Answers PDF

Answers_1.
qxd 7/23/08 5:03 AM Page 494
Answers
Answers
Chapter 1 d i 873 081

ii Eight hundred and seventy-three thousand
Do now
and eighty-one
1 a 9 b 90 c 500
E
e i 23 45 791
d 1 000 000 e 30 100 f 23 999
ii Twenty-three million, four hundred and
2 a Ten b Sixty c Eleven thousand
fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and
d Seven hundred and three thousand
ninety-one
e Seventy-one thousand, one hundred and six
f i 710 892
3 a 14, 25, 63, 72, 97 b 489, 607, 670, 4001
ii Seven hundred and ten thousand, eight
c 3890, 3980, 8093, 8309
hundred and ninety-two
4
5
8
a
a
d
a
d
a
d
g
a
e
$202.60 b $21.30
18
54
7
281
15
630
210
3
70
Exercise 1A
b 431
e 1260
b 13
e 2998
b 14
e 630
h 200
b 3
f 10
PL
c
f
c
f
c
f
i
c 10
g 10
599
1001
18
96
63
90
330 j 330
d 22 + 1r
h 7435
7 a
b
c
e
i 78 ii Seventy-eight
i 210 ii Two hundred and ten
i 10 000 599
ii Ten million, five hundred and ninety-nine
i 541 069
ii Five hundred and forty-one thousand and
sixty-nine
i 88 999 999
ii Eighty-eight million, nine hundred and
ninty-nine thousand, nine hundred and
ninty-nine.
M
f i 153 009
ii One hundred and fifty-three thousand and
nine
1 a 5 b 500 c 50
8 a i 4 ii 40 iii 400
d 5000 e 50 000 000 f 500 000
iv 400 000 v 4000 vi 40 000
g 5 000 000 h 50 000
b i 1 ii 10 iii 100
2 a 28 b 643 c 24 003
iv 100 000 v 1000 vi 10 000
d 25 203 e 300 f 2006
c i 3 ii 30 iii 300
3 a Sixty-four
iv 300 000 v 3000 vi 30 000
SA
b Four hundred and fifty-seven

9 a 348, 432, 456, 654, 843
c One hundred and twenty-three thousand, four
b 606, 607, 660, 670, 706
hundred and fifty-six
c 123, 231, 312, 1231, 1321
d Four thousand and four
d 12 700, 21 007, 21 700, 71 200
e Two hundred and eleven thousand, one
e 4568, 5486, 6485, 8465, 8645
hundred and twelve
f 1568, 1586, 1658, 1846, 1865
f Eight thousand and forty-five
g 888, 973, 1001, 1021, 6000
g Thirty-four thousand, seven hundred and sixty
h 1234, 3012, 10 004, 32 140
h One million, nine hundred and eighty
10 a 416, 412, 148, 143, 124
thousand, six hundred and fifty-three
b 7614, 7461, 7416, 7164, 541
4 a 38 b 5 000 060
c 876, 854, 543, 435, 345
c 1032 d 20 079
d 13 331, 13 313, 13 131, 13 113
5 a 267 b 20 900
e 8712, 8127, 7812, 7278, 7187
c 87 906 d 6 299 902
f 155 551, 155 515, 151 515, 151 155
6 a i 101 ii One hundred and one
11 a i 307 ii 730
b i 311 ii Three hundred and eleven
b i 1367 ii 7631
c i 1 000 537
c i 34 679 ii 97 643
ii One million, five hundred and thirty-seven
d i 102 456 ii 654 210
494 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9
Cambridge University Press • Uncorrected Sample Pages • 2008 © Brookie, Halford, Lawrence, Tiffin, Wallace
Answers_1.qxd 7/23/08 5:03 AM Page 495
12 a 307 iii 9
b 1367 3167 6731 1376
Answers
1 3
3176 6713 1637 3716
6173 1673 3761 6137 5 4
1736 3617 6317 1763
8 6 2 7
3671 6371
c 34 679 36 479 34 697 36 497 15 609 people
34 976 36 947 34 967 36 974
34 769 36 794 34 796 36 749 Exercise 1C
13 Game
1 a 64 b 102 c 168 d 224
E
Exercise 1B
e 115 f 225 g 96 h 216
i 480 j 156 k 1000 l 192
1 a 712 b 304 c 793 d 485 2 a 144 b 288 c 126 d 288
e 881 f 480 g 848 h 941 e 1116 f 675 g 693 h 486
i 1084 j 1531 k 3992 l 5881 i 864 j 351 k 1179 l 2169
2 a 9 b 31 c 437 d 291 3 a 187 b 286 c 154 d 352
6
e 305
i
a 64
1068 j
e 853
i
a 42
261
e 126
i 231
a 118
e 921
i
a 12
601
f
b
f
j
b
f
j
b
f
j
b
192
1224
228
312
2176
112
199
1017
95
461
3484
71
g 90
k 1526
c 1259
g 513
k 3370
c 102
g 258
k 2107
c 554
g 740
k 4371
c 536
PL h
l
d
h
l
d
h
l
d
h
l
d
117
3165
297
858
4245
151
359
515
253
901
4693
608
4
6
e
i
a
e
i
a
e
i
m
a
407
1056
80
345
7200
693
486
216
1179
ⴛ
4
f
j
b
f
j
b
f
j
n
1
4
825
429
162
1050
2224
96
594
1179
192
3
12
g
k
c
g
k
c
g
k
o
5
20
968
1375
272
576
4750
576
1350
4750
3916
7
24
h
l
d
h
l
d
h
l
p
594
3916
308
1350
5754
968
96
1375
2169
9
36
M
e 243 f 206 g 207 h 481 6 6 16 30 42 54
i 389 j 911 k 409 l 856 8 8 24 40 72 72
7 a 395 b 33 c 624 d 922 12 12 36 50 84 108
e 894 f 498 g 989 h 206 14 14 42 70 98 116
i 255 j 1243 k 5416 l 1685
b
8 a 77 cars b 60 cars ⴛ 5 10 15 20 25
9 a 146 359 b 5087 c 337 253 d 57 457 2 10 20 30 40 50
e 10999 f 626 3 15 30 40 60 85
SA
10 a $12.50 b Week 4, $175 c $150 4 20 40 60 80 110

d $787.50 5 25 50 85 100 120
11 a 235 b 937 c 1099 d 49911 7 35 70 105 140 175
e 9710 f 980
12 161 cows 7 a 300 b 1080 c 806
13 $3050 d 14014 e 13 298 f 3906
14 a i ii 8 a 12 555 b 2596 c 2880 d 4992
1 6
9 a 25 3 b 9 7 c 18 9 d 40 6
10 a 䉱 = 2, 䊉 = 4, ♥ = 6, . = 3
6 4 1 2
b 䉫 = 7, 䊊 = 3, ♠ = 4, ⵧ = 5
3 2 5 5 3 4 11 Answers will vary.
b One of the possible solutions for each part is
given.
i 1 ii 5 Exercise 1D
9 7 8 7
1 a 5 b 3 c 9 d 8
5 6 3 2 e 6 f 12 g 12 h 12
2 8 4 3 4 9 1 6 i 12 j 36 k 12 l 8
Answers 495
2 a 8 a 7 b 10 c 6 d 5
ⴜ 18 54 36 42 108
e 23 f 18 g 3 h 17
Answers
1 18 54 36 42 108
9 a 81 ÷ 9 b 90÷ 9 c 18 ÷ 3 d 115 ÷ 5
2 9 27 16 21 54
10 $157
3 6 16 12 14 35
11 68 g
6 3 9 6 7 18
12 $96.50
9 2 6 4 5 22
13 Order does matter when dividing but it does not
matter when multiplying.
b
ⴜ 100 200 40 120 500
10 10 20 4 12 50
Exercise 1E
2 50 10 20 6 250
E
5 20 10 8 20 100
20 5 10 2 6 20 1 a 72 b 63 c 97 d 78
1 100 200 40 120 500 e 91 f 206 g 179 h 104
2 a 16 b 112 c 30 d 156
3 a THIS e 114 f 60 g 34 h 36
0 64 then 3 a 245 b 65 c 265 d 203
e 169 f 62 g 58 h 199
0
8
NOT THIS
0
64 ÷ 8
8÷2
PL
8
8 then
4
5
6
7
9
91 km
$23
23 m, remainder 11 m
26 weeks
÷ 10: the 6 becomes 6 tens instead of 6 hundreds:
÷ 100: the 6 becomes 6 ones
÷ 1000: the 6 becomes 6 tenths
Exercise 1F
M
4 1 a 3900 b 156 000 c 1500
2 a 8 b 802 c 56 d 801
8÷2 3 a 2 960 b 18 300 c 75 000
d 3 200 000 e 7 f 90
0 64
g 5 h 12 i 95
16 32 48 4 $190
5 $7
64 ÷ 4 6 $79 000
11427 m
SA
7
b Order is important 8 $5742
c i 5 ii 1
4 When a whole number greater than or equal to
one is divided by 1, the answer is always that Exercise 1G
whole number.
5 ii When zero is divided by any number the 1 1166 members
answer is always zero. 2 $252
6 a Quotient: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 320, 3200, 3 $565
32 000, 320 000, 3 200 000 4 a 79 points b 75 points
b As the divisor becomes very close to zero 5 a $45 b $2250 (actual cost $2340)
value, the quotient becomes extremely large. 6 54 km
c Infinity (or undefined) 7 $98 a day
7 a three and 1 remainder, 314 8 Angela $50, Kathy $25
b five and 1 remainder, 514 9 16 days
c four and 1 remainder, 416
d four and 2 remainder, 427
e ten and four remainder, 1045
f sixteen and 1 remainder, 1613
Exercise 1H Review
Answers
1 five thousand
2 1 000 706
1 a 9 b 25 c 49 d 64 3 50
e 27 f 16 g 1000 h 32 4 48
2 a 2187 b 4096 c 10 000 d 6 561 5 multiply, times, lots of
e 169 f 390625 g 1 h 100 000 6 three and 26 remaining or 326
47
3 a 7 b 5 c 4 d 10 7 206
4 a 2 b 3 c 2 d 100 8 1268
5 a 21 b 25 c 40 000 d 145 9 60
e 27 f 1717 g 3125 h 22 10 221
25m2
E
6 11 a fifty b five c five hundred
7 a 200m b 40 runs 40 000m2 d fifty thousand
12 a two million, three hundred and forty-seven
Exercise 1I thousand, two hundred and ten
b three thousand and seven
1 a 17 b 10 c 23 c two hundred and three thousand, two
hundred and forty-four
4
d 6
g 5
j 9
a 25
d 45
g 7
j 0
a 9
d 9
g 7
j 13
a 38
e 4
h 9
k 19
b 13
e 14
h 10
k 0
b 14
e 10
h 11
k 7
b 11
f 1
i 19
l 20
c 10
f 33
i 12
l 0
c 44
f 11
i 3
l 2
c 6
PL
d 2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1253, 2351, 2513, 2531, 3521, 5123
456, 465, 546, 564,
a 178
a 54
1
4 4
6 6
675 g
25 matches
250 23 km
3
12
18
b
b 378
5
20
30
11138
c 30 699
M
e 6 f 16 g 13 h 9
21 a 11 b 5 c 13 d 4
i 22 j 4 k 58 l 74
m 31 n 0 o 53 p 14 Extended-response questions
5 a (3 1) 5 20 b 7 4 3 19 1 a 9 pens b 38 pens c 112 animals
c (20 2) 6 3, or (20 2) 3 6
2 a 8 rolls of film b 252 photographs
d 13 18 9 11 c $50 d $153 e $203
6 b, c, d, e need brackets
b (3 5) 2 16 c (14 8) ÷ 2 3
Chapter 2
SA
d 12 ÷ (6 4) 6 e (12 5) 2 34
Do now
Exercise 1J 1 a 155 b 14 c 40 d 2720
e 2 596 000 f 4815 g 460 000
h 5640
1 a 30 b 40 c 30 d 30
2 a 48 mm 21 mm b 19 mm 19 mm
e 800 f 800 g 900 h 900
c 24 mm; rectangle
i 1000 j 1000 k 2000 l 2000
3 a 3000 m b 2000 cm c 14 000 000 mm
m 3000 n 4000 o 6000 p 7000
4 a 6m b 2 cm c 2 km
2 Some answers may vary
5 a 8.15 b 7.45 c 2.20
a 100 b 250 c 340 d 360
6 a b
e 440 f 880 g 480 h 470
i 320 j 70 k 60 l 160
m 3600 n 1200 o 700 p 18 000
q 12 000 r 27 000 s 9 t 20 u 2
3 Approximately 230 000 people c
4 Approximately 1900 years
5 Approximatelty 960 000 each year
6 Approximately 6 minutes
Answers 497
7 a
Exercise 2C
Answers
1000 1 a 10 cubic units b 12 cubic units
850 mL
800 c 18 cubic units
2 a 32 cubic units b 32 cubic units
400 c 32 cubic units
3 a mL b kL c L
100 d mL e kL f ML
g mL h L i L
b i ii
0 kg 0 kg
4 500 mL, 1L, 2000 L, 200 kL, 15 ML
E
5 a 27 mL b 240 mL
4 kg 1 kg 4 kg 1 kg
6 a 360 mL b 330 mL c 3L
7 a kg b mg c g d tonne
3k 2 kg 3k 2 kg e tonne f kg g kg h mg
i g j tonne k kg l g
8 a 5000 g b 45 000 g c 2 000 000 g
100 1 kg 2 kg 3 kg 4 kg 5 kg
d 2 000 000 e 5 000 000 f 2 000 000 000
Exercise 2A
1 a
c
e
g
i
2 a
c
e
24 barleycorns
144 cubits
72 cubits
50 rods
6 ropes
48 digits
50 000 feet
24 digits
b 2 cubits
d 120 rods
f
h 150 fingers
j 2 rods
b 24 palms
d 37 500 feet
f 5 feet
PL
720 barleycorns
1
9
10
11
12
13
2830 mg, 2830 g, 283 kg, 28 t
32 624 g
12 kg
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2D
a 36 months b 364 weeks c 66 months

d 60 years
g 72 hours
e 3 years f 7 years
h 336 hours i 0.822 years
M
g 1 mile h 4 miles
j 120 min k 270 min l 7.5 days
i 96 digits j 2 leagues
m 168 days n 120 s o 86 400 s
k 4 paces l 3 cubits
p 5 centuries q 7 decades r 5 millennia
3 a 9 feet b 72 inches
2 11 years
c 72 inches d 99 feet
3 a Wendy b 223 days
e 240 rods f 32 furlongs
4 a 9.10 b 10.26 c 3.40
g 4 feet h 3 feet
5 a 2h b 3 h 37 min c 10 h 26 min
i 4 yards j 2 rods
d 18 h 43 min
SA
k 4 miles l 132 000 feet

6 a 8.45 pm b 4.55 pm c 3.39 am
4 a i Answers will vary. ii Answers will vary.
d 11.01 am
b i, ii Imperial foot does not vary; Roman foot
7 3.50 pm
depends of size of digit.
8 1 h 7 min
iii Babylonia is distance from elbow to
9 2 h 45 min
10 8.54 pm
Exercise 2B 11 1 h 10 min
12 1705 h
13 a 0400 hours b 0715 hours c 1400 hours
1 a 80 mm b 120 mm d 1620 hours e 1950 hours f 2130 hours
c 110 mm d 150 mm 14 a 6.00 am b 8.00 am c 6.30 pm
e 184 mm f 136 mm d 12.50 pm
2 a km b mm c m d cm 15, 16 Answers will vary.
e km f m g m h km
i km j m
3 Answers will vary.
4 a mm b m c m d cm
5–8 Answers will vary.
e i (C, 2) ii (E, 3) iii (A, 2)

