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!>2(0&2#2(02&*%/!A Political and Cultural History of India, Vol. I, Ancient India,!>5R&+12#2(02#!E%&)2(*!
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! 8#2&':(0:5!R5/!Op.cit.,!$5J @!2#7!!Viduthalai,!P0*##2&/!HH5HB5HT@ !
YHA
! Viduthalai,!Q27%2+/!BA5BV5HTUH5!
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!Ibid.!
YHT
Ibid.,!JV5BU5HTUV5!
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Ibid5/!BY5B@5HTUH5!
YJH
Ibid.!
YJJ
Ibid.,!H@5BA5HTUH5!
TA!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Viduthalai/!Q27%2+/!HB5BT5HTUA5!
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!]*=27**+2#/!E5/!The Tamils and the Self-Respect Marriages!&#!I2=2%2<2#/!>5/!^*75/_!Prof.T.K,. Venkatraman’s
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YJA
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YJ
!8#2&':(0:/R5/!Op.cit.,!$$5VTYMVTA5!
YJT
!>2%2+12(0&/!>5/!Minorities in Madras State/!!"'$*9!"#7&2/!I*1!F*40&/!HTA@/!$5HBB5!
YVB
Viduthalai,!P0*##2&/!HB5BA5HTUV5!
YVH
Kudi Arasu, Erode, February 5, 1944.!
TT!
!
;2%%&*%+CYVJ5! It includes all types of marriages like inter-caste marriage and intra-caste

marriage, widow re-marriage, adult-marriage and love marriage and arranged marriageYVV5!

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2#7! '2%%&2=*! ;*-,'*+! '*2#&#=4*++Y@B5! Periyar #2'*7! (0&+! %*3,%'*7! '2%%&2=*! Tamil

Marriage, Thanmana Tamil Marriage, Rational Marriage, Ilvazhkai Oppandam, Vazhkai

Thunai Erpu Vizha, Illara Thuvakka Vizha, Prohita-Maruppu Mana Vizha5415!

!
@/:2(&/0./J7'+344536/'3635807'0<./40757518'
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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!]*=27**+2#/!E5/!Op.cit., p.268.!
YVV
!P02#7%2!62;:/!65>5/!Social Protest in Tamil Nadu/!N'*%247!E:;4&+0*%+/!Q27%2+/!HTTV/!$5T@5!
YV@
Viduthalai/!Q27%2+/!JV5BU5HTUJ5!
YVY
Ibid.,!HA5BU5HTUT5!
YVU
Viduthalai,!Q27%2+/!BA5BV5HTUH5!
YVA
Ibid.,!J@5HH5HTY 5!
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!R**%2'2#&/!K5/!Op.cit.,!$5@@5!
YVT
!8#2&':(0:/R5/!Op.cit.,!$$5HH MHHT5!
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Ibid.!
Y@H
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!
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*+-2$*+! 2--:+&(&,#! ;.! -42&'&#=! (02(! 0*! #*)*%! '2%%&*7! (0*! =&%4! ,%! (02(! 0*! ,#4.! 027! 0*%! 2+! 2!

-,#-:;&#*5!?0*!%*42(&)*+!10,!2((*#7*7!(0*!'2%%&2=*!2%*!',%*!4&L*4.!(,!+&7*!1&(0!(0*!;,.5!6:(/!

&#!%*=&+(*%*7!'2%%%&2=*+/!(0*!%*-,%7!*9&+(+!+,!4,#=!2+!(0*!G,)*%#'*#(!*9&+(+Y@A5!

! "3!(0*!32'&4&*+!,3!(0*!'2%%&2=*!$2%(&*+!1&+0!(,!&#3,%'!(0*&%!%*42(&)*+/!(0*.!-,:47!7,!

+,!;.!$:;4&+0&#=!&(!(0%,:=0!#*1+!$2$*%!23(*%!%*=&+(*%&#=!(0*!'2%%&2=*5!d*=&+(*%!Q2%%&2=*+!24+,!

$%*)*#(! (0*! '2#! 3%,'! '2%%.&#=! 2=2&#5! ?0*! *9:;*%2#(! +$*#7&#=! ,3! ',#*.! &#)*+(*7! &#!

'2%%&2=*+!-,:47!24(*%#2(*4.!;*!&#)*+(*7!&#!;2#L+!&#!(0*!#2'*!,3!(0*!;%&7*!(,!0*4$!0*%!#:%(:%*!

