PH receptacles – 120V, dedicated 20A each, at 15 ft. intervals
Prefunction
Space 1-3PH, 208/230V, 60A power lock receptacles in central locations per
2500 sq. ft.
1-3PH, 60A power lock receptacle and 2-120V, 20A receptacles
Outdoor Space A cable hanging system or cable tray should be designed inside room
>800 Sq Ft to hold cables above doors as well as hooks in the service area as
needed.
3. Exterior Events: <6> Provide NEMA 3R, 100 amp, 3 phase

disconnect switch with pin and sleeve cable receptacle and
other necessary 20 amp, 120 V duplex outlets.
4. Guest Corridors: <7B> Maximum of three receptacles per
circuit, located every 15 m (50 ft.) along corridor walls.
5. Administration Areas: <8A> Maximum of five receptacles
per circuit, located at desks and work areas for electronic
equipment, convenience and lamps.
6. Banquet Service Corridor: <6> <10> Provide single outlet
on dedicated circuit on both sides of the corridor, every 1.5
m (5 ft.), 1.5 m (5 ft.) above finished floor, within 15 m (50 ft.)
of the service entrances.
7. Food Service Areas: <10> In non-service line areas, provide
single outlet on dedicated circuit every 3 m (10 ft.).
8. Mechanical Areas: Located within 8 m (25 ft.) of all
mechanical equipment in mechanical rooms and on roofs.
9. Exterior of Building: GFCI protected, located around
building for landscape trimming, generally in vicinity of
exit doors at Porte Cochere and major landscape areas.
G. Rated Cable: Provide specified rated cable for Property Based
System (PBS) <13A>, Point of Sale System (P.O.S.) <13A> and
Audio/Video (A/V) System <13C>. Cable type requirements
(shielding, rating, and conduit enclosure) are defined in Module
<13> and subsequent Modules.

15C.4 Lighting
Service and Access:
1. Locate lighting fixtures to enable reasonable access for
service and re-lamping.
2. Locate ground mounted exterior fixtures to enable
reasonable access for service and re-lamping.
3. Locate master dimmer control in air conditioned, protected,
non-public areas.
Circuiting: Provide separate circuits for wall washers, down
lights, emergency exit, and decorative fixtures.
Lighting Levels: Design lighting systems to provide foot-
candle (lux) levels in compliance with Table 15C-1 - Lighting
Requirements at the end of this Module.
B. Types:
1. Public space lighting in restaurant areas, guest corridors,
stairwells and public toilets is generally, compact fluorescent
downlights and wall sconces and incandescent decorative
light fixtures
2. Ballroom lighting is incandescent chandeliers (dimmed),
incandescent wall sconces (dimmed), compact fluorescent
downlights (dimmed), fluorescent double staggered tube
cove lighting (2-level switched), and track lights for head
table locations. See Module <6> and “Function Space”
item below.
3. Prefunction lighting is incandescent chandeliers (dimmed),
incandescent wall sconces (dimmed), compact fluorescent
downlights (dimmed), and fluorescent double staggered
tube cove lighting (2 level switched).
4. Meeting Room lighting is compact fluorescent downlights
or 60 x 60 cm (2 x 2 ft.) parabolic fixtures for the main
room interior area (zoned switched), compact fluorescent
downlights around the room perimeter (dimmed and zoned
in two areas, front and back), and incandescent or compact
fluorescent wall sconces (dimmed).
5. Board Room lighting is compact fluorescent downlights
(dimmed and zoned) and incandescent or compact
fluorescent wall sconces (dimmed).
6. Guestroom lighting is 2700 degree Kelvin compact
fluorescent spiral type lamps with color rendering index
(CRI) of 85 and instant on no flicker ballasts and lamps.
7. Suite lighting type to be reviewed and approved by
Marriott.

8. Guestroom bathroom lighting is waterproof downlights

over tub and shower, incandescent downlights over
vanity sink, and paired wall sconces flanking the vanity.
If room size dictates, provide a decorative downlight
fixture at center of room. Provide two-level lighting
control in the bathroom.
9. Back-of-House lighting is designed by the electrical
engineer and is generally fluorescent.
C. Lighting Controls:
Switching:
1. Back-of-House: Office locally switched. Corridors
dual level switching. Provide occupancy sensors in all
back-of-house offices, and storage rooms. Dual lamp
fluorescent fixtures with built in occupancy sensors to
cycle off one lamp. Do not install occupancy sensors
in mechanical rooms.
2. Public Toilets and Fitness Center: Keyed switch, local.
3. Public Area: Dimmer controlled.
4. Exterior, Site and Parking Lot: Photocell / timeclock.
Connect to BMS.
5. Locate dimmer modules in electric rooms with
cooling.
Dimming / Switching: Comply with the following:
Appropriate lighting is an essential element of the event
environment. In a prominent supporting role, quality light-
ing provides both functional illumination and dramatic
interest to an event. When properly designed, quality illu-
mination may be taken for granted. However, when light-
ing is poorly designed and controlled, poor lighting can be
the source of customer irritation and serious compromise
to the even the best planned event.
This summary reviews the essential elements required for
quality event support in each event venue and outlines our
standards for lighting quantity, quality and control.
Lighting improvements that exceed this standard should
be seriously evaluated in order to capitalize on the hotel’s
anticipated event customer expectations. Relatively low
cost lighting improvements (particularly in lighting con-
trol) may offer the opportunity to significantly improve
customer satisfaction and increase revenue.

