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    SQL

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    bala_ccc3353
    This document discusses SQL and why it is important to learn. It covers basic SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers concepts like primary keys, joins, views and indexes.

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    SQL

    Uploaded by

    bala_ccc3353
    48 views20 pages
    This document discusses SQL and why it is important to learn. It covers basic SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers concepts like primary keys, joins, views and indexes.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    This document discusses SQL and why it is important to learn. It covers basic SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers concepts like primary keys, joins, views and indexes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views20 pages

    SQL

    Uploaded by

    bala_ccc3353
    This document discusses SQL and why it is important to learn. It covers basic SQL commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It also covers concepts like primary keys, joins, views and indexes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 20

    SQL for run aways

    SQL for database requests

    08.01.2020 Eike Hauptmann


    © INNEO Solutions GmbH
    Why should I learn SQL?

    - We use SQL every day in our daily processes


    - SQL would be used in:
    - Our license tools, daily used programs, the intranet, nearly every website
    - PTC Windchill
    - PTC Thingworx
    -
    What SQL means?

    - SQL Structured Query Language

    - ANSI (since 1986), ISO - Standard (since 1987)


    - current: ISO/IEC 9075-1:2016 - ISO/IEC 9075-15:2019
    What do I need for it?

    - A SQL database:
    - File based (SQLite)
    -

    - A program / service to connect to it


    - SQLite Browser (DB Browser for SQLite)
    - MSSQL Workbench
    - phpMySql
    -
    - SQL-database work with the ACID paradigm
    - A Atomic
    - C Consistent
    - I Isolated
    - D Durable
    1983 Theo Härder, Andreas Reuter
    Uniqueness

    - Primary Key
    - unique
    - not NULL
    - can be one or more columns

    - Secondary / Foreign Key


    - Connect 2 tables
    - 1 : 1 , 1 : n , (n : m) Relations
    Standard Commands
    SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name;

    - SELECT - CREATE TABLE


    - INSERT INTO - ALTER TABLE
    - DROP TABLE
    - UPDATE
    - DELETE - CREATE INDEX
    - DROP INDEX
    - CREATE DATABASE
    - ALTER DATABASE
    SELECT and ?
    SELECT

    SELECT * FROM Customers;

    SELECT Country FROM Customers;

    SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM Customers;

    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Country) FROM Customers;

    SELECT COUNT (*) AS DistinctCountries FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Country


    FROM Customers);
    SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition;

    SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID=1;


    SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country= ;

    =, >, <, >=, <=, <>, BETWEEN c1 AND c2, LIKE , IN (c1, c2,

    AND, OR, NOT

    COUNT (*) GROUP BY


    ORDER BY ASC/DESC
    SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country LIKE );
    Symbol Description Example
    % Represents zero or more characters bl% finds bl, black, blue, and blob
    _ Represents a single character h_t finds hot, hat, and hit
    [] Represents any single character within the brackets h[oa]t finds hot and hat, but not hit
    ^ Represents any character not in the brackets h[^oa]t finds hit, but not hot and hat

    - Represents a range of characters c[a-b]t finds cat and cbt


    Alias

    - Return values and tables can get alias names

    SELECT column_name AS alias_name1 FROM table_name AS alias_name2;


    SELECT column_names FROM table_name WHERE column_name IS NULL;

    SELECT column_names FROM table_name WHERE column_name IS NOT NULL;


    INSERT INTO

    INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)


    VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

    INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

    SQLite
    INSERT OR REPLACE

    MySQL
    INSERT OR UPDATE
    UPDATE

    UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...


    WHERE condition;

    UPDATE table_name SET column1 = REPLACE(column1,'410','+1-410');


    DELETE FROM

    DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;


    - SQL-
    - Columns with a primary key are indexed every time
    - Can be created explicit
    - Would be updated automatically
    - Slow the system when there are to much / not used ones

    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1, column2, ...);


    DROP INDEX index_name;
    - Would be updated (mostly) automatically
    - Can be used to select or preprepare
    - Are an easy way to brake down complex requests and the amount of data
    that need to be processed just in time
    - Are (mostly) read only

    CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT * FROM table_name ;


    DROP VIEW index_name;
    Joins

    - INNER JOIN can also be created through WHERE clauses

    SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderDate FROM


    Orders, Customers WHERE Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;

    SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderDate FROM


    Orders INNER JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;
    UNION

    - UNION is like a DISTINCT FULL OUTER JOIN

    SELECT Country FROM Customers UNION SELECT Country FROM Suppliers;

    EXCEPT INTERSECT

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