Tunnels

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TUNNELS

TUNNELS 3

THINK DEEPER

Urbanisation and the demands of modern construction to develop optimal tunnel and
society are posing significant challenges underground solutions for even the most
for infrastructure in cities across the globe. complex projects.
While much of this development is being
built upwards, many features are being Whether you need a total engineering
driven underground. COWI is a world solution or professional advice on a specific
leader in connecting underground spaces problem, we offer a comprehensive set
and in driving innovation in congested of competencies to tunnel owners and
underground environments. contractors at every phase of a tunnel’s
lifecycle from early concepts to operations,
For over half a century, COWI has been at through to rehabilitation or decommissioning.
the forefront of tunnel and underground
engineering. Our reputation as world class We are more than 350 dedicated tunnel
specialists enables us to contribute to and underground engineers and specialists
many of the world’s most prestigious and worldwide, who work together to deliver
challenging tunnel infrastructure projects. multidisciplinary and seamless solutions
With our offices around the globe, we focused on safety, function and value,
are present in all major markets giving us making us the preferred consultants for
worldwide reach. global tunnel projects. COWI’s succes in
developing metro projects underpins our
Working closely with clients, we employ growth strategy.
knowledge and expertise gained from years
of hands-on experience in design and COWI. Your experienced partner in tunnels.
TUNNELS 5

DIFFERENT CHALLENGES –
DIFFERENT EXPERTISE
Our team of international engineers TUNNEL BORING
and consultants have the exper- MACHINES (TBM)
tise, experience and technical
IMMERSED TUNNELS SEGMENTAL LININGS
knowledge to help you solve even
the most complex tunnel design
and construction challenges.

We have done several major metro OUTFALL TUNNELS DRILL AND BLAST TUNNELS
projects providing the full spectrum AND SHAFTS
of works, including MEP.

For every project, COWI brings


together a world class team with the
most appropriate competencies, to
ensure the integration of temporary DEEP EXCAVATIONS CAVERNS
and permanent works design into
one seamless solution, and creating
value for clients that also benefits
society at large.
SPRAYED CONCRETE
SHAFTS LINING (SCL)
Our expertise covers all tunnelling
technologies:

CUT AND COVER MICROTUNNELLING


TUNNELS 7

DIFFERENT PHASES –
DIFFERENT SERVICES
COWI’s first tunnel project – the Limfjordstunnel – dates back to 1955.
METROS
Sixty years on, COWI is internationally renowned for providing full service ›› Concept
tunnel design to both tunnel owners and contractors. Our agile teams can ›› Design
handle every aspect in the life cycle of a project, from early concepts to ›› Design-construct
contracts
operation phase and rehabilitation and decommissioning. We work closely ›› Construction
with clients to identify needs, manage risk, develop solutions and deliver ›› Procurement
TUNNEL OPERATION ›› Tunnel operation and
innovative and cost effective designs and advice. maintenance
AND MAINTENANCE
›› Tunnel inspection: includes
condition inspection and
construction inspection services
›› Refurbishment and
decommissioning
PROCUREMENT
›› Procurement strategies
›› Tender documents
›› Scheduling
›› Contract documentation
and management

CONCEPT DESIGN DESIGN-CONSTRUCT CONTRACTS


›› Feasibility, alignment, EIA, tunnelling ›› Detailed design of tunnels and ›› Consultancy for project owners and CONSTRUCTION
methods, reference design and durability underground structures: includes civil, concessionaires ›› Tunnelling methodology: advice on suitable
assessment structural and geotechnical, mechanical ›› Detailed design and construction methods, TBM design and specification
›› Ground investigation, geotechnical studies and electrical engineering, and other engineering for design and build ›› Construction advice: construction
and geotechnical baseline reports tunnel-related infrastructure using COWI’s contractors management and supervision, temporary
›› Life Cycle considerations: inspection and wider cross-sector, multi-disciplinary works design, integrated temporary and
maintenance, life cycle cost optimisation capabilities in rail, highway and utilities permanent works design, monitoring and
and sustainability ›› Focused studies and advice: settlement instrumentation
prediction, ground treatment and
groundwater control
›› Management of all aspects of tunnel
projects.
TUNNELS 9

A MULTIDISCIPLINARY COMPANY
COWI’s multidisciplinary approach moves the boundaries and delivers
solutions based on our comprehensive understanding of complex projects.

With more than 6,200 employees working in a broad range of professional INTERNATIONAL SPECIALIST
services, COWI can cover all engineering services across the following IN METRO PROJECTS
business sectors Economics, Management and Planning, Water & We specialise in major metro projects and can provide
Environment, Geographical Information and IT, Railways, Roads and all services for the entire project life cycle from feasibility
Airports, Building, Industry and Energy, and Bridge, Tunnel, Undergrounds study through preliminary and final design, supervision,
Structures and Marine. operation and maintenance.