Exercise 2E f 20 km
Answers
1 a 100 years b 300 years c 500 years
d 800 years e 200 years f 600 years
2 a 150 years b 460 years c 230 years Chapter review
d 982 years e 3323 years f 2700 years Short-answer questions
3 a A b E c B d C 1 a m b g c min d g
e G f F g D 2 ⬇100 g
4 Answers will vary. 3 22.30
5 a i 5.30 pm ii 5 pm iii 6 pm 4 41 min
E
b i 25 min ii 25 min c 55 min 5 960 mm
6 a 81 min b 0720 train c 81 min 6 97 cm
7 a 11.13 m at 3.02 pm 7 4.5 km
b i 9.30 am, 2.38 pm ii 9.68 m 8 a 15 000 b 500 000 c 4000
c 22 August d 1.16 m, 17 Oct 9 TBD after first pages
e 11.13 m, 19 Sept 10 a 1.64 m at 11.05 am b 5 hours
f i 4.57 pm ii 2.58 pm c No, highest is on 19 Sept
8
2
3
4
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2F
a i 8.1 h
b i 5.1h
c i 10.4 h
SE 59, Wellington
9 mm
ii 22 C
ii 14 C
ii 20 C
a Overseas postal rate

c $1.50 d $10.50
PL iii
iii
iii
b
1022 hPa
1026 hPa
1023 hPa
Air
11
12
13
1
2
a 60 months b 4 years
d 504h
5.20 pm
No, 3330 mm is too wide
Extended-response questions
a
a
Chapter 3
Do now
8.1 km
1.75 m
b 28.7 km
b 4m
c 120 hours
c 320.6 km
c 199 cm
M
5 a Courier delivery rates b $11.40 1 a Forty b Four thousand c Four
c $21.20 d $8, overnight 2 a 1, 15, 123, 132, 2004
6 a $17.60 b $64.70 c $51.50 3 a 72 b 237 c 22 d 47
7 Answers will vary. 4 a 20 b 8 c 6
5 a 300 b 700 c 600 d 8000
6 a 36 000 b 120
Exercise 2G 7 a 200 b 800 c 100 d 200
SA
1 a 500 m b $40
2 a b c d Exercise 3A
3 a 56 484 km
b i 56 907 km, 56 992 km, 57 219 km, 5 5 5
1 a 10 b 5 c 100 d 1000
57 276 km, 57 412 km, 57 496 km
e 50 f 105 g 105 h 5
ii 57 741 km 5 5
i 1000 j 100
c Boort and Dill 5 4 4
2 a 10 b 1000 c 80 d 100
4 3
Town Arrival time Departure time e 10 f 300 g 109 3
h 10
5 6 7 6
Uptown – 09.10 i 100 j 10 000 k 100 l 1000
Newtown 10.10 10.15 3 a 0.3 b 0.5 c 5.3 d 0.06
Middletown 11.00 11.05 e 0.13 f 0.27 g 0.048 h 0.466
Oldtown 12.35 12.40 i 0.005 j 4.56 k 23.9 l 14.456
Downtown 2.55 m 6.05 n 24.064 o 2.71 p 16.02
q 2.3 r 17.024
5 a Kingsford Smith Airport 4 a 3.5 b 34.03 c 0.014 d 22.15
b Banksdown Aerodrome 5 a Thity-five and two tenths
c 15 km d $140 b Fifty-six hundreths
Answers 499
c Five and three thousand, five hundred and 5 a 2.1 b 4.01 c 5.01 d 2.7
seven ten-thousandths e 4.07 f 6.5 g 10.25
Answers
d Four and nine hundred and fifty-four h 12.2 i 5.125 j 2.0625
thousand and three millionths 6 a 1.2 b 2.25 c 3.75 d 4.3.
6 No answer e 2.625 f 3.4 g 4.375 h 5.6
7 a 0.5 d 1.50 e 1.450 i 2.6 j 1.03 k 1.625 . l 3.75
g 1.070 h 1.700 j 1.3000 7 a 0.4, 0.375 b 0.6, 0.5
8 a 0.63 b 0.174 c 0.00945 c 0.285714,
. 0.125 d 0.5, 0.54 . .
9 a 0.12 b 0.258 c 0.0045 e 0.4, 0.1, 0.75 f 0.428571, 0.5, 0.6
10 a 0.6, 1.06, 1.6, 10.6 g 0.18, 0.45, 0.461538 h 0.516, 0.24, 0.5
b 0.366, 1.6, 2.03, 3.74 8 a 0.167 b 0.111 c 0.583 d 0.555
E
c 0.004, 0.0123, 0.142, 0.222 e 3.667
. f 1.267 g 3.333. h 2.417
d 0.1112, 0.1121, 0.1211, 0.2111 9 a 0.3 b 0.5 c 0.83 d 1
e 5.24, 6.002, 53.4, 60.020, 60.20 10 a 0.0909... b 0.04545...
f 2.007, 2.779, 7.002, 7.202, 27.002 c 0.142857142... d 0.2727...
11 Mt Hutt e 2.2727... f 3.13636...
12 $20.40, $22.40, $24.00, $24.20 g 2.42857147 h 5.714285714...
13 a Day 2 b Day 5 11 1
= 0.142857142, 27 = 0.285714285,
14
3
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3B
a 21.74 b
e 14.68
a 5.29
e 52.48 f
a 10.11 b
b
19.5
f 14.43
37.19 c
7.734
c
303.21 c
PL
c 15.34, 17.05, 17.26, 17.62, 18.09, 18.26
25.44
456.44 d
1.633
d 22.71
11.143
12
13
14
15
7
3
7
a
e
i
m
a
e
i
= 0.428571429
3
10
3
100
23
100
2
500
3
10
237
47
2100
1000 j
a Second round
b
f
j
n
b
f
1
2
2
1
20
7
20
47
200
1
225
7
20
Yes, Joseph was right.

c
g
k
o
c
g
k
b
3
5
3
50
23
50
271
31000
601
1000
211
25
435
Jean
d
h
l
p
d
h
l
c
4
5
2
25
29
50
413
57
100
3252
21
10 000
Peter
M
d 10.79 e 25.38 f 1.351
4 a 2.5 b 3.09 c 4.716 d 2.45
e 1.91 f 6.811 Exercise 3D
5 a 37.46 b 13.83 c 7.492
d 148.1 e 18.25 f 178.84
1 a 3.45 b 34.5 c 345
6 a 0.8 seconds b 0.14 seconds
d 2454.5 e 24545 f 245 450
7 a 4.61 km b 1.85 km
g 34.4567 h 3445.67 i 34 456.7
8 $7.65
j 734 000 k 7854 l 345 600 000
SA
9 $1.90
2 a 3.754 b 0.438 c 0.0345
10 $28.95
d 0.3754 e 0.0438 f 0.00345
11 a $158.45 b $41.55
g 0.03754 h 0.00438 i 0.00345
12 a 27.316 b Answers will vary.
3 a 16.5 b 364.65 c 23.47
d 4746.7 e 56 770 f 256
Exercise 3C g 3700 h 17 240 i 456 700
j 2.4 k 0.35 l 57.9
4 a 3.8 b 4.5 c 1.73
1 a 0.1 b 0.01 c 0.001 d 1.203 e 134.7 f 0.023
d 0.7 e 0.07 f 0.5 g 0.000 812 3 h 0.034 598 i 0.024 56
g 0.25 h 0.2 j 0.0056 k 0.000 003 l 0.000 034 7
i 0.125 j 0.0625 5 a 78 b 720 c 1360
2 a 0.4 b 0.75 c 0.6 d 0.11 e 2.32 f 0.189
d 0.625 e 0.01 f 0.015 g 64 h 0.56 i 0.0447
g 0.1875 h 0. 8 i 0.75 j 0.05 j 8734 k 0.52 l 93 000
3 a 0.375 b 0.5 c 0.625 d 0.75 m 0.258 n 0.0105 o 748
e 0.875 f 1 p 0.0164
4 a 2 b 3 6 468 mm of rainfall
7 $1434 overall cost 11 $75.67

8 $0.39 each soldier 12 $51.62
Answers
9 $725 per square meter 13 Yes, the bricks weigh 480 kg in total.
10 $30.60 per couple 14 a $1180
11 $52.50 in total b Package A, $1164.60; Package B, $1089.60;
12 a Exponent Package C, $1331.20
b Answers will vary, depending on the c Package B along with 1 cupboard and 2
calculator used. corner units
c Answers will vary, depending on the
calculator used. . Exercise 3G
d i 200 ii 18 iii 77.7 iv 8
E
v 0.000625 vi 12.14 (2 dp)
vii 0.00004 or 4 E4 viii 91 1 a 10 b 20 c 30 d 20
e 40 f 40 g 40 h 70
i 1730 j 90 k 160 l 140
Exercise 3E 2 a 100 b 40 c 50 d 50
e 25 f 150 g 100 h 140
1 a 2.5 b 4.2 c 2.4 d 3.6 i 100 j 150 k 200 l 100
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
e 9.6
a 2.58
e 0.28
5.25m
3.25m
2.31L
39.1L
$10.85
a 8.58
e 5.04
f 10.5
b 2.8
f 1.33
11.04m (or 12m)
b 6.3
g 11.2
c 4.74
g 0.036
c 0.9
f 2.678 g 17.682
a 4.06m b 2.12m c 1.28m
PL h
d
h
d
h
d
10.2
3.68
0.54
12.04
0.364
2.9m
3
7
a 1000 b
e 9000 f
a 200
e 200
i
e 10
i
a 16
i
200
a 5.71
7.5
e 18.9
5.6
a 27.89 b
b
f
b
f
b
f
250
500
300
600
1.67
13.3
8.9
31.6
41.45
c
g
c
g
c
g
c
g
c
1000
1500
600
140
22.5
8.3
21.4
19.7
35.1
d
h
d
h
d
h
d
h
d
3500
1600
100
200
180
11.4
125
16.7
85.2
M
e $7.67 (NB: he builds 8 ramps) e 17.2 f 111.1 g 18.7 h 18.8
i 21.9
8 40 parcels
Exercise 3F 9 10 shelves
10 a 21 pieces b 0.125m
11 58 students
1 a 4.8 b 9.9 c 20.8 d 49.7
e 29.84 f 28.02 g 85.86 h 20.52
a 17.52 b 20.88 32.86 d 39.06 Exercise 3H
SA
2 c
e 12.42 f 41.08 g 219.95
h 424.88 i 160.48 1 a 10.28 b 8.03 c 45 d 9.1
3 a 0.1 b 0.12 c 0.49 d 0.08 e 20.6 f 40.17 g 12.94 h 72.2
e 1.404 f 2.155 g 3.172 h 4.515 i 188.58 j 35.43 k 23.406 l 1.96
4 a 261.8 b 137 c 140 d 84 2 a 9.83 b 83.27 c 1.636 d 51.5
e 314 f 547 g 420 h 1335 e 17.53 f 23.727
5 a 0.024 b 0.086 c 0.16 d 8.28 3 47 dresses
e 9.18 f 41.58 g 74.152 h 198.66 4 56.67km per hour
i 9.1686 5 1243 patients
6 a $6 b $34 c $44 d $26 6 46.56L
e $104 f $128 g $9 h $83 7 $1252.60
i $209
7 a $7238.40 b $8.84 c $755.04
Exercise 3I
d $10.34 e $5.05 f $8.11
g $549.13 h $1437.01 i $34 548.45
8 a 47.6 m b $199.92 1 a $6.4 b $18.10 c $16
9 No d $21.50 e $11.30
10 $217.16 2 $43.30, $8.66 per person
Answers 501
3 200 g (= 0.2 kg), 50 cents ii A: 130 mm, B: 145 mm,

4 40 cents C: 167 mm, D: 181 mm
Answers
5 8 Marguerita pizzas and 1 Kiwi (or any other d i A: 12 cm, B: 13.4 cm,
costing $9.40) C: 16.7 m, D: 17.9 cm
6 a $796.40 b $6.20 ii A: 120 mm, B: 134 mm,
C: 167 mm, D: 179 mm
e i 43.8 cm ii 438 mm
Short-answer questions 3 a 27 mm b 45 mm
1 Four hundredths c 32 mm d 29 mm
2 0.01 4 a 43°C b 6°C
3 0.023, 2.3, 2.358, 5.23 c 46°C d 60 mL
4 36 450
E
e 10 mL f 200 mL
5 30 g 250 mL h 1.5 mL
6 0.008 i 3 cups j 3 mL
7 1.12 k 45 mL l 40 km
8 Thirty-four plus seven tenths plus three m 4.5 mL n 46 kg
thousandths 5 a i 8105 km ii 10 091 km
9 $9.00 b i 30 km/h ii 140 km/h
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1
2
a 980
a 0.64
a 300
$103.35
24
b 100
a 18.77 b 22.354 c 10.41
b 0.012 c 1.04
b 410
a $18.40 b $1.60
Extended-response questions:
a 312 doses
a $147.75
b 104 days
b $110.10
PL
c 450
c 0.4mL
c $257.85
6
7
8
9
1
4
a 65 mm
i D
iv C
vii A
b 60 mm
ii E
v B
viii I
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary.
Exercise 4B
230 cm
a 5000 g
2 15 cm
b 0.3 g
c
iii
vi
ix
30 mm
G
H
F
3 0.6 m
c 0.016 g
M
d $42.15
d 0.874 g e 4500 g f 7.5 kg
g 2000 kg h 5 000 000 mg i 38 000 g
Chapter 4 j 0.34 t k 0.094 t l 0.025 kg
Do now 5 2830 g, 283 kg, 2.83 t
1 a 12.8 b 52.21 c 18 6 a 3000 mL b 5000 mL c 4L
2 a 48 b 60.5 c 19.09 d 7000 L e 5700 mL f 840 000 kL
3 a 2896 b 497 100 c 83.1 g 100 cm3 h 5000 mL i 0.00098 ML
4 a 0.002896 b 42.5 c 0.6854 j 60 mL k 0.0584 L l 6500 mL
SA
5 a 5000 m b 350 m c 84.5 cm 7 a 6000 L b 350 000 000 000 L

6 a 18 b 12 c 14 c 2.5 L
7 a 8 a 760 b 0.07 c 653
8 a 9 b 16 d 5.8 e 108 000 f 9 540 000
9 a 25 b 8 c 27 d 16 g 0.512 h 240 i 0.000883
10 Marlborough, Westland, Nelson, Southland, j 0.323 k 7000 l 8090
Olago, Conterbury m 1500 n 8 592 000 000
o 905 000 p 0.690
q 567.891234 r 3 000 000
Exercise 4A
9 a 0.48 m b 98 mg c 3 000 000 mL
10 a
mm cm m km
1 a i 4 cm ii 40 mm
1000 100 1 0.001
b i 6 cm ii 60 mm
4000 400 4 0.004
2 a i A: 5.3 cm, B: 7 cm
50 000 5000 50 0.05
ii A: 53 mm, B: 70 cm
20 000 2000 20 0.02
b i 3.2 cm ii 32 mm
c i A: 13 cm, B: 14.5 cm,
C: 16.7 cm, D: 18.1 cm
b 2 94 m
3 a 24 m b $360 m c 12
Answers
mL L kL ML
4 2513 m
1000 000 000 1000 000 1000 1
5 a 10 cm b 241 cm
2000 000 2000 2 0.002
6 a 198 m
40 000 40 0.04 0.00004
b i 9900 m ii 198 000 m iii 1 108 800 m
500 0.5 0.0005 0.0000005
7 No, diameter of rod = 1.9 cm
c 8 75.4 min
mg g kg t 9 a 9m b 4.5 m
260 000 260 0.26 0.00026 10 Answers will vary.
5760 000 000 5760 000 5760 5.76 11 a It doubles. b It triples. c It is halved.
E
15 397 15.397 0.015397 0.000015397 12 C
3750 000 3750 3.75 0.00375 13 a i 12.85 m ii $308.40
b i 10.28 m ii $246.72
11 a 750 mm b 1053 mg c 14.7 mL c i 13.71 m ii $329.04
12 a 211 mm b 504.002773 kg c 2302.4 L d i 18.84 m ii $452.16
13 a 19 m 54 cm b 37 L 81 mL e i 25.12 ii $602.88
c 17 kg 322 g d 2 t 75 kg 200 g
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
70 g
36
0.125 m
$25 000
300 g packet
a 1250 b Yes
891 mL
c PL Between 59 and 88
a Measure off a millimetre’s worth of pages,

then divide 1 mm by the number of pages to
find the thickness of a single page.
b Answers will vary.
c Answers will vary.
Exercise 4E
3
a m2
d m2
g ha
j cm
m km
2
2
c 8 square units
a 9 square units
b m2
e ha
h cm2
k km
n mm
a 12 square units
2
2
c km2
f mm2
i cm2
l mm2
o m2
b 5 square units
d 25 square units
b 9 square units
M
c 8 square units d 13 square units
d Answers will vary. e 14 square units f 12 square units
4 a 4 square units b 20 square units
Exercise 4C c 18 square units d 12 square units
e 8 square units f 15 square units
5 a 24 cm2 b 14 mm2 c 42 m2 d 66 cm2
1 a 610 m b 21 m c 166 m 6 a 40 cm2 b 504 mm2 c 1.4 cm2 d 3.5 m2
2 a 27.2 m b 24 cm 7 a 16 cm2 b 196 cm2
3 a 48 mm b 476 m c 88 m
SA
2
c 0.36 m d 18.49 km2
4 a 12 mm b 45 cm c 16 m 8 b 6300 mm2 c 1200 cm2
d 29 mm e 21.6 cm d 56 m2 e 80 cm2
5 a 90 m b 16.4 m c 9.6 m 9 b 1423.8 m c 0.1 cm2 d 2681.6 km2
2
6 a 4 cm b 25 m c 9 cm e 30 107.6 m2
d 3m e 25 m 10
7 $728 Length Width Area of rectangle
8 a b c 4 cm 3 cm 12 cm2
5m 2m 10 m2
3 cm 6 cm 18 cm2
7 km 7 km 49 km2
8 cm 3 cm 24 cm2
Exercise 4D 11 a 36 cm2 b 2.24 m2 c 10.8 km2

