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    Study of Robotic Sensors

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    Tb Shilpa
    This document summarizes various robotic sensors and their applications. It describes sensors such as radar, laser, lidar, scanning laser, electrostatic ultrasonics, and sonar. For each sensor, it provides a picture, description of how it works, and typical robotic uses. The document aims to provide an overview of different robotic sensors for students to learn about their functions and applications in robots.

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    Study of Robotic Sensors

    Uploaded by

    Tb Shilpa
    73 views4 pages
    This document summarizes various robotic sensors and their applications. It describes sensors such as radar, laser, lidar, scanning laser, electrostatic ultrasonics, and sonar. For each sensor, it provides a picture, description of how it works, and typical robotic uses. The document aims to provide an overview of different robotic sensors for students to learn about their functions and applications in robots.

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    This document summarizes various robotic sensors and their applications. It describes sensors such as radar, laser, lidar, scanning laser, electrostatic ultrasonics, and sonar. For each sensor, it provides a picture, description of how it works, and typical robotic uses. The document aims to provide an overview of different robotic sensors for students to learn about their functions and applications in robots.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    73 views4 pages

    Study of Robotic Sensors

    Uploaded by

    Tb Shilpa
    This document summarizes various robotic sensors and their applications. It describes sensors such as radar, laser, lidar, scanning laser, electrostatic ultrasonics, and sonar. For each sensor, it provides a picture, description of how it works, and typical robotic uses. The document aims to provide an overview of different robotic sensors for students to learn about their functions and applications in robots.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Study of Robotic Sensors

    Paper by

    R.Dilip.Rao
    VII Sem Mechanical Engg
    S.D.M.Engineering College
    Dharwad

    E-mail-cooldilip@hotmail.com
    Abstract
    This paper is an effort towards learning about different robotic sensors and their
    applications to conclude with.

    Introduction
    A sensor is a type of transducer, or mechanism that responds to a type of energy by
    producing another type of energy signal, usually electrical. They are either direct
    indicating (an electrical meter) or are paired with an indicator (perhaps indirectly through
    an analog to digital converter, a computer and a display) so that the value sensed is
    translated for human understanding. Types of sensors include electromagnetic, chemical,
    biological and acoustic.

    In order to act as an effectual sensor, the following guidelines must be met:

    The sensor should be sensitive to the measured property

    The sensor should be insensitive to any other property

    The sensor should not influence the measured property


    In theory, when the sensor is working perfectly, the output signal of a sensor is exactly
    proportional to the value of the property it is meant to measure. The gain is then defined
    as the ratio between output signal and measured property. For example, if a sensor
    measures temperature and has an actual voltage output, the gain is a constant with the
    unit.

    When the sensor is not perfect, various deviations can occur, including gain error, long
    term drift, and noise. These and other deviations can be classified as systematic, or
    random, errors. Systematic deviations may be compensated for by means of some kind of
    calibration strategy. Noise is an example of a random error that can be reduced by signal
    processing, such as filtering, usually at the expense of the dynamic behavior of the
    sensor.

    Few of the sensors used in general applications are listed below along with their
    description, picture and typical use.
    Name Picture Description Typical Use Robotic
    robot obstacle
    range based on time detection through
    of flight of radio rain and snow, Collecting dish and
    Radar
    energy pulses, range range 1-64m 2deg, waveguide make this difficult
    a function of antenna size 30cm radius, to apply to smaller robots.
    size (ft to miles) 0.25m resolution,
    1.5m separation

    range based on time


    of flight of radio automatic door waveguides dominate size,
    Radar
    energy pulses, range openers for high frequency components
    Microwave
    a function of antenna department stores (50+ GHz)
    size (ft to miles)

    4-150m range, 15xl8xl5cm,


    based on reflection
    becoming popular 0.5% angle, 50mm range
    and triangulation.
    Sick Laser platform in resolution, processing
    Spinning laser strip
    robotics required, 24vdc Most limiting
    and reflected light
    aspect is size.

    based on
    Used alot for
    triangulation with
    Lidar atmospheric
    internal psd, these Fast electronics required
    Light analysis. Some
    original designs were (1ns=5in), large optics area,
    Detection work in obstacle
    very expensive and range error up to 5m
    and Ranging detection for
    not readily available
    robots
    5m to 20km

    combined laser
    stripping (laser w/ Grocery store
    spinning mirror) with scanners, bar code Most difficulty in measuring
    Scanning
    video camera, range a readers Some TOF of laser, needs fast
    laser
    function of height in limited application electronics. Some optics
    w/detector
    video image, to obstacle required as well
    difficulties in detection in robots
    alignment of optics

    Detector essentially a
    large capacitor with
    an ultrasonic
    Obstacle range
    resonance Same
    Electrostatic detection, tank Requires high bias voltages
    detector can transmit
    Ultrasonics level, stud and drive currents.
    and receive. Wide
    detection
    frequency response
    (50kHz), good
    sensitivity.
    complete sonar
    Polaroid rangefinder w/analog Staple of most
    300V 2amp transducer surge
    Sonar interface. Range robotic platforms
    30cm to 6m
    Acknowledgements
    I would like to thank my teachers Sri K.A.Sateesh, Sri G.R.Sattigeri, Sri
    Prashant Marikatti for reviewing the paper and all the teachers in my
    department. I also wish to thank google for providing a wide database of
    information on robotics.

    References
    1) Robot Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices—Paul.E.Sandin
    2) Google search engine.

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