Lighting Quantity
The most fundamental aspect of lighting is quantity. For
reference, lighting quantity is measured in foot-candles
(FC) and is illustrated on the continuum below. Light levels
below those shown for social and meeting will be perceived
as substandard.
0 (FC) 20 40 100 1,000 10,000
Foot-candle (FC): A unit of illuminance or Meeting : 40 foot-candles, Sun with Natural

illumination, equivalent to the illumination with fluorescent or metal Overcast Daylight
produced by a source of one candle at a halide (unless restricted by
distance of one foot and equal to one lumen local ordinance)
incident per square foot. Social : 20-25
foot-candles, without
fluorescent lights on
Dark Garage at Night
Minimum Threshold of
Human Vision
Lighting Quality
The second fundamental component of lighting is qual-
ity. Although lighting quality remains largely an aesthetic
issue, a number of qualities can be addressed objectively.
The following are general ways to ensure quality:
• Eliminate flicker.
• Eliminate or minimize glare.
• Use light sources with good color rendering.
Lighting Quality
Both the correlated color

temperature (CCT) and
>> color rendering index
(CRI) for light sources
should be used in
choosing light sources.
Image Courtesy of Energy Star

Lighting Control
When the proper lighting quantity and quality of light is pro-
vided, the event operational focus shifts to lighting control, for
the event management team and the event customer.
Lighting Control Features
Type of Control Control Feature Application
Individual master dimmer controls for stand-alone

Lighting “presets” call up different scenes for
Scene Control Meeting Rooms, or distributed power panels and
different purposes.
processor based systems for larger Ballrooms
Multi-scene way-stations at entry points and/or 2 button

Manual Override Provide control points throughout a space.
way-stations at staff entry
Handheld control enables recall of pre-programmed

scenes for guest.
Portable Control IR remote control for handheld lighting control.
Requires a ceiling mounted IR receiver per salon or Meet-
ing Room.
Options include back-of-house intuitive control point for

Lighting controls automatically adapt to changes in
Partitioning all partitioning or automatic utilizing ceiling mounted
room configurations.
partition sensors.
Allow control of all architectural lighting by third party

Console Control Take control with connection to DMX consoles. specialty event lighting through stage board. Supply
input jacks for stage board plug-in as required.
Used in conjunction with astronomic time clock to turn

Occupant Response Lights respond to room occupancy. lights off when room is unoccupied in after-hour mode to
save energy.
Turn lights on and off automatically based on a Used in conjunction with occupancy sensors to engage or
Time Scheduling
user-defined schedule. dis-engage occupancy sensors in after-hour mode.
Automated window treatments can be used in meeting

Integrate electronic window treatments with lighting
Daylight Control spaces and high-end board rooms that are controllable
controls.
through the lighting control system.
In Prefunction areas and other areas where daylight is

Daylight sensors balance electric lights with available
Daylighting present, electric lighting can be adjusted when natural
daylight.
light is present to save energy.
Lighting control integrates with building Interface to Building Management Systems when
BMS Integration
management systems. required, for complete energy management.
Scenes. Typical meeting area control systems have four scene presets, in addition to a work
light (full on and off) A scene is a combination of lighting groups that create the lighting
effect one would want for functions such as banquets, meetings, slide shows, etc. More scenes
may be necessary in larger Ballrooms or spaces that have intense video or theatrical use.
Zones. A lighting zone is a group of lights that are powered on one circuit. The number of
zones is dependent upon the number of different fixture types and locations within a room.
It is important to remember that the number of zones directly affects the cost of the system,
while the number of scenes does not. An eight scene Ballroom can be only slightly more
expensive than a four scene.

Lighting Controls Design for Meeting Spaces

Functional Area Lighting Control Type Rationale
Preset wall station controls

In the Ballroom area, simple recall of preset scenes is appropriate, when
• Backlit and Engraved.
controls are properly labeled.
• 4 scene (min.) recall with raise, lower and off.
Infrared Handheld control