We deliver multidisciplinary services for tunnel and underground engineering Copenhagen Metro, Cityringen in Denmark is just one
projects around the globe. Our services include Planning, Architecture, Civil example of our multidisciplinary metro projects. This
Works, Mechanical & Electrical, Track & System and Area & Rights latest phase of the city’s metro system involves more
than 15 km undeground rail, 17 underground stations
From the hydraulic design of drainage tunnels to holistic Fire, Life & Safety and 3 emergency and ventilation shafts. Many of the
strategies for underground metro stations, COWI integrates a wealth of stations are located in the center of Copenhagen
engineering knowledge when developing our projects. very close to existing buildings, often two or three
hundred years old, and will go through the Copenhagen
Life cycle cost, sustainability and mitigation of environmental impacts are limestone as well as in overlying quaternary soil.
fundamental to the way we work. Our project teams are created to match
the requirements of a multidisciplinary project and we work collaboratively For the extensive metro project COWI draws on, among
across disciplines managing the interfaces between all parts of the project other things, its experience of bored tunnels and Metro
to deliver the right solution. installations from the first phase of Copenhagen’s
Metro and the construction of a four-kilometre long
district heating tunnel under the capital. COWI
provides Conceptual Design, Owners tender design,
Design review and Construction Supervision. The
interdisciplinary project utilises employees from virtually
all COWI’s business units.
TUNNELS 11

DIFFERENT ASSIGNMENTS –
DIFFERENT SECTORS
Every assignment is unique. As a multi-disciplinary consultancy, we bring together
teams from across the COWI group to offer a total project solution regardless of the
function, purpose or end-use of the underground space. For example, we integrate
tunnels and caverns into many types of large infrastructure projects, driving innovation
in congested environments. Real engineers with experience in design, assessment ENERGY AND POWER
›› Nuclear
and management of tunnels across the entire spectrum of underground infrastructure ›› Generating halls
work to ensure low risk assets, creating an efficient network and security of service. UTILITIES ›› Cooling water intakes and outfalls
›› Process accommodation ›› Hydro-electric installations
›› Product distribution ›› Gas and electricity
›› Water and waste water INDUSTRY
›› Attenuation and storage ›› Marine and river intakes and outfalls
›› District heating ›› Access and ventilation shafts
›› Storage and attenuation space
›› Conduits and tunnels
›› Space optimisation DEVELOPMENT OF CAVERNISATION
›› Underground space for a unique purpose
›› Growth technology across the globe
›› Secure space and deep basements
›› Warehousing, storage and distribution
›› Accommodation of processes and utilities

OTHER TRANSPORTATION
RAIL – METRO, MRT, HEAVY RAIL ›› Waterways
›› Metro, MRT, heavy rail ›› Tramways
›› Stand-alone tunnel design ›› Airport infrastructure
›› Delivery of a whole system HIGHWAY ›› Materials handling
›› Station boxes and platform tunnels ›› Feasibility and option studies ›› Mine-related applications
›› MEICA, architecture and environment ›› Highway tunnel operational safety
›› Integration with highway network
›› Approach ramps and earthworks
›› Refurbishment and maintenance
TUNNELS 13

GLOBAL TEAMS
AGILE, ACCESSIBLE AND RESPONSIVE

Our business is engineer-led, characterised by an agile organisation with


specialist engineers at all levels who are responsive to client requests.

The first tunnel project dates back to 1955 and building professional partnerships to
where we were involved in the Limfjordstunnel. deliver successful projects across the globe.
Almost 30 years ago, we made the detailed Our work processes and fully integrated IT
design on a major railway tunnel which is part systems enable our engineers to be agile,
of the Great Belt Link and have since been accessible and responsive, and to work
providing full service tunnel design, working together on major projects seamlessly
with owners to identify needs, manage risk, across time zones.
develop solutions and deliver innovative and
cost effective designs and advice. Contributing Our engineers have broad design and build
to technical codes and standards, our construction experience combined with
methodologies have become benchmarks deep technical tunnelling and geotechnical
in the industry, driving forward innovation in expertise. This allows them to add value and
congested urban underground spaces. reduce risk right from outset, especially at
the early scoping stages of major projects,
COWI’s integrated tunnel teams have a strong offering practical and pragmatic options
shared culture, engaging in open dialogue for large projects.
TBM 15

CPH DISTRICT
HEATING TUNNEL
Copenhagen, Denmark
Detailed Design for the Owner
TBM

TBM This 4 km-long heating tunnel was constructed 30 m


below central Copenhagen to carry a major system
of district heating pipes under Copenhagen Harbour,
providing Copenhageners with inexpensive and
COWI has built up a significant bank of in-house knowledge within environmentally-friendly district heating.
the TBM sector both in urban and non-urban areas in soft soil and
Tunnelling in the Copenhagen limestone, designing and
in subaqueous environments. Our engineers are internationally constructing three deep shafts in the centre of the city
recognised for their technical expertise in TBM tunnel design and preventing any significant groundwater lowering or
where there is less competent ground, high water pressure settlement during construction were among the more
environments and drainage challenges. complex design challenges. COWI solved these by
applying steel fibre reinforced concrete for the tunnel lining
and by adopting the latest methodologies in durability
design to achieve the required 100-year lifetime.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2009
›› Owner: Københavns Energi A/S
›› Client: Københavns Energi A/S
›› Contractor: KFJ-JV MT Højgaard a/s Hochtief

