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Frontiers in Food & Nutrition Research
www.advancejournals.org
Open Access Scientific Publisher
Research Article
SENSORY ACCEPTABILITY OF SQUASH (CUCURBITA MAXIMA)

IN BAKING CAKE
Ramona Borro1, Raymund Gemora1
1
West Visayas State University – Janiuay Campus, Iloilo, Philippines
Correspondence should be addressed to Ramona Borro
Received April 09, 2016; Accepted April 14, 2016; Published April 18, 2016;
Copyright: © 2016 Ramona Borro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
Cite This Article: Borro, R., Gemora, R.(2016). Sensory acceptability of squash (cucurbita maxima) in baking cake.
Frontiers in Food & Nutrition Research, 2(1).1-13
ABSTRACT
This research study aimed to ascertain the sensory acceptability of squash (Cucurbita Maxima) of varied quantities in
baking cake as to appearance, taste, color, texture and general acceptability. A panel of 20 evaluators, purposely picked,
from the School of Hotel and Restaurant Services Technology of the West Visayas State University – Janiuay Campus,
were utilized as respondents. Formulated in the study were four treatments– three of which used squash at various
quantities while as the control variable, one treatment, which contained no squash at all, was used. A modified sensory
evaluation score sheet anchored on Five-Point Hedonic Scale was used by the respondents to assess the finished products.
Means, ANOVA and Scheffe Test were utilized as the statistical tools. As a whole, results disclosed that baked cakes with
no grated squash and 120 grams grated squash were moderately liked by the respondents while those baked cakes with 240
grams grated squash and 380 grams grated squash were liked very much by the respondents. There were significant
differences in the level of acceptability of the different treatments as to appearance, taste, color, texture as well as general
acceptability.
KEYWORDS: Sensory, Acceptability, Squash, Cake
INTRODUCTION is baking. Baked products are not only rich in calories but
also in protein, fats, minerals, and vitamins. Since they do
not contain much cooking oil, baked products are
O ne of the Filipinos’ specialties is to prepare nutritious
digestible. They also have long keeping quality. It allows
also the individual to be creative. The baker who enjoys his
food because they put premium on nutritional value in work tries out new recipes from time to time and
order to furnish their body with adequate nourishment for consequently, improves the quality of his/her products [2].
growth, maintaining and repairing their cells and tissues.
Well-liked by Filipinos, young and old alike, are cakes of
The essential for good health is an outweighing factor in different flavours. Baking cake has been considered a
the selection of nutritionally adequate diet, and also an product which results from the final test of a chef’s art and
indication not only in the physical state of an individual but expertise. Cakes are products that are plenty and 1
also in his general attitude towards work, play and life oftentimes being served in the table as pastry of any
itself. Appropriate nourishment gives a feeling of well- celebration. Different flavours are made to suit individual
being; hence, a variety type of menu makes an individual taste and nutrients are added to further enhance the
skilful in planning for such kind of menu [1]. Regarded as nutritional value of the cake and could add up to offer
the best method of cooking to retain nutritive value of food
FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