Handheld control empowers the clients to have full control of their
• 4 scene (min.) recall with raise, lower and off.
environment.
• Communicate to Infrared Ceiling Sensors.
Partitioning capability using wall station or ceiling Partition controls allow the individual and combined rooms to function
mounted sensors. appropriately.
Override zone control from back of the house
Grand Ballroom When A/V person is available, they may want to have the ability to alter
In room programming jacks and handheld programmer
salons & scene or zone settings, or to look at the facility remotely.
when processor based systems are used.
Jr. Ballroom
When additional stage lighting is used in Ballroom for specific events,
salons
DMX control capability by theatrical stage board for all the audio / visual technician needs the ability to patch all architectural
architectural lighting when required. lighting into the stage board for large events. When the stage board is
unplugged, all architectural lighting returns to its last selected scene.
The locations of the head table and food displays and other table
Lighting in Ballroom areas must be circuited and zoned presentations move from one event to the next.
to accommodate maximum flexibility of space. Hotel needs ability to turn individual light zones on and off in the
appropriate parts of the Ballroom without affecting the whole Ballroom.
Provide occupancy sensors to communicate directly with the light-
Occupancy sensors. ing control system to ensure that lights are turned off or to a pre-pro-
grammed night light
Wall box-mounted manual dimmers or include as a
defined area within the Ballroom dimming system.
This area is requires flexibility of lighting for multiple events or functions.
Provide astronomic time clock control for after hours
Prefunction light level settings.
Where daylight is present, integration to photo sensors can adjust
Photo sensors.
electronic light levels to save energy.
Multi-zone preset control requirements are similar to
Ballroom requirements. The Meeting Rooms are not
In the Ballroom area, simple recall of preset scenes is appropriate, when
required to be integrated with the Ballroom, but can
controls are properly labeled.
be considered if it supports overall cost savings to the
project.
Preset wall station controls
Simple recall of preset scenes is appropriate, when controls are properly
• Backlit and engraved.
labeled.
• 4 scene (minimum) recall with raise, lower and off.
Infrared Handheld control
Handheld control empowers clients to have full control of their environ-
• 4 scene (minimum) recall with raise, lower and off.
ment.
Meeting Rooms • Communicate to Infrared Ceiling Sensors.
Partitioning capability using wall station or ceiling Partition controls allow the individual and combined rooms to
mounted sensors. function appropriately.
Lighting in Meeting Room areas must be circuited and

The locations of the head table can move from one event to the next.
zoned to accommodate maximum flexibility of space.
Provide occupancy sensors to communicate directly with the lighting

control system to ensure that lights are turned off or to a pre programmed
night light setting when space is unoccupied.
Occupancy Sensors.
Occupancy sensors will only be operational in the late to morning hours
so that there is no chance that lights will operate inappropriately while
the space is occupied by customers.
Amphitheater/ Preset wall station controls with ability to communicate,
High Tech as required, to shades, screens, projectors, and other System has to be simple to use for multiple, relatively untrained users.
Meeting Area such equipment.

Infrared Control Distributed Power Theatrical (DMX)

Control
• Multiple power panel options: • Architectural lighting control system (via

• Empowers the customer to control the
-Dimming input jacks) is controlled through lighting
lighting environment remotely.
-Switching stage board for special events.
• Low voltage ceiling receiver.
• Distributed power is controlled via Master • Typically required in larger salons within
• Handheld 4 or 8 scene control.
Grafik Eye Controllers or Grafik Processor. Ballroom.
Partition Controls Wall Stations Master Scene

Control
A Zone I
B Fade T
• Can be offered as a low voltage control to C Temp

• Wall mounted control offered back of • Numerous wall station control offering D Scene
distributed power panels for medium sized
house. • Typical 4 scene wall station at entry. E Built-
Ballrooms.
• Ceiling mounted sensors automatically read • 2 scene wall station located at staff entrance • Can be offered as a stand-alone line voltage
presence of air walls. to salons for cleaning scene. control for separate meeting spaces.
Lighting Control Quality Grafik Processor

Lighting control systems must be safe, perform flawlessly,
be reliable and look good.
1. Safety: System must conform to codes and industry
standards (AIC & SCCR) and provide fail-safe operation.
2. Performance: System must operate quietly and
consistently regardless of power input and lighting type
variables.
3. Reliability: System must operate without hotel
maintenance on a continuous 24 hour / 7 day a week • Allows for optimum control of multiple
schedule supported by factory service and backup. salon / Ballroom areas.
• Can also be used to integrate other areas
4. Aesthetics: Visible components must be uniform in of the hotel into one cost-effective lighting
design, color and finish with intuitive, backlit, engraved control system as required.
controls and graphics.
5. Design Standards: Successful events require a high
Image Courtesy of Lutron
quality lighting control system that is comprehensively
defined in the respective hotel Design Standard.

Lighting Fixture Types

The selection of the appropriate combination of fixtures and
controls for event venues can assure that the events are sup-
ported with the desired visual setting. The following is a sum-
mary of the design issues and generic types of lights that are
used in event spaces.
1. Design: Ideally, lighting designs and fixture selections are
managed by an experienced lighting consultant or electrical
engineer with extensive experience with hospitality
functions. However, event management guidance on how
the areas will function is an important element of the design
and cannot be ignored.
2. Multipurpose Design: When event areas are intended to
serve multiple purposes (Ballrooms used as exhibit space
/ Exhibit Hall used for banquets, etc.) a combination of
lighting systems and controls may be appropriate.
3. Lamp selection: Many light fixtures offer the choice of
incandescent or fluorescent lamps. Incandescent lamps are
preferred for the quality of the light and ease of control.
Fluorescent lamps are selected for light quantity and
energy efficiency. Generally, a good lighting design is a
compromise of types based on their intended use.
4. Track lighting: Large Ballroom subdivides (over 1500
sq. ft.) can benefit from having two sets of track lighting
to increase flexibility in customizing lighting settings to
highlight specific parts of the room and head tables. Consider
installing two circuit tracks to allow even greater flexibility
in activating individual lights within a track. Keep enough
heads in place to avoid damage during excessive removal /
installations.
5. Separate down light zones: Down light zone controls can
be used to prevent excessive light spill onto projection
screen or to accent buffets.
• While increasing flexibility, this option still requires
planning and identification of the most common place-
ment of screens and buffets.
• This option may require adding a new control zone to the
room, and in pre-set systems, may require adding a zone
to the control station.