(0*!-0&47%*#!2#7!*7:-2(*!(0*'Y@ 5!!Periyar!+(2(*7!(02(!(0*%*!12+!#,!%*42(&,#!;*(1**#!(0*!1,%7+!

*3LA935' M..38C3>! 2#7! K388593CA383>! 2#7! *5;393>5! ?0*! '*2#&#=! c-,'$2#&,#C! 12+!

#,(! 3,:#7! &#! ,(0*%! (1,! 1,%7+Y@T5! 6,(0! ,3! (0*'! +0,:47! +02%*! 2#7! 0*4$! *2-0! ,(0*%! 2#7! #,#*!

+0,:47!*#<,.!',%*!-,'3,%(!(02#!(0*!,(0*%YYB5!!

?0*%*! &+! #,! $,++&;&4&(.! ,3! 7&)&#*! &#(*%3*%*#-*! &#! '2%%&2=*5! D*! 7&7! #,(! 2=%**! (02(!

'2%%&2=*! 24,#*! &+! %*42(*7! (,! 7&)&#&(.! 10*%*2+! ,(0*%! '2(*%&24+! 4&L*! 0,:+*/! 1*24(0/! 7%*++! 2#7!

,%#2'*#(+!2%*!-,#-*%#*7!1&(0!0:'2#&(.5!!

"#!(0*!R*7&-!3,%'!,3!'2%%&2=*!;,(0!(0*!;%&7*!2#7!;%&7*=%,,'!7&7!#,(!L#,1!2;,:(!*2-0!

,(0*%!;*3,%*!2#7!*)*#!23(*%!(1,!,%!(0%**!.*2%+!,3!'2%%&2=*5!>0*!12+!#,(!244,1*7!(,!02)*!0*%!

,1#!&#7&)&7:24!3**4&#=!2#7!7*+&%*+5!Periyar!27)&+*7!1,'*#3,4L!(,!-02#=*!(0*&%!2((&(:7*!+,!2+!

(,!=*(!4&;*%(.!2#7!&#7&)&7:24&(.YYH5!

"#!2!-,#(%2-(!3,%!-,'$2#&,#!,3!4&3*/!2!'2#!2#7!2!1,'2#!+0,:47!(0&#L!,)*%!(0*&%!,1#!

b:24&3&-2(&,#/!-02%2-(*%+!-,#3,%'&#=!(,!*2-0!,(0*%!2#7!-,M,%7&#2(&#=!(0*&%!'&#7!(,!4*27!2!<,&#(!

4&3*5!?0*!$:%$,+*!,3!-0,,+&#=!-,'$2#&,#!3,%!4&3*!&+!(02(!(0*!-,'$2#&,#+!+0,:47!4&)*!(,=*(0*%!

(&44!(0*&%!7*2(05!?0*.!+0,:47!-,M,$*%2(*!1&(0!*2-0!,(0*%/!*)*#!23(*%!(0*!*9$&%.!,3!(0*&%!4:+(!2#7!

$2++&,#! 24(,=*(0*%/! (,! *#<,.! (0*! 4&3*! 1&(0! $4*2+:%*/! +2(&+32-(&,#! 2#7! (,! *2%#! =,,7! #2'*! 2#7!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Y@A
Kudi Arasu/!N%,7*/!HB5BT5HTVV5!
Y@
Ibid.!
Y@T
Viduthalai/!Q27%2+/!HT5BT5HT@T5!
YYB
Kudi Arasu,!N%,7*/!JH5BU5HTVH5!
YYH
Ibid.,!JH5BU5HTVH5!
HBJ!
!
27'&%2(&,#! &#! (0*! +,-&*(.5! D*! b:*+(&,#*7f! O,:47! 4,)*! '2%%&2=*/! ;4&#7! 4,)*/! 0*4$! (0*'! (,!

2((2&#!+:-0!4&3*gYYJ!

D*!24+,!+(%*++*7!(02(!(0*!$2%*#(+!027!#,!%&=0(!(,!&#(*%3*%*!&#!(0*!+*4*-(&,#!,3!$2%(#*%!3,%!

(0*&%!72:=0(*%!7:%&#=!'2%%&2=*5!!6,(0!(0*!;%&7*!2#7!;%&7*=%,,'!1*%*!#,(!&##,-*#(5!?0*.!1*%*!

1&+*! 2#7! '2(:%*! *#,:=0! (,! +*4*-(! (0*&%! $2%(#*%! %*+$,#+&;4.5! "(! 12+! :#32&%! ,#! (0*! $2%(! ,3! (0*!