benefits to the people [1], like the adding of squash to the Blanco [6], on the other hand, emphasized the widely used
cake as attempted in this study,. of squash as a vegetable in the Philippines, considered as
green vegetable are its young shoots and flowers. It
History would tell that the early Egyptians made cakes contains an excellent source of food nutrients like calcium,
using white flour in a leavened dough sweetened with phosphorus, protein, iron, zinc and Vitamins A and B.
honey and flavoured with spices. The ancient Romans Watson [7] further pointed out that it is a nourishing and
served a leavened wedding cake from which the bride and healthful food emphasizing that it is a permissible part of
groom shared one slice. They also prepared cakes to offer nearly everyone’s diet and can be safely consumed on a
the gods. Cakes are popular during birthdays, weddings, regular basis. Some people dislike taste of squash, but with
Christmas and other special occasions. They are also mild flavour, the vegetable can be easily mixed into
served for snacks and dessert [1]. casseroles, blended vegetable serving, and other dishes.
Butter and other oily topping should be added in
Cakes are well-liked in most small bakeries because a large moderation to maintain the nutritional value of squash.
variety or done products can be designed from only a few
basic cake, filling and icing formulas. They can be served The utilization of squash, which is readily available in and
as unembellished sheets in a high-volume cafeteria or as beyond the backyard to most Filipino family homes, could
the intricate centrepiece of a wedding buffet. They are also enhance the given variables of a cake, like the attempt in
famous because of their adaptability. Cake production this study as well as a good source of nourishing
requires an understanding of ingredients and mixing substances. To use easily available and nutritive means to
methods and need not be difficult or intimidating [2]. develop and enrich a product is the chief purpose of the
researchers. Highly due to the nutritional value,
With the addition of eggs, flour, a raising agent, and other affordability, availability and benefit of squash which is
ingredients such as flavourings, fruits and nuts, most cake abundant in the locality, this study is put to fore.
mixtures consist of a batter made from shortening (butter
or cake margarine) and sugar. The mix may be baked in OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
tins as steamed for puddings, utilization as cake, or used as
a topping for fruit sponge. This study aimed to ascertain the sensory acceptability of
using different proportions of grated squash in baking cake.
Regarded as essential in baking cake is the good aeration of Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of sensory
the sugar, butter and egg batter. Curdling or breaking is acceptability of grated squash in baking cake in terms of
most probably to happen if eggs are too cold. If this does appearance, taste, color, texture and general acceptability;
not happen, a little portion of the flour should be added and find out the significant differences in the level of
before all the eggs are mixed. All the ingredients should be acceptability in four various quantities of grated squash in
at the same temperature, about 18C. The shortening must baking cake as to appearance, taste, color, texture and
not be melted. If it does, the volume and texture will be general acceptability.
below standard. Equal weights of shortening, sugar, egg,
and flour consist the basic mixture. Variation may be
through the introduction of milk and baking powder, which
allow an increase in the amount of flour. In all instances,
the heaviness of shortening should be more than the weight
of either the egg or the sugar. The weight of sugar should
not be more than the weight of all liquids [3].
Squash, in Hiligaynon, karbasa; in Filipino, kalabasa,

belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae of Gourd Family. It is
a tender tendril-bearing and vine-like plant regarded as one
of the most tasty vegetables. There have been studies made
on baking cake with mixture of variety of ingredients, but
not with squash. Reaching a length of 4 meters or more
and flowering throughout the year, squash has a very
course, prostrate or climbing annual, herbaceous vine. The
fruits have markings with peduncle that is large, soft and
corky on the surface while at maturity, they are large
variable in shape, size, color [4].
Beyth, et al. [5], describes squash as a fleshly vegetable

protected by hard rind. As part of the plant family that
includes melons and cucumbers, it becomes a valuable
2 source of Vitamins A and C as well as calcium and iron.
Possessing very low calories, it becomes essential to be a
component in one’s diet plan. Likewise, the skin and rind
of summer squash are also stuffed with the nutrient bate-
carotene, but the fleshly portion of this vegetable is not.

Conceptual/Logical Framework
Schematic Diagram Illustrating the Framework of the Study
Figure 1: The sensory acceptability of utilizing grated squash when baking cake as to appearance, taste, color, texture as
well as general acceptability.
Process Variables Criterion Variables