Lighting Fixture Types for Meeting Spaces
Meeting
Boardroom Prefunction Ballroom Exhibit Hall
Room
Wall Sconces
• Decorative
• Dimmable
• Fluorescent
• • • • •
• Incandescent
Chandeliers
• Decorative
• Dimmable • • •
• Incandescent
Cove
• Ambient Light
• Fluorescent
• Switched • • • •
• Manufactured or site-
built
2x2 Parabolic
• Ambient Light
• Fluorescent •
• Switched
Head Table
• Ambient Light
• Incandescent
• Dimmable
• •
• Adjustable, Track
Can - Down lights
• Dimmable
• Incandescent • • • •
• Fluorescent
Can - Down lights

• Ambient Light
• Ceramic Coated,
Metal Halide • •
• Switched
• High Ceilings
High Output T5
• Ambient Light
• Ceramic Coated
• Multi-switched
•
• 4x4
Metal Halide
• Ambient Light
• Ceramic Coated
• Zone Switched
•
• High Ceiling

Boardrooms:
1. Compact fluorescent down lights, dimmed (and
Space Min. Lux Switch zoned).
(FC) Main-
tained
2. Incandescent (or compact fluorescent) wall sconces,
dimmed.
Board
430 (40) S/**
3. Four scene plus on / off preset/control station with
Rooms black-out capability.
** Dimmer Controls in Back of House locations Lighting Plan of Typical Boardroom
2
Boardroom Lighting Controls
Incandescent
2 button wall •Tungsten Halogen
control
Fluorescent Cove
4 button wall
control
Wall Sconce
Chandelier
1 Lighting Cove
1 2 Service Corridor
Space Min. Lux Switch

(FC) Main- Meeting Rooms:
tained 1. Compact fluorescent down lights or 60 x 60 cm (2 x 2
ft.) parabolic fixtures for the main room, interior area,
Board
Rooms
430 (40) S/** zoned switching.
2. Compact fluorescent down lights or 2x4 parabolic
** Dimmer Controls in Back of House locations fluorescents around the room, dimmed (and zoned in
two areas, front and back).
3. Incandescent (or compact fluorescent) wall sconces,
dimmed.
4. Four scene plus on / off preset / control station with
Meeting Room Lighting Controls black-out capability.
2 button wall
control
Lighting Plan of Typical Meeting Room
4 button wall
control
Illustration 8-17
2x2 Parabolic
Incandescent
•Tungsten Halogen
Fluorescent Cove
1 Lighting Cove
1 2 Service Corridor

Prefunction: Space Min. Lux Switch

1. Provide incandescent chandeliers, dimmed. (FC) Main-
tained
2. Incandescent wall sconces, dimmed.
3. Compact fluorescent down lights, dimmed.
Prefunction 430 (40) S/**
4. Cove lighting (fluorescent double staggered tube),
2-level switched. ** Dimmer Controls in Back of House locations
Ballrooms:
1. Provide incandescent chandeliers, dimmed.
2. Incandescent wall sconces, dimmed. Space Min. Lux Switch
3. Compact fluorescent down lights, dimmed. (FC) Main-
4. Ceramic coated metal halide down lights. tained
5. Cove lighting (fluorescent double staggered tube),
2-level switched. Ballrooms 430 (40) S/**
6. Track lights for head table locations, dimmed.
Track lighting flexibility: Large Ballroom subdivides (over ** Dimmer Controls in Back of House locations
1500 sq ft) should have 2 sets of track lighting to increase

flexibility in customizing lighting settings to highlight
specific parts of the room. Consider installing two-circuit
tracks to allow even greater flexibility in activating indi- • Equip each subdivided space with fully dimmable
system.
vidual lights within a track.
Ballroom: Four scene (minimum) plus full on and off, • Locate recessed dimmer control station at public
entrance and service corridors.
preset / control station, remote controlled with black-out
capability. • Zone the lighting so that head table locations can
be individually controlled.
• Decorative chandeliers and sconces, incandescent,

cold cathode and track lighting are individually
controlled
Ballroom Lighting Control Locations Diagram
2 button wall control
4 button wall control

Lighting Plan of Typical Meeting Room
HID Down lights

•Ceramic Coated Metal Halide
or
•High Wattage Multi Compact
Fluorescent
Incandescent
•Tungsten Halogen
Fluorescent Cove
1
Wall Sconce
2 1 Lighting Cove
Chandelier
2 Track for Operable
Partition
Exhibit Hall:
1. Provide metal halide fixtures or 4 x 4 high output T5
lamps, zone switched
2. Wall sconces optional.
Space Min. Lux Switch Lighting Plan of Typical Exhibit Hall