SERVICES
›› Tender design and tender document preparation
›› Detailed design
›› Construction supervision
TBM 17

ABU HAMOUR,
MUSAIMEER DRAINAGE
TUNNEL
Doha, Qatar
Design-Build
TBM

The Abu Hamour tunnel is a 10 km, 3.7 m diameter


drainage tunnel constructed using two Earth Pressure
Balance TBMs and 22 shafts. The project was the first
in Doha to use Earth Pressure Balance TBMs, where
karstic features present challenging ground conditions.
The project also provided a major upgrade of the surface
water drainage system in Doha.

In order to meet the requirement of a 100-year lifespan,


COWI’s engineers came up with the innovative use
of steel fibre reinforced concrete for the tunnel and
shaft linings and applied the full probabilistic Duracrete
methodology, the most up-to-date durability design
approach available. This design also produced
substantial sustainability benefits for the project by
significantly reducing the embodied carbon dioxide of
the tunnel and shafts linings.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2016 (est)
›› Owner: ASHGHAL, Ministry of Public Works Qatar
›› Client: ASHGHAL, Ministry of Public Works Qatar
›› Contractor: Salini Impregilo S.p.A

SERVICES
›› Durability design
›› Structural design
›› Tender Design
›› Detailed Design
›› Construction Support
SCL 19

C305 CANARY WHARF


SOFT EYE
London, UK
Design & Construct
SCL Tunnel

SCL When completed, Canary Wharf will be one of the largest


London Crossrail stations. The station box is 256 m long
and have 33 m deep concrete reinforced steel tube piles.
It has been built in dock water area. Temporary soft eyes
Sprayed Concrete Lining (SCL) can be used to provide were required to allow the TBMs to enter and leave the
station box at Canary Wharf, Crossrail.
solutions to more complex mined tunnel excavations.
For instance, irregular-shaped tunnels such as junctions COWI carried out a review of the ground conditions,
and cross passages in a metro system; elaborate load together with Lambeth Group, at the soft eye locations,
transfer systems like the interface between existing piled and developed a construction sequence for the works
foundations and new tunnels; tunnels where space, which involved the removal of contiguous piles from the
access or ground conditions preclude TBMs. station box structure and the design and installation of
sprayed concrete, domed soft eyes.
COWI’s specialists have the expertise to design and
Our engineers collaborated closely with the construction
specify SCL, and we also provide real-time construction team to ensure the feasibility of the proposed plans, such
supervision on site, working with the contractor to assess as the addition of toolbox items in the final design to help
and deploy the right solutions that maximise value for our deal with differing ground conditions.
clients and ensure a seamless integration.
FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2013
›› Owner: Crossrail
›› Client: Dragados Sisk JV
›› Contractor: Dragados Sisk JV

SERVICES
›› Review and assessment
›› Design of permanent and temporary works
›› Development of construction sequence
SCL 21

CROSSRAIL CONTRACT
C300-C410: WESTERN
RUNNING TUNNELS,
LONDON, UK
Design & Construct
Sprayed Concrete Lining Tunnel

Crossrail was one of the largest single infrastructure


investments ever undertaken in the UK. The project,
a new east-west railway for London and the South East
of England, provides high speed and high frequency
rail links for up to 72,000 passengers every hour
(from 2018), and includes 21 km of new underground
railway in twin-bored tunnels.

COWI’s subsidiary, Donaldson Associates, was


contracted to manage the SCL, scope included review,
excavation stability and mining settlement. The team
designed toolbox items and temporary works for 72
SCL tunnels, including 57 at Bond Street and Tottenham
Court Road stations, cross-overs at Fisher Street
and cross passages west of Farringdon. Donaldson
Associates was also part of the SCL onsite management
team with direct supervision of all tunnel construction

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2015
›› Owner: Crossrail
›› Client: BAM Ferrovial Kier JV
›› Contractor: BAM Ferrovial Kier JV

SERVICES
›› Due diligence review of SCL tunnels
›› Design of temporary measures and toolbox items
›› Provision of SCL engineers and superintendents
›› Design of sprayed concrete lining

© Crossrail Ltd.
DRILL & BLAST 23

NYCDEP –
CITY WATER TUNNEL #3
Manhattan, New York, USA
Design-Bid-Build
Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) for Tunnel /

