DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY
POLITEKNIK MERSING, JOHOR

WIRELESS WATER QUALITY MONITORING (WWQM)

GROUP MEMBERS

MUHAMMAD KHUSAIRI BIN SALMAN 25DNS16F1016

MUHAMAD NORAIMAN BIN GHAZALI 25DNS15F1048
NURAIN BINTI MADZLEN 25DNS16F1004

SUPERVISOR: SITI FARAH BINTI HJ. HUSSIN

NETWORKING SYSTEM

SESSION JUNE 2018

 DECLARATION

Our group hereby declare that this project report is based on our original work except
for citation and quotations which have been duly acknowledged. Our group also
declares that it has not been previously and concurrently submitted for any other
Diploma or award at Polytechnic or any other institutions.

1. Signature :
Name : MUHAMMAD KHUSAIRI BIN SALMAN
Register Number : 25DNS16F1016
Date :

2. Signature :
Name : MUHAMAD NORAIMAN BIN GHAZALI
Register Number : 25DNS16F1048
Date :

3. Signature :
Name : NURAIN BINTI MADZLEN
Register Number : 25DNS16F1004
Date :

i
 APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION

Project report entitled:-

“WIRELESS WATER WUALITY MONITORING”

Submitted by:
MUHAMMAD KHUSAIRI BIN SALMAN 25DNS16F1016
MUHAMAD NORAIMAN BIN GHAZALI 25DNS15F1048
NURAIN BINTI MADZLEN 25DNS16F1004

This project report has been proposed, checked and approved as a fulfilment and
need of report writing as determined.

Checked by:
Supervisor’s Signature :
Supervisor’s Name : PUAN SITI FARAH BINTI HJ HUSSIN
Date :

Approved by:
Head of Department’s Signature :
Head of Department’s Name : ENCIK LAJIM BIN MOLAH
Date :

ii
 ACKNOWLEDMENT

Assalamualaikum W.B.T

Praise to Allah, finally the Final Year Project (FYP) report is completed. In order to
complete this report, we had communicated with many people. They have contributed
towards our understanding and thought about our project.

First and foremost, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to our supervisor,
Madam Siti Farah binti Hj Hussin who is really kind, patience and continuously guided
by share her time and knowledge during our project development.

Other than that, special thanks to our parents because always give us moral support
and finance to complete this project. Thanks a lot to our lecture for the collaboration
in helping us to complete our model project and coding for the coding.

Last but not least, not to forget friends who have given ideas during the process of
completing these report. Without them, our group might have lost track in what group
supposed to do. They have also never sighed in giving their cooperation when our
group needed help on something related our project. Finally, thank you so much.

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 ABSTRACT

Wireless Water Quality Monitoring is a device to measure the temperature, pH level,

amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish
pond. Then, notify the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond
by using LCD, LED and buzzer and send the notification for reading by using MIT
Application. Also secure the device and application with authentication by enter
username and password. The various hardware used for this project are Arduino Mega,
NodeMCU, DS18B20 temperature sensor, LCD module 20x4, LED, Piezo Buzzer and
water pump. Arduino IDE is the platform to program the coding and the most
important thing in this project is Arduino.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ITEM PAGE

DECLARATION i
APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v-vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix-x

v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 1-2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scopes 2-4
1.4.1 User Scope
1.4.2 System Scope
1.4.2.1 Hardware
1.4.2.2 Software
1.5 Project Significant 4-5
1.6 Conclusion 5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Concept and Theory 6-7
2.3 Previous Research / Project 7-18
2.3.1 Comparison of Previous Research / Project
2.3.2 Hardware Description
2.3.3 Software Description
2.4 Conclusion 18

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.3 Introduction 19
3.4 Project Methodology 19-20
3.2.1 Determining Objectives
3.2.2 Identify and Resolve Risks
3.2.3 Development and Test
3.2.4 Plan the Next Iteration
3.5 Conclusion 21

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CHAPTER 4 RESULT
4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Design 22-23
4.2.1 Schematic Diagram
4.2.2 Physical Diagram
4.3 Finding 24-28
4.3.1 Connectivity
4.3.1.1 ThingSpeak
4.3.1.2 MIT Application
4.3.2 Full Prototype