(FC) Main-
tained
Exhibit
430 (40) S
Halls
Metal Halide or High Output T5

Energy Efficiency:
Lighting system energy consumption can not be ignored.
One way to maximize energy performance in
Unnecessary energy consumption can erode hotel profits, function spaces is to reduce operating hours and
may be limited by governmental authorities and, increas- optimize light output whenever the lights are
ingly, is a social and marketing concern. on. The below graphic illustrates how energy can
be saved and operating costs reduced.
However, simplistic efforts to conserve energy, such as re-
ducing lamp wattage (quantity of light) or switching lamp
>>
types (quality of light) may seriously degrade the quality of
the event environment.
Successful means to conserve energy without affecting the
quality of the event environment (or possibly improving it)
are as follows:
1. Photo sensors that reduce or eliminate artificial lighting
when daylight is available. Ideally, one time clock in
the building management system (BMS) controls all
zones rather than multiple systems that are difficult to
maintain.
2. Occupancy sensors / Time clock integration that
switch lights off when not in use.
3. Education that instructs employees how, where and
when to switch lights off when not in use.
4. Control that provides the appropriate level of zones,
scenes and dimming so that only the lighting and
energy that is required is used.
5. Lamp types that are selected for high lumen output
(quantity) with minimum energy that maintain the
correct color of light (quality).
Lighting Control: With proper lighting control, incandescent
lamp sources can still be considered in energy conscious
designs.
1. Dimming incandescent saves energy.
2. Dimming incandescent extends lamp life, reducing the
operational expenses related to re-lamping (material
and labor).
3. Incandescent lamps are low in cost.
4. Incandescent lamp sources maintain their efficiency in
>>
color and lumen output over the life of the lamp.

5. Incandescent lamps provide optimum color rendering
and ambiance for elegant environments. Sensors (shown above):
Incandescent Lamp Source Benefits -Photocells
-Occupancy sensors
Dim your lights Electricity saved Extend bulb life
10% 10% 2x
25% 20% 4x
50% 40% 20x Dimming incandescent lamps saves energy and
75% 60% >20x extends bulb life.

Energy Savings Chart
Energy Regulations & Incentive

The following references and authorities may either dic-
tate, encourage or provide reference standards to promote
energy conservation:
1. Regulations
• State Codes. Many states have energy codes requir-
ing efficient lighting and controls.
• Codes typically based on IECC model or ASHRAE
/ IESNA 90.1 standard.
2. Energy Law
• ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2001 Energy Efficiency
Standard regulates the amount of power allocated to
lighting.
• NECA / IESNA500 Series National Electrical
Installation Standards (NEIS)
3. Incentives
• AH & LA Good Earth Keeping Program. Supports
hoteliers in assessing current energy performance,
setting goals and tracking savings.
• EPA’s Energy Star Program. Marriott, an Energy Star
partner since 2001, has embarked on an ambitious,
company wide mission to improve the environment
and control costs in partnership with its hotel own-
ers and franchisees.
• As part of the program, all hotels receive the com-
pany’s Energy Conservation Program Resource
Guide.
• Hotel engineers and general managers have com-
pleted the company’s Energy Conservation Program
training.
• Government Tax Breaks. The government is provid-
ing funding in the form of tax deductions for install-
ing energy efficient commercial lighting systems.

4. LEED
• Provides a national guideline for what constitutes a
green building. The following are various methods
that can be used to acquire LEED points through
lighting and lighting controls:
• Dimming and switching.
• Personal lighting controls.
• Occupancy sensors.
• Automated window treatments.
Operational Procedures:
Light Maintenance: The full benefits of a lighting program
will only be realized if the lights and fixtures are properly
maintained. Fixtures must be cleaned and relamped with
the correct lamp type and wattage. The best results are
obtained when the program is managed as an element of a
comprehensive, preventative maintenance plan.
1. Marriott Energy Conservation Key Concepts
2. Public Area Lighting: Indicates the standards for
decorative lighting of public spaces.
3. Lighting and Dimming System Current Best Methods
15C.5 Power
A. Devices:
1. Receptacles: Commercial grade rated in all areas. Use
weatherproof device covers in exterior locations.
2. Switches: Commercial grade rated in all areas.
3. GFI Outlets: Provide GFCI receptacles as required by
code including, but not limited to, guest bathrooms,
pool areas, employee shower areas, outlets for portable
appliances in kitchen areas and exterior locations, and
any other locations near water.
4. Device Plates: Ivory or light finish for devices including
guestrooms except provide stainless steel plates (with
ground) for kitchen outlets.
B. Shunt-Trip: Provide automatic shunt-trip initiated by kitchen
hood and duct flow switch or control unit to shut off power
to cooking appliances and lighting under each exhaust
hood in fire condition. <10> <14> <15A>
C. Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS): Sealed units, usually
supplied with or included for critical operations systems
dedicated to <13> computer, communications, security,
etc. Provide required electrical circuits and outlets for local
connection of UPS units.

