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    Battle of Tabouk

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    matt malinsky
    The Ghazwah Tabook was a major military expedition ordered by the Prophet Muhammad in 630 AD in response to intelligence that the Byzantine Empire was preparing a large attack against the Muslims. The Prophet raised an army of 30,000 soldiers and the campaign lasted 50 days, with the Prophet staying in Tabook for 20 days. The expedition covered approximately 1,400 km and involved great preparation and hardship due to the large distances, harsh desert conditions, and opposition from hypocrites. The campaign was ultimately successful in deterring the Byzantine threat without any fighting taking place.

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    Battle of Tabouk

    Uploaded by

    matt malinsky
    76 views4 pages
    The Ghazwah Tabook was a major military expedition ordered by the Prophet Muhammad in 630 AD in response to intelligence that the Byzantine Empire was preparing a large attack against the Muslims. The Prophet raised an army of 30,000 soldiers and the campaign lasted 50 days, with the Prophet staying in Tabook for 20 days. The expedition covered approximately 1,400 km and involved great preparation and hardship due to the large distances, harsh desert conditions, and opposition from hypocrites. The campaign was ultimately successful in deterring the Byzantine threat without any fighting taking place.

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    The Ghazwah Tabook was a major military expedition ordered by the Prophet Muhammad in 630 AD in response to intelligence that the Byzantine Empire was preparing a large attack against the Muslims. The Prophet raised an army of 30,000 soldiers and the campaign lasted 50 days, with the Prophet staying in Tabook for 20 days. The expedition covered approximately 1,400 km and involved great preparation and hardship due to the large distances, harsh desert conditions, and opposition from hypocrites. The campaign was ultimately successful in deterring the Byzantine threat without any fighting taking place.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    76 views4 pages

    Battle of Tabouk

    Uploaded by

    matt malinsky
    The Ghazwah Tabook was a major military expedition ordered by the Prophet Muhammad in 630 AD in response to intelligence that the Byzantine Empire was preparing a large attack against the Muslims. The Prophet raised an army of 30,000 soldiers and the campaign lasted 50 days, with the Prophet staying in Tabook for 20 days. The expedition covered approximately 1,400 km and involved great preparation and hardship due to the large distances, harsh desert conditions, and opposition from hypocrites. The campaign was ultimately successful in deterring the Byzantine threat without any fighting taking place.

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    GHAZWAH TABOOK

    The campaign began in Rajab 630 AD and lasted 50 days, Nabi Muhammad (SAW) stayed 20 days in
    Tabook. During the campaign about 1400 km journey was covered.

    Background of the Battle

    The battle of Mutah was fought in 629 AD between the Byzantine and its Arab allies the Ghassanids
    against the Muslims. In this many close companions of the prophet like Zaid bin Haris, Zafar bin Abu
    Talib and Abdullah bin Rawaha were killed one after the other while raising the Islamic Banner. This was
    the first military friction between the mighty Byzantine empire and the nascent Islamic state, which
    caused heavy casualties on both sides and led to retreat of muslims from Mutah. The muslims came to
    learn from Nabatean who were inhabitant of Jordan that the Byzantines were preparing a huge attack
    against the muslims with a frontline troop of 40 000 in Balka , Jordan with the emperor Heraclius himself
    camping in Homs , Syria, overseeing war preparations. The Romans were helped by pagan Arab tribes
    like Lukham, Judham, Ghassan and Amila.

    Preparation of Battle
    In backdrop of the aforementioned developments, Nabi Muhammad (SAW) decided to neutralize the
    threat emanating from the North of Arabia by himself raising a huge army and countering them on the
    outskirts of Arabia before they attack Madinah. In order to do it He (SAW) needed huge manpower and
    resources. This required months of preparation , so breaking the usual protocol of keeping the campaign
    a secret Nabi Muhammad (SAW) divulged the plan in order to buy enough time ,to raise a huge army of
    10 000 soldiers on horses and 20 000 soldiers on foot and camel . It was a tough task as the Muslims in
    those days were very poor and also the Munafiqeen wanted to excuse themselves, as they felt it was
    futile to take on the Romans considering the bitter experience of Battle of Mutah a year back. However
    some rich muslims like Usman bin Affan went above means to equip 10 000 horses, Abdur Rahman bin
    Awf gave 200 silver ounces, Abu Bakr gave up everything he owned , when asked why he gave all his
    assets , Abu Bakr said “ I left for my family Allah and his prophet”, Asim bin Adi donated 90 camels.

    The Muslim army disembarked in Rajab, 9th Hijri (630 AD). Muhammad bin Maslamah was appointed
    Amir of Madinah while Ali (RA) was appointed head of his household in the absence of Nabi Muhammad
    (SAW)

    JAISH AL USRAH-Army of Hardship

    The army assembled was the biggest muslim army at that time and monumental task was employed in
    bringing muslim allied tribes from different parts of Arabia as the there was intense heat in that season
    of the year, the distance was also much (700Km) and muslims were dissuaded by the Munafiqeen in
    joining the army considering the intense heat of Rajab in the desert.