*47*%+! ,3! (0*! 32'&4.! (,! 7,'&#2(*! 2#7! +*4*-(! 0*%`0&+! $2%(#*%5! ?0*.! +0,:47! 4*2)*! (0*!

%*+$,#+&;&4&(&*+!(,!(0*!;%&7*!2#7!(0*!;%&7*=%,,'5!"3!&(!02$$*#*7!1&(0,:(!(0*!L#,14*7=*!,3!(0*!

$2%*#(+/!(0*.!':+(!;*!02$$.!,)*%!&(!23(*%!L#,1&#=!(0*!&#3,%'2(&,#!2#7!(0&+!12+!2=%**2;4*!(,!

(0*!',7*%#!1,%47!;*-2:+*!&(!&+!4&;*%24/!%2(&,#24!2#7!1&+*YYV5!!

8+!2!%*+:4(!,3!(0*!+$%*27!,3!8%.2#!-:4(:%*/!+42)*%.!12+!*+(2;4&+0*7!&#!?2'&4!I27:5!"(!

%*4*=2(*+!(0*!?2'&4&2#+!&#(,!2!7*=%27*7!4&3*!2#7!3,%-*7!(0*!F%2)&7&2#+!&#(,!'2#.!(%,:;4*+!2#7!

+:33*%&#=+! &#! (0*! #2'*! ,3! +,-&,M%*4&=&,:+! 2#7! 4*=24! '2((*%+5! "(! 12+! )*%.! *++*#(&24/! 2(! (0&+!

<:#-(:%*/! (,! %*',)*! 244! (0*! 2#-&*#(! +.+(*'! 2#7! (,! *#<,.! (0*! 3%:&(! ,3! #*1! -02#=*+! (02(! 1*%*!

&#(%,7:-*75!

!
Periyar')C/1:165/0'18' 18J/.7'12'Thali'

! $A3:5!&+!+2&7!(,!;*!2!*/:5!^2!;2%%&*%_5!!

Periyar/!2!%2(&,#24&+(/!%*=2%7*7!Thali!,%!Mangalyam/!(0*!,%#2'*#(!(&*7!%,:#7!(0*!#*-L!

,3! 2! ;%&7*! 7:%&#=! 0*%! '2%%&2=*/!2+!2!dreadful symbol of slaveryYY@5! ?.&#=! ,3!thali!12+!#,(!2!

+.+(*'!,3!?2'&4!;:(!,3!D&#7:+5!?0%,:=0!(0&+!(%&#L*(/!'2#!+:;<:=2(*7!1,'2#!;.!(%*2(&#=!0*%!

2+!2!+42)*!&#+(*27!,3!2!-,'$2#&,#!(0%,:=0!,:(!0&+!4&3*5!?0*!TTi!,3!'*#3,4L!;2((*%!1,'*#!;.!

*+(2;4&+0&#=! thali 2+! 2! +.';,4! ,3! %*4&=&,#! 2#7! 7&)&#&(.! ;:(! :4(&'2(*4.! 2! +42)*5! O0*#!

b:*+(&,#*7/! (0*! *9$42#2(&,#! 12+! (02(! (024&! 12+! *++*#(&24! 3,%! 2! 1,'2#! (,! &7*#(&3.! 0*%+*43! 2+!

'2%%&*75! E*%&.2%! b:*+(&,#*7f! ?0*#/! 10.! 12+#C(! 2! '2#! $:(! (0%,:=0! (0*! +2'*! $%,-*++g! O0.!

12+#C(! 2! thali! (&*7! (,! 0&'! (,! &7*#(&3.! 0&'/! '2%%&*7g! Thali! $%,)&7*7! (0*! '*2#+! 3,%! 2! '2#! (,!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YYJ
Viduthalai,!Q27%2+/!BV5BY5HT@V5!
YYV
Ibid.,!HT5BT5HT@Te!R**%2'2#&/!K5/!Op.cit.,!!$5HBV5!
YY@
The Modern Rationalist/!Q27%2+/!>*$(*';*%/!HT @/!R,45!j"""/!$5!T5!
HBV!
!
(%*2(!0&+!1&3*!2+!2!+42)*!2#7!(,!2((*#7!(,!244!0&+!$*%+,#24!1,%LYYY5!Thali!&+!(0*!213:4!+.';,4!,3!

2! 1,'2#! 4,+&#=0&+! 0:'2#&+'! 2#7! @/:2(&/0./J7YYU5! D*#-*/! (,! +(,$! (0&+! +.+(*'! ,3! :#32&%!