A. whole plain cake or none-squash cake
A. 1 whole plain cake or none-squash cake
 Quality of Cake
B. whole plain cake with 120 grams grated squash
B. 1 whole plain cake with ½ cup mashed squash
C. whole plain cake with 240 grams grated squash
Appearance, Taste, Color, Texture
D. whole plain cake with 380 grams cup grated  General Acceptability
1 whole plainsquash
MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials, Tools and Equipment
Research Design In the conduct of this study, squash was grated (varies in
proportion for each treatment). Other ingredients included
This study utilized quasi-experimental research to the following: 520 grams all-purpose flour, 240 grams
determine the acceptability level of squash cake among butter, 5 pieces egg, 360 grams refined sugar, 120 ml.
respondents as to general acceptability, appearance, taste, water, 5 ml. vanilla, 2 grams salt, and 15 grams baking
color and texture. Quasi-experimental research is powder. The tools, utensils and other equipment used were
an experimental study used to estimate the causal impact mixing bowl, measuring cups, electrical mixer, blender,
of an intervention on its target population [8]. It is a form baking pan, wooden spoon, measuring spoon, weighing
of research where the investigator has no control over scale, glass measuring cup, peeling knife, rubber scraper
the independent variable, but has power over how the and oven.
dependent variable is measured [16]. It was designed in
which evaluators manipulate and control one independent Instrument
variable for the variation concomitant to the manipulation
of the dependent variable [8]. In this study, the squash Basing on the Five-Point Hedonic Scale, a modified
mixture was prepared and the amount of squash was added sensory evaluation score sheet was utilized to retrieve data
in different proportions as variations A- no squash, B- 120 [10]. Each replication of the four (4) treatments was
grams grated squash, C- 240 grams grated squash and D- evaluated with the following scores and their descriptions:
380 grams grated squash. Five (5) as Liked Very Much; Four (4) as Liked
Moderately; Three (3) as Liked Slightly; Two (2) as
Sampling Design Disliked; and One (1) as Disliked Very Much. These
scores were assigned for the evaluation of the products as
Purposive sampling was employed in selecting the to appearance, taste, color, texture and general
individuals as samples according to the purposes of the acceptability.
researchers as their controls. It is a non-scientific sampling
design by which an individual is selected as part of the Procedure
sample due to good evidence that he is representative of
the total population [9]. Pre-heat the oven to 250 F. Shift all-purpose flour and
baking powder. Blend the grated squash and add water and
Evaluators of the Study set aside. Cream the butter and add the sugar. Add the egg
one at a time, then beat well after each addition. Add the
There were 20 evaluators composed of 10 members of the grated squash, pour in a grease pan and bake for 25 – 30
faculty, 6 members of the staff, and 4 students of the minutes. Preparation and cooking time: 60 minutes
School of Hotel and Restaurant Services Technology,
WVSU JC. They were purposely selected as panel of The different preparations were evaluated by respondents
evaluators of the study because of their expertise and as to appearance, taste, color, texture as well as general
availability. They evaluated the finished products in terms acceptability, using the following rubric on Table 1.
of the variables of this experiment. The main sources of
data were the responses of the evaluators which were
indicated in the sensory evaluation score sheets that were
used for product evaluation in terms of appearance, taste,
color, texture as well as general acceptability. 3

Table 1: Rubric for Evaluating Squash Cake
CRITERIA 5 LIKED VERY 4 LIKED 3 LIKED 2 DISLIKED 1 DISLIKED

MUCH MODERATELY SLIGHTLY VERY
MUCH
Appearance Looks very Looks pleasing in Looks slightly Disliked the Very disliked
palatable that its appearance pleasing appearance and appearance
captures one’s can’t capture
attention one’s appetite
Taste It tastes savory It tastes partially It tastes not that Disliked taste Very disliked
with quality and good good or bad cause of too taste
increases one’s savory or it lacks
appetite something
Color Golden Brown Brown Yellow Light yellow Light
Texture Very soft and Soft and moist Slightly soft and Hard and lacks Very hard
moist moist moisture
General Very much Moderately Slightly Not Acceptable Very Much