12 a 73.6 cm2 b 1.64 km2 c 232 cm2
1 a 6.28 cm b 21.98 cm c 31.40 m d 0.54 km2
d 87.92 cm e 4.71 m f 2.83 cm 13 500
g 15.07 cm h 23.86 m 14 a 18 b 36 c 9
Answers 503
15 36 cm2 11 a 62 m2 b 46 m2 c 46 m2 d 92 m2
a Netball 472.75 m2, basketball 420 m2 a 2 m2 b 40 m2
Answers
16 12
b Netball c i Yes 13 a
17 Answers will vary. p
Triangle p n n A
18 Answers will vary. 2
P 12 3 9 8
Exercise 4F Q 8 5 9 8
R 12 9 15 14
S 12 7 13 12
1 a 18 cm2 b 52 cm2 c 42 mm2 T 8 3 7 6
d 136 m2 e 210 mm2 f 148 cm2 p
E
g 180 m 2
h 42 m 2
i 128 cm2 b A n1
2 2 2
2 a 44 mm b 16 cm c 65 m2
c i 7 ii 9
d 53 cm2 e 96 m2 f 51 m2
3 a 48 cm2 b 84 km2
4 9.04 m2 Exercise 4H
5 864 cm2
16 m2
6
7
8
9
8.5 m2
b 70
e Carpet
Exercise 4G
c $2257.50
f 13.3 L
PL
a Bedroom 1: 14.28 m2, bedroom 2: 13.68 m2,
bathroom: 4.75 m2, kitchen: 12.9 m2,
lounge/dining: 17.2 m2
d $3355.20
A: 324, B: 225, C: 64, F: 196, G: 16, H: 49, I: 1

1
2
3
4
a 8 cm3
d 360 cm3
g 64 m3
a 24 cm3
a 8 cm3
d 15.625 cm3
Length
2
2
3
Width
3
2
3
b
e
h
b
b
60 m3
385 cm3
324 cm3
648 mm3
216 mm3
c
f
i
c
c
Height Volume
4
2
3
24
8
27
84 m3
1008 mm3
4140 cm3
756 m3
343 cm3
M
5 2 3 30
1 a 12 cm2 b 24 cm2 c 48 m2 d 27 m2
5 1 4 20
2 a b
base height
5, 6 Answers will vary.
height
7 26.88 m3
8 a 48 m3 b Yes
base 9 a 420 m3 b 300
c d 10 a
Length Width Height Volume
height
SA
height 3 cm 2 cm 4 cm 24 cm3
base 6 cm 4 cm 8 cm 192 cm3
base 12 cm 8 cm 16 cm 1536 cm3
3 a 10 cm2 b 24 m2 c 28 cm2 d 24 cm2 24 cm 16 cm 32 cm 12 288 cm3
4 a 14 cm2 b 21 cm2 c 12 cm2 d 33 cm2 b The volume becomes eight (23) times larger.
5 a 48 m2 b 30 m2 c 5 m2 d 36 m2 c i Volume becomes 27 (33) times larger.
6 a 28 cm 2
b 49.5 cm 2
c 31.5 cm2 ii Volume becomes 64 (43) times larger.
d 192 cm 2
e 90 cm 2
f 24 cm2 11 Answers will vary.
g 40 cm2 h 7.83 m2 i 31.025 m2
7 a 20 cm 2
b 60 cm 2
c 24.5 cm2 Exercise 4I
2 2
d 22.5 m e 2.25 mm f 25.11 cm2
8 a i 15 square units ii 15 square units
iii 15 square units 1 a 0.07 L b 0.01428 L c 33.6 L
b Area is the same for all three triangles. 2 648 L
9 8 mm2, 18 cm2, 8 cm, 8 cm, 5 mm 3 169.2 L
10 a 35 cm2 b 36 cm2 c 66.5 cm2 4 416.7 km
d 42 cm2 e 56 m2 f 104.5 mm2 5 Answers will vary.
2 2
g 31.5 cm h 90 m
6 a 0, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 b 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9
Exercise 4J c 11, 13, 21, 23, 45 d 23, 34, 45, 84, 98
Answers
7 a 12, 9, 6, 5, 2, 0 b 24, 17, 15, 12, 9, 8
1 32 624 g c 91, 87, 43, 25, 12 d 87, 56, 54, 24, 23
2 12 750 g 8 a {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} b {4, 5, 6, 7}
3 2.2 kg c {0, 1, 2, 3} d {5, 6, 7}
4 2940 g e {5, 6} f {3, 4, 5}
5 a 7g b 35 g
6 a 7 kg b 4 c 4 d 6, $15 Exercise 5A
e 1.2 kg f $6.98 g
g Flour, 20 kg; biscuits, 7.5 kg; peanuts, 15 kg;
E
Flour is heaviest 1 a Down b Right
7 a 450 kg b 1 c West d 10 minutes late
e 12 km south f 15° below zero
g A rise in temperature of 5°C
Chapter review h 5 years in the future
Short-answer questions i 5 hours earlier j
10°C
1 a m2 b cm3 c tonnes d mL k
24°C l
34°C
2 a 18 cm
3 12 cm2
4 45 cm2
5 168 cm3
6 36 m3
d mL
11 a 2.34 m2
12 14.14 cm
13 62 m2
14 a 6 cm2
b 29 cm
7, 8, 9 No solution
10 a m2 b km2
e kL
b 131 cm2
b 12 cm2
c
f
c
PL cm2
m3
14 m2
2
7
a
d
g
a
b
a
b
a
d
a
d
a

8
100
20
2
7
8°C, 0°C
5.5 m
4.5 m
45
b 5
e
h 5
b 2

e 14
20
{ 1, 2, 12, 20}
{3, 4, 7, 8, 15}
12°C, 8°C, 0°C, 25°C
b 5.5 m
e 8.5 m
b 10 c 80
c 50
f 50
i 12
c 0
c 8m
d 35
M
15 a 6986 cm2 b 3012 m2 8 a
16 a 105 cm3 b 30.24 m3 c 4368 m3
3 Original floor Up or down Floor they stop at
17 250 cm
Ground Up 5 floors 5th
Extended-response questions Level 8 Down 4 floors 4th
1 a 24 m2 b $1440 c $1560 Level 5 Down 6 floors Car park A
d Carpet squares are $120 more expensive. Car park D Up 3 floors Car park A
2 a 45 m2 b 31 m2 c 58 500 L Car park C Up 6 floors 3rd
SA
d 24.375 h
b 5, 12, 1, 1, 3 c Ground floor
Chapter 5 9 A flight of stairs
Do now
1 a 53, 56, 59, 62, 65 Exercise 5B
b 54, 58, 62, 66, 70
c 48, 46, 44, 42, 40
d 45, 40, 35, 30, 25 1 a
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
2 a Left b Up c West
d Close e Below f North b
g more than () −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
3 a 108, 107, 106 b 67, 66, 65 c

c 433, 434, 435 d 299, 300, 301 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
e 701, 700, 699 f 3982, 3983, 3984 d

4 a True b False c True −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3
d False e False f True

5 a 40 b 6 10 c 0 5 2 a
−1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
d 20 30 e 60 6 f 42
Answers 505
b h Start at 3 face positive, move 1 unit

−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4
forwards, 2
Answers
c i Start at 2, face positive, move 2 units
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 +1
0 forwards, 4
d j Start at 2, face positive, move 2 units
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
0 backwards, 4
3 a 1, 2, 3, 4 k Start at 2, face positive, move 2 units
b 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 backwards, 0
c 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, l Start at 2, face positive, move 2 units forwards, 0
d 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 2 a
7 b 10 c 7 d 8
4 a 3, 2, 1, 0, 1 b 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 e
3 f
5 g
2 h 3

d 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
E
c 2, 0, 2, 4, 6 i 1 j 3 k 4 l 6
5 a 74, 70, 66, 62 m 6
n
7 o
6 p 6
b 90, 102, 114, 126 3 a
3 b
7 c
3 d 3
c 73, 68, 63, 58 e
2 f
4 g
4 h 2
d 83, 88, 93, 98 i 0 j 4 k 0 l 0
6 a 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 4 a 5 b 1 c 3 d 1
b 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 e
6 f
10 g
5 h 8
10
c 0, 3, 6, 9, 12
d 0, 8, 16, 24, 32
e 9, 3, 3, 9, 15
f 5, 4, 13, 22, 31
a 3, 2, 1
d
a F
e T

a 5 9
3, 4, 5 e 13, 12, 11

f 18, 19, 20

a {5, 3, 6, 15, 0, 15, 20}
b 5 3, 15, 206
b T
f F
PL
b 6, 5, 4 c 6, 7, 8
c {5, 6, 15}
b 2 4
c T d F
c 3 5
5
6
7
8
9
i
a 9
e
i
m
q 6
u

a 1

a 3°C
10
4
6
1
10
a 4 3 7

4 3 1
j
b 9
f
j
n
r 19
v
b 3

12
1
14
13
10
k
c 7
g
k 0
o

s 33
b i 4°C ii 9°C
a 5 m below water level (5) b 5 m

w 100

2
10
9
l 0
d 7
h 6
l
p 4

t 15
x 20
4 3 1
4 3 7
14
M

d 4 2 e 6 6 f 6 6
4 3 7
4 3 1
g 0 1 h 0 1 i 4 3
4 3 1
4 3 7

11 a 3, 2, 5 b 5, 1, 3
6 2 8
6 2 4
c 4, 2, 7, 10 d 7, 2, 7, 9
6 2 4
6 2 8
e 14, 4, 0, 12 f
6, 5, 0, 1
6 2 8
6 2 4

12 a 4 b 2 c 7 d 3 e 15
6 2 4
6 2 8

e 15 f 4 g9 h 4 i 3 b i and have the same effect
14 Elvis Parsley ii and have the same effect
SA
10 a i 2 ii 2 iii 0
Exercise 5C iv 2 v 3 vi 6
1 a Start at 2, face positive, move 5 units Exercise 5D

forwards, 7
b Start at 2, face positive, move 5 units
backwards, 7 1 a 7 b 9 c 4 d 1

c Start at 2, face positive, move 5 units e 6 f 0 g 2 h
2
i 3 j 0 k 7 l
5
backwards, 3
m 1 n 0 o 9 p
5
d Start at 2, face positive, move 5 units
q 7 r 10 s 2 t
2
forwards, 3
2 a 2 b 1 c 7 d 13
e Start at 3, face positive, move 1 unit
e 2 f 3 g 7 h 18
forwards, 4
i 0 j 4 k 5 l 3
f Start at 3, face positive, move 1 unit
m 14 n 14 o 15 p 13
backwards, 4
q 2 r 3 s 11 t 3
g Start at 3, face positive, move 1 unit
u 1 v 7 w 11 x
2
backwards, 2
3 a 19 b 11 c 3 d 18 7 a 342 b 948 c 74 568 d 2670

e 14 f 19 g 11 h 11 e 17 266 f 2128
g 2618 h 3528
Answers

i 10 j 7 k 21 l 3 i 0 j 33 800 k 18 018 l 50 576

m 7 n 7 o 5 p 10 m 35 964 n 28 404 o 172 190
4 a 11 b 3 c 6 d 3 8 Answers will vary.
e 2 f 7 g 0 h 2 9 a 2 b 2 c 2 d 2
i 0 j 6 k 1 l 26 e 2 f
2 g 2 h 2

m 1 n 4 o 2 p 7 i 2 j 3 k 5 l 8
5 a 3 b 3 c 4 d 4 m 0 n 0 o 0 p 0

6 a 5 b 5 c 2 d 2 10 a Positive b Positive c Negative
7 340 m d Negative e Negative f Positive
E
8 a 373 K b 73 K c 308 K d 0K g Negative h Positive
9 183° 11 a 10°C b 24°C c $2
10 a $70 d $1.80, that a six-seater spa costs three times
b $30, Tim had taken out more money than as much as a two-seater to heat by 1°C
was in the account (overdrawn) 12 a NED 0, MARG 364, CIA 27,
11 a 13, 10, 8, 3 DAVID 1152, AKRAAM 572,
b 15, 8, 5, 3, 0 CORY 132, VICTORIA 46 656
Exercise 5E
2
a
e
i
m
a
e
i
6

6

9
21

6
6
8
b
f
j
n
b
f
j

12
12

0
18

12
12
24
c
g
k
o
c
g
k
PL

20
15
0

15
15
100
30
d 28
h 28
l 28
p 28
d 36
h 14
l 64
1
2
b Answers will vary.
c Answers will vary.
Exercise 5F
a
e
i
m
q
a
4
2

5
5
4
4
b
f
j
n
r
b

5
4
4
4
4
2
c
g
k
o
s
c
4

4

2
5
4
7
d
h
l
p
t
d

2
5
4

4
6
4
M
m 100 n 32 o 26 p 30
3 a
1000 b
800 c 2100 d 600 e 7 f 12 g 6 h 11

e 900 f 1500 g
300 h 240 i 6 j 5 k 12 l 9

i 4200 j 2400 k
300 l 640 m 7 n 4 o 4 p 21

m
1000 n
4000 o 600 p 900 q 5 r 8 s 3 t 5

4 a 10 b 3 c
2 d 100 u 9 v 29 w 9 x 8

e
3 f
11 g
20 h 3 3 a 5 b 7 c 7 d 36

i
120 j 0 k 0 l 0 e 49 f 99 g 1 h 480

i 2 j 4 k 6 l 1000
SA
5 a 24 b 24 c 25 d 28
e
24 f
24 g 42 h 56 4 a 6 b 3 c 4 d 2

i 24 j
24 k
25 l 28 e 5 f 2 g 1 h 2

m 56 n
36 o
27 p 30 i 3
q 300 r 120 s
800 t 840 5 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0

u 2100 v 500 w 42000 x 3500 e 6 f 6 g 6 h 6

6 i 6 j 6 k 6 l 6
7 a

ⴚ ⴚ ⴚ x 10 12 2 0 4 2
ⴛ 8 6 4 ⴚ2 0 2 4 6 8
ⴚ y 5 6 1 0 2 1
8 64 48 32 16 0 16 32
48
64
ⴚ
6 48 36 24 12 0 12 24
36
48
ⴚ
4 32 24 16 8 0 8 16
24
32 b
ⴚ x 10 12 2 0 4 2
2 16 12 8 4 0 4 8
12
16
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y 5 6 1 0 2 1

2 16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16
c
4 32 24 16 8 0 8 16 24 32 x
15
10
5 0 20 25