<:+(&-*! 3,%! ,#*+*9!^xU Fyj;Jf;nfhU ePjp) Periyar!27),-2(*7!Self-Respect!Q2%%&2=*! 10&-0!

7*#&*7!thali!3,%!*+(2;4&+0&#=!!*b:24&(.;*(1**#!-,:$4*+YYA5!

!
!1410J1./'

! Periyar/! 2! %2(&,#24&+(! 2#7! 2! +,-&24! +-&*#(&+(/! b:*+(&,#*7f! (0*! +.+(*'! ,3! 3&#7&#=! (0*!

'2(-0!;.!0,%,+-,$*!;*(1**#!2!'2#!2#7!2!1,'2#!(,!3&9!'2%%&2=*5!F,*+#C(!2+(%,4,=.!'2L*!2!

3,,4!,:(!,3!'2#g!"+!&(!#,(!2;+:%7!(,!$%*+-%&;*!2!day, star, lakhna 3,%!2!'2%%&2=*g!"+!(0*%*!2#.!

Raghu and Khedhu!3,%!2*%,#2:(&-+!(,!)&+&(!+$2-*!10&-0!&+!HY!,%!JB!42L0+!,3!'&4*!212.!3%,'!

(0*! N2%(05! E*,$4*! 2%*! $*%+:27*7! (,! ;*-,'*! '27! ;.! 3,44,1&#=! ;4&#7! %&(:24+! 7&-(2(*7! ;.! (0*!

6%20'&#+!&#!'2%%&2=*YY 5!

E*%&.2%! *9$42&#*7! (02(! (0*! 6%20'&#+! &#(%,7:-*7! 244! (0*+*! %&(:24+! <:+(! (,! '2&#(2&#! (0*!

$:%&(.!,3!-2+(*!+.+(*'5!6:(!(0*!b:&#(*++*#-*!,3!'2%%&2=*!&+!<:+(!(,!*9-02#=*!(0*!=2%42#7+YYT5!

>&#-*!Periyar!12#(*7!(,!*4&'&#2(*!7&+-%&'&#2(&,#!;2+*7!,#!;&%(0/!0*!27),-2(*7!*4&'&#2(&,#!,3!

6%20'&#!$%&*+(+!&#!@/:2(&/0./J7!Q2%%&2=*5!?0*!+:;<:=2(&,#!,3!1,'*#!&#!(%27&(&,#24!'2%%&2=*!

12+! 0&77*#! ;.! $*%3,%'&#=! 7&33*%*#(! %&(*+! 2#7! %&(:24+YUB5! ?,!Periyar/! '2%%&2=*! 7,*+! #,(! 02)*!

2#.! 3,%'! ,3! 7&)&#&(.5! Periyar! +2&7! 1,'*#! 2%*! ',%*! *33&-&*#(! (02#! '*#5! 6:(/! (0*! '2%%&2=*!

+.+(*'!7*=%27*7!2#7!*#+42)*7!1,'*#5!>,/!1,'*#!+0,:47!*b:&$!(0*'+*4)*+!,#!$2%!1&(0!'*#!

(,! -0,,+*! (0*&%! ,1#! 4&3*YUH5! ! >&#-*! '2%%&2=*! &+! (0*! %,,(! -2:+*! ,3! 244! $%,;4*'+! ,3! 1,'*#/!

Periyar1*#(!(,!(0*!*9(*#(!,3!+2.&#=!&#!'2#.!$42(3,%'+!(02(!the institution of marriage should

be abolishedYUJ!,%!&(!+0,:47!;*!(%*2(*7!2+!2!-%&'*5!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YYY
Ibid.!
YYU
!R**%2'2#&/!K5/!Op.cit.,!$5H !2#7!+**!24+,!Kudi Arasu/!N%,7*/!HH5BY5HTVB5!
YYA
Ibid5!$5@@!
YY
Viduthalai,!Q27%2+/!JV5BU5HTUJ5!
YYT
Viduthala&/!Q27%2+/!JA5BA5HTY !2#7!+**!24+,!R**%2'2#&/!5K5/Op.cit.,!R,45!U/!$5H U5!
YUB
!?02#(02&!Periyar/!Why are Women enslavedg!E>dE"/!P0*##2&/!HTTJ/!!!$5VJ5!
YUH
!R**%2'2#2&/!K5/!Op.cit.,!R,45!"R/!$5AJ5!
YUJ
The Modern Rationalist/!]:4./!HTA@/!R,45!"""5!
HB@!
!
 Periyar’s!&7*2+!,3!'2%%&2=*!;*(1**#!2!'2(:%*7!;,.!2#7!=&%4/!+&'$4*!2#7!:#%&(:24&+(&-!