Acceptability acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Not
Acceptable
After the sensory evaluation of the treatment, the score sheets were gathered, recorded, tallied, summarized and prepared
for computation. Mean was used in determining the level of acceptability of its appearance, taste, color, texture, and general
acceptability. The following scale and descriptions were used:
4.21 - 5.00 – Liked Very Much
3.41 - 4.20 – Liked Moderately
2.16 - 3.40 – Liked Slightly
1.81 -2.15 – Disliked
1.00- 1.80 – Disliked Very Much
Other statistical tools were the One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether significant differences
existed in the level of acceptability of squash cake. The hypothesis was set at 0.05 level of significance. Scheffe Test was
also used as post hoc test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Acceptability of Squash Cake in Terms of Appearance
Appearance is the act of appearing as to the eyes or mind before the public; the sensory or phenomenal aspect of existence
to the observer [11].
Table 2 shows the sensory acceptability level of cake enriched with different proportions of grated squash as to appearance
4 among the respondents. Treatments A and B were liked moderately (Ms = 3.65 and 3.95) while treatments C and D were
liked very much (Ms= 4.30 and 4.75).

Table 2: Mean Ratings of Squash Cake of Different Treatments as to Appearance
Treatment Mean Interpretation
A – No Squash 3.65 Liked Moderately
B – 120 grams Squash 3.95 Liked Moderately
C – 240 grams Squash 4.30 Liked Very Much
D – 380 grams Squash 4.75 Liked Very Much
Overall Mean 4.16 Like Moderately
Differences in the Acceptability of Squash Cake in Different Treatments in Terms of Appearance
Table 3 shows that a significant difference existed in the level of acceptability of squash cake in different treatments as to
appearance. This implies that the appearance of different treatments was not the same or there were variations as evaluated
by the respondents.
Table 3: ANOVA Table for Appearance of Squash Cake in Different Treatments
Source of Variance Sum of df Mean Sum of F P

Squares Squares
Value Value
Between Groups 13.438 3 4.479 10.824 .000
Within Groups 31.450 76 .414
Overall 44.888 79
*p<.01 significant at .01 alpha level
The post hoc revealed that treatments A and B, treatments B and C, treatments C and A were not significant while the rest
paired treatments were significant in terms of appearance. This means that these paired treatments were comparable in
appearance. This implies that the more squash added to cake, it must have looked very appetizing that it captured one’s
attention.

Table 4: Scheffe Test for the Appearance of Squash Cake in Different Treatments
(I)Treatments (J)Treatments Mean Std.Error Significance Interpretation

Difference
(I-J)
Treatment A Treatment B - .3000 .20342 .540 Not Significant
Treatment C - .6500* .20342 .022 Significant
Treatment D - 1.1000* .20342 .000 Significant
Treatment B Treatment A .3000 .20342 .540 Not Significant
Treatment C - .3500 .20342 .404 Not Significant
Treatment D - .8000* .20342 .003 Significant
Treatment C Treatment A .6500* .20342 .022 Significant
Treatment B .3500 .20342 .404 Not Significant
Treatment D - .4500 .20342 .189 Not Significant
Treatment D Treatment A 1.1000* .20342 .000 Significant
Treatment B .8000* .20342 .003 Significant
*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Acceptability of Squash Cake in Terms of Taste
Taste, a sensation produced when a small quantity of something eaten, drunk or sampled to assess its effect on the sensory
receptors or when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells, is located on taste buds in the
oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain,
and temperature), taste determines flavors of food or other substances [12, 13].
Based on the mean ratings on Table 5, treatments A and B were liked moderately by the respondents while treatments C
and D were liked very much by the respondents.
Table 5: Mean Ratings of Squash Cake of Different Treatment as to Taste
A No Squash 3.85 Liked Moderately
B 120 grams Squash 4.20 Liked Moderately
C 240 grams Squash 4.65 Liked Very Much