4.4 Conclusion 28

CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction 29
5.2 Discussion 29
5.3 Conclusion 30
5.4 Future Recommendation 30

REFERENCES 31
APPENDIX 32-34
Gant Chart
Project Cost
Coding

vii
 LIST OF TABLE

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE

2.3.1 Comparison of Project 7-8

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES NO TITLE PAGE

2.3.2.1 Arduino Mega 9

2.3.2.2 NodeMCU 10

2.3.2.3 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor 10

2.3.2.4 Analog pH Meter pH Sensor 11

2.2.3.5 Analog Turbidity Sensor 11

2.2.3.6 Ultrasonic Sensor 12

2.2.3.7 LCD Display 12

2.2.3.8 Piezo Buzzer 13

2.3.2.9 LED or IRED 14

2.3.2.10 Water Pump 15

2.3.2.11 Relay 15

2.3.3.1 Arduino IDE 16

2.3.3.2 ThingSpeak 17

2.3.3.3 MIT App Inventor 18

4.2.1 Schematic Diagram 23

4.2.2 Physical Diagram 23

4.3.1 Temperature Testing 24

4.3.2 pH Testing 24

4.3.3 Turbidity Testing 24

4.3.4 All Sensors Testing 25

4.3.1.1 Login ThingSpeak 25

ix
4.3.1.2 Channel and Field ThingSpeak 26

4.3.1.3 Graph ThingSpeak 26

4.3.1.2 Design of Application and the Blocks 28

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

This project use an Arduino Mega as a monitor for our Wireless Water Quality
Monitoring (WWQM). Arduino is very popular for those who want to build IoT
project. In this project, we can know the temperature, pH level, turbidity of water and
water level in the fish pond. We also can get the notification about the temperature,
pH level, turbidity of water and water level from application that we program from
Arduino Mega. We secure the device and application with authentication by enter the
username and password.

Arduino is a computer hardware, software and project microcontroller kits for

building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in
the physical life. In addition to using traditional compiler tool software, such as like
Arduino Software (IDE). The Arduino project provides an integrated development
environment (IDE) based on the processing language project.

This project is based on Arduino serial monitor to send data to the board. The
Serial Monitor is a separate pop-up window that acts as a separate terminal that
communicates by receiving and sending Serial Data. The data can be read by Arduino
and display the output on LCD or application on our devices.
The project Wireless Water Quality Monitoring (WWQM) functional to detect
the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and
water level in the fish pond. This project also can read the temperature, pH level,
turbidity of water and water level in one LCD and monitor by the application that
created. It can be easy to the user to read and know the temperature, level of pH,
amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level by using our
devices.

1.2 Problem Statement

In this project, it will propose a Wireless Water Quality Monitoring (WWQM)
to change from a manual ways to wireless concept. This is because the manual method
is not systematic and more wasted time than this project. Mostly fish farmers in the
world have to check the quality of the water in the fish pond to overcome a good quality
of fish. It take manual ways to check temperature, pH level, amount of light that is
scattered by the suspended solids and water level by using for example a thermometer
probe and pH meter. This will make user to take a long time to check for the water. It
is also difficult to measure the right temperature, pH level, amount of light that is

1
scattered by the suspended solids and water level. With this project, we can check the
temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and
water level in the same time also can read the data log in by using ThingSpeak and can
monitor by application that created using MIT Application. This is easier rather than
that user need to manually check the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is
scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond.

1. Manual method take a long time to check the temperature, pH level, amount
of light
that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond.

2. Manually check the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered

by the

suspended solids and water level by using for example a thermometer probe
and pH meter.

3. Possibility hard to get the right temperature, pH level, amount of light that
is scattered
by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond.

1.3 Objectives

1. To measure the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the

suspended solids and water level in the fish pond by using DS18B20
temperature sensor, Analog PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and
HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.
2. To notify the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond
by using LCD, LED and buzzer.
3. To send the notification for the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level
in the fish pond by using MIT Application.
4. Secure the device and application with authentication by enter username and
password.

