Als Chapter 3

Chapter3
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
This chapter contains the explanations of the methods and techniques used in gathering
data, the sampling procedure, instrumentation, and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This study employs the descriptive method of research. This design fits the nature of the
study as what Adelaida B. Almeida et al. (2016) descriptive design uses the description, recording,
analyzing and interpreting of conditions that exist at the time of the study. Survey instrument is
used as the most common descriptive research method. It seeks to determine the present practices
or opinions of a specified population using the structured researcher’s self-made questionnaires.
Descriptive research is also concerned with quantifying relationships between variables. The
relationship is expressed between variables using effect statistics, which is a statistical effect, is a
difference in value of one variable that is associated with a difference related to one or more other
variables, such as correlations, relative frequencies, or differences between means.
Descriptive method was used to describe the demographic profile of the respondents and
in order to further determine how the Alternative Learning System (ALS) is implemented; this
study gathers the data through questionnaires within the community.
Research Locale
This research is limited to the gathered data and information from the Alternative Learning
System’s (ALS) learners and teachers in the district of Pangil - Pakil.

The respondents are composed of out-of-school youth/drop-out students and teachers in
the district of Pangil – Pakil. There are a total of sixteen (16) teachers and one hundred sixty-six
(166) students who are currently enrolled.
Population Universe and the Subjects of the Study
The population of the respondents is composed of the Alternative Learning System’s
(ALS) teachers, mobile teachers and the learners under the said program. There are a total of
Sixteen Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers, and one hundred sixty-six (166) learners
who are currently enrolled in ALS.
Most of the learner-participants live within the community and in nearby barangays. Most
of them come from broken families, impecunious and penniless.
Instrumentation
In this study, the researcher used self-structured questionnaire based on the objectives,
guidelines and activity of the Alternative Learning System, then validated through dry-run
administered to selected learners from other learning centers enrolled in ALS. This instrument is
designed and modified to know how the Alternative Learning System is implemented as an
educational program for the target recipients. It has two parts. Part I aims to gather information
of the student-respondents; demographic profile, respectively, in terms of age, gender, civil status,
work/employment and grade level; teacher-respondents; demographic profile, respectively, in
terms of age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment and length of service. Part II shall
gather data regarding the implementation of the Alternative Learning Program in the research
locale as reflected and supported by the following: objectives, guidelines, and activities. The
researcher also wants to know the difficulties encountered by the students and teachers in
implementing Alternative Learning Program.
Data Gathering Procedure
Having found the research instrument valid and reliable to measure the level of the
respondents’ value clusters, the researcher proceeded to ask permission and approval from the
Schools Division Superintendent. Upon the approval, the researcher reports to the respective
principals or heads of the schools and the ALS coordinator and Alternative Learning System (ALS)
teachers where the respondents are affiliated and employed. Permitted by the school
administrators, the researcher administered the research instrument to the respondents of the study
through personal means which include interviews, observations and document analysis. The data
of the administration of the questionnaire and the retrieval of the research instrument is stated with
confidentially as part of the research ethical considerations.
After the retrieval of the questionnaire, the researcher has tabulated and processed the data
through the assistance of the statistician. The gathered data are/is organized and summarized. The
researcher created an assessment to determine the purpose of the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
To ensure valid and reliable data presentation, analysis and interpretation, the following
statistical tools and techniques is employed.
Frequency Count and Percentage. This descriptive measure is used in presenting the
demographic profile of the student-respondents in terms of the following personal variables: age,
gender, civil status and work, respectively.
Percentage was computed using the following formula:

p (%) = f x 100
Where:
p = percentage
f = observed frequency
N = number of respondents
This is the most straight-forward approach to work with quantitative data. Items are
classified according to a particular scheme and an arithmetical count is made of the number of
items (or tokens) within the text which belongs to each classification (or type) in the scheme.
For problems for the implementation of the Alternative Learning Program in the research
locale as reflected and supported by the following: objectives, guidelines, and activities and the
difficulties encountered by students and teachers; the weighted mean and standard deviation was
used for data analysis.
Z-test is used to determine the significant differences between the perceptions of the
respondents on the implementation of Alternative Learning Program.
Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r) is used to determine the significant
relationship between the student-profile, teacher-profile and their perception on the
implementation of Alternative Learning Program.

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Chapter3

data, the sampling procedure, instrumentation, and statistical treatment of data.

or opinions of a specified population using the structured researcher’s self-made questionnaires.

variables, such as correlations, relative frequencies, or differences between means.

study gathers the data through questionnaires within the community.

System’s (ALS) learners and teachers in the district of Pangil - Pakil.

(166) students who are currently enrolled.

Population Universe and the Subjects of the Study

The population of the respondents is composed of the Alternative Learning System’s

who are currently enrolled in ALS.

of them come from broken families, impecunious and penniless.

work/employment and grade level; teacher-respondents; demographic profile, respectively, in

implementing Alternative Learning Program.

Data Gathering Procedure

confidentially as part of the research ethical considerations.

researcher created an assessment to determine the purpose of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

statistical tools and techniques is employed.

gender, civil status and work, respectively.

Percentage was computed using the following formula:

used for data analysis.

respondents on the implementation of Alternative Learning Program.

Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r) is used to determine the significant

relationship between the student-profile, teacher-profile and their perception on the

implementation of Alternative Learning Program.

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