DRILL & BLAST


Raise-Bore Technique and Drill & Blast for
Shafts

City Water Tunnel #3 is the largest capital construction


project in New York City history, covering 97 km, at an
Drill and blast remains a cost effective and optimal solution estimated cost of US$ 5 billion.
to hard rock tunnelling in certain situations – where shorter
lengths are required, to create caverns, or where the COWI was responsible for construction management of
the Manhattan section (stage 2) of the City Water Tunnel
ground conditions warrant it. #3 project, and for Nine Shafts in Manhattan. The project
was to build a 3,7 m diameter, 14,4 km long, 183 m
Our engineering specialists have years of experience and deep tunnel, and nine deep shafts.
technical know-how to anticipate the effects of drill and
blast, like vibration, and deploy the most appropriate rock To accomplish this, we selected a world class team of top
support methods for different conditions. resident engineers and inspectors, technical support staff,
project control staff and QA/QC committee to manage the
continuous inspection of all contractor operations for this
technically challenging, multi-site, mega project.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2013
›› Owner: The City of New York
Department of Environmental Protection
›› Client: JENNY, URS Corp-NY, a Joint Venture
›› Contractor: Schiavone Construction

SERVICES
›› Construction management
IMMERSED TUNNELS 25

BUSAN-GEOJE FIXED LINK,


KOREA
Immersed Tunnels

The Busan–Geoje Fixed Link is an 8,2 km bridge-

IMMERSED TUNNELS
tunnel connecting Busan to the island of Geoje. The
Busan–Geoje Fixed Link is the second deepest concrete
segment tunnel in the world, and presented some unique
challenges. For instance, the excavation of the tunnel
trench took place at 50 m depth, which involved exacting
requirements to excavation accuracy.
With many years of experience designing for the distinct
technical and practical challenges of immersed tunnels, COWI Challenging foundation requirements combined with
is a world leader in immersed tunnel technology and has the high water pressures required the development of an
specialist competencies to devise innovative and cost effective innovative solution for the element joints. Working in
solutions for our clients. partnership with GINA, a gasket manufacturer, COWI’s
specialist IMT engineers developed a unique solution
Constructing tunnels beneath wide and deep waterways requires to the problem that was successfully employed to over
special consideration both in the design and in the execution. come these challenges.

Design, water tightness and durability are particularly challenging


due to extraordinary conditions such as high water pressure and FACTS
chemical erosion. Our engineers have the experience to develop ›› Year of Completion: 2010
unique solutions to overcome these challenges ›› Owner: Authorities of South Gyeongsang Province,
South Korea
›› Client: Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd.
›› Contractor: Daewoo Engineerring and Construction Co.

SERVICES
›› Basic design
›› Detailed design for tunnels
›› Detailed design for mechanical and electrical works
›› Construction engineering
›› Follow-up during construction
IMMERSED TUNNELS 27

SÖDERSTRÖM
IMMERSED TUNNEL
Stockholm, Sweden
Design-Build
IMT

The Söderström tunnel is a 340 m long immersed


tunnel with dual railway tracks that run beneath central
Stockholm. It is part of the Citybanan (The Stockholm
City Line) project – 6 km of tunnels linking Södermalm
and Ridderholmen.

The main challenge in designing the Söderström tunnel


was the soft soil foundations that the tunnel is built on
and the connections to the adjacent rock tunnels.

COWI designed a unique immersed tunnel solution, the


first sandwich tunnel in Europe, using concrete and a
double steel shell, which allowed the tunnel elements to
float into the site with a very shallow draft.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2014
›› Owner: Swedish Transport Administration, Trafikverket
›› Client: JVS Söderströmstunneln HB,
E. Pihl & Søn A/G and Züblin AG
›› Contractor: JVS Söderströmstunneln HB,
E. Pihl & Søn A/G and Züblin AG

SERVICES
›› Tender design
›› Basic design
›› Detailed design
›› Construction follow up
MICROTUNNELLING 29

CAT-211, CATSKILL/DELAWARE
WATERSHEDS DAMS,
TUNNEL & FACILITIES, USA
The reconstruction of Catskill Watershed dams and
associated facilities, including the installation of a low

MICROTUNNELLING
level outlet tunnel at Gilboa Dam, ensures a safe and
stable water supply to New York City.

The project involved constructing a 2.7m ID pipe with


underwater retrieval in the Schoharie Reservoir. Its
A multitude of utility and telecommunications services are primary purpose is to facilitate reservoir drawdown
during emergencies and to allow partial or full
essential to modern life and are vying to expand all around us.
dewatering of the reservoir. COWI helped to delivered
a world-class engineering design solution and services
COWI has world leading expertise and experience in during construction.
utilising innovative technical solutions in the development of
underground spaces and in particular in the application of It is one of the largest microtunnels ever built in the US.
microtunnelling techniques to create small channels for utility
networks effectively and efficiently.
FACTS
›› Year of Completion: Ongoing
Increasingly congested urban space, and physical barriers ›› Owner: The City of New York,
such as highways, railways and watercourses, present Department of Environmental Protection
significant constraints to the routing and installation of this ›› Client: Gannett Fleming/Hazen and Sawyer, JV
›› Contractor: Southland Construction
infrastructure. Microtunnelling is a trenchless technology that
can be employed in compact spaces. SERVICES
›› Rehabilitation design
DEEP EXCAVATIONS 31

COPENHAGEN METRO,
CITYRINGEN, DENMARK
The new 15,2 km long Cityringen on the Copenhagen
Metro will form a circle line around Copenhagen and
was based on the station concept for the existing

DEEP EXCAVATIONS
metro. The age and proximity of buildings to the
stations as well as the different types of foundation
posed special challenges and required COWI to deliver
some unique solutions.