1.4 Scope Project

The project scope for this project has been divided into two which are user
scope and system scope. This project officially created for staff in Jabatan Perikanan
Malaysia as a working tool such as getting information for resources from fish farmers.
This project also may be the one thing as helper for our staff in Jabatan Perikanan

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Malaysia. We create this project also to reduce the energy of staff in Jabatan Perikanan
Malaysia from checking the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by
the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond manually. This project use
wireless concept to make staff in Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia to find out the
temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and
water level in the fish pond. By this thing, user can check it by using ThingSpeak
which is the data log into it and monitor by application that created.

For this project, we setup the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is
scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond. It is easy to know
the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and
water level in the fish pond. After that, we convert the temperature, pH level, amount
of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the application in
smartphone. It easy to read the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered
by the suspended solids and water level in the same time. In that way, an application
will be a platform to notice a notification on our devices when temperature, pH level,
amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level surpassed or
lose the target. If the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the
suspended solids and water level surpassed or lose the target, the colour of LED at the
Arduino will be blink and the user get the notification. It also will give an alarm from
the buzzer.

1.4.1 User Scope

Wireless Water Quality Monitoring make easier to who use this project for
their working process. For this project, the user targets for this project are:

Target user:
1. Staff in Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia
2. Fish farmers
3. Agriculture Student

1.4.2 System Scope

The system scope for this project has been divided into two which are software
and hardware.

1.4.2.1 Software

Software plays an important role in this project as it may affect the system
directly and indirect at the same time. First at all, the most important component is the
operating system, we use Windows 10 to install the Arduino Software (IDE) for the
platform to program the coding and the most important thing in this project is Arduino.

3
The microcontrollers are mainly programmed using a dialect of features from the
programming languages C and C++. The Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project. After that,
we use ThingSpeak and MIT application as a tool to store data and get a notification.
We will create an application for this project to push out the notification and by that
application we can monitor temperature, pH level and amount of light that is scattered
by the suspended solids of water and water level in the fish pond. It can display sensor
data and ThingSpeak. ThingSpeak and MIT Application are an Internet-of-Things
(IoT) platform that allows us to develop our own connected solutions easily and
affordably.

1.4.2.2 Hardware

The first hardware that needed in this project is Arduino Mega. Arduino is a
computer hardware, software and project microcontroller kits for building digital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical life.
This project’s board designs, which are manufactured by multiple vendors, use a
variety of microprocessors and controllers. The Arduino need to program by using
C++ language to perform the output for this project. This project use Arduino because
it is ready to use structure. As Arduino comes in complete package from which
includes the 5V regulator, a burner, an oscillator, a micro-controller, serial
communication interface, LED and headers for the connections.

After that, this project will use DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog PH meter
PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor as monitoring
tools. The DS18B20 temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of water
in the fish pond, the Analog PH meter PH sensor is used to measure the pH level of
the water in the fish pond, the Analog turbidity sensor is used to measure the amount
of light that scattered by the suspended solids of water in the fish ponds and the HC-
SR04 ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the water level in the fish pond. The readings
from this sensor are then feedback to the Arduino.

1.5 Project Significant

This project needed to help our staff in Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia for save
their energy in checking the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by
the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond manually. For staff in Jabatan
Perikanan Malaysia, this project will be a tool for working process with the right
temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and
water level in the fish pond. After that, we convert the temperature, pH level, amount
of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the application in
the smartphone. It easy to read the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is
scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the same time. This project also

4
can detect the quality of water in the fish pond. By using this project, the users no
longer need to worry about the quality of the fish because this project can ensure the
quality of fish in the fish pond.

1.6 Conclusion

The first chapter was explained the four objectives that must be achieved for
this project. In the end of the project, those four objectives need to archive. Firstly is
to measure the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended
solids and water level in the fish pond by using DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog
PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, to notify
the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond by using LCD,
LED and buzzer to send the notification for the temperature, pH level, turbidity and
water level in the fish pond by using MIT Application and secure the device and
application with authentication by enter username and password. This project Wireless
Water Quality Monitoring (WWQM) using Arduino is very easy to use. This project
use using DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity
sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and send the data logger to ThingSpeak also
monitor by the application created. If the temperature, pH level, amount of light that
is scattered by the suspended solids and water level surpassed or lose the target, the
colour of LED at the Arduino will be blink and the user get the notification. It also will
give an alarm from the buzzer.