6 48 36 24 12 0 12 24 36 48
y 3 2 1 0 4 5
8 64 48 32 16 0 16 32 48 64
Answers 507
d
10 a 10 b 18 000 c $120
x 15 10 5 0 20 25 d 6 days e $30
Answers

y 3 2 1 0 4 5 11 a i 10 ii 100 iii 1000

iv 10 000 v 100 000 vi 1 000 000
8 i $250 ii $50 vii 10 000 000 viii 100 000 000

9 2C
11 b
ⴜ 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.00001 0.000001 0.0000001
3 3 30 300 3 000 30 000 300 000 3 000 000 30 000 000
18 18 180 1800 18 000 180 000 1 800 000 18 000 000 180 000 000
ⴚ10 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000 000 10 000 000 100 000 000
E
ⴚ3 3 30 300 3000 30000 300 000 3000000 30 000 000
ⴚ18 18 180 1800 18000 180 000 1800 000 18 000 000 180 000 000
c i The answer becomes larger (approaches d Answer is undefined.

positive infinity). e i positive infinity ii negative infinity
ii The answer becomes smaller (approaches
negative infinity).
Exercise 5G
1 a 5
e 18
i 1
m 6
q 10
u 0
b 5
f 5
j 55
n 12
r 2
v 7
b 6
c 12
g 0
k 46
o 6
s 14
w 5
d 20
h 4
l 2
p 16
t 25
x 9
d 28
PL 13
14
15
16
b
a 7
e
i
a 0

e 32
5
52
−2
b 7
f
j
b
f 8
−1

2
50
12
0 +1
a 9, 4, 2, 1, 0, 2, 5, 6, 7
b 8, 6, 4, 3, 3, 5, 7, 10
a 4 b 9 c 11
c 15
g 3
k 85
c 5
g 8
+2
d
h
l
d

0

7
13
2
M
2 a 2 c 25 h 10
e 50 f 36 g 7 h 34 17 a 1 b 3 c 4

i 8 j 16 k 2 l 49 18 a 15 b 24 c 21 d 72

3 4C e 80 f 450 g 1400 h 120
4 $10 19 a 2 b 5 c 2 d 5
5 a 97m b i 194m ii Site D e 4 f 4 g 4 h 5
c 147m d $2300 e $24 250 20 a 0 b 10 c
4

6 a i 12 ii 4 iii 28 d 13 e 34 f
90

b i 14 correct, 2 incorrect, 4 unanswered
SA
21 a 550 m b $437 c $16

ii 20 incorrect 22 $10 loss
c 11
1 a i $20 ii $30 iii $4
Chapter review b 5 miniatures and 5 full-size dolls
Short-answer questions 2 a 21 mm per decade b $400 000

1 2000 2 c $120 000

3 6, 4, 2, 5, 7 4 ⬇60 000

5 9 6 5
7
15 8 5 Chapter 6
9 a 15 minutes early b 20 km west Do now
c 20°C above zero 1 a 11 b 3 c 16 d 2

10 a 100 b 5 c
4 2 a 10 b 18 c 20 d 2
11 a
2 5 b 50 c 4 7 3

d 4 8
12 a
−3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3
4 a 22 45 b 72 34 c 24 17 ii 9, 14, 19, 24, 29
Answers
d 16 4 e 875 f 5(27 12) e i
5 a 9, 11, 13 b 20, 24, 28 c 25, 30, 35
d 32, 64, 128 e 25, 36, 49
ii 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
Exercise 6A f i
1 a 4, 7, 10, 13, 16
b 5, 12, 19, 26, 33 ii 1, 4, 7, 10, 13
c 96, 93, 90, 87, 84
E
d 100, 92, 84, 76, 68 Exercise 6B
e 5, 10, 20, 40, 80
f 2, 6, 18, 54, 162
g 810, 270, 90, 30, 10 1 a 9, 11; start with 1 and add 2 each time
h 5000, 1000, 200, 40, 8 b 70, 75; start with 50 and add 5 each time
i 5, 11, 23, 47, 95 c 56, 42; start with 112 and subtract 14 each time
4
j
k
l
a
c
d
a
3, 4, 6, 10, 18
5, 12, 26, 54, 110
446, 222, 110, 54, 26
1 1 1
2 , 1, 12 , 2, 22
500, 50, 5, 0.5, 0.05
20, 19.6, 19.2, 18.8, 18.4 PL
b 1, 113, 123, 2, 213
i 1, 5, 13, 29 ii 4, 11, 25, 53 iii 7, 17, 37, 77

iv 10, 23, 49, 101
b i 1, 4, 10, 22 ii 4, 10, 22, 46 iii 7, 16, 34, 70
iv 10, 22, 46, 94
a 2.5, 10.3, 18.1, 25.9, 33.7
b 94.5, 86.1, 77.7, 69.3, 60.9
2
d
e
f
3.8, 3.5; start with 5 and subtract 0.3 each time
7.0, 7.7; start with 4.2 and add 0.7 each time
3.3, 3.1; start with 3.9 and subtract 0.2 each
time
g 212, 3; start with 21 and add 21 each time
h 123, 2; start with 31 and add 31 each time
i 112, 1; start with 312 and subtract 21 each time
a 16, 32; start with 1 and multiply by 2 each time
b 112, 224; start with 7 and multiply by 2 each
time
c 4, 2; start with 64 and divide by 2 each time
d 2500, 12500; start with 20 and multiply by 5
M
c 5, 13, 33.8, 87.88, 228.488 each time
d 254, 30.48, 3.6576, 0.438 912, 0.052 669 44 e 0.214, 0.0214; start with 214 and divide by
e 964, 1205, 1506.25, 1882.8125, 2353.515 625 10 each time
5 a 15, 16, 17; 26 b 5, 10, 15; 60 f 2.7, 8.1; start with 0.1 and multiply by 3 each
c 22, 26, 30; 66 time
6 a i 3 a 16, 21, 31, 36 b 25, 31
c 20, 12, 8 d 44, 32, 28
e 27, 81, 729 f 4, 16, 64
SA
g 2000, 250, 125 h 600, 300, 75

4 a 21, 25, 29 b 64, 128, 256
ii 4, 9, 14, 19, 24 c 8, 5, 2 d 12 500, 62 500, 312 500
b i e 33, 40, 47 f 46, 37, 28
g 20, 10, 5 h 0.315, 0.0315, 0.003 15
i 3240, 9720, 29 160
j 5.5, 6.3, 7.1 k 31, 61, 121
ii 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 l 0.0002, 0.00002, 0.000002
c i 5 a 36 b 48 c 77
6 a 68, 132 b 5
7 a i
ii 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . .
ii 6, 13, 20, 27, 34 iii Start with 3 and add 3 each time.
d i b i
Answers 509
ii 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 d Every 3rd number is a multiple of 2; every

iii Start with 3 and add 2 each time. 4th is a multiple of 3; every 5th is a multiple
Answers
c i of 5 etc.
Exercise 6C
ii 11, 18, 25, 32, 39
iii Start with 11 and add 7 each time. 1 a Multiply a number by 6 and add 3.
8 a i b Multiply a number by 8 and add 2.
c Multiply a number by 5 and subtract 1.
d Multiply a number by 7 and subtract 2.
E
e Multiply a number by 1 and add 4.
2 a 6x 3 y b 8x 2 y c 5x 1 y
ii 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 d 7x 2 y e x 4 y
iii Start with 3 and add 2 each time. 3 In general, (x 3)2 6x 8.
b i x1 2
x2 5
ii 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, . . .

PL
ii 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, . . .
iii Start with 4 and add 4 each time.
i
iii Start with 4 and add 4 each time.

1
2
a
c
e
a
x3
x4
Exercise 6D
cm2
10
17 i.e. one more than a square
number, so if Tom’s answer was
50, his number was 250 1 7
m 2 t 1
t 3 s 2
b
d
f
b3r
m 2 t
c 3 t 2
M
d i
Number of Number of Number of

triangles matches pattern
1 3 31
SA
ii 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, . . . 2 6 32

iii Start with 5 and add 4 each time. 3 9 33
9 a i 4 12 34
5 15 35
d m3t e 30
ii 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, . . . 3 a m6h b m4c
iii Start with 2 and add 4 each time. 4 a i
b iii Start with 2 and add 2 each time. Term number Number of tiles
10 Answers will vary. 1 3
11 a 21, 34, 55, 89, 144 2 5
b 2, 4, 7, 12, 20, . . . The sums are one less 3 7
than the numbers in the sequence itself. The 4 9
differences between the sums are the 5 11
numbers of the sequence. ii t2n1 iii 25
c Fibonacci sequence. It occurs in spirals of
sunflowers and pineapples and many flower
petal patterns.
b i c x y d a b
Term number Number of tiles
Answers
1 5 3 15 6 28
2 9 4 18 7 33
3 13 5 21 8 38
4 17 6 24 9 43
5 21 7 27 10 48
ii 4n1 iii 49 e m n f v w
5 a m 2 n 1, 21 1 7 3 2
b m 2 n 2, 22 3 15 7 10
6 a 8 35 12 20
E
Shape of pattern r b 10 43 20 36
1 5 12 51 32 60
2 a
x 1 2 3 4 5
2 6 y 8 11 14 17 20
b
7
b br4
a
Number of floats
c
PL
3
24
Number of motorcycles
7
8
3 a
b
x
y
Customer’s cost
Customer’s cost 120

100
80
60
40
4
27
5
33
Shoe manufacturer’s costs 10 20 30 40

40 60 80 100
6
39
7
45
8
51
M
1 4 20
2 6 0
3 8 10 20 30 40 50
4 10 Shoe manufacturer’s cost
5 12
c $70
d c 2m 20
b m2f2 c 102
4 a Ms Neater’s costs 10 20 30 40
8 a
v 2 3 4 5
SA
Customer’s cost 40 60 80 100

s 4 8 12 16
b
b s 4v 4 120
c i 36 ii 9
Customer’s cost
100
d 62 boards and 200 shelves
80
60
Exercise 6E 40
20
1 a b 0
p q x y 10 20 30 40 50
6 18 4 6 Ms Neater’s costs
7 20 5 8
10 26 6 10 c $90 d c 2(n 10)
15 36 7 12 5 a Distance travelled 1 2 3 4
20 46 8 14
Taxi fare 4.30 6.10 7.90 9.70
Answers 511
b b
Answers
15 120
12.5 100
Taxi fare 10 80
Cost
7.5 60
5 40
2.5 20
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 2 4 6 8 10
Distance travelled Packets of cards
E
c $24.10 d c 1.8k 2.5
c $170 d c 10p 20
6 a Time 1 2 3 4 9 a Time 1 2 3 4 5
Cost 1550 1600 1650 1700
Cost 28 36 44 52 60
b
1750 b
80
1700
1650
PL Cost
60
Cost
40
1600
20
1550
0
1500 1 2 3 4 5
0 Time
1 2 3 4 5
Time
c $84 d c 8b 20
10 a i $360 ii $615
b c 360 85x
c $1750 d c 50h 1500 c $785 d 9 nights
7 a Time 2 4 6 8 10 e i $450 ii $950
M
Cost 8 14 20 26 32 f
b
36 Exercise 6F
32
28
1 i
24 a b c d e
x y1 y2 y3 y4 y5
Cost
20
SA
3 9 3 6 0 3
16
2 7 1 5 1 3
12
1 5 1 4 2 3
8 0 3 3 3 3 3
4 1 1 5 2 4 3
0 2 1 7 1 5 3
2 4 6 8 10 3 3 9 0 6 3
Time
c $15.50 d c 3t 2
8 a Packets of cards 2 4 6 8 10
Cost 40 60 80 100 120
ii ii y
Answers
3
a c b d
2
x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
1
E
3
iii Same: All lines cut y-axis at 3. Different: iii Same: All lines have same slope, i.e. are
All have different slopes. parallel. Different: all cut the y-axis at
2 i different places.
a b c d e f
4 i
ii
x
3 8
2 5
1 2
0
1
2
3
y1
1
4 1
7 3
10 5
y2
7
5
3
1
y3
b3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
y
PL
y4
0.5 1.75
a
0 1.5
1 1
y5
0.5 1.25
1.5 0.75
2 0.5
2.5 0.25
ii
x
3 1
2 2
1 3
0 4
1 5
2 6
y1
3 7 1
y2
5
4
3
2
1
0
y3
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
y4
3
2
1
0
M
e 2
c 1
x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
d
−1
−2
SA
−3

iii Same: All lines cut y-axis at 1. Different:
iii Same: All lines have the same slope, i.e. are
All have different slopes.
parallel. Different: All cut the y-axis at
3 i
a b c d different places.
x y1 y2 y3 y4 5 i
x y1 y2 y3 y4
3 3 7 6 9
3 1.5 4.5 2.5 2.5
2 1 5 4 7
2 1 4 2 3
1 1 3 2 5
1 0.5 3.5 1.5 3.5
0 3 1 0 3
0 0 3 1 4
1 5 1 2 1
1 0.5 2.5 0.5 4.5
2 7 3 4 1
2 1 2 0 5
3 9 5 6 3
3 1.5 1.5 0.5 5.5
Answers 513
ii 8 Answers will vary.

Answers
Exercise 6G
1 a yx2 b yx1
c y2x d y3x
e ba3 f xw1
g kj2 h ba2
i dc5 j b5a
k y2x5 l q3p1
E
m y2x3 n b2a2
o y3x1 p b5a2
q y3x7 r b5a2
iii Same: All lines have the same slope, i.e. are s y4x3 t b3a6
parallel. Different: all cut the y-axis at 2 a y 3 x 2, 62
different places. b b 4 a 1, 79
6 i c g 5 f 1, 101
ii
y
3 3
2 3
1 3
0 3
1 3
2 3
3 3
x1 x2
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
x3
PL x4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
6
d y 3 x 5, 145
e b 3 a 2, 38, 152
f z 2 w 1, 19, 59
g y 4 x 3, 83, 203
h n 5 m 3, 147, 497
t 1.5 n
t 1.2 n
h 2 n 2, 10
a i 7
b
ii 9
Number of triangular Number of square

tiles, t tiles, s
M
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9
6 11
c s 2 t 1
SA
d i 49 ii 99
7 a
Numbers of Number of faces
blocks, b to be painted, N
iii Same: All lines are vertical and parallel.
1 5
Different: All cut the x-axis at different places.
2 8
7
3 11
4 14
5 17
6 20
y y
b 20 4 a i ii
6 5
Answers
Number of faces to be painted (n)
18 5 4
4 midpoint (3, 4) 3
16 3
2
1
2 x
14 1
O
1 23 4
–1
x –2 midpoint
12 O
1 2 3 4 5 6 –3 (2, –1)
–4
10 –5
–6
8 –7
6 y y
iii iv
4 5 6
4 5
2 3
E
4
2 3
1 midpoint
midpoint (1, 0) 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x (–4, 3)
1
O
–2 –1
–1 1 2 3 4 x
Number of blocks (b) –2 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
O
–3
c n 3 b 2 d 32 –4
–5
b i (4, 3)
Exercise 6H ii (3, 1) iii (0, 2) iv (5, 1)
2
A (2, 3),
School
Park
Farm
B (4, 4),
Town hall
C (1, 1), D (3, 2),
E (2, 1), F (4, 2),G ( 4, 4),H (1, 2),
I (2, 4), J (4, 3), K (5, 1), L (5, 1),
M (2, 1),
Place
N (2, 4)
Coordinates
(2, 1)
(6, 2)
(5, 3)
(0, 2)
PL 5
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
–2
0
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x
M
Golf course (4, 6) –3
–4
Museum (4, 4) –5
Gym (4, 6) –6
–7
Shops (2, 1) –8
–9
Police (2, 0) –10
Hospital (6, 4) –11
–12
–13
3 a y
–14
7 –15
SA
6
5
4
3
2 6 a y
14
1 stranded driver
x 12
O
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1–1 1 2 34 5 6 7 10
8
–2
6
–3 road search
4
–4
2
–5 x
–6 O
10 8 6 4 2
2 2 4 6 8 10
–7
4
6
8 helicopter
y
b 10
12
7 14
6
5
4
3
2 b Yes, helicopter c (2, 6)
1
x
O
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1–1 1 2 34 5 6 7
–2
–3
–4
Answers 515
Chapter review 2 a
Number of cuts Number of slices
Answers
Short-answer questions 1 2
1 7, 12, 17, 22, 27 . . . 2 4
2 3, 7 15, 31 . . . 3 6
3 3, 5, 9, 17, . . . 4 8
4 42, 40, 38 . . . 5 10
5 6, 9, 12 . . .
b
6 66, 61, 41, 36 . . . 10
Number of slices
7 5, 7, 9, 11 . . . 8
8 yx51
9 b3a2 6
E
10 y9x3 4
11 a
2
b 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, . . .
c Start with 5 and add 4 each time. 0 1 2 3 4 5
d Number of matches 4 number of Number of cuts
shape 1 c s2c d 20
12
13
14
a
b
a
a
i m5n1
i 2n4
x
y
7
31
Out In 3, 13
1 a
8
35
b
In
ii 51
ii 24
Out
1
3
2
4
PL
3
5
9
39
4
6
10
43
5
7
20
47
b 5 a, 250
Chapter 7
Do now
1
2
3
4
5
6
a
a
a
a
a
0.5,
2, 3
6
1
6
3
4
3 32
4 , 37 ,
b
b
b
b
2, 5, 7
16
2
3
134
1.6, 2, 2.01
c
c
c
c
2
4
1
3
2
3
d
d
41
112
M
Term number Number of tiles Exercise 7A
1 5
2 8 3
3 11 1 a 6 , three-sixths b 34, three-quarters
4
4 14 c 8 , four-eighths
5 17 9
d 25 , nine-twenty fifths
55
e 100 , fifty-five one-hundredths
16
SA
6
f 12 , six-twelfths g 123 , three-twelths
14 2 4
h 8 , two-eighths i 10 , four-tenths
12 1 3 3
Number of tiles (t)
2 a 2 b 4 c 5
10 d 5
e 4
f 6
12 7 10
8 4 2 5
g 7 h 3 i 8
6 3 a 112 b 134 c 145 d 212

