Cloud Computing

CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is a model to provide the customers on-demand, utility

based computing services. Cloud users can provide more reliable,
available and updated services to their clients in turn. Cloud itself
consists of physical machines in the data centers of cloud providers.
Virtualization is provided on top of these physical machines. These
virtual machines are provided to the cloud users. Different cloud
providers provides cloud services of different abstraction level. E.g.
Amazon EC2 enables the users to handle very low level details where
Google App-Engine provides a development platform for the developers
to develop their applications. So the cloud services are divided into
many types like Software as a Service, Platform as a Service or
Infrastructure as a Service. These services are available over the
Internet in the whole world where the cloud acts as the single point of
access for serving all customers. Cloud computing architecture
addresses difficulties of large scale data processing.
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system

resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct
active management by the user. The term is generally used to
describe data centers available to many users over the Internet. Large
clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over
multiple locations from central servers. If the connection to the user is
relatively close, it may be designated an edge server.
"Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.
The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the
cloud drawing used in the past to represent the telephone network, and
later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams as an
abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents. Most cloud
computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through
common centers and built on servers. Clouds often appear as single
points of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings
are generally expected to meet quality of service (QoS) requirements of
customers, and typically include service level agreements (SLAs)
Types of Cloud:
1. Private Cloud – This type of cloud is maintained within an

organization and used solely for their internal purpose. So the utility
model is not a big term in this scenario. Many companies are moving
towards this setting and experts consider this is the 1st step for an
organization to move into cloud. Security, network bandwidth are not
critical issues for private cloud.
2. Public Cloud – In this type an organization rents cloud services from

cloud providers on-demand basis. Services provided to the users using
utility computing model.
3. Hybrid Cloud – This type of cloud is composed of multiple internal or

external cloud. This is the scenario when an organization moves to
public cloud computing domain from its internal private cloud.
Advantages of using Cloud:
The advantages for using cloud services can be of technical,

architectural, business.
(a) Companies having large data centers have already deployed the
resources and to provide cloud services they would need very little
investment and the cost would be incremental.
(b) Cloud users need not to take care about the hardware and software
they use and also they don’t have to be worried about maintenance. The
users are no longer tied to some one traditional system.
(c) Virtualization technology gives the illusion to the users that they are
having all the resources available.
(d) Cloud users can use the resources on demand basis and pay as much
as they use. So the users can plan well for reducing their usage to
minimize their expenditure.
(e) Scalability is one of the major advantages to cloud users. Users get as
much resources as they need.
Cloud computing services

Amazon EC2 and S3 Services are one of the biggest organizations to
provide Infrastructure as a Service. They provide the computer
architecture with XEN virtual machine. Amazon EC2 is one of the biggest
deployment of XEN architecture to date. The clients can install their
suitable operating system on the virtual machine. EC2 uses Simple
Storage Service (S3) for storage of data. Users can hire suitable amount
CPU power, storage, and memory without any upfront commitment.
Users can control the entire software stack from kernel upwards. The
Cloud Computing architecture has two components one is the EC2 for
computing purposes and S3 is for storage purposes .
Google App-Engine is a platform for developing web applications in

Google’s architecture. This provides Platform as a Service to the cloud
users. In 2008 Google App-Engine was first released as beta version.
Languages supported by Google App-Engine are python, java and any
extension of JVM languages. AppEngine requires developers to use only
languages which are supported by it and this is also applied with APIs
and frameworks. Now Google App-Engine allows storing and retrieving
data from a BigTable non-relational database. AppEngine applications
are expected to be request-reply based. Google Appengine provides
automatic scalability, persistent data storage service. Data store features
a query engine and transaction capabilities. These applications are easy
to scale as traffic and data storage need to grow so the cloud user doesn’t
have to worry about the spikes in the traffic or data. These applications
are generally suitable for social networking start-ups, event-based
websites catering to seasonal 15 Cloud Computing events or institutions
(schools, colleges, universities, government agencies) etc .
Disadvantage or Limitations
"The downside is that you will have limited customization options. Cloud
computing is cheaper because of economics of scale, and—like any
outsourced task—you tend to get what you want. A restaurant with a
limited menu is cheaper than a personal chef who can cook anything you
want. Fewer options at a much cheaper price: it's a feature, not a bug."
He also suggests that "the cloud provider might not meet your legal
needs" and that businesses need to weigh the benefits of cloud
computing against the risks. In cloud computing, the control of the back
end infrastructure is limited to the cloud vendor only. Cloud providers
often decide on the management policies, which moderates what the
cloud users are able to do with their deployment. Cloud users are also
limited to the control and management of their applications, data and
services.This includes data caps, which are placed on cloud users by the
cloud vendor allocating certain amount of bandwidth for each customer
and are often shared among other cloud users.
Privacy and confidentiality are big concerns in some activities. For

instance, sworn translators working under the stipulations of an NDA,
might face problems regarding sensitive data that are not encrypted.
Cloud computing is beneficial to many enterprises; it lowers costs and

allows them to focus on competence instead of on matters of IT and
infrastructure. Nevertheless, cloud computing has proven to have some
limitations and disadvantages, especially for smaller business
operations, particularly regarding security and downtime. Technical
outages are inevitable and occur sometimes when cloud service
providers (CSPs) become overwhelmed in the process of serving their
clients. This may result to temporary business suspension. Since this
technology's systems rely on the internet, an individual cannot be able to
access their applications, server or data from the cloud during an outage.
Cloud computing is still a subject of research. A driving factor in the
evolution of cloud computing has been chief technology officers seeking
to minimize risk of internal outages and mitigate the complexity of
housing network and computing hardware in-house,Major cloud
technology companies invest billions of dollars per year in
cloud Research and Development. For example, in 2011 Microsoft
committed 90 percent of its $9.6 billion R&D budget to its
cloud.Research by investment bank Centaur Partners in late 2015
forecasted that SaaS revenue would grow from $13.5 billion in 2011 to
$32.8 billion in 2016.

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CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is a model to provide the customers on-demand, utility

Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system

1. Private Cloud – This type of cloud is maintained within an

2. Public Cloud – In this type an organization rents cloud services from

3. Hybrid Cloud – This type of cloud is composed of multiple internal or

The advantages for using cloud services can be of technical,

Cloud computing services

Google App-Engine is a platform for developing web applications in

Privacy and confidentiality are big concerns in some activities. For

Cloud computing is beneficial to many enterprises; it lowers costs and

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