6
D 380 grams Squash 4.80 Liked Very Much
Overall Mean 4.38 Liked Very Much

Differences in the Acceptability of Squash Cake in Different Treatments in Terms of Taste
Table 6 shows a significant difference existed in the level of acceptability of squash cake as to different treatments in terms
of taste. This implies that the taste of different treatments was not the same or there were variations as evaluated by the
respondents.
Table 6: ANOVA Table for Taste of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Squares Squares
Value Value
Between Groups 11.250 3 3.750 11.176 .000
Overall 3.750 79
The post hoc revealed that treatments A and B, treatments B and C, treatments C and D, treatments D and A were not
significant while the rest paired treatments were significant in terms of taste. This means that these paired were comparable
in taste. This implies that the squash added to cake made its taste savoury and contributed to the increase of the appetite of
the respondents.
Table 7: ScheffeTest for the Taste of Squash Cake in Different Treatments
(I) (J) Mean Std. Significance Interpretation

Treatments Treatments Difference Error
(I-J)
Treatment C - .8000* .18317 .001 Significant
Treatment C Treatment A .8000* .18317 .001 Significant
Treatment B .4500 .18317 .119 Significant
Treatment D Treatment A .9500* .18317 .000 Not Significant
Treatment B .6000* .18317 .018 Significant
Treatment C .1500 .18317 .880 Significant
Acceptability of Squash Cake in Terms of Color
Color is a property causing visual sensation that depends on the light that they reflect and is perceived as red, blue, green
and other shades. Categories and physical specifications of color are also supplementary with objects or materials based on
their physical possessions such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra [14].

Table 8: Mean Ratings of Squash Cake of Different Treatments as to Color
B – 120 grams Squash 4.05 Liked Moderately
C – 240 grams Squash 4.70 Liked Very Much
D – 380 grams Squash 4.90 Liked Very Much
Differences in the Acceptability of Squash Cake in Different Treatments in Terms of Color
Table 9 shows that a significant difference existed in the level of acceptability of squash cake as to different treatments in
terms of color. This implies that the color of the different treatments was not the same or showed variations as evaluated by
the respondents.
Table 9: ANOVA Table for Color of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Squares Squares
Value Value
Between Groups 12.438 3 4.146 10.884 .000
Overall 41.388 79
*p<.01significant at .01 alpha level
The post hoc on Table 10 revealed that treatments A and B, treatments C and D, were not significant while the rest paired
treatments were significant in terms of color. This means that these paired treatments were closely comparable in color.
This implies that when more squash is added to the cake, the color becomes golden brown.

Table 10: Scheffe Test for the Color of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Difference
Treatments Treatments Error
(I-J)
Treatment C - .70000 .19517 .008 Significant
Treatment D - .90000 .19517 .000 Significant
Treatment C Treatment A .70000 .19517 .008 Significant
Treatment D Treatment A .90000 .19517 .000 Significant
Treatment C .20000 .19517 .789 Not Significant
Acceptability of Squash Cake in Terms of Texture
Texture refers to the feel and appearance of a surface, its roughness or smoothness. In food, it is the structure of the
substance when felt, touched or chewed. Mouthfeel, on the other hand, is the substance’s physical and chemical
interaction in the mouth, an aspect of food rheology, covers many areas related to the testing and evaluating of foodstuffs
from initial perception on the palate, to first bite, through mastication to swallowing and aftertaste. Some food
enthusiasts, however, use the traditional term texture [15].
Table 11: Mean Ratings of Squash Cake of Different Treatments as to Texture

9
Overall Mean 4.38 Liked Moderately

Differences in the Acceptability of Squash Cake in Different Treatments in Terms of Texture
Table 12 shows that a significant difference existed in the level of acceptability of squash cake in the different treatments as
to texture. This implies that the texture of the different treatments was not similar or it showed variations as evaluated by
the respondents.
Table 12: ANOVA Table for Texture of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Squares Squares
Value Value
Between Groups 8.237 3 2.746 7.801 .000
Overall 38.987 79
The post hoc on Table 13 revealed that treatments A and B, treatments B and C, treatments C and A, treatments D and C
were not significant while the rest paired treatments were significant in terms of texture. This means that there were paired
treatments closely comparable in texture. This implies that the more squash was added to the cake, it must have a very soft
and moist mouthfeel.
Table 13: ScheffeTest for the Texture of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Difference
(I-J)
Treatment C Treatment A .50000 .18761 .077 Not Significant
Treatment B .30000 .18761 .470 Not Significant
10 Treatment B .65000 .18761 .011 Significant