    Considering the heat, Allah made the following revelation in Quran 9:81

    “The fire of hell is stronger than the Heat”

    Role of Abdullah bin Ubay


    He camped on the outskirt of Madinah in a different tent with his followers while Nabi Muhammad
    (SAW) set up the tent at Thaniyat el Wadaa. When the time to depart approached, he excused himself
    saying he has fallen ill and returned to Madinah with his followers.

    Two months after the return of Muslim army from Tabouk, he would die.

    Prior to setting for Tabouk Prophet appointed Muhammad bin Maslamah Al Ansari (RA) as Amir of
    Madinah in his absence and Ali as protector of his family.

    Madain Saleh
    In north Arabia the Muslim army passed by the ruins of Samud in a village called Al Hijr, which has been
    renamed as Madain Saleh. Here Nabi Muhammad ordered his people to march faster and not to eat,
    drink or make ablution from the well while he himself covered his head and strode his camel faster.

    On Reaching Tabouk
    The muslims stayed here for 20 days and established alliances with friendly tribes in the area.

    Some of the munafiqeen tried to kill the prophet by wearing mask and letting loose their camels on him
    however he was forewarned by Allah . When the camels came galloping their head was struck by
    Ammar bin Yasir and Huzaifah ibnul Yaman

    Abu Zar Al Ghifari lags Behind


    Abu Zar Al Ghifari lagged behind with his camel because his camel could not support him and his load
    together, hence he decided to walk on foot along with his camel. Before reaching Tabouk Nabi
    Muhammad (SAW) saw him from a distance and said
    "I hope he is Abu Dhar al-Ghifari." As he(SAW) was told by God he is Abu Dhar. Then Prophet (s) said: "May God
    bless Abu Dhar; he walks alone, he dies alone and he will be resurrected alone." And it happened, as he was exiled
    to Rabadha he died there in loneliness.

    On The Return Journey

    Qaswa gets lost and is relocated


    Zaid bin Al Luseet a munafiq passed sarcastic comment on Nabi Muhammad (SAW) saying that
    Muhammad (SAW) has knowledge of the unseen but doesn`t know the where about of his own camel.
    On hearing this Nabi Muhammad (SAW) said that he only knows what Allah has taught him and Allah
    has informed that she is entrapped in the valley by her tether with a tree trunk. The people went and
    found her exactly at that place.

    Cloud of Rain Burst Above the Muslims


    In the morning people were complaining for scarcity of water Nabi Muhammad (SAW) made Dua to
    Allah. Allah responded by sending cloud that burst with showers of water until everyone had sufficient
    of it.

    Formation of Spring of Tabouk


    Once the Muslim party was passing through an arid land, Nabi Muhammad (SAW) told the Muslims that
    next day they will cross through Tabouk spring but warned them not to touch it. But two men who
    arrived earlier touched it as a result water flow waned. Nabi Muhammad (SAW) washed his hands and
    face and poured the water back into it making Dua. The spring gushed heavily with more water.

    CHAPTER OBJECTIVE-We have learnt in details the background of the conflict between Muslims and
    Romans. We also learnt the preparation of Tabouk expedition and the challenges faced by the Muslims.

    DIFFICULT WORDS-

    Ghazwa-Expedition personally undertaken by Nabi Muhammad (SAW)

    Sariya-Expedition ordered by Nabi Muhammad (SAW) without being personally involved in it.
    INFO TIP-

    First Sariya Ubaidah bin Haris was fought at Rabakh in 1 A.H.

    Tabouk was the last Ghazwa of commanded by Nabi Muhammad while last Sariya ordered by him was of
    Usama bin Zayd to Palestine in 11H .The expedition left on same day Nabi Muhammad died and was
    destined to attack Balqa and Darum.
    The Prophet appointed Usama as the commander of the troops (to be sent to Syria). The Muslims spoke about
    Usama (unfavorably). The Prophet said, "I have been informed that you spoke about Usama. (Let it be known that)
    he is the most beloved of all people to me. "Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:744

    EXERCISES

    A. Fill in the blanks


    1.Martyrs in Battle of Mutah were-
    2. First Sarriya was—
    3. Last Sarriya was-
    4. First Ghazwa was-
    5. Last Ghazwa

    B. Answer using correct options

    1. Duration of Tabouk campaign was—days

    a.50 b.20 c.30 d.60

    2.—was made in charge of Madinah in absence of Nabi Muhammad (SAW)

    3. Total distance covered was-km

    a.1000 b.1400 c.1200 d.700

    4.—gave up all his belongings for this campaign

    a. Ali b. Abu Bakr c. Umar d. Usman

    5. Movement of Roman troops was informed by –

    a. Judham b. Lakham c. Nabatean d. Amila

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