5
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The literature review the final year project. Definition of Term and Previous
Project. Literature review are based on searching, collecting, analysing and drawing
conclusion from all debates and issues raised in relevant body of literature such as
book, journal, technical, reports, web pages and e-book. In this part, many research
have been done to collect information related to this project. There are plenty of
researches could be found in internet, e-book, journals and etc.

After that, the aim of comparison another project with Wireless Water Quality
Monitoring (WWQM) to know the advantages and disadvantages another project that
can be as the references of this project. In this project, there are equipment that are
using as Arduino Mega, Nodemcu, DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog PH meter
PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.
All the disadvantages are easy broken due to the component that not
waterproof, high cost and there is one project that only can be use one time for one
person only. Besides, it needs Wi-Fi connection to link to the application that created.
This is easier rather than monitor the data manually by user.

2.2 Concept and Theory

This project entitled to “Wireless Water Quality Monitoring”. The objectives

of the project is to measure and control the temperature, pH level, amount of light that
is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond by using DS18B20
temperature sensor, Analog PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and HC-
SR04 ultrasonic sensor, to notify the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level
in the fish pond by using LCD, LED and buzzer. Also to send the notification for the
temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond by using MIT
Application and secure the device and application with authentication.

The various hardware used for this project are NodeMCU, DS18B20
Temperature Sensor, Analog pH Meter pH Sensor, Analog Turbidity Sensor, HC-
SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, LCD module 20x4, Led, Piezo Buzzer and Water pump.
Arduino IDE is the platform to program the coding and the most important thing in
this project is Arduino. The microcontrollers are mainly programmed using a dialect
of features from the programming languages C and C++.

Wireless Water Quality Monitoring is a device for staff in Jabatan Perikanan

Malaysia to check the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the
suspended solids and water level in the fish pond. This project can make the staff in
Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia to get the right reading of temperature, pH level, amount

6
of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond. By
using this project, the staff in Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia can get a good quality of
fish due to a good quality of water in the fish pond that monitor by this devices and
get the notification by using an applications.

2.3 Previous Research

1. Water Quality Monitoring and Notification System

2. Aquarium Auto Refill with Arduino
3. Intelligent Bio-Detector

2.3.1 Comparison of Previous Research

Table 2.3.1: Comparison of Project

NAME OF Water Quality Aquarium Auto Intelligent Bio-

PROJECT Monitoring and Refill with Arduino Detector
Notification System

Purpose To monitor the To use a float switch

To measure the
quality of water, and RobotGeek
vital
interns of pumping station to
parameters of
monitoring the the
refill a reservoir patient’s
level of water, the once the level gets
health
temperature of the too low To process the
water and its data collected
surrounding, the and
turbidity of the automatically
water as well as the send a message
pH levels of the to either the
water hospital or
loved ones in
case of an
emergency
Software Arduino IDE Arduino IDE Arduino IDE
LabVIEW
Hardware Arduino UNO & Arduino UNO
Arduino Mega
Genuino UNO micro-
Board
RobotGeek controller
(16 * 2) LCD Pumping Station GSM, GPRS,
display Seed Water Level SIM900 shield
Switch pH sensor

7
 The 2 in one RobotGeek 3.5 mm Pulse sensor
Temperature and Sillicone Tubing Grove Oxygen
PH sensor RobotGeek Small gas sensor
Workbench TMP36
The Turbidity
RobotGeek temperature
Sensor
Geekduino sensor
A GSM shield RobotGeek Sensor EMG sensor
An ultrasonic Shield LCD 16x2
Sensor RobotGeek Duino LCM1602C
Mount
4 RGB led
RobotGeek 300mm
A buzzer. 3-pin Sensor Cable
10 packs
RobotGeek 3-Pin
Coupler – 25 packs
RobotGeek LED
Driver
RobotGeek DC
Squid Cable
RobotGeek 6V/2A
Power Supply
Advantages Easier to monitor the Can refill the Can know to
quality of water reservoir measure
automatically parameters of
the patient’s
health
automatically

Disadvantages Easy broken due to High cost Can be use one

the component that time for one
not waterproof person only

8
2.3.2 Hardware Description

2.3.2.1 Arduino Mega

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware

and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning
on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by
sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use
the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software
(IDE), based on Processing.