15C.6 Emergency Electrical Systems

A. Standards: NEC 70 / NFPA 70 and NFPA 110 <14>
B. General Requirements: Design and provide emergency
electrical systems for standby power to emergency power
and lighting.
1. Comply with applicable standards for design of
electrical circuits and equipment to automatically
supply, distribute and control electricity for illumination
and power when normal electrical supply or electrical
system is interrupted.
2. Provide emergency “backup” electrical power to
maintain property operation in the event of loss of
normal incoming electrical service.
3. Coordinate electrical service design with Module <14>
requirements and provide electrical power equipment
to meet the project design requirements for emergency
electrical systems.
C. Region Requirements:
1. In geographical areas with electrical service reliability
issues, provide prime generators with the capacity
to supply standby power for 100% of facility power
requirements.
2. Prior to beginning design, obtain and review with MI
a 2 year grid history showing number and duration of
outages.
D. Generators: Provide one or more units as follows:
1. Type: Diesel engine driven generator, rated to provide
for code required critical loads, standby, and backup
loads as determined by MI with synchronization of
automatic reset for main disconnects and automatic
transfer switches to activate generator upon loss of
normal incoming electrical service. Verify that location
of generator exhaust fumes and noise will not disrupt
occupied areas, public areas and guestrooms. Do not
locate near building intakes.
2. Generator Mounting: Comply with manufacturer’s
mounting requirements to eliminate vibration.
3. Cooling Generator: Do not use condenser or domestic
water systems.
4. Fuel Storage: Refer to Module <15A> for fuel oil storage
requirements.
5. Access: Locate and secure to limit access to authorized
personnel only.

E. Emergency Lighting: <14> Design and provide with a control

system having the capability to turn on selected lighting
to predetermined levels (without central or distributed
intelligence) for emergency egress within public spaces,
guestroom corridors, all other occupied areas such as back-
of-house, etc., and to exit access corridors, stairs and exit
discharge.
F. Emergency Power Source Distribution: Provide emergency
power source for the following:
1. Standby Power: <14> Electrical systems required by
governing code for and Module <14> fire protection
and life safety systems.
2. Backup Power: Electrical systems for loss prevention
and property operations.
3. Emergency Power Source: Provide applicable power
source equipment and devices such as generator and
battery pack for standby and backup power where
indicated in the table on the next page.

Standby Power to: <14> Backup Power to:
Food Production / Kitchen: Walk-in

Fire Pumps: Electric fire pump and freezers and refrigerators.
jockey pump. • Kitchen power outlets.
Building Automation System.
Smoke Control System: (including

panels), exhaust fans, kitchen Sewage plant, ejectors and sump pumps.
<10> exhaust fans, supply air fans
in exhaust mode, and stairwell
pressurization fans.
Domestic water plant.
Elevators: Minimum one service

Telephone, security, computer (PMS/
and one guest elevator serving all
PBS, P.O.S., Call Accounting, MARSHA
floors with power transferable to
Systems), etc.
selected elevator.
Elevator emergency return and

firemen’s service. Lighting (operational emergency):
Fire Alarm System.
• Porte Cochere
• Public toilets
• Telephone Equipment room
• Mechanical, electrical and

elevator rooms.
Lighting (emergency egress): • Near the Fire Alarm Control Panels.
• Exit signs (including from • Electronic fuel level indicators.
assembly spaces and direction to • Fire pump/sprinkler riser room.
exits). • Employees lockers and toilets.
• Egress paths and stairwells (in- • Spa / Exercise Room.
cluding ballrooms, meeting rooms, • Engineering / Maintenance Office.
restaurants, other public spaces, • Administrative Offices.
guestroom corridors, other occu- • PABX Room.
pied spaces such as back-of-house • Security Office.
areas, etc.). • Parking Garage.
• Exterior exit door discharge • Pool lighting.
• Public stairs and steps
• Central Control Station <14>
(Fire Command Room) in high-rise Critical Power: To permit basic hotel
building operations during loss of power, provide
several power outlets at the following:
• Porte Cochere
• Employee Dining
• Engineering
• Housekeeping
• Security

15C.7 Fire Alarm System <14>

A. Coordination: Review requirements of Module <14> - Fire
Protection and Life Safety for application criteria.
B. Type: Point addressable, multiplex type to allow for the
individual zoning required for activation of the smoke
control system and to allow for reprogramming as required,
with printer in the Central Control Station <14> (Fire
Command).
15C.8 Fire Command Room (Central Control Station)
A. High-Rise Buildings: <14> Provide at a location approved by
the fire department containing the following:
1. Fire Alarm System: Fire alarm system control and
annunciation panels
2. Communications Service Panels and Controls: Fire
department 2 way telephone communications service
panels and controls
3. Voice Fire Alarm System: Panels and controls
4. Smoke Exhaust: Smoke exhaust and stairwell
pressurization control panels and annunciators
5. Elevator Annunciators: Elevator floor location and
operation annunciators
6. Emergency Generator: Indicators for emergency
generator status
7. Stairway Door System: Controls for automatic stairway
door unlocking system
8. Fire Pump Indicators: Fire pump status indicators
9. Fire Department Phone: Telephone for fire department
use with controlled access to public telephone system
15C.9 Miscellaneous Electrical
A. Lightning Protection:
1. Provide for total building protection and installed as
required by governing code.
2. Comply with UL (Master Label), Zurich and governing
codes.
B. Aircraft Warning Lights: Comply with governing airport
authority.

