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    Orchem Act 5

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    Sean Vincent Ochave
    This document describes the process of recrystallization used to purify acetanilide. Recrystallization involves dissolving an impure compound in a hot solvent, then slowly cooling the solution to form pure crystals which can be filtered and collected. In this experiment, impure acetanilide was boiled in water with activated charcoal to dissolve it, then cooled in an ice bath to form crystals which were collected and weighed, yielding a 10% purity. The advantages of recrystallization are that it is an effective purification method when done correctly, while disadvantages include it being a slow process and requiring the proper solvent.

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    Orchem Act 5

    Uploaded by

    Sean Vincent Ochave
    154 views4 pages
    This document describes the process of recrystallization used to purify acetanilide. Recrystallization involves dissolving an impure compound in a hot solvent, then slowly cooling the solution to form pure crystals which can be filtered and collected. In this experiment, impure acetanilide was boiled in water with activated charcoal to dissolve it, then cooled in an ice bath to form crystals which were collected and weighed, yielding a 10% purity. The advantages of recrystallization are that it is an effective purification method when done correctly, while disadvantages include it being a slow process and requiring the proper solvent.

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    ORChem211L

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    This document describes the process of recrystallization used to purify acetanilide. Recrystallization involves dissolving an impure compound in a hot solvent, then slowly cooling the solution to form pure crystals which can be filtered and collected. In this experiment, impure acetanilide was boiled in water with activated charcoal to dissolve it, then cooled in an ice bath to form crystals which were collected and weighed, yielding a 10% purity. The advantages of recrystallization are that it is an effective purification method when done correctly, while disadvantages include it being a slow process and requiring the proper solvent.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    154 views4 pages

    Orchem Act 5

    Uploaded by

    Sean Vincent Ochave
    This document describes the process of recrystallization used to purify acetanilide. Recrystallization involves dissolving an impure compound in a hot solvent, then slowly cooling the solution to form pure crystals which can be filtered and collected. In this experiment, impure acetanilide was boiled in water with activated charcoal to dissolve it, then cooled in an ice bath to form crystals which were collected and weighed, yielding a 10% purity. The advantages of recrystallization are that it is an effective purification method when done correctly, while disadvantages include it being a slow process and requiring the proper solvent.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    ACTIVITY #5: PURIFICATION BY RECRYSTALLIZATION

    OBJECTIVE

     To be able to know the advantages and disadvantages of using Recrystallization in purification of
    substances.

    THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
    Recrystallization, also known as fractional crystallization, is a procedure for purifying an impure
    compound in a solvent. The method of purification is based on the principle that the solubility of most
    solids increases with increased temperature. This means that as temperature increases, the amount of
    solute that can be dissolved in a solvent increases. The slower the rate of cooling, the larger the crystals
    are that form.

    The disadvantage of recrystallization is that it takes a long time. Also, it is very important that the proper
    solvent is used. This can only be determined by trial and error, based on predictions and observations. The
    solution must be soluble at high temperatures and insoluble at low temperatures. The advantage or
    recrystallization is that, when carried out correctly, it is a very effective way of obtaining a pure sample of
    some product, or precipitate.

    PROCEDURE
    A gram of impure acetanilide was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask. 40 ml of water and a small amount of
    decolorizing activated charcoal was added into the flask and was boiled for 2-3 minutes. After, a fluted
    filter paper on a funnel was placed on another Erlenmeyer flask and 20 ml of heated water was poured
    with the purpose of heating the funnel and filter paper. The solution was poured hot through the funnel
    fitted with the fluted filter. Flask was set aside to cool slowly and placed in an ice bath. After
    crystallization, the crystals were collected and left to dry and were weighed
    Conclusions and recommendations

    Recrystallization is another method used to purify a solid substance. It is a procedure for purifying an
    impure compound in a solvent. The method of purification is based on the principle that the solubility of
    most solids increases with increased temperature. In this experiment, impure acetanilide was used and has
    gone into solution. The crystals of the flask placed in the ice water are smaller compared to the other one.

    Nonetheless, it is recommended to use the methods cautiously to avoid incorrect results. Recrystallization,
    boiling the solution is important so the impure substance will dissolve faster and will not crystallize
    immediately.

    APPENDICES

    DEFINITION OF TERMS

    Acetanilide crystals- An odorless solid chemical of leaf or flake-like appearance.

    Recrystallization- A technique used to purify chemicals. By dissolving both impurities and a compound
    in an appropriate solvent, either the desired compound or impurities can be removed from the solution

    Crystallization - Refers to the solid-liquid separation and purification technique in which mass transfer
    occurs from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase.