4 e 234 f 1105 g 1 h 323
2
4 a
b
0
c
1 2 3 4 5
Term number (n) d
e
f
c t3n2 d 80 g
h
8 7 9 8 a
6 a 5 b 3 c 7
Answers
31 30 25
d 9 e 11 f 6
7 a Proper fraction b Mixed number
b
c Whole number d Improper fraction
e Proper fraction f Improper fraction
g Proper fraction h Improper fraction
8 c
E
12 4 ; 12 3 ; 12 3 12 ; 12 12; 127 12 121 ;
3 1 4 1 5 1 1 6
9
12 3 3 ; 12 4 4 4 ; 12 12 13; 11
12
8 1 1 9 1 1 1 10
2 3 12 ; 12 1
1 1 1 12 Exercise 7C
Exercise 7B 1 a 3 k 15
4 20
2
a 5
e 6
i 20
c
e
g
i
b 8
f 15
j 15
10 15 20 25
12 , 18 , 24 , 30
12 18 24 30
22 , 33 , 44 , 55
6 9
10 , 15 ,
12
20 ,
c 4
g 14
k 6
(There are other acceptable answers.)
a 2 3 4 5
6 , 9 , 12 , 15
6 9 12 15
8 , 12 , 16 , 20
15
25
b
d
f
h
j
d
h
l
4
10 ,
4
14 ,
6
20 ,
8
18 ,
18
16 ,
PL 6
15 ,
6
21 ,
9
30 ,
12
27 ,
27
24 ,
8
20 ,
8
28 ,
12
40 ,
16
36 ,
36
32 ,
10
25
10
35
15
50
20
45
45
40
6
21
48
b
d
0
0
3
10
3
8
5
6
1
1
l
n
0
0
0
0 1
3
4
1
1
1
15
1
12
10
M
8 12 16 20 10 15 20 25 o
k 14 , 21 , 28 ,
l 35 24 , 36 , 48 , 60 e
11 5
3 a 3, 10, 36, 16, 500 16 28
b 10, 6, 20, 25, 12
0 1 0 1 2 3
c 12, 4, 40, 11, 100
d 30, 91, 7000, 33, 7700 f 9
p 7
14 4
e 12, 15, 25, 60, 750
1 2 1 0 1 0 1 2
4 a 2 b 7 c 3
SA
4 3 1
d 3 e 2 f 3 g 2 q 2
15
3
3 9 2
g 5 h 2 i 3
2 1 3 0 1 0 1 2
j 5 k 4 l 10 h r
2 3 4 6 10 3 4
29
5 a 4, 6, 8, 12
b c none
12 5
5 10 12
6 a 10, 20 b 106 , 20
0 1 0 1 2 3
7 a Answers will vary.
b i i 2 s 7
7 18
Count by 2s 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0 1 0 1 2
Count by 5s 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 j t
5 3
10 35
ii
0 1 0 1 2 3 4
Count by 2s 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Count by 3s 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Answers 517
2 a d 1 1 2
3 7 2 8
& 12 3 a 3 b 2 c 11 d 0
4 8 3
Answers
1 3
e 0 f 8 g 10 h 0
0 1 0 1
b e 4 a 2114 b 115 c 123 d 8138
1 3
114 138
5 10
e 212 f 53 g 45 h 2
3
0 1 0 1 5 a Rugby, soccer then hockey

c f 6 3
4
10 & 2
5 118 148 2 4 1 134 1 223
1
4 114 214 3 5
3
1
3
0 1 0 1
112 134 1
2
2
3 213 2
3 a 1 1 1 2 3
0 4 3 2 3 4 1
E
b 1 3 7 1 3
0 4 8 16 2 4 1 Exercise 7F
c
7 3 4 9
3 5 19 1
0 10 4 5 10 1 1 a 4 b 8 c 20 d 112
9 19 39 4 31
d e 10 f 28 g 35 or 135 h 18
0
5
6
7
1
6
i
1
2
7
80
Exercise 7D
0
3
10
5
9
2
5
ii
7
9
No,
1
2
5 104
1
PL 8
6
4
3
2
13
123 145 2
2 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a
e
a
3
8
1
12
334
a 5104 or 525
d 5314
a
a
a
2334
minutes
5
6
3187
378
b
b
f
b
b
b
1
2
1
6
256
b 511
119
22
156
40
e 32301
2107
c
g
c
c
c
c
3
8
7
15
379
516
3315
26
359
c 1113
d
h
d
d
d
2
9
4
15
1121
5956
412
M
9 31 m
1 a b c d 10 94214 bucket loads
e f g h
i j k l
2 a b c d Exercise 7G
e f g h
1 1 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 7 3 4 2 7 4
3 a b c
6 5 10 7 4 7 4 5 3 10 8 7 3 10 5
1 a 1 4
3
b 5 4
9 c 2 6
7
3 28 2 36
SA
2 5 2 5 9 3 2 5 3 7 7 13 8 13 11
d 5 8 3 6 10 e 11 3 7 4 8 f 5 7 3 4 2 d 4 e 3
2 7 11 3 2 4 2 Answers will vary.
4 a 3, 8, 4 b 8, 5, 7
2 21 13 7 15
3 a 43 b 20
9 229 c 12
7 157
c 5, 10, 4 d 13 , 12 , 2, 315 d 844 21 e 24
5 a 4 a 2 b 112 c 225
a The sides of the new triangle are half the d 211 e 212 f 319
12
length of the sides of the original triangle. 5 a 4 b 70 c 28
c Answers will vary. d 9 e 24 f 9
g 27 cents h 33 cents i $90
j $25 k $144 l $450
Exercise 7E 6 a 14 b 21
7 a 191 b 80 bars
4 5 5 8 b $84
1 a 5 b 7 c 9 d 1 9 a 160 b 6712 c 192
12 2 1
e 1 f 17 g 15 h 13 d 48 e 54 minutes
8 4 32 10 1.5 kg
i 11 j 7 k 2 l 81
11 1697.28
2 a 3 b 345 c 5
d 279 e 5 f 1116
9 12
Exercise 7H a 85, 23, 56, 113 3
123, 135, 213
10 b 10 ,
Answers
12 3
3 4 1
11 a 5 b c 1421 d 43
72
1 1 1
2 a 18 b 28 c 45 12 a 335 b 17265
c 6
d 15
8 3 5 35 72
d 15 e 14 f 14 9
g 4
h 35 e 14 f 319 g 2
21 h 20
45 72
7
1 1 1 2 i 16 j 113
3 a 6 b 8 c 7 d 5
19
5 4 7 2 13 60
e 22 f 21 g 40 h 15
21 16 7 1
4 a 110 b 35 c 120
14 a 60 b $46
1 1 9
d 56 e 4 f 50
1 1 1 Extended-response questions
E
g 2 h 12 i 10
5 a 623 b 745 c 729 1 a 10
35 27 b 25
35 57 c 35
35 1
6 a 1151 b 48
49 c 1121 2 a 26 b 0.0833 ha (h) or 1
12 ha (h) c 1
417
7 a 418 b 32324 c 4127
d 745 e 1269 88 f 225 Chapter 8
g 163977 h 79
129140 Do now
8 223
27 cans a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
9
10
1
2
3
A 1, B 35, C 25, D 103
a One-quarter b Four years from today
Exercise 7I
a
a
a
e
6
1
8
1
35
b
b
b
f
20
1
6
112
14
c
c
c
g
PL
24
1
10
1
2
9
d
d
h
4
1
5
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
b 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
c 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
d 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28
e 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
a b
a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
b 2, 4, 6
a 13 b 13
a 21
d 1
a 54
7
c
c 3, 6
c 26
b 31
e 41
b 43
e 25
d
d
c
f
c

4
2
3
1
250
1
2
e
e

12
M
36 15 40 33 d 100
1 1 5 11 3 3
i 2 j 6 k 6 l 18 7 a 25 b 20 c 403 d 2
7 e 21
1000
m 212 n 138 o 113 8 a 1

2 b 1
4 c 1
3 d 4
3
4 a 412 b 223 c 113

15 d 15
44
e 8
f 4
g 2365 h 125 Exercise 8A
35 33
i 225 j 113 k 7
8 l 3
4
5 7 1 a 0.22 b 0.38 c 0.2 d 0.8

SA
24 1
6 10 paddocks 2 a 150 b 67
3 60
7 4212 scoops 4 a i 16 ii 160 iii 40
8 3 bags, 234 kg b i 26 ii 364 iii 286
9 24 meals 5 a 5 b 8 c 17 d 167
10 21191 cm 6 60
7 a 1 red, 2 blue, 1 yellow, 2 green
Chapter review b 1 red, 1 blue, 1 yellow, 3 green
8 a 12 or 13 b 12 or 13 c 5
Short-answer questions
6 9 12 15 18
d 10 e 0 f 10
1 some of the possible answers 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 9 a i 81 ii 207 iii 203
2 158
b The die could be biased because the theoretical
3 24
1 probability should be close to 16 for rolling a 1,
4 2
3
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. But the probability for rolling
5 8 14
a 3 is 40 which is a lot higher than 61.
7 5
2 1 1
6 10 a i 30 ii 403
11
7 30 b i 167 ii 375
1
8 2 c i 1169 ii 2625
Answers 519
11 No, we would expect only 1 out of every 12

children to select the silver marble.
Exercise 8C
Answers
12 a i 145 ii 212 iii 16 iv 218
b No. This statement is based on only one car 1 a Toss 1 Toss 2 Outcome
park in New Zealand. Further investigation B B, B
in the form of a sample would need to be B
taken over New Zealand. G B, G
13 a v B G, B
b iii G
c vi G G, G
d i b 4
E
e ii 1 1 3 3
c i 4 ii 2 iii 4 iv 4
f iv 2 a Spin 1 Spin 2 Outcome
There could be more than one answer, e.g.
1 1, 1
spinner; b could also be matched with ii.
1 2 1, 2
3 1, 3
1 2, 1
Exercise 8B
4
a
d
a
b
a
e
1
2
3
7
1
5
1
13
i 83
a 2, 3, 4, 5
b
e
ii 21
b 71
f 32
1
6
1
3
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
15
b A {1}
c P(A ) 45, P(A
) 15
c
iii
c
g
PL1
4
1
4
1
12
1
2
d 1
100 3
b
c
a
9
i
1
9
2
ii
Toss 1 Toss 2 Toss 3
H
2
3
1
2
3
5
9
H
H
T
H
2, 2
2, 3
3, 1
3, 2
3, 3
iii
8
9 iv
4
9
M
5 a 61 b 65 c 13 T
d 21 e 0 f 1 T
H
6 a i 256 ii 103 iii 15 iv 1
2 H
b Chocolates, chips, marbles, yo-yos T
T H
7 a 92 b 91 c 49 d 4
9 T
8 a 131 b 41 c 12 d 3
13 T
12 10
e 13 f 13 g 521 h 3
26 b i
1
ii
3
iii
1
8 8 2
i 134 j 138 k 52 51
1 7
iv v
SA
9 0.15 8 8
10 1 4 a
4
11 a H b T c P(A ) 12, P(A
) 12 Chocolate cake
2 Steak
12 3 Apple pie
1 Chocolate cake
13 6
Shrimp Chicken
14 a i 201 ii 101 iii 14 iv 25 v 53
Apple pie
b Unchanged as her chance of winning a prize Chocolate cake
with 20 or 30 boxes remains 0.4. Lamb
1
15 a 400 b 801 c 161 d 80 Apple pie
16 a 1 blue, 2 red, 3 white (equal sectors) Chocolate cake
b 2 blue, 3 white, 1 red, 2 black sectors (equal Steak
Apple pie
sectors) Chocolate cake
17 a i 141 ii 285 iii 283 iv 281 Spring rolls Chicken
1 25 9 1 Apple pie
b i 196 ii 784 iii 784 iv 784
c 1 5 1
i 378 ii 189 iii 126 iv 0, you can’t draw out Chocolate cake
Lamb
two tiles as there is only one in the game. Apple pie
d The probabilities increase. 1 1 1
e Only when there are two tiles left, or if b i 12 ii 3 iii 6
choosing 2 blank tiles from 4 in total
4 2 1 8 1
5 a 9 b 9 c 27 d 27 5
Answers
1 1 3 13
6 a 16 b 4 c 8
1 1
1
d e 6
4 16 3
7 a 3
Number of heads Frequency 7
13
0 2 1 5 1
8 a b c d 0
1 15 2 8 2
9 45
2 20
10 16
3 12
E
11 a 1st toss 2nd toss 3rd toss Outcome
4 1
H HHH
Total 50 H
T HHT
1 3 2
H H HTH
b i 25 ii 10 iii 5 T
6 1 T HTT
iv 25 v 50 H THH
c
T
H
H
T
T
H
H
T
T
PL H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
HHHH
HHHT
HHTH
HHTT
HTHH
HTHT
HTTH
HTTT
THHH
THHT
THTH
THTT
TTHH
TTHT
TTTH
12
13
b i 8
a 15
1
ii 8
T
iii 8
H
1
iv 8
b An odd number; there are 8 odd and 7 even
a
numbers. P(odd) 158
i
v
i 1
0
1
15 ii
vi 1
ii
2
15
0.5
T
H
T
iii
7
6
15
THT
TTH
TTT
iv
7
4
15
M
T TTTT
1 1 3 iii 0.4 iv 0.525
d i 16 ii 4 iii 8
1 1 b 0.525 c 50%
iv 4 v 16 14 a False b True
e Answers will vary. c True d False
8 a 181 b 61 c 12 d 61 e 13 15 a i 6 ii 10
1 1 15
f 2 g 3 h 18 i 13 b 44, 53, 35
9 a Probability tree
SA
c i 0
b Probability tree 2
The second tree has fewer branches, because the ii 9
1 3
number of counters in the bag changes to 4 once 16 a i 5 ii 96 b i 20 iv 72
the first counter is taken out. The numbers of
17
each counter depends on what colour was chosen 17 a i 100 ii 0.17
first.
11
b i 50 ii 0.22
Chapter review c i 7
40 ii 0.175
Short-answer questions 3
1 40 d i 20 ii 0.15
3 29
2 or 0.3 e i 200 ii 0.145
10
5 f i 7
ii 0.14
3 50
11
3
4
13
Answers 521
Extended-response questions 5 a y
Answers
1 5
4
Number of NBA Estimated 3
Team final wins Probability 2
1
of a win
3 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
San Antonio 3
20
3 b y
Chicago 6 12
10
11
3 10
Detroit 3
E
20 9
8
1 7
Houston 2 6
10 5
1 4
Miami 1 3
20 2
1 1
LA Lakers 5
2
Total
b
c
a
Chicago
i
3
80
ii
3
10
iii
2
5
20
iv
13
80
PL
The prediction is based only on past results.
The winner is dependent on many other
factors such as what condition the teams are
in etc., though there are a couple of teams
who have won more times than others.
v
1
10
4
Exercise 9A
2
3
a
e
i
a
a
x3
3d
t 5
n5
mn
O 1 2 3 4 5 6
b
f
j
b
b
2m
a 10
x
ab c b3 d x4