'2%%&2=*+/! :#,+(*#(2(&,:+! 2#7! &#*9$*#+&)*! 2#7! 2),&7&#=! (24&! '2%%&2=*+/! #,#M$2.'*#(! ,3!

7,1%.!'2%%&2=*+/!2#7!&#(*%M-2+(*!'2%%&2=*+!1*%*!,$$,+*7!;.!(0*!,%(0,7,9!;%20'&#!2#7!#,#M

;%20'&#! 0&=0! -2+(*! 32'&4./! 10,! +0,1*7! (0*&%! ,$$,+&(&,#! (,! PeriyarC+! &7*2+! (0%,:=0! 3&4'+/!

10&-0!1*%*!(0*#!:#7*%!(0*&%!0*=*',#.5!>,'*!3&4'!+,#=+!+(2#7!(*+(&',#.!(,!*#2;4*!'2%%&*7!

1,'*#! +42)*+! ,3! (0*&%! 0:+;2#7+! 2(! (0*! -0&47! 4*)*45! S,%! &#+(2#-*/! 8! +,#=! +:#=! ;.! K565!

>:#72%2';24! &#! (0*! 3&4'! ";;35-34f! nghWiknaDk; eifazpe;Jk/! 2#7! 2#,(0*%! +:#=! ;.!

85Q5d2<2!&#!+50053>>3f! gofj;njhpaNtZk; ngz!fs!! kl*(!,#*!',%*!+,#=!&#!(0*!3&4'!Panai

Pidithaval Bakkiasali?' NOPQ?' 1%&((*#! ;.! L2)&=#2%! ?5K5>:#72%2! R2(0&2%/! +:#=! ;.! ?%&-0.!

\,L2#2(02#/!*'$02+&X*+!(0*!+*)&(:7*!,3!1,'2#!&5*5!!

GUrd!tl
P b
; y; thog;NghFk; nghz!Nz jq;fr;rp fz!Nz - rpy

Gj;jpkjpfs! nrhy;YNwd! NfS Kd!Nd jq;fr;rp fz!Nz - rpy

Gj;jpkjpfs! nrhy;YNwd! NfS Kd!Nd

murd! tPl;Lg; nghz!zhf ,Ue;jhYk; - mk;kh

mfe;ij nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd!dhSk;

khkdhiu khkpahiu kjpf;fDk; - cd;id

khiyapl;l fztidNa Jjpf;fDk;

rhkf;Nfhop $tapNy Kopf;fDk; - Fspr;rp

rhzk; njspr;rp Nfhyk; Nghl;L

rikay; Ntiy Jtf;fDk; (GUrd!)

fz!zhy; NgRk; gaf Kd!Nd epy;yhNj - eP

fhzhjij fz!NlDd!D nrhy;yhNj - ,e;j

mz!Nzd! nrhy;Yk; mKjthh;j;ij js!shNj - ek;k

mg;Ngd! ghl;ld! Ngiuf; nfLj;Jf; nfhs;shNj (GUrd!)

GUrd! capiu kPl;Lj; je;jt nghz!Zjhd! - XLk;

nghOij mq;Nf epy;Yd!D nrhd!dt nghz!Z jhd!

murd! eLq;f ePjp nrhd!dt nghz!Zjhd! - mtq;f

M];jp fzf;F nrhd!dh fw;G xz!Z jhd! (GUrd!)

jhyp fl;lg; NghifapNy jha;jfg;gd!,y;Nyd!D

HBY!
!
 rQ;ryg;glhNj mk;kh jq;fr;rp

jhiu thh;f;f ehdpUf;Nfd! - rPh;nfhLf;f ehdpUf;Nfd!

jhiag;; Nghy ehdpUf;Nfd! -jq;fr;rp

GUrd; $l ePapUe;J

G+Tk; kzKk; Nghy; kfpo;e;J

$ur; NriyAk; jhypAk; kQ;rSk;

Fq;Fk nghl;Lk; eifAk; el;Lk;

nfhwQ;rplhnk newQ;rpl;L

kf;fisg; ngj;J kidiag; ngj;J

kf;f taj;Jny gps;isf ngj;J

Ngud! taj;Jny gps;isf ngj;J

Nehapy;yhnk nehb apy;yhnk

E}W taR thog; Nghw jq;fr;rp

ekf;F rhkp JizapUf;F jq;fr;rp

ekf;F rhkp JizapUf;F

ekf;F rhkp JizapUf;F jq;fr;rp !