Cityringen will have 17 stations and three emergency


For urban mass transit systems, interconnecting and ventilation shafts all underground, of which 13 are
underground stations provide an effective means to deep and will require cut-and-cover box structures with
transport people between different points across the city. deep retaining walls of secant piles or diaphragm walls
To achieve this, complex station boxes are required. to support them.

With deep excavations, the right combination of Many of the stations are located in the heart of the city,
construction methods, strategic planning, and very close to existing buildings, that are 200 to 300
years old and built on timber frames, and required a
construction sequence will ensure a seamless project
design using watertight and rigid retaining walls.
implementation that is safe, functional and durable.
Specific construction methodologies and equipment
COWI provides full service for tunnel and underground will be required for different stages of the TBM
construction design and engineering. We have a pool of construction, which will primarily bore through
specialists with the experience and expertise in planning Copenhagen limestone, but will also need to drive
layouts of underground station boxes and in detailed through the overlying quaternary soil in the northern
part of the tunnel alignment.
design of temporary and permanent structures for both
employers and contractors.
FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2018 (est.)
›› Owner: Metroselskabet I/S
›› Client: Metroselskabet I/S
›› Contractor: CMT, a JV of Salini, Seli and Technimont

SERVICES
›› Conceptual Design
›› Owners tender design
›› Design review
›› Construction supervision
DEEP EXCAVATIONS 33

DOHA METRO,
RED LINE NORTH
Doha, Qatar
Design-Build
TBM, Station Boxes/Deep Excavations

The Red Line North is part of the development of Qatar’s


integrated railway network and will provide seven new
stations and 13 km of tunnels for the Doha Metro.

The project presented several significant challenges:


the design of large station boxes, the integration of
MEP and architectural requirements, and the need for
structures with a 100-year design life, suited to the harsh
environment of Doha.

Our engineers developed some innovative project


solutions including the application of the most advanced
durability design approach available (Duracrete) to
achieve the required 100-year design life for the steel fibre
reinforced concrete for the tunnel linings and the creative
use of temporary support systems for the station boxes.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2017 (est)
›› Owner: Qatar Railways Company
›› Client: Qatar Railways Company
›› Contractor: Salini Impregilo, SK, Galfar, Joint Venture

SERVICES
›› Tender design
›› Detailed design of permanent and temporary works
›› MEP detailed design
›› Architectural detailed design
›› Construction support
SHAFTS 35

OSIS AUGMENTATION
RELIEF SEWER (OARS)
Columbus, Ohio, USA
Design-Bid-Build
Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and Shaft Sinking

SHAFTS The City of Columbus decided to increase the capacity


of its sewer system with the OARS project, which
consists of six shafts and 23,500 lf of segmental lining
tunnel and a completed diameter of 6 m. The tunnel will
The interaction of ground and structure is never more apparent than be excavated in an area of karst rock that has also been
classified as “potentially gassy” and required special
in the design of a shaft. The delicate relationship between the ground
design considerations.
and the shaft sinking method is a perfect example of the importance
of including temporary and permanent works in the same design Our tunnel and shaft design solution included the
and construction process. COWI works closely with contractors and development of design criteria including groundwater
employers to ensure safe, efficient and functional designs, applying control, evaluation of construction methods, selection of
our deep technical knowledge and experience of shaft sinkage to appropriate construction techniques, and design of initial
and final tunnel linings.
manage and mitigate any ground risk.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: Ongoing
›› Owner: City of Columbus
›› Client: DLZ Corporation
›› Contractor: Phase I – Kenny Obayashi,
JV / Phase II – Trumbull Corporation

SERVICES
›› Design
›› Construction services
CAVERNS 37

HIGH SPEED GUANGZHOU-


SHENZHEN-HONG KONG
RAIL LINK (XRL)
Ngau Tam Mei to Tai Kong Po Tunnels,
Hong Kong, China