g n3
n 3 c 2n
m n p c 2m
m5
h x2
d n2
f p3
M
b i 9 or 10 ii 75 iii 100 d mp e
p m
iv 40 or 41 v 25 g 3 h n
3 a i 35 ii 65
4 a 2m
n b 2m n c c 3y
b No
c It appears that an odd number is more likely. d 4b 5 e 2z 3 f 5n 3
a b p q
The die could be weighted so that players are g 6a 4 h 3 i 2
more likely to lose the game.
5 a The sum of a and 2.
b The difference of p and 2.
SA
Chapter 9 c 2 is decreased by w.
Do now d x is multiplied by 3.
e c is divided by 5.
1 a 2, 5, 0, 3 b 4, 1, 8, 0
f 5 is divided by x.
2 a 3, 5, 6, 11 b 1, 7, 0, 4
g f is doubled, then divided by 3.
3 I(1, 5), J(6, 6), K(6, 3), L(4, 3), M(3, 4), N(0, 4),
h The sum of a and b is divided by c.
O(0, 0), P(1, 2)
6 a wm b w2 c m3
4 y p
5 7 3
4 8 a 2d b dp
3 9 a xy b 5x c 100 x
w
2 d 1.8s e 1.4h f 2
1 g 8t
O
10 a i 20x ii 50 b i 480
n ii $10 more
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 x
–1
11 a a
2 b a5 c Concession by $3
12 a x 12 b x 14 c x 6
d 4x e 2x 4 f x 5
13 a 7x b 30x c 7x 9 a 5x b 4a c 4x d 3z

d 3x2 e 104x2 f 40x2 e 5x f 2x g 2y h 3x
Answers
14 a iii, iv, vi b Answers will vary. i 4x j x k 2x1
l 2x1
c x 2, x 4, x 6 m 5xy n 2mn o 10 p 4
d x 1, x 3, x 4 q 13 r 4 s 4y t 6
e x 1, x 2, x 3 10 a 1 b a1 c 2a1 d 0
f x 1, x 2, x 3 e b f b g 2a h 8x
11 a b7 b r6 c h8 d e4
e d5 f t2 g a2
Exercise 9B 12 There is an infinite number of answers; these are
examples:
a a 4, b 5, c 16
E
1 a 3mn b 4ab c 2bc d 3xy
b a 3, b 6 c a 6, b 2, c 3
e 4xy f 5xy g 5ab h 4ab
13 c, f, g, h, i, j, k
i x j x k 2x l 2x
14 a i 15abc ii 30abc
m 2abc n 2abc o 5abc p 5abc
b i2 ii The second box is double the first.
2 a 5ab b 5ab c 5ab d 5ab
15 a i 36x2 ii 576x2
e 5ab f 5ab g 5ab h 5ab
b 16 c i 4 ii 64 d 18x e 8x
3
4
a
d
g
j
m
p
s
a
d
g
j
m
15n
12x
20st
14xy
3ab
30ab
30bc
y2
a2
a2
3b2
6k2
6b2
b 32x
e 18x
h 21ab
k 15mn
n 5xy
q 30xy
t 24abc
b b2
e x2
h x 2
k 5d
n 12m2
2
q 15m n2
PL
c 14y
f 21x
i 30xy
l 36xy
o 3pq
r 24cd
u 42mnp
c d2
f z2
i 2a2
l 3y2
o 15z2
r 15m2n
1
2
Exercise 9C
a
e
i
m
a
d
g
9m
4x
9ab
5x2
3w
2x
9ab
b 4a
f 4x
j 5xy
n x2
b 8x
e x
h 6mn
c 2a
g 2a
k 6mn
o 3m2
c 3a
f 19x
i 2xy
d
h
l
p
14a
3x
2mn
ab2
M
p
s 8ab2 t 12fg 2 j x2y k 2a2b l 2a2
5 a 3a 1 b 3b 5 c 5 2w 3 a 5b 2a b x5
d 7 2a e 4 3y f 2 5k c 6b 4 d 7x 3y
g 3b 4 h 4g 5 i 2a 3 e 4a 2 f 7m 3n
j 5t 1 k 3a 5b l 3b 2d g 11ab a h 7xy x
m 2m 3n n 5w 3t o 2y 3z i 6a2b 5ab
4 a 6a 6b b 6x 6y
6 a a
b a
c a4
4 4
c 3a 2 d 11x 3
SA
d a4 e 4
a f 3
y e 2b 4a f 9x y
g 5b h 3x i 7x g 5p 3q h 2m 6p
i 3x 2x2 j 2x2
j 2
a k 2
y l 5y 5 a iii and iv are true
o 3x
2x 2 2
m 3 n 3x 6 a a6 b a 3 c a3
p
2x
3 q
5a
2 r
3
2v
d a4 e a 13 f a8
s
3x
t 5y2 u
7ab g a4 h a3 i a6
5 3
5
3mn 3m j a 13 k a6 l a 23
v 4xy w 2 x 2n
6m mn 6n m a 4, b 6 n a 3, b 12
7 a n b 6 c m
o a 15, b 2 p a 2, b 4
d
3n
m e 6mn f mn6
q a 2, b 16 r a 4, b 4
8 a 3a b 4x c 3a d 2m
e a
f a
g b2 h d4 7 a 10w 5n b 13w 6n
3 6
i 3a j a
3 k a2 l a3 c Team A, 35; team B, 47; team B won
m 2ab n ab
4 o ab4 p 2xy
3 8 a i 20 x ii x
4 iii 20 x
3
q 3 r 4 s 1
t 2
2
b ab4
u 3
4 v 32 w 2a
3 x 2
3
Answers 523
9 a i 3 a b c
b x m
Answers
Number
of
3 4 4
rectangles
(n) Shape Perimeter
1 2x 4 d e f
n 2f 4b
2 4x 4
3 6x 4 3 3 5
4 8x 4
g h
E
a ii
4a 5y
Number
of 3 3
rectangles
(n) Shape Perimeter
4 a b1 b n1 c x1
1 2x 4
d p1 e a2 f x2
c
d
i
ii
i
i
2
3
4
Perimeter 2nx 4
Perimeter 2x 4n
PL 2x 8
2x 12
2x 16
20x 4, 2x 40 ii 40x 4, 2x 80
Widths together ii Widths together
5
6
g
j
a
d
g
j
a
d
g
h2
2x
2(x 5)
5(3w 2v) e
h 2g h
k 2a
b 2(4b 3)
3(2 5x)
4(2c 3d) h 5(x 2y)
6(3p 4q) k 8(3a 2)
2m 2n
4m 4
xy 7x
b 3x 3y
e 20 5x
h ab 8a
i
l
c
f
i
2a
4x
4(3n 2m)
4(2 3a)
4(4b 3a)
l 12(3x 2y)
c
f
3a 12
8x 8y
M
7 a 2(ab 1) b 5(xy 1) c 2(ab 2)
Exercise 9D
d 7(mn 2) e 3(bc 3) f 6(gh 2)
g 4(3ab 2) h 6(4bd 3) i 3a(b 2)
1 a 3x 3y 3(x y)
j 4a(b 3) k 3b(4a 3) l 5(3xy 2)
b 4a 4a 4b 4(2a b)
c c(a b) ac bc m 2b(4a 3) n 4g(h 2) o 4a(2b 1)
d 2a(b a) 2ab 2a2 p 2m(18n 1) q 8b(3 2d) r 5d(5 2b)
2 a s 4xy(3z 2) t mp(8n 1)
SA
3x 8 a a(a 2) b p(p 3) c x(x 1)

d d(d 1) e d(d 3) f a(a 5)
y 2 g y(y 1) h v(v 1) i x(3 x)
b j b(5 b) k q(1 q) l x(1 x)
y
m x(5 x) n a(6 a) o h(1 h)
p x(1 x) q d(5 d) r a(3 a)
3x
s w(1 w) t a (1 a) u x(x 4)
2 v u(u 5) w s(s 1) x y(2y 1)
9 a 2x(1 x) b 3x(1 x) c 3(a2 1)
c
d 5(a 3)
2
e 5m(1 m) f 6n(1 n)
x
g 4x(x 1) h y(5y 4) i 2x(x 2)
x y j 3a(a 1) k 3x(1 2x) l 2x(1 2x)
m 2a(2 3a) n 8a(3 2a) o 4w(3 2w)
p 3t(3 4t) q 2x(5x 2) r 5x(4x 3)
s 7x(2x 1) t 5b(2 3b) u 4a(3a 4)

Exercise 9F
Answers
v 7u(3u 2) w 3s(3s 4) x 5y(3y 2)
10 a 2(b 1) b 4( p 2)
1 a x9 b a9 c x3
c 4m(2 3n) d 2(x 1) d x 1 e w3 f a3
e 10(y 2) f 6(3n 2) 1 1
g a5 h a i x7
g 5(2n 3) h 3(x 1) 2 3
2 a The last digit follows the same pattern of 2,
i 9(y 2) j 5(3x 4) 4, 8, 6. So 219 would end in 8.
k 2(x 2) l 2(2a 3b) b The last digit follows a similar pattern of 3,
m 4(3x 4y) n 7(n 1) 9, 7, 1. Apart from 40 all other powers of 4
E
end in 4 or 6. etc
o 5(c 1) p 6(1 2b)
q 7(3b 2d) r 11(x 1)
Exercise 9G
s 3(6z 5) t 15(3x 2)
11 a a(2 a) b 4m(1 m)
1 a t 1 2 3 4 5
c 2x(1 2x) d a(3 a)
12
13
e
g
i
k
a
a
c
e
g
8m(1 m)
5h(1 h)
3b(1 b)
4a(1 2a)
2a2 ab
10x 5
10x 5
8x 12
20 10x
10x 5y
f
h
j
l
b
b
d
f
h
PL
4a(2 a)
5k(1 k)
7k(1 k)
2b(3b 2)
2a2 3ab
15x 20
6x 8
4x 10
12 18x
14a 7b
b
d 20
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
d
40 60 80 100
M
i j
20
k 18x 15y l 4m 6n
10
14 a a2 2a b x2 3x c a2 2a t
d x2 3x e a2 2a f x2 3x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
g a2 2a h x2 3x i 2x2 10x 1
c i 5 h
j 2x 16x
2
k 6a 3a l 6x2 10x
2 2
15 a 5a 16 b 5v 9 c 5a 16 2 a
n 10 20 30 40 50
SA
d a 16 e 5a 16 f 9h 12 C 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000

g 5w 5 h 2b 9 i x 5
16 a i 3x 9 ii 3(x 3) b i $3000 c
b x(x 3)(x 6) ii 22 4000
3800
17 a 10a 32 b 4ab 6b2 c 10a2 4ab
3600
3400
Exercise 9E 3200
3000
2800
1 62 2 4
2600
3 160 4 3
2400
5 24 6 3 days
7 100 km 2200
9 a 20 seconds 2000
b i 10 seconds, halved ii 40 seconds, doubled n
iii 20 seconds, no change 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Answers 525
3 a A 175 5w
Answers
b 2000
No. of weeks 1 2 3 4
Amount left 170 165 160 155 1500
Cost ($)
y 1000
500
150
100 5 10 15 20 25 30
No. of guests
E
50
c $1380 d 30 guests
x 1
10 20 30 40 7 a x 2.5 b x3 c x1
3
c 35 weeks 7 1
d x1 e x1 f x1
4 a 8 6
No. of weeks
Weight
40
30
20
10
w
18
1
PL 2
21
3
24 27
4
t
8
9
a
b y
Kerri: P 12h 20;
Kim: P 15h 10
h 3 h 20 min
Adam cost 30h 50, Bill cost 40h 30
140
120
100
Bill
Adam
M
80
1 2 3 4
60
40
b i 22.5 kg ii 9 weeks 20
5 a d 80t x
b Time (minutes) 0 1 2 3 −1 1 2 3 4 5
Distance cycled (m) 0 80 160 240 c Adam

10 a A 1k 130, B 2k 100
SA
300 b y
240 300
Distance (m)
250
180
200
120 150
60 100
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 x
20 40 60 80 100
Time (min) c 70 km use A-Rentals
c 216 m d 3.75 min 11 a x 4 b x 5 c x3
6 a C 40G 300 d x2 e x 2 f x1
b g x9 h x3
Guest 1 10 20 30
12 a Answers will vary.
Cost ($) 300 700 1100 1500 b Answers will vary.
1 14
Exercise 9H e 9 f 1 g 5 h 3
Answers
i
3
4 j 25 k
8
3 l
3
4
1 a 5 b 2 c 13 d 16 m
1
2 n 13 o 8 p 3
e 5 f 8 g 11 h 5
18 a 114 b x1 c p 1
i 4 j 10 k 5 l 1 d b1 e f 6 f x 5
2 a 4 b 5 c 7 d 7 g x 12 h x0 i x 14
e 2 f 3 g 3 h 6 j d 312 k y 112 l x0
i 3
j 6
k 13 l 1 m x 3 n x 16 o x 16
21
2 5 3
m 12 n 15 o 42 p 576 19 a 2 (15 w) 54; w 12 cm
E
q 10 r 28 s 20 t 20 b 2 (21 w) 66; w 12 cm
3 a 3 b 1
3 c 5 d 4 c 2 (22 w) 68; w 12 cm
e 9
2 f 8 g 32 h 0
i 7 j 5
k 2 l 35 Extended-response questions
2
4 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 2 6 a Cost is $10 plus $1.50 for (x – 2) items, where

x 3 or more
7
e
i
m 1
a
e
i
a
d
a
d
7
3
0.5
1
4
30
10 521
36.06
2
2
f
j
n
b
f
j
6
3
3
3.9
1
1
4
b
e
b
e
g
k
o
c
g
k
10 086
16.46 f
7
11
PL
2
2
2
8.2
2
0.7
c
f
c
3
5
h
l
p
d
h
l
22.97
2
1
1
3
2
0.4
0.4
136.61 1
2
3
4
Cost 1.5(x2) 10
a
a
a
1.5x3 10
1.5x 7
Exercise 9I
52
5
3
b
b
b
9
7
6
35h 350 2275, 55 people
c 7.5 d 138
M
8 a 2 b 10 c 18 d 25 5 18m 125 197, 4 matches
e 9 f 4 g 12 h 4 6 3c 58 184, $42
i 15 j 12 k 30 l 9 7 105j 5 62 1045, 7 pairs of jeans
9 a 12 b 10 c 10 d 9 8 10 000b 3 000 000 4 500 000, 150 bundles
3 1
e 0 f 0 g 4 h 5 9 a 22 people, 15 horses
10 a 11 b 1 c 26 d 10 b 10 horses, 37 people
e 9 f 7 g 2 h 2
Chapter review
SA
11 a 6 b 6 c 9 d 11 Short-answer questions
e 2 f 2 g 12 h 132 1 3
12 a 3 b 5 c 12 d 18 2 12ab
e 7 f 2 g 6 h 2 3 6x2y
3pq
13 a 20 b 21 c 10 d 19 4
4 6 3 10 2
e f g h
5 4a 8b
14 a 3 b 2 c 7 d 3 6 x 12
e 1 f 2 g 3 h 2 7 3px
i 2 j 3 k 3 l 1 8 4x(5x 8)
9 $110
15 a 5 b 4 c 1 d 2
10 3
e 4 f 1 g 2 h 1
2 11 (1, 1), many other possible answers
i 3 j 3 k 2 l 1 12 4 and 4
16 a 7 b 2 c 1 d 1 13 yx6
14 C 30n 40
e 1 f 1 g 2
5 h 2
15 20
17 a 1 b 1 c 2 d 9 16 12
Answers 527
17 8 y
18 2x 5 13
Answers
5
19 n 65 84
4
20 a 3 b 5 y=x+2
3
21 a Yes b No c No 2
22 a 2x, 3x, x b 3x2, x2, 4x2 1
23 a 11x b 5a c a d 2xy x
−3 −2 −1 O
e 2a2 f 8x2y g 5m 2n −1 1 2 3
h a 3b i x2 2x j 5ab2 −2
24 5n
25 a 24xy b pq c 8ab2 d 4a 3b c x 2 1 0 1 2
a5 2xy
E
10 3ab
e f n g 5 h 3
i 3xy
2 y 7 4 1 2 5
26 a $2n b (50x 20y) cents y