General Acceptability of Squash Cake
Generally, squash cake with treatment A or no squash, treatment B or 120 grams squash were liked moderately by the
respondents. On the other hand, treatment C or 240 grams squash, treatment D or 380 grams squash were liked very much
by the respondents.
Table 14: Mean Ratings of Squash Cake of Different Treatments
A No Squash 3.88 Liked Moderately
Differences on the General Acceptability of Squash Cake
Table 15 shows that a significant difference existed in the level of acceptability of squash cake with different treatments as
to general acceptability.
Table 15: ANOVA for the General Acceptability of Squash Cake with Different Treatments
Source of Variance Sum of Df Mean Sum of F P

Squares Squares
Value Value
Between Groups 10.96 3 3.66 19.96 .000
Overall 24.87 79
The post hoc results on Table 16 revealed that treatments A and B, treatments C and D
treatments D and C were not significantly different, while the rest paired treatments were significant. This generally implies
that the more squash was added to cake, it looked very appetizing, it tasted savory, it increased ones appetite, it looked
golden brown in color, and its texture was very soft and moist. This means that they were closely comparable in terms of
general acceptability.
11

Table 16: Scheffe Test for the General Acceptability of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Difference
(I-J)
Treatment C -.43750 .13528 .020 Significant
Treatment C Treatment A .66250 .13528 .000 Significant
Treatment D -.28750 .13528 .220 Not Significant
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES
Variations in the proportion of squash in baking cake [1] Marcos, Pastor, Daza. (1995). Foods. 927
resulted in significant differences in its general sensory Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Phoenix
acceptability and in terms of appearance, taste, color and Publishing House Inc. Chap. 1, p.2. Chap. 3, pp
texture; hence the null hypothesis was rejected. Squash, 165-166.
being cheap, very nutritious and is locally abundant, [2] Labensky, S., Tenbergen, K., Vandamme, E.;
should be maximized as a key ingredient in baking a cake. Martel, P., Sierra, S. (2006): On Baking: A
Since the use of squash in baking a cake is proved to be Textbook of Baking and Pastry Fundamentals,
very acceptable, wide dissemination of the result of this Prentice Hall; Chapter 13, pp380-381
study is encouraged in venues like trainings and workshops [3] Dodgshun, G. and Peters, M. (2008) Cookery for
as product of research for community knowledge the Hospital Industry, 5th Edition,Cambridge
enhancement. University Press, India; pp 469-470, Part II: 21
[4] Siemonsma, J. S. and Piluek, K. (1994).
For commercial reasons, bakers who produce cakes may Estimated Cost and Return of Crop Production
consider using squash as one of the flavours or ingredients Division PROSEA Handbook No. 8 Vegetables.
to promote healthy pastries. It should also highlight that Bogor Indonesia. pp 160-164. Retrieved from:
the cake product be sold at an affordable price. This http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/guide_kalabasa.php
research study may be replicated by other researchers who [5] Beyth, R. J., Milligan, P.E. and Gage, B. F. (2006,
might be interested to further look into the essentials of August 10). Health Benefits, Side Effects and
baking a cake with squash as main ingredient utilizing Nutritional Value of Squash. [1] 5 A Day:
other sets of respondents and variables that would further Vegetable of the Month: Squash, CDC online
12 validate the results of this study. A further investigation to publication. Retrieved from
determine the shelf-life of the produce is also http://www.zhion.com/herb/Squash.html
recommended. [6] Blanco, F. M. (1880-1883).Cucurbita maxima,
Flora de Filipinas. Domain, Modification by Carol
Spear.