CAVERNS Design & Construct


Caverns

Contract 824 is a 2,6 km long, hard rock tunnel on the


Hong Kong section of the new high speed rail link between
COWI has extensive experience of projects involving Hong Kong and Guangzhou in mainland China.
large span caverns. Increasingly congested urban spaces
require ingenuity and lateral thinking to allow efficient A complex project requiring multidisciplinary competencies,
movement of people and goods: below ground thinking. Contract 824 required the design of two deep shafts (one
100 m deep), single track running tunnels (4 km of 7,8
The development of underground space also protects the m span, 7,6 m high), two bifurcations and a crossover
increasingly precious natural environment, such as hydro- cavern (22 m, 22 m and 29 m span), plus a pre-excavation
electric generation halls. COWI’s experience of metro, grouting system designed to reduce water ingress in fault
hydro and other underground space-related development, zones with high water pressure up to 15 bar.
includes hard and soft ground – drill and blast and SCL.
To avoid over-stressing the rock pillar to the adjacent
NTV shaft, COWI relocated the crossover cavern while
simultaneously reducing the length of ventilation duct tunnel
from 300 m to 25 m. This resourceful design solution
reduced project costs and added value for our client.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2015
›› Owner: MTR Corporation
›› Client: Kier Kaden Ossa JV
›› Contractor: Kier Kaden Ossa JV

SERVICES
›› Hard rock tunnel, drill and blast
›› Design of large span crossover cavern
›› Temporary and permanent support design
›› Numerical Modelling
›› Optimization

AWARD
›› 2015 Ground Engineering Awards:
International Project of the Year – Finalist
TUNNEL INSPECTIONS & REMEDIATION 39

LINCOLN & HOLLAND TUNNELS


New York and New Jersey, USA
Tunnel Refurbishment

The Lincoln and Holland Tunnel systems were built in


the 1920s and 1940s to carry vehicular traffic from New

TUNNEL INSPECTIONS Jersey to New York City. The tunnels became a vital link
to New York City and remain essential to the economy of

AND REMEDIATION
the Metropolitan Area.

In addition to performing cyclical condition inspections


and design of repairs for Lincoln and Holland Tunnels
and ancillary structures since 1997, COWI developed
a cutting edge computer-based plotting system for all
Tunnel maintenance is vital to the optimal and uninterrupted
existing tunnel settlement survey data and for all available
operation of services provided by the tunnels: security of water sounding data for the river above the tunnels. Using this
supply, regular rail service, continuous power generation. new technology, the client can review sounding data
versus time and tunnel settlement history for each location
Minor preventive maintenance and major refurbishment require where survey data is available and allows for input of new
regular tunnel inspections, effective maintenance strategies and data as it is obtained.
the intelligent design of remedial works.

COWI engineers have vast experience of every tunnelling FACTS


›› Year of Completion: Ongoing
technology and end use at every project stage. Their know- ›› Owner: The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey
how, combined with their expertise in monitoring, analysis, ›› Client: The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey
remediation methods, programme planning and management
means they are trusted by clients to deliver efficient, cost- SERVICES
›› Condition surveys
effective and award-winning plans and designs that minimise ›› Rehabilitation design
the impact on their business.
TUNNEL INSPECTIONS & REMEDIATION 41

HOLME RAILWAY TUNNEL


RECONSTRUCTION
Burnley, Lancashire, UK
Design & Construct
Tunnel Refurbishment

This 250 m-long bored twin track tunnel dates back


to 1849 has been deteriorating for many years due to
an ancient landslip, that caused the haunches to move
inwards by 320 mm and the crown to rise by 180 mm.

When previous stabilisation attempts in the 1980s and


90s failed, COWI was engaged to monitor the tunnel. This
led to us designing a major reconstruction strategy for the
tunnel that involved permeation grouting, new steel arches
with fibre-reinforced sprayed concrete lining, extensive
masonry repair and the replacement of concrete trackbed.

Working closely with Network Rail and the contractor,


COWI designed a construction methodology and
sequence completely integrated with the temporary and
permanent works solution to deliver an award-winning
tunnel reconstruction scheme which was on programme
and well within budget.

FACTS
›› Year of Completion: 2014
›› Owner: Network Rail
›› Client: AMCO
›› Contractor: AMCO

SERVICES
›› Geotechnical investigation and ground model
›› Temporary support design
›› Build programme to meet blockade lengths

AWARDS
›› National Rail Award, 2014 Civil Engineering Award of the Year
TUNNELS 43

DESIGNED BY COWI

EASTSIDE WATER SUPPLY SOUTH ISLAND LINE MTR MILL CREEK – PEAKS SHANGHAI CHONGMING THOMSON LINE CONTRACT BAOSHAN-LONGLING SILICON VALLEY FORCE MAIN DOWNTOWN LINE 2
RAW WATER INTAKE TUNNEL, CONTRACT 901, BRANCH DRAINAGE RELIEF YANGTZE RIVER TUNNEL 226, SINGAPORE EXPRESSWAY, CHINA ALIGNMENT STUDY, CONTRACT 918-TAN KAH KEE
USA HONG KONG PROJECT, USA PROJECT, CHINA USA** STATION, SINGAPORE

FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS


›› Year of Completion: 2012 ›› Year of Completion: 2014 ›› Year of Completion: 2014 ›› Year of Completion: 2004 ›› Year of completion: 2013 ›› Year of completion: 2008 ›› Year of Completion: Ongoing ›› Year of completion: 2013
›› Owner: Monroe County Water ›› Owner: MTR Corporation Ltd, ›› Owner: City of Dallas ›› Owner: Shanghai Huchong Cross ›› Owner: Land Transport Authority, ›› Owner: Yunnan Baolong Expressway ›› Owner: Silicon Valley Clean Water ›› Owner: Land Transport Authority,
Authority (MCWA) Hong Kong ›› Client: City of Dallas River Investment and Development Singapore Co. Ltd (SVCW) Singapore
›› Client: O’Brien & Gere Engineers ›› Client: Kier/Laing O’Rourke KAden JV Co. Ltd ›› Client: Leighton Contractors (Asia) Ltd and the Asian Development Bank ›› Client: Kennedy / Jenks Consultants ›› Client: Alpine Bau GmbH
›› Contractor: Southland Construction ›› Contractor: Kier/Laing O’Rourke SERVICES ›› Client: Shanghai Huchong Cross ›› Contractor: Leighton Contractors ›› Client: Yunnan Baolong Expressway ›› Contractor: Alpine Bau GmbH
KAden JV ›› Design River Investment and Development (Asia) Ltd Co. Ltd SERVICES
SERVICES ›› Geotechnical evaluation Co. Ltd and the Asian Development Bank ›› Conceptual design SERVICES
›› Cost estimate SERVICES ›› Cost estimate ›› Contractor: N/A SERVICES ›› Contractor: N/A ›› Final design ›› Technical advice
›› Design ›› Technical advice ›› Tender stage design ›› Geotechnical services ›› Assessment of optimal ground
›› Geotechnical investigations SERVICES SERVICES ›› Cost estimate treatment and construction
›› Resident engineering ›› Preliminary design including ›› Construction management techniques for crosspassages during
›› Construction support segmental lining design ›› Design review construction phase
›› Durability design ›› Inspection of construction methods
›› Technical advice on tunnelling
methods in soft clay conditions,
ventilation and fire safety
TUNNELS 45

TAIWAN HIGH SPEED RAIL TORONTO-YORK SPADINA EXPRESS RAIL LINK COPENHAGEN AIRPORT UNIVERSITY OF NORTH HONG KONG ZHUHAI, MACAO FOURTH VICTORIA HARBOUR WACHOVIA-FIRST STREET
PROJECT, TAIWAN SUBWAY EXTENSION, CONTRACT 822, AND THE SYDHAVNSGADE CAROLINA-GREENSBORO BRIDGE, HONG KONG LINK IMMERSED TUNNEL, PEDESTRIAN TUNNELS,
CANADA HONG KONG TUNNEL, DENMARK RAILROAD PEDESTRIAN AND ROAD TUNNELS, HONG KONG USA
BIKE UNDERPASS, USA HONG KONG

FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS


›› Year of completion: 2005 ›› Year of Completion: 2013 ›› Year of completion: 2013 ›› Year of completion: 1998 ›› Year of Completion: 2013 ›› Year of completion: 2014 ›› Year of completion: 2009 ›› Year of Completion: 2008
›› Owner: Taiwan High Speed Rail ›› Owner: Toronto Transit Commission ›› Owner: MTR Corporation Ltd, HK ›› Owner: A/S Øresundsforbindelsen ›› Owner: University of North Carolina- ›› Owner: Highways Department HK SAR ›› Owner: Kowloon-Canton Railway ›› Owner: Wachovia
Consortium (THSRC) ›› Client: Armtec ›› Client: MTR Corporation Ltd, HK ›› Client: A/S Øresundsforbindelsen Greensboro ›› Client: China State Construction (HK) Corporation ›› Client: Bradshaw Construction
›› Client: Hyundai-Chung Lin JV, ›› Contractor: South Tunnel: ›› Contractor: N/A ›› Client: Wagner Murray Architects, P.A. Ltd ›› Client: Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation
Hochtief-Ballast Nedam-Pan Asia JV. McNally-Kiewit-Aecon Partnership, SERVICES ›› Contractor: New Atlantic Contracting ›› Contractor: China State Construction Corporation ›› Contractor: Bradshaw Construction
›› Contractor: Hyundai-Chung Lin JV, North Tunnel: OHL FCC, Joint Venture ›› Independent review SERVICES (HK) Ltd ›› Contractor: N/A Corporation
Hochtief-Ballast Nedam-Pan Asia JV ›› Technical advice ›› Tender documents SERVICES
SERVICES ›› Detailed design ›› Design SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES
SERVICES ›› Design ›› Independent design check ›› Construction support ›› Technical advice ›› Concept design ›› Design
›› Independent design check ›› Construction management ›› Design modification of tunnel support ›› Scheme design ›› Construction engineering
of lots of C240 and C250 ›› Technical advice ›› Construction supervision ›› Tender design
›› Construction site supervision ›› Post tender assistance to the Owner
TUNNELS 47