27 a 5x 5y b 4x2 8xy c 2x 15 7
28 5ab 4b2 6
29 a 2(x 6) b 3(x 10) 5
30
31
32
33
a 3
b
x
x5
x
b 5xy
a 9(x 2) b 2(3x 4y) c 7b(2a 3)
d x(2 x) e 4x(5x 2) f 3(x 2)
1
3x 2 2
5
2
C
3 4
6
0
5 6
7
1
5
PL
8
2
8
9
3
11
10
4
14
11
5
17
−3 −2 −1 O
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
4
3
2
1 y = 3x − 1
1 2 3
x
M
b
4 d x 2 1 0 1 2
3
2
a y 5 3 1 1 3
1
y
t
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−1 5
d c
−2 4
3
y = −2x + 1
SA
34 a 2
x 2 1 0 1 2 1
y 4 2 0 2 4 x
−3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3
y −1
−2
5 −3
4 −4
3
y = 2x
2 35 a y
1
x
−3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3
−1 6
−2
−3 3
−4
x
−3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3
b −3
x 2 1 0 1 2
y 0 1 2 3 4 −6
b b y
y
Answers
2 75
1 60
x
−1 O 1 2 3 45
−1
−2 30
15
c y
x
O
1 2 3 4 5
E
x
−3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3 c y 15x d 8h
−1
−2 38 A and C
−3 39 a 11 b 0 c 12 d 35
−4 e 4
f 1 g 1 h 1
3
−5
−6 40 a 15 b 6 c 21 d 2
−1
−7
−8
5
4
3
2
1
O
−1
y
1
PL
x
41
42
43
44
1
e
a
e
a
a
a
a
b
c
2
2
8
$3
f 74
b 4
f
b
7 hours b 9 hours
C 60t 40
C 1.5t 8
i $14
C
ii $17
b
2
4
g
c
18
1
3 hours
h 163
d 22
M
−2
−3 20
−4 18
16
14
36 a x = −4 y 12
10
5
8
SA
4
3 6
2 4
1 2
O x
−4 −3 −2 −1−1 1 2 3 y = −1
t
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y = −2 −2
−3
−6
x=3
37 a
x (number of hours) 1 2 3 4 5
y (wage of dollars) 15 30 45 60 75
Answers 529
2 3
C 3 a 8 b 20 c 20
Answers
4
90 Scores Tally Frequency
80
10 || 2
70
60 C = 4n + 10 11 0
50 12 ||| 3
40
13 |||| 4
30
20 14 | 1
10 15 || 3
E
n
0 16 || 2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
b (0, 10) c $90 d 60 17 || 2

3 a 18 || 2
19 ||| 3
Time in
hours (t) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 | 2
Cost ($) 120 190 260 330 400 470 540 610
(C)
b
600
500
400
300
200
100
O
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PL t
5
1
2
3
a
d
a
a
e
a
Q
Q
Total
ii, iii
b D
b O
f Q
24
Continuous b Discrete
Continous e Continous
Exercise 10A
D c S
c O
g Q
c
f
d D
24
Discrete
Discrete
e S
d M
M
b iv How much money do you spend on CDs
c $50 callout fee d C 70t 50 each month?
e $365 f 1.5 hours 0–19 n 20–29 n 30–39 n
40–49 n 50–59 n
4 T 5n 70
vi What kind of music do you like to listen
5 a J 20x 16 800 b 400 jeans to?
c R 64x d 300 jeans country n pop n classical n
6 b EM $22, NACO is $3 cheaper rock n jazz n rap n
SA
c 8 items 4 a Questions v and vi

b i How many hours of television did you
watch in the last week?
Chapter 10 0–4 hours 5–9 hours 10–14 hours
Do now 15–19 hours 20–24 hours 25–29 hours
1 a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9 30 hours
b 1.2, 1.8, 2.3, 2.7, 3.5 ii What types of programs do you like to
2 a b watch most often?
Drama Comedy Sport Sci-Fi
30° 135° Current events
iv Which free to air channels have you
c watched the most in the last week?
310° 1 2 3 4 5
7 a Mode. The winner is the person with the

Exercise 10B most votes
Answers
b Median. The mean would be affected by
1 a i 168 ii 168 iii 168 iv 12 cm really high or really low house prices
b The mean and the median are the same. c Mean or median. The mean could be affected
There are no extreme values. by a high or low temperature
2 a i 16.4 ii 15 iii 15 iv 18 d Mean. Some months will be higher than
b Nicole is consistent. In most of her games others, the average or mean would be
she scored between 12 and 17 goals per appropriate.
game. The mean is a bit higher than the 8 10, 20, 30
median as it is affected by the very high 9 10.5, 10.0, 10.3, 10.2
E
score of 30 goals scored in the fifth game. 10 9
c 12 11 Their four scores were much higher than those
3 a i 76.2 ii 83 iii no mode iv 60 of the rest of the class to increase the mean
b Most of Mathew’s test scores are between 82 by 4%.
and 93 except for the score of 33, which is 12 a Energy: mean 31.1, median 32, range 13
much lower than the other scores. The mean Dura: mean 31.1, median 34, range 34
is lower than the median as it is affected by b Energy A.The means are the same for both
5
c
a
b
c
a
b
once, so there is no mode.
69
PL
the value of 33. No value occurs more than
Mean 25.4, median 26.5, range 25

Mean 25.4, median 19, range 52
The means for both teams are the same. But
the median for the Wildcats is higher and the
range lower, indicating the data is less spread
out. The Wildcats are more consistent, with
most of their values between 10 and 24.
Mean 7.4, median 7, range 7
20
13
but Dura has a higher range, which menas
the data is more spread out. Energy is more
consistent most of the data is between 25
and 36.
a Abaco: mean 47 990, median 43 500,
range 70 420
Compuco: mean 45 481, median 46 040,
range 4800
b Compuco pays more consistent wages. The
range is small; all values are between
$42 000 and $47 500. The median is higher
for Compuco but the mean is lower than for
M
c Mean 5.4, median 3, range 10 Abaco. This is due to the fact that they have
d Disagree with Wilbur; his mean and median extreme wages of $96 000 and $25 580.
were lower than Jack’s. c The mean and range would increase.
e The mean will change to 6.6 but the median d No, it would not change as the value of
will stay the same at 3. 300 000 would be considered an extreme
6 value.
Shoe size Number 14 Answers will vary.
SA
6 1
16 a Mean 970.1, median 981.0,
1 range 220.1
6 0
2 b Yes, 762.2
7 4 c Mean 981.0; this is new mean without 762.2
1 d The new mean is the same as the median and
7 1 better fits the data values.
2
8 4 17 a b c d 40
18 Jack’s answer 4.565
1
8 3 Actual mean 4.574
2
The means are not the same. It is not correct to
9 6
take the mean of the means as the number of
1 jumps for each day we not the same.
9 2
2 19 Answers will vary
The mode is the most useful statistic. The most
common shoe size is size 9.
Answers 531
b 18 c Mean 4, median 4
Exercise 10C
Answers
d The mean number of calls made in one day
is 4. The median is also 4. All the data values
1 a are between 1 and 7 calls per day. There are
no extreme values.
Test Score ⴛ 5 a Mean 604.8
score Tally Freqency frequency b i
10 ||| 3 3 10 30 Interval Frequency Midpoint Fequency

ⴛ midpoint
11 0 0 11 0
12 ||| 3 36 200- 2 249.5 2 249.5
E
499
13 3 39
300 - 7 349.5 2446.5
14 0 0
400- 6 449.5 2697
15 3 45
500- 6 549.5 3297
16 2 32
600- 11 649.5 7144.5
17 2 34
2
18
19
20
Total
b
i
iii
i
iii
i
Mean 17.5
Range 10
Mean 1.7
Mode 2
Mean 10.3
Mode 9
2
2
3
20 PL
ii
ii
iv
ii
36
38
60
Median 15
Median 1.5
Range 4
Median 10
Range 5
700-
800-
900-
c
11
5
2
ii 304 75 mean 609.5

749.5
849.5
949.5
iii a little higher than the acutal

iv closer to the actual mean
v draw table with intervals of 50
vi 607.15
The mean with the smaller intervals gives the
closer approximation to the actual mean. As
8244.5
4247.5
1899
M
iii iv
3 the intervals are smaller the midpoint has less
Shoe size Frequency variation from the end points of the interval.
5 1
Exercise 10D
6 7
7 8
1 a 5 b surfing c 25 d 60
8 6 10
1 5
1
20%
SA
e 100 10 f 100 20 g
9 2
2 a The graph shows males and females as a
Total 24 percentage of total population by age in New
b Mode size 7 Zealand. The data is taken from the 2006
4 a census.
Number b Percentage of population for ages 5–19 are
of calls Frequency high, then it drops for 20–34 age group. The
percentage increases again for 35–49 age
1 2
group and decrease steadily from 50.
2 5 c Female follows a similar pattern to males.
3 4 d Female pattern is very similar to male pattern
but females percentages are higher than male
4 7 from 60.
5 3 3 a People can identify with more than one
6 2 ethnic group.
b Asian
7 2 c Other (including New Zealander) was
introduced in 2006 census.
d The Asian population has increased slightly Car type driven

and the European population has dropped
Answers
Other, 1
about 10–15%, but the other categories have
not changed from 2001 to 2006. 4WD, 4
4 a Men and women over 18 years of age Hatch, 3
b The weight and height of an 18 year old is Wagon, 2 Sedan (large),
not zero! 20
c Overweight d 75 kg e 20–25
5 a 10 b 10 Sedan (small),
c The life expectancy for males and females 10
since 1950 has increased. Life expectancy for
b Sedan (large)
E
females is higher than for males.
6 a The graph shows the household average 2 a Students’ favourite sport
60
weekly expenditure on food. It compares
2005/06 with 2008/09. 50
Number of students
b $15 per week. c $20 per week
40
d 005/06: $26; 2008/09: $29
e Answers will vary. 30
7
f
a
Companies selling the above products, health
agencies, government
The graph shows the amount of time take for
the environment to repair after damage.
The scale is not uniform
PL 20
10
0
Rugby
Netball
Tennis
Soccer
Hockey
Basketball
Cricket
Other
b
8 a The y-axis scale of the first graph is
measured in 200-litre increments and shows
a range from 7.4 to 9.4. The y-axis scale of
the second graph is measured in 1000-litre Favourite sport
increments and shows a range from 0 to 10.
b The information is easier to interpret on the
first graph, because the points are more Students’ favourite sport
M
obvious and the line more pronounced. The
information on the second graph is still Other, 45 Rugby, 34
accurate, but not as easy to interpret. The
first graph should indicate that the scale does Cricket, 29 Netball, 56
not start at zero.
Basketball, 23
Exercise 10E Tennis, 24
SA
Hockey, 53
Soccer, 46
1 a Type of car driven
25 b
20 Walk (46°)
Other (13°)
Frequency
15 Bus (144°)
10 Car (62°)
0 Cycle (95°)
Sedan (large)
Sedan (small)
Wagon
Hatch
4WD
Other
Car type
Answers 533
3 a 7 No. of people in student’s household

Answers
Maximum daily temperature in
Nelson
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
8 a
E
b 9
4 a
10
Number of students
8
6
4
5
b
a
2
0
8
PL
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Height (cm)
Number of vacant rooms

9
b
b
Fatalities
90
80
70
60
50
The number increased for red emperor,
clown fish and batfish, but decreased for
zebra fish, devil fish and cuttlefish, and
stayed the same for hermit crabs.
2004, 435 fatalities
2005, 405 fatalilites
2004
2005
M
40
30
20
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
10
0
n
4
10 9
15 14
20 19
25 4
30 9
35 4
40 9
45 44
50 9
55 4
60 9
65 4
70 69
75 4
9
+
w
0–
5–
–2
–2
–3
–3
–4
–5
–5
–6
–7
–7
80
7
–
–
b
no
nk
U
Age group
6 a
c The number of fatalilites in 2005 was 30
SA
Types of DVDs
lower than in 2004. There was little change
Fantasy for most of the age groups, except for 30–34,
Action
55–59 age groups, which dropped a lot.
Comedy
Drama 10 Answer will vary.
Thriller
Chapter review
b Short-answer questions
Types of videos
1 25, 35
Fantasy
Action
2 7
Comedy 3 6
Drama 4 a 216
Thriller b Daewoo
5 a Bar chart b 20
c clubs
6 a Bar chart
b There are no gaps between the bars.
c 40 d 5 e 2 videos
7 Answers will vary. 13 a Number of goals Christopher scored

8 a i mean 6.4 ii median 6
Answers
iii mode 8 iv range 13
Hours per week students spent playing sport
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
b mean 4.6 median 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 mode 4 and 7 range 6
c 5 games
9 a The graph shows the total alcoholic beverage d
E
available for consumption in billon litres for 14 Number of phones sold in a week
each year from 1986 to 2006. Number of phones
b There has been an increase in beer available solid in a week
for consumption. The amount of wine
Black Blue
decreased then from about 2000 has started
White Silver
to slightly increase. The amount of spirit and
10 a
b
c
available for consumption.
24
blue 45
grey 75
black 225
silver 15 PL
spirit based has been increasing since about
1996. Wine still is the largest alcohol
Blue
Grey
Black
Silver
1
2
a
18
Year 9 class neck measurements
26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
M
b Mean 30.9, median 32, Mode 31,
11 a Frequency 20 16 8 4 2
range 32
b Number of movies c The mean is lower than the median this could
be because the mean is affected by the
extreme value of 2 which is a lot lower than
the rest of the data. Most of the data values
are between 26 and 34.
d The value of 2
SA
e mean 31.9 median 32

mode 31 range 14
f The median and mode have stayed the same.
The range has decreased. The mean has
increased and is now similar to the median.
2 a B1 mean 349 median 345
range 110
B2 mean 348 median 255
range 620
b Would buy B1 as the median is higher and
1 2 3 4 5
the range is smaller the data is less spread
out and more consistent.
c Majority of people watched 1 or 2 videos.
3 a The data shows the causes of mortality in the
d 6
Army for each month either battle or non
e mean 3 median 2
battle. All the sectors are the same angle the
mode 1 range 4
radius of the sector is the frequency.
12 a 98
b It is difficult to interpret with the battle data
b 68
and non battle data being on top of each other.
Answers 535
c Pie chart the angle is proportional to the i 1.32 j 2.56 k 1.45 l 2.6
frequency where as this graph the radius of m 0.122 n 0.245 o 0.999 p 0.163
Answers
the sector is proportional to the frequency. q 0.2236 r 0.7527 s 0.31125 t 0.05375
4 Answers will vary. 4 a 17% b 49% c 11% d 93%
5 a Player A: mean 11.4, median 11, e 2% f 4% g 125% h 156%
range 5 i 208% j 109% k 12.5% l 37.5 %
Player B: mean 11.4, median 13, 5
range 11 Percentage Fraction Decimal
b Player A is more consistent player as their 0% 0 0
data is less spread out.
c Mean 13.5 median 13.5 range 1 1
a 10% 0.1
10
E
d Player B is now more consistent.
6 a Jenna’s results are more spread out ranging 1
from 6 to 10 b 50 0.5
2
b Have the same mean and median
c Jenna: mean 8 median 8 range 4 1
c 25% 0.25
Christina: mean 8 median 8 range 2 4
d Choose Christina, as her range is lower, 33
Chapter 11
Do now
1
2
3
4
a
a
scores are less spread out.
4 6 8
19
135
6 , 9 , 12
3 3 7
5, 4, 9
b 7
b 23
7
PL
indicating that she is more consistent and her
c 4 d 10
6
d
h
100%
33%
67%
12.5%
75%
See facing page top of 535