    COMPUTATIONS

    𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠


    %𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = × 100%
    𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒, 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑒

    Weight of Filter paper – 1.0 gram


    Weight of pure acetanilide crystals: 1.1 grams – 1 gram = 0.1 grams

    0.1
    % 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = × 100%
    1𝑔

    = 10%
    ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

    1. List the chief reasons why a recrystallization process would not give a yield of 100%
    The yield for a recrystallization can never be 100%. because while the chilled solvent is saturated and
    should release some crystals, at least some of your desired material will remain dissolved in the cold
    solvent and will be lost when the crystals and solvent are separated. The primary necessary source of
    mass loss is to the solvent. Obviously additional mass will be lost to physical handling, and some of
    the lost mass is simply the impurities that you wanted to lose. (But normally the mass of impurities is
    only a few percent or less.)

    2. How may Crystallization be induced?


    These are a few ways of inducing crystallization:
     Put in a crystal of the solute. Sometimes any small particle, or even dust, will do the trick.
     Scratch the glass container (on the inside)
     A firm knock or shake

    3. Why is it important to minimize evaporation during the filtration of a hot solution?


    Minimizing evaporation during the filtration of the hot solution is needed in order to avoid loss of
    some crystals. Evaporation may cause early recrystallization on the filter paper, and so the crystals
    may be lost among the insoluble impurities on the filter paper.
    4. What properties of activated charcoal make it a good absorbing agent?
    Charcoal (also activated charcoal) is known to adsorb a huge variety of substances including a variety
    of paints, dyes and many different kinds of ions. Moreover, the amount of adsorption at normal
    pressure and temperature is high.

    Charcoal is also known to be porous, it has a great influence on its adsorbtion properties. Thus, the
    ability of charcoal to retain soil water is widely attributed to its porosity. This expanded surface is due
    to the fact that charcoal particles have thousands of crevices, pits, grooves, and holes which, when
    opened out, make quite a large surface area.

    5. What are the characteristics of a solvent used for recrystallization?


    Characteristics of a Good Recrystallization Solvent:
    1. The recrystallization solvent should NOT dissolve the substance to be purified at
    room temperature, but it should dissolve it well at the solvent’s boiling point
    2. The solvent should dissolve soluble impurities well at room temperature.
    3. The solvent should not dissolve insoluble impurities even at the solvent’s boiling
    point. These insoluble impurities can then be removed by gravity filtration.
    4. The solvent must not react with the substance to be purified.

    REFERENCES

    Course Hero. (2008). 13 wash with two separate 3ml portions of cold water. Retrieved on February 4,
    2020 from https://www.coursehero.com/file/psmj6b/13-Wash-with-two-separate-3ml-portions-of-
    cold-water-each-time-pressing-the/

    Jasperse, D. (n.d). Chem 355: Recystallization. Retrieved on February 2, 2020 from


    http://web.mnstate.edu/jasperse/Chem355/Recrystallization-1.pdf

    Meener, N. (2015). How can crystallization be induced in a supersaturated solution?. Retrieved on


    February 4, 2020 from https://socratic.org/questions/how-can-crystallization-be-induced-in-a-
    supersaturated-solution

    Pasani, S. (2014). Why is Charcoal such an excellent adsorbent?. Retrieved on February 2, 2020 from
    https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/7033/why-is-charcoal-such-an-excellent-
    adsorbent

    Petrucci, Harwood, Herring, Madura. General Chemistry: Principles & Modern Applications, Ninth Ed.
    Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007.

    Purification of Solid Compounds (n.d.) Retrieved on February 2, 2020 from


    https://tigerweb.towson.edu/jdiscord/www/331_lablectures/1.recrystallizationlecture.pdf

    Science Learning Center. (n.d) Recrystallization – Part I: Solvent. Retrieved on February 4, 2020 from
    Selectionhttp://sciencelearningcenter.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/83057128/05%20Recrystallizatio
    n%20Part%20I%20Solvent%20Selection.pdf

    Separation and Purification Methods (October 21, 2015) Retrieved on February 2, 2020 from
    http://www.mhpracticeplus.com/CPFBS_MCAT/mca88378_V2_Ch08.pdf

    Separation and Purification. Identification of Organic Compounds by Spectroscopic Techniques (n.d.)


    Retrieved on February 2, 2020 from
    http://authors.library.caltech.edu/25034/10/BPOCchapter9.pdf

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