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[7] Watson, A. P. (2003). What is the Nutritional
Value of an Acorn Squash. Western Maryland
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173_nutritional-value-acorn-squash.html
[8] Dinardo, J. (2008). "natural experiments and
quasi-natural experiments". The New Palgrave
Dictionary of
Economics.pp. 856859. Doi:10.1057/978023022
6203.1162.ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5
[9] Marshall, Martin N. (1996). "Sampling for
Qualitative Research."Family Practice 13:522–
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[10] Gatchalian, M. (1992). Introduction to Food
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[11] Flexner, S. B. (1993). Random House Unabridged
Dictionary, 2nd Edition. New York: Rando House
[12] kidshealth.org What Are Taste Buds?
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(2005). Human biology (Page 201/464)
[14] Fairchild, M.D. (2005). Color Appearance
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[16] http://psychologydictionary.org/quasi-
experimental-research/
13

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Frontiers in Food & Nutrition Research

SENSORY ACCEPTABILITY OF SQUASH (CUCURBITA MAXIMA)

Correspondence should be addressed to Ramona Borro

KEYWORDS: Sensory, Acceptability, Squash, Cake

FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

Squash, in Hiligaynon, karbasa; in Filipino, kalabasa,

Beyth, et al. [5], describes squash as a fleshly vegetable

FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

Schematic Diagram Illustrating the Framework of the Study

Process Variables Criterion Variables

MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials, Tools and Equipment

FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

CRITERIA 5 LIKED VERY 4 LIKED 3 LIKED 2 DISLIKED 1 DISLIKED

Color Golden Brown Brown Yellow Light yellow Light

General Very much Moderately Slightly Not Acceptable Very Much

4.21 - 5.00 – Liked Very Much

3.41 - 4.20 – Liked Moderately

2.16 - 3.40 – Liked Slightly

1.81 -2.15 – Disliked

1.00- 1.80 – Disliked Very Much

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Acceptability of Squash Cake in Terms of Appearance

FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

Treatment Mean Interpretation

A – No Squash 3.65 Liked Moderately

B – 120 grams Squash 3.95 Liked Moderately

C – 240 grams Squash 4.30 Liked Very Much

D – 380 grams Squash 4.75 Liked Very Much

Overall Mean 4.16 Like Moderately

Differences in the Acceptability of Squash Cake in Different Treatments in Terms of Appearance

Table 3: ANOVA Table for Appearance of Squash Cake in Different Treatments

Source of Variance Sum of df Mean Sum of F P

Between Groups 13.438 3 4.479 10.824 .000

Within Groups 31.450 76 .414

*p<.01 significant at .01 alpha level

FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

(I)Treatments (J)Treatments Mean Std.Error Significance Interpretation

Treatment A Treatment B - .3000 .20342 .540 Not Significant

Treatment C - .6500* .20342 .022 Significant

Treatment D - 1.1000* .20342 .000 Significant

Treatment B Treatment A .3000 .20342 .540 Not Significant

Treatment C - .3500 .20342 .404 Not Significant

Treatment D - .8000* .20342 .003 Significant

Treatment C Treatment A .6500* .20342 .022 Significant

Treatment B .3500 .20342 .404 Not Significant

Treatment D - .4500 .20342 .189 Not Significant

Treatment D Treatment A 1.1000* .20342 .000 Significant

Treatment B .8000* .20342 .003 Significant

Treatment C - .3500 .20342 .404 Not Significant

*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Acceptability of Squash Cake in Terms of Taste

Table 5: Mean Ratings of Squash Cake of Different Treatment as to Taste

Treatment Mean Interpretation

A No Squash 3.85 Liked Moderately

B 120 grams Squash 4.20 Liked Moderately

C 240 grams Squash 4.65 Liked Very Much

Overall Mean 4.38 Liked Very Much

FFNR 09|Volume 2|Issue 1|2016

Table 6: ANOVA Table for Taste of Squash Cake in Different Treatments