100
1
67
100
1
8
3
4
0.33
0.67
0.125
0.75
M
5 a 0.354, 0.3, 0.035, 0.03
b 1.645, 1.565, 1.465,1.456
6 a 3.68, b 0.81 c 7.11 d 1.04
7 a 24.5, b 56, c 0.878, d 0.243
8 a 12 b 415 c 101 d 10
Exercise 11B
2 3
9 a 12 b 8 c 3 d 4
1 a 70% b 10% c 98% d 25%
Exercise 11A e 45% f 5% g 39% h 19%
SA
2 50%
3 60%
1 a 0.25, 25% b 0.3, 30%
4 20%
c 0.2, 20% d 0.75, 75%
5 80%
e 0.5, 50% f 0.1, 10%
6 i 33.3% ii 66.7%
g 0.3, 33.3% h 0.7, 70%
7 a 8 b 8 c 4
i 0.375, 37.5% j 0.8, 80%
d 24 e 8 f 10
k 0.625, 62.5%
g 60 h 75 I 88
63 71 6 17
2 a 100 b 100 c 25 d 20 8 a 80 b 600 c $60 d $135
e 1
25 f 7
100 g 1 h 112 e 60 f 44 g 76.8 h 281.2
i 212.5 j 57.6 k 57.6 l 12.6
i 2 j 234 k 9
1000 l 1
200
9 $6
1 3 7 27
m 8 n 8 o 500 p 1000 10 $12.50
q 7
40 r 2
3 s 431
2000 t 6377
110000 11 a 62.5% b 12.5%
81 127 59 37 12 14
u 800 v 800 w 800 x 800 13 a 76% b 120
3 a 0.35 b 0.27 c 0.5 d 0.47 14 $170
e 0.07 f 0.01 g 0.09 h 0.05 15 a $210 b $490
continues Ans 6 (Exercise 11A)
Answers
Estimate Percentage Fraction Decimal
11
a Fraction Decimal 22% 0.22
50
1
0.2
5
5
b Percentage Decimal 5% 100 0.05
5% less than 0.1
21
c Percentage Fraction 42% 0.42
E
50
2
40%
5
21
d Percentage Fraction 84% 0.84
25
4
80%
g
Fraction
1
10
Percentage
20%
Percentage
5
Decimal
0.1
Decimal
0.2
Fraction
PL 12.5%
18%
6250%
1
8
9
50
6212
0.125
0.18
62.5
M
300
6000%
5
1975
h Fraction Decimal 19.75% 0.1975
10 000
1
0.2
5
709
i Fraction Decimal 156.72% 11250 1.5672
SA
112 1.5
3
j Percentage Decimal 42.86% 7 0.4286
50% 0.5
16 6 pupils 4 a 22 b 42 c 70 d 48
17 Answers will vary. e 24 f 90 g 180 h 45
5 a 70 b 1250 mL c 360 000
Exercise 11C d 7 e 55 f 400g
6 a 12 b 36.8 c 12.6
d 2.645 e 5.074 m f 2500000
1 a 20% b 100% c 25% g 17.5 h 27
d 50% e 30% f 30% 7 i 20% ii Vic: 5 trips; Stewart 6 trips
2 a 25% b 50% c 150% 8 a Craig $3.78, Nat $3.60 and Pieter $3.6
d 300% e 62.5% f 150% b Craig would have received less, fieter man
3 a 142.86% b 40% c 33.3% and Not that same amount of interest.
d 137.5% e 8.3% f 7.55% 9 Increase in rainfall 60%
Answers 537
b
Exercise 11D
Answers
0 0.2 1 decimal
0 20 60 100 %
1 a 20% b 40% c 37.5%
d 80% e 14.3% f 10% c
2 33.3 0
2
1 fraction
5
3 16.6
4 56.6 0 20 40 80 100 %
5 No solution
6 a 72 b 225 c 56 d 136 d
56
e 16.25 f 386.4 g 3200 h 84 0 100 1 fraction
E
7 $126
0 50 56 100 %
8 a $21 b $14
9 $100 e
10 a 57 b 3 kg 1
0 4 1 fraction
11 270 g
12 850 m 0 25 50 100 %
13 $144
14
15
1
2
3
4
3120
i
a $10 b $50 c 900 ha d

a $48 b $12 c $1000 d
a $100 b 20
$150
PL
Fence posts $7.65, fence staples $63.75,
railings $8.50, fence battons $2.55
ii $36
Exercise 11E
c 80 tonnes
2000 km
$96
d $600
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
f
17%
1
5
30%
85%
10%
95%
45%
0
0 50
0.75
75
1
100
decimal
%
M
5 $5 10 160
6 $5 11 25%
7 a $100 b 500 tonnes c 140 kg 12 125%
d 230 km 13 10%
8 a 50 mL (5 L) b 75 kg 14 20%
c 150 tonnes d 60 km 15 110
9 a 120 kg b 84 m c 80 L d 180 km
10 $5000 Extended-response questions
SA
11 28 kg 1 a 60% b 20% c 20%

12 2517.6 kg 2 a $3 b $17
13 $400 000 3 a $75 b $27
14 $270 000
15 $37 000
16 $72 Chapter 12
17 Answers will vary. Do now
1 a 113 b 120 c 235
Chapter review d 225 e 90 f 90
Short-answer questions 2 b, a, c
27 3 a 90 b 45 c 180 d 270
1 a 100 b 50% or 0.5 c 27% or 100
4 a Right b Reflex c Acute
2 a
1 5 d Obtuse e Reflex f Right
0 10 10 1 fraction 5 a Isosceles b Scalene c Equilateral
0 −1 −5 1 decimal 6 a Rectangle, square, rhombus, parallelogram
−1 b Square, rhombus c Trapezium
7 a x 90 b x 40 c x 90
8 A(2, 2), B(3, 3), C(2, 2)
Exercise 12A Exercise 12C
Answers
1 a 90, right b 70, acute c 35, acute 1 a Isosceles b Equilateral c Scalene
d 110, obtuse e 100, obtuse f 220, reflex d Equilateral e Isosceles f Scalene
g Isosceles h Scalene
g 250, reflex h 300, reflex i 330, reflex
2 a No, 3 angles would be greater than 180.
2 ⬔AOB ⬔BOC ⬔AOC
b No, 3 angles would be greater than 180.
3 a i 15 ii 15 iii 40
c Yes, as long as the total is less than 180.
iv 50 v 30
d No, the other two angles must sum to less
b 150
E
than 90
4 a b c
50° 3 a Right b Acute c Acute
30° d Right e Acute f Right
d e 170° f 190° g Obtuse h Obtuse
125° 4 a BCD, BCE, CDE b ABC or ACF
c ABC d AFB
7
g
a
d
a
b
350°
42
30
i 180
v 30
i 90
210°
a They are equal

h
b 95
e 35
ii
vi 60
ii
275°
360
180
PL i
c
f
iii 90
vii 210
iii 120
b
300°
20
26
iv
viii 330
iv
Answers vary
270
120
5
6
7
8
9
10
e CDE, CDB, BCE, AFC, ABF
a Scalene
d Isosceles
Check with ruler

a Isosceles
Check with ruler
b Equilateral c Isosceles
e Scalene
Check with Example 8
b Equilateral
The sum of the two shorter sides must be more

than the longest side.
Exercise 12D
M
9 a 105 b 22.5 c 155 1 a Rectangle b Trapezium c Kite
d 17.5 e 90.5 f 23.5 d Square e Rhombus f Parallelogram
g Trapezium h Quadrilateral
2 a Isosceles, trapezium
Exercise 12B b Trapeziums c Parallelograms
3 a Square b Trapezium
c Rhombus d Kite
SA
1 a C b X c S d C e C 4 a Square, rhombus
f X g X h S i X b Rectangle, parallelogram, kite
2 a i 41 ii 131 c Square, rhombus, rectangle, parallelogram
b i 27 ii 117 d Trapezium (Isosceles)
c i 32 ii 122 5 Check with ruler and protractor
d i 38 ii 128 6 a All sides of equal length.
e i 32 ii 122 b All sides of equal length.
f i 25 ii 115 c All angles equal to 90.
g i 8 ii 9.8 d One pair of equal length (and opposite)
h i 11 ii 101 sides.
3 a ⬔COD b ⬔XOY c ⬔FOG e All angles and side lengths equal.
4 a 50 b 113 c 38 7 A square should be formed.
d 63.5 e 63 f 129
5 a 70 b 15 c 25 Exercise 12E
d 60 e 45 f 50
g 27 h 10 i 15
6 a 25 b 70 c 36 1 a 100 , 40 b 40 , 70 c 130
8 Answers will vary. d 90 e 50 f 45 , 45
Answers 539
g 60, 60, 60 h 80, 80 i 77.5, 77.5 6 a 000, 100, 135, 240
Answers
2 a x 98 b x 120 b 060, 315, 280, 180
c x 100, y 80 7 145, 060, 310, 090, 180, 270, 310, 260,
d z 130, y 30 000
e x 110, y 70, z 120 8 Check that following your reverse instructions in
part b take you back to the starting point.
f x z 120, y 60
3 a x 75, y 105
Exercise 12G
b x y z w 45
c x y 65, z 25 1 a Line order 2, rotational order 2
E
4 a x z 48, y 42 b Line order 5, rotational order 5
b x z 60, y 120 c Line none, rotational order 2
d Line order 6, rotational order 6
5 a a c f e 140
e Line order 2, rotational order 2
and b d g 40 f Line order 1, rotational none
6 a 2x y 180 b 2y x 180 g Line order 1, rotational none
7
8
9
c
e
b
c
d
a
x y 90
x y 180
a b c in each case
a x 55, y 70
x 50, y 55, z 40
x 80, y 55
PL
d 2x 90
f 2x y z 360
x 35, y 50, z 25, w 155
Triangle sum 180,

quadrilateral sum 360
i 540 ii 720 iii 900 1080
2
4
h
a
b
c
a
Line order 1, rotational none
Line order 3, rotational order 3
Line order 1, rotational none
Line none, rotational none
i Kite, trapezium ii Rhombus, rectangle
iii None
b i Kite, trapezium
b i 4
c i 2
ii 4
ii 4
ii 2
iv Square
ii Rhombus, rectangle, parallelogram

iii None
a i 4
iv Square
M
b iv d i 6 ii 6
c Sum 180(n 2) where n is the number of e i 4 ii 4
sides 5 a 4 b 2 c 4 d 2
10 ⬔ABC 150, ⬔DEF 30 6 a A, B, C, D, E, K, M, T, U, V, W, Y
b H, I, O, X c H, I, N, O, S, X, Z
7 Answers vary
Exercise 12F 8 a A
SA
1 a 144 b 254 c 305

2 a 045 b 315 c 150 d 300
3 a 220 b 210 c 240 B
d 120 e 120 f 040 b c

A
4 a 060 b 240
5 Return journey
Distance Bearing B
450 km 270
d e
200 km 000
145 km 315
500 km 040
50 km 100
700 km 120
f 2 a
Answers
9 a i 1 ii 1 (none)
b i 3 ii 3
c i 1 ii 1 (none)
d i none ii 2 b c
E
10 a 10 b 3 c 4
d Infinite e Infinite f Infinite
Exercise 12H
1 a
b
PL d
e
M
f
c
SA
c
C
B
d A
a
b
Answers 541
4 a
Exercise 12I
Answers
1 a i
E
c
ii
A
PL b i
M
e
ii
A
SA
A
c i
5 a Rotation of 90 anticlockwise about the

point A.
b Rotation of 90 anticlockwise about the
point B.
c Rotation of 180 about the point A.
6 The statement is false.
7 a True b False c True d False
8 a 1080 b 540
9 Answers vary
ii c
Answers
d i
E
d
ii
a b
1
PL
b a
2
b
5
6
a
a
6 cm b 3 c No
M
2 a
2 3
3 2
c a b d a b
1 5
3 a 2 units right and 3 units up
b 1 unit left and 2 units up
c 3 units left and 1 unit down
d 4 units right and 20 units down
b
4 a
SA
b
A
7 a Enlarged by a factor of 4
b Enlarged by a factor of 9
c Enlarged by a factor of 16
d Enlarged by a factor of 0.25
e Enlarged by a factor of n 2
8 Answers vary
Answers 543
Chapter review Extended-response questions

Answers
Short-answer questions 1
1 a Obtuse b Right c Acute
d Straight e Revolution f Reflex
2 Check with calculator and ruler.
3 a Square, rhombus b Square, rectangle
c Square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram
d Trapezium e Rhombus, parallelogram
f Kite g Trapezium
h Rectangle, parallelogram, kite
4 a x 40, y 140 b x 110
E
c x z 40, y 50 d x 140 D C
e x 40, y 70 f x 110, y 90
5 a i 2 ii 2 2 a Trapezium ABCD, equilateral triangle ABD,
b i 6 ii 6 right triangle BCD
c i 1 ii none
d i none ii 2 b i 60 ii 30
7
e
f
a
b
c
a
i none
i none
i
i
i
210
225
020
b
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
c
PL
2
2
030
045
200
d
c i 060
iv 300°
ii
v
240
270°
iii 120°
M
SA

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Answers_1.

qxd 7/23/08 5:03 AM Page 494

Chapter 1 d i 873 081

b Four hundred and fifty-seven

494 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

1 a 64 b 102 c 168 d 224

10 a $12.50 b Week 4, $175 c $150 4 20 40 60 80 110

496 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

a 36 months b 364 weeks c 66 months

k 4 miles l 132 000 feet

498 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

e i (C, 2) ii (E, 3) iii (A, 2)

a Overseas postal rate

Yes, Joseph was right.

500 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

7 $1434 overall cost 11 $75.67

11.04m (or 12m)

3 200 g (= 0.2 kg), 50 cents ii A: 130 mm, B: 145 mm,

5 a 5000 m b 350 m c 84.5 cm 7 a 6000 L b 350 000 000 000 L

502 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

a Measure off a millimetre’s worth of pages,

Exercise 4D 11 a 36 cm2 b 2.24 m2 c 10.8 km2

A: 324, B: 225, C: 64, F: 196, G: 16, H: 49, I: 1

504 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

3 a 108, 107, 106 b 67, 66, 65 c

e 701, 700, 699 f 3982, 3983, 3984 d

d False e False f True

b h Start at 3 face positive, move 1 unit

f 18, 19, 20

c {5, 6, 15}

1 a Start at 2, face positive, move 5 units Exercise 5D

506 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

3 a 19 b 11 c 3 d 18 7 a 342 b 948 c 74 568 d 2670

c i The answer becomes larger (approaches d Answer is undefined.

21 a 550 m b $437 c $16

508 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

4 a 22 45 b 72  34 c 24 17 ii 9, 14, 19, 24, 29

i 1, 5, 13, 29 ii 4, 11, 25, 53 iii 7, 17, 37, 77

g 2000, 250, 125 h 600, 300, 75

ii 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 d Every 3rd number is a multiple of 2; every

ii 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, . . .

iii Start with 4 and add 4 each time.

Number of Number of Number of

ii 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, . . . 2 6 32

510 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

Customer’s cost 120

Shoe manufacturer’s costs 10 20 30 40

Customer’s cost 40 60 80 100

512 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

ii 8 Answers will vary.

Number of triangular Number of square

514 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

6 3 a 112 b 134 c 145 d 212

516 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

0 1 0 1 5 a Rugby, soccer then hockey

518 Mathematics and Statistics Year 9

m 212 n 138 o 113 8 a 1

4 a 412 b 223 c 113

5 7 1 a 0.22 b 0.38 c 0.2 d 0.8

b h Start at 3 face positive, move 1 unit

f 18, 19, 20

c {5, 6, 15}

3 a 19 b 11 c 3 d 18 7 a 342 b 948 c 74 568 d 2670

4 a 22 45 b 72 34 c 24 17 ii 9, 14, 19, 24, 29

ab c b3 d x4

x 35, y 50, z 25, w 155

Triangle sum 180,

1 a 144 b 254 c 305

d 120 e 120 f 040 b c

5 a Rotation of 90 anticlockwise about the