C. Lighting Criteria Table 15C-1: The legend and general notes

are applicable to Table 15C-1 below.
Legend Notations
S = Locally switched
ML = Multi-level
T = Timer (time clock, photocell, BMS
P = People sensor
ND = Non-dimmed (controlled from panelboard)
* = Two level switched
** = Dimmer controls in Back-of-House (BOH) locations.

Lighting levels are measured 76 cm (30 inch) above finish floor. Gener-
ally, fluorescent lighting is limited to BOH areas.
15C.10 Commissioning
A. Requirements:
1. Adequate and reliable electrical service is a critical
component for guest satisfaction and is achieved through
the proper design, installation and commissioning of
electrical systems.
2. The primary purpose of commissioning is to obtain a
building whose service systems function, in all respects,
according to design intent and are able to maintain
adequate electrical service for staff and guests, producing
a high level of occupant satisfaction. To achieve this,
it is essential to implement a commissioning process
that tests, verifies, adjusts, calibrates and documents
the functional performance of the electrical systems
equipment outlined in this Module prior to occupancy.
Properly commissioned systems are set up to function at
maximum efficiency, minimizing energy consumption
and operating costs.
relationship with the electrical or prime contractor).
systems and include required equipment pre-start and
start-up checklists and verification checklists. Additional
documentation includes operating & maintenance manuals,
highlighted cut sheets, Record “As-Built” Documents and
warranties on all equipment.

15C.11 Table 15C-1 – Lighting Criteria

Lighting Type
Min. Lux
Module Watts/ Incand / Remarks: Provide the following
Space (FC) Main- Switch
No. SM (SF) Halo- Fluor equipment and fixtures:
tained
gen
Generally, applies to walks, driveways, park-
Site areas - ing lots, service areas, steps and ramps.
11 (1)
general Photocell and timeclock.
Typically, HID light sources.
Pathways 11 (1) T
Walkways 11 (1) T/**
Parking Lot 11 (1) T
1 Parking Building 54 (5) ND Vehicle traffic routes
Parking Bldg - general 11 (1) ND Minimum – general areas in building

Landscaping 22 (2) T Protected by GFI. Photocell and timeclock.
Flag Poles 54 (5) T Photocell and timeclock.
Building Exterior 215 (20) T/** Photocell and timeclock. HID light sources.
Or Entry Canopy; Photocell and timeclock.
Porte Cochere 161 (15) T X
Wall washing, sparkle or accent lighting.
Entry 43 (4) 161 (15) S/** X Same at Entry Canopy
4 scene preset remote dimmer with panel at
Entrance / Lobby 43 (4) 161 (15) S/** X
Front Desk.
Open Stair 310 (30) ND X Grand stairway and other heavy use stairs
Front Desk 310 (30) S/** X
2
Luggage Room 269 (25) S Halogen.
Public Toilets 22 (2) 215 (20) ND Halogen.
Vanities 22 (2) 310 (30) ND Halogen (above Toilet Room vanities).
430 (40) Provide varied lighting levels appropriate to
Business Center S X
161 (15) task - work areas vs. lounge area.
Low voltage and adjustable accent lighting
Restaurants 65 (6) 215 (20) S/** X may be used. Four scene preset dimmer.
Include control panel at Main Cashier.
Four scene preset dimmer. Include control
Lobby Lounge 54 (6) 161 (15) S/** X
panel at Beverage Bar.
3 Low voltage and adjustable accent lighting
Specialty may be used.
54 (5) 215 (20) S/** X
Restaurants Four scene preset dimmer. Include control
panel at Maitre’d Stand.
Halogen. Four scene preset dimmer with
Entertainment Lounge 54 (6) 215 (20) ML/**
panel at Bar.
Exercise Room 22 (2) 538 (50) S/** X Recessed fixtures. 10 fc in Entry Area
269/538 Provide individual dimmer controls in each

Spa 22 (2) S X
(25/50) Treatment Room.
4 151/538 Pool lamps min 500 W on GFI and emergency
Pool 32 (3) ND X
(15/50) power.
Outdoor Rec. 22 (2) ND Typically, HID light sources.

Indoor Rec. varies S/** X

Table 15C-1 – Lighting Criteria

Lighting Type
Min. Lux
Module Watts/ Incand / Remarks: Provide the following
Space (FC) Main- Switch
tained
gen
Halogen task lighting at cashier and wall
display areas.
5 Retail 22 (2) 377 (35) S/** X Track lights (75 W) accent lighting on
dimmers.
Cashier lighting on emergency power.
Utilize decorative as main source and incan-
Pre-function 32 (3) 161 (15) S/** X
descent as supplemental.
Coat Room 22 (2) 161 (15) S X Wall box dimmer.
21-32
Banquet Storage 161 (15) S X Recessed fixtures.
(2-3)
Low brightness fixtures with 45 degree angle
shielding.
Halogen and metal halide.
Each subdivided space, equip with fully
dimmable system.
6 65-68 269/430 Locate recessed dimmer control station at
Ballrooms S/** X
(6-8) (25/40) public entrance and service doors.
Provide individually controlled head table
light.
Decorative chandeliers and sconces,
incandescent, cold cathode and track lighting
is individually controlled.
65-86 269/430
Meeting Rooms S/** X and Halogen.
(6-8) (25/40)
65-86 269/430
Conference Rooms S/** X and Halogen.
(6-8) (25/40)
See Module Lighting provided by table, floor and wall