' F*+$&(*! (0*! %*(24&2(,%.! +(*$+/! (0*! $:;4&-! 12+! ':-0! &#32),:%! ,3! self-respect

marriages! ,#! (0*! ,#*! 02#7! 2#7(0*! +(*$+! 3,%! $2++&#=! (0*! >*43Md*+$*-(! Q2%%&2=*! \*=&+42(&,#!

1*%*!(2L*#!,#!(0*!,(0*%!02#75!

!
!50714-'12'@/:2(&/0./J7'+344536/'H/650:375180'

' F:*! (,! (0*! +(%*#:,:+! 1,%L! ,3! PeriyarC+! Self-Respect Movement/! $*,$4*! 7&7! Self-

Respect Marriages!&#!42%=*!#:';*%+!%*=2%74*++!,3!(0*!*#2-('*#(!,3!4215!!S,%!&#+(2#-*/!#*2%4.!

BBB!Self-Respect Marriages!1*%*!$*%3,%'*7!3%,'!HTJT!(,!HTVJYUV5!Self-Respect Marriages!

027! ;**#! $%2-(&+*7! &#! ?2'&4! I27:! 3,%! (0*! $2+(! JY! .*2%+! :#7*%! (0*! 2:+$&-*+! ,3! (0*! Purohit

Maruppu Sangam5! ^S,%! 7*(2&4+! +**! 24+,! E42(*! I,5U_! >&#-*! &(! 12+! -*4*;%2(*7! &#! 2! 3,%'! #,(!

$%*+-%&;*7! ;.! D&#7:! d*4&=&,#/! (0*! Q27%2+! D&=0! P,:%(! 7*-42%*7! (0*! Self-Respect Marriage!

&#)24&7!,#!JU5B 5HTYV!&#!(0*!-2+*!,3!$2%(&(&,#!+:&(!;*(1**#!P0&72';2%2'!2#7!0&+!72:=0(*%M&#M

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YUV
!F&#2'2#&/!Pongal Malar/!P0*##2&/!HTTU/!$5!JBY5!
HBU!
!
421!F*&)2#2&!8-0&YU@5!R2%&,:+!;&44+!1*%*!&#(%,7:-*7!3%,'!HTY@!(,!HTYTYUY!(,!)24&72(*!(0*!self

–Respect Marriages! 2#7! (,! 4*=&(&'&X*! (0*! -0&47%*#! 10,! 1*%*! ;,%#! ,:(! ,3! Self-Respect

Marriage.! 6:(! (0*! ;&44+! 7&7! #,(! $%,)&7*! %*(%,+$*-(&)*! *33*-(! 10&4*! &'$,+&#=! (0*! -,'$:4+,%.!

%*=&+(%2(&,#!,3!+:-0!'2%%&2=*+5! !

O0*#!(0*!FQK!E2%(.!3,%'*7!(0*!Q&#&+(%.!:#7*%!(0*!4*27*%+0&$!,3!P5I58##27:%2&!&#!

HTUA/!&(!(,,L!-2%*3:4!'*2+:%*+!&#!7%23(&#=!@/:2(&/0./J7'+344536/'G5::!10&-0!+0,:47!#,(!=&)*!

2#.!4,,$!0,4*+!3,%!&(+!7*3*2(!;*3,%*!(0*!-,:%(!,3!4215!6*3,%*!&#(%,7:-&#=!(0*!7%23(!&#!(0*!>(2(*!

\*=&+42(&)*!8++*';4./!&(!12+!+*#(!(,!(0*!D&=0!P,:%(!]:7=*+!2#7!(0*!4*=24!*9$*%(+!+*-%*(4.!(%&*7!

(,! *4&'&#2(*! 4*=24! 3421! &#! &(+! $%,)&+&,#+! ,#! (0*! 27)&-*! ,3! Periyar5! S&#244./! (0*! 7%23(! 12+!

-0*-L*7! ;.! Periyar! 10&4*! 0*! 12+! &#! (0*! 0,+$&(245! He made a suggestion for replacing the

word And tying of thali with or tying of thaliYUU5!O0*#!(0*!@<-3>345-37A35!'2%%&2=*!;&44!12+!

&#(%,7:-*7! &#! (0*! 2++*';4./! (0*%*! 12+! #,! ,$$,+&(&,#! 2#7! (0*! ;&44! 12+! :#2#&',:+4.! $2++*75!

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