HARBOUR AREA TREATMENT HELSINGØR-HELSINGBORG CENTRAL ARTERY/I-90 BIRD LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI CONWY ESTUARY TUNNEL, FORT POINT CHANNEL UPPER KOTMALE HYDRO CHENGDU METRO,
SCHEME STAGE 2 (HATS), TUNNEL, DENMARK-SWEDEN ISLAND FLATS TUNNEL BOUNDARY CONTROL POINT, WALES CONCRETE IMMERSED TUBE ELECTRIC SCHEME, CHINA
HONG KONG SECTION D007A, USA HONG KONG TRANSITWAY TUNNELS, USA SRI LANKA

FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS


›› Year of completion: 2013 ›› Year of completion: 2008-2009 ›› Year of Completion: 1996 ›› Year of completion: 2013 ›› Year of completion: 1992 ›› Year of Completion: 2004 ›› Year of completion: 2011 ›› Year of completion: 2007
›› Owner: HK Government Drainage ›› Owner: IBU Øresund ›› Owner: Massachusetts Highway ›› Owner: Hong Kong Government ›› Owner: The Welsh Office ›› Owner: Massachusetts Bay ›› Owner: Ceylon Electricity Board ›› Owner: Chengdu Leading Group of
Services Department ›› Client: IBU Øresund Department ›› Client: Nishimatsu China State JV ›› Client: Travers Morgan Transportation Authority (MBTA) ›› Client: Maeda-Nishimatsu JV Metro Construction and Kreditanstalt
›› Client: Chun Wo-CEC JV ›› Contractor: N/A ›› Client: Gannett Fleming ›› Contractor: Nishimatsu China State ›› Contractor: Costain Tarmac JV ›› Client: Massachusetts Bay ›› Contractor: Maeda-Nishimatsu JV für Wiederafbau
›› Contractor: Chun Wo-CEC JV ›› Contractor: Modern Continental JV Transportation Authority (MBTA) ›› Client: Chengdu Leading Group of
SERVICES SERVICES ›› Contractor: Modern Continental SERVICES Metro Construction and Kreditanstalt
SERVICES ›› Feasibility study SERVICES SERVICES ›› Tender design ›› Review of ground conditions für Wiederafbau
›› Design of rock mass grouting scheme ›› Design ›› Tender stage design ›› Detailed design SERVICES ›› Contractor: N/A
›› Construction supervision ›› Construction engineering ›› Construction site supervision ›› Final design
›› Cost estimate ›› Construction services SERVICES
›› Technical advice
TUNNELS 49

NYCDEP WATER TUNNEL SOUTH ISLAND LINE GEORGE MASSEY TUNNEL, WASHINGTON METRO SOUTH ISLAND LINE IMMERSED TUNNEL FOR THE WORLD TRADE CENTER CLYDE TUNNEL,
CONSTRUCTION, CONTRACT 904, CANADA SECTION E-5, FORT TOTTEN CONTRACT 902, HONG KONG-ZHUHAI-MACAO TRANSPORTATION HUB, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND
USA HONG KONG STATION & TUNNELS, USA HONG KONG FIXED LINK USA

FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS FACTS


›› Year of Completion: 2011 ›› Year of completion: 2010 ›› Year of completion: 2008 ›› Year of Completion: 1992 ›› Year of completion: 2010 ›› Year of Completion: 2017 (est.) ›› Year of Completion: 2009 ›› Year of completion: 2007
›› Owner: The City of New York ›› Owner: MTR Corporation HK ›› Owner: Ministry of Transportation ›› Owner: Washington Metropolitan ›› Owner: MTR Corporation ›› Owner: Project office of Hong Kong- ›› Owner: The Port Authority ›› Owner: Glasgow City Council
Department of Environmental ›› Client: Kier-China State JV and Highways, British Columbia Area Transit Authority ›› Client: Kier Kaden JV Zhuhai-Macao Bridge of New York and New Jersey ›› Client: Glasgow City Council
Protection ›› Contractor: Kier-China State JV ›› Client: Ministry of Transportation ›› Client: Sheladia Associates, Inc. ›› Contractor: Kier Kaden JV ›› Client: Highway Plan and Design ›› Client: The Port Authority ›› Contractor: BYZAK
›› Client: The City of New York and Highways, British Columbia ›› Contractor: Mergentine Corporation Institute of New York and New Jersey
Department of Environmental SERVICES ›› Contractor: N/A SERVICES ›› Contractor: China Communications ›› Contractor: Phoenix Constructors SERVICES
Protection ›› Tender stage design SERVICES ›› Tender stage design Construction Co. (CCCC). ›› Design
›› Contractor: Schiavone Construction SERVICES ›› Geotechnical investigation SERVICES ›› Design of fire protective lining system
›› Design of seismic retrofit ›› Design SERVICES ›› Design of various foundation elements
SERVICES ›› Construction services ›› Feasibility study and earth support systems
›› Geotechnical investigation ›› Conceptual design
›› Design ›› Preliminary Design
›› Construction services
BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND

WE CAN MARINE STRUCTURES

CONNECT YOU
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MEET US AT: www.cowi.com

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