Guestrooms 22 (2) S X
<7A> fixture lamps.
Type as shown in <7A> in bath, toilet, over or
7A next to tub and shower. Base on room size,
Guestroom Bath 323 (30) S X
provide decorative fixture at center of room or
cove lighting.
Bath Vanity 431 (40) S Halogen at vanity, side wall sconces.
Halogen at guestroom door downlights and
Guest Corridors 108 (10) S/**
wall sconces.
Guest Elevator Lobbies 108 (10) ND X Decorative halogen and wall sconces.
Service Elevator
108 (10) ND X Single 32 W, 1.5 m (4 ft.); vandal proof tube.
Lobbies
7B
Ice Dispenser 108 (10) * X Consistent with corridors and elevator lobbies.
Housekeeping / Linen 22 (2) 377 (35) S X X Recessed fluorescent
Valet Closet 323 (30) S X X

65-86
Exit Stairs 215 (20) ND X Single 32 W, 1.5 m (4 ft.) vandal proof tube.
(6-8)
Fluorescent only in pantry.
7C Concierge Lounge 22 (2) 161 (15) S X
Lighting provided by table lamps.

Table 15C-1 – Lighting Criteria

Lighting Type
Min. Lux
Module Watts/ Remarks: Provide the following
Space (FC) Main- Switch Incand /
tained
gen
Primarily fluorescent lighting; design by
Admin Offices & Work
431 (40) S X X design team engineer and coordinate with
Spaces
architect.
Design by design team engineer and coordi-
8 Circulation - Corridors 108 (10) S X X
nate with architect.
Includes Employee lockers, toilet rooms
323 (35) S/* X X and cafeteria. Primarily fluorescent lighting
Employee Facilities
designed by design team engineer and
coordinated with architect.
Engineer -
22 (2) 377 (35) S X X Same as above.
Maintenance
Over Benches 22 (2) 548 (50) S X
9 Service Areas 431 (40) T X X

Receiving 431 (40) *
Food Production 22 (2) 377 (35) S X X Same as above.
Dry Storage 65-86
215 (20) S X
(6-8)
Refrigerated 65-86
215 (20) S X X
Storage (6-8)
10 65-86 See Module <10> for local, dual level
General Storage 215 (20) S X
(6-8) switching, lighting levels and motion sensors
Kitchen 548 (50) S X
Primarily fluorescent lighting designed by

Laundry 22 (2) 377 (35) S X X design team engineer and coordinated with
architect.
Washing 22 (2) 377 (35) S X
Same for general lighting of Housekeeping
Housekeeping 22 (2) 377 (35) S X X
11 and Laundry areas
Ironing 536 (50) S X X
Pressing 536 (50) S X X
Inspection 536 (50) S X X
Sewing 644 (60) S X
Linen Strg. 22 (2) 377 (35) S X X
12 Elevators 108 (10) ND X
15 MEP – Utility Areas 22 (2) 377 (35) S X X
For other spaces not identified above, provide 536 lux (50 fc) minimum.

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Module

15A.2 Building Cooling/Heating Load Calculations 2

15A.3 HVAC System Requirements 3

15A.4 Central Cooling Plant 5

15A.5 Central Heating Plant 9

15A.6 Piping Systems 11

15A.7 Air Side Systems 14

15A.8 Duct work 21

15A.9 Smoke Exhaust Systems <14> 23

15A.10 Fuel Oil System 26

15A.11 Building Commissioning 26

15A.12 Building Automation System (BAS) 27

A Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

15A.1 General Requirements

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 1

E. Environmental Requirements: Design and select equipment

2 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

15A.3 HVAC System Requirements

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 3

2. Evaluate each of the following alternates with MI

4. Select cooling towers to maintain sound level of 45 dB

4 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

15A.4 Central Cooling Plant

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 5

8. Chiller System Heat Recovery: In projects where there is

6 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 7

D. Pumps for Chilled Water System:

8 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

15A.5 Central Heating Plant

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 9

c. Redundancy: Based on geographic location and

10 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 11

3. Galvanized pipe may not be used for HVAC systems.

12 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 13

I. Equipment Connections: Provide connections at the following

14 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 15

5. Freeze Stats: Utilize freeze stats to protect coils from

16 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 17

4. Smoke Exhaust Mode: During smoke exhaust mode,

18 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 19

2. Guestroom Tower: Provide exhaust in Service Elevator

20 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

3. Kitchen Hood Exhaust Fans <10>: High velocity

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 21

3. Provide corrosion resistant coating on all exterior

22 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 23

6. Obtain MI Engineering approval for entire smoke

24 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 25

G. Supply Duct Smoke Detectors:

26 Mechanical Systems | January 2009 Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc.

Design Standards © Marriott International, Inc. January 2009 | Mechanical Systems 27