The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560.

It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog
inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega 2560
board is compatible with most shields designed for the Uno and the former boards
Duemilanove or Diecimila.

Figure 2.3.2.1: Arduino Mega

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 2.3.2.2 NodeMCU

NodeMCU is an open source Lua based firmware for the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SOC
from Espressif and uses an on-module flash-based SPIFFS file system. NodeMCU is
implemented in C and is layered on the Espressif NON-OS SDK. The firmware was
initially developed as is a companion project to the popular ESP8266-based
NodeMCU development modules, but the project is now community-upported and the
firmware can now be run on any ESP module.

Figure 2.3.2.2: NodeMCU

2.3.2.3 DS18B20

The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit to 12-bit Celsius temperature

measurements and has an alarm function with non-volatile user-programmable upper
and lower trigger points. The DS18B20 communicates over a 1-Wire bus that by
definition requires only one data line (and ground) for communication with a central
microprocessor. In addition, the DS18B20 can derive power directly from the data line
(“parasite power”), eliminating the need for an external power supply.

Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple
DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus. Thus, it is simple to use one
microprocessor to control many DS18B20s distributed over a large area. Applications
that can benefit from this feature include HVAC environmental controls, temperature
monitoring systems inside buildings, equipment, or machinery, and process
monitoring and control systems.

Figure 2.3.2.3: DS18B20 Temperature Sensor

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 2.3.2.4 pH Meter

A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-

ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed
as pH. The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a pH
electrode and a reference electrode, and so the pH meter is sometimes referred to as a
"potentiometric pH meter". The difference in electrical potential relates to the acidity
or pH of the solution. The pH meter is used in many applications ranging
from laboratory experimentation to quality control.

Figure 2.3.2.4: Analog pH Meter pH Sensor

2.3.2.5 Turbidity Sensor

The turbidity sensor detects water quality by measuring the levels of turbidity.
It uses light to detect suspended particles in water by measuring the light transmittance
and scattering rate, which changes with the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) in
water. As the TTS increases, the liquid turbidity level increases.
Turbidity sensors are used to measure water quality in rivers and streams, wastewater
and effluent measurements, control instrumentation for settling ponds, sediment
transport research and laboratory measurements. This liquid sensor provides analog
and digital signal output modes. The threshold is adjustable when in digital signal
mode. You can select the mode according to your MCU.

Figure 2.3.2.5: Analog Turbidity Sensor

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 2.3.2.6 Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor

head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target.
Ultrasonic sensors measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between
the emission and reception.

Figure 2.3.2.6: Ultrasonic Sensor

2.3.2.7 LCD Display

This 20x4 Character LCD Display is built-in with RW1063 controller IC

which are 6800, 4 line SPI or I2C interface options. The WH2004G 20x4 LCD Display
have the same AA size and pin assignment as existing WH2004A and WH2004B
character LCD modules but with smaller outline and VA size. The available series
model numbers which are WH2004G - 6800 interface, WH2004G1 - 4 line SPI
interface and WH2004G2 - I2C interface.

Figure 2.3.2.7: LCD Display

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 2.3.2.8 Buzzer

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke. Buzzer used as an alarm in the circuits an error in circuits. It used
wiring a piezo transducer inside for the circuit. Each speaker is PTH solder and
requires an operating voltage of 3.5-5v with a mean current of 35mA max. These
speakers also have a typical sound output of 95 dBA and a coil resistance of 42 plus
minus 6.3 ohms. Many people call this a buzzer but it is not. The piezo element requires
a square wave (common from most microcontrollers) to produce a tone.

Figure 2.3.2.1: Piezo Buzzer

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 2.3.2.9 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light

when an electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in
most LEDs it is monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength. The output from an
LED can range from red (at a wavelength of approximately 700 nanometres) to blue-
violet about 400 nanometres. Some LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometres
or longer) such a device is known as an infrared-emitting diode (IRED).

An LED or IRED consists of two elements of processed material called P-type

semiconductors and N-type semiconductors. These two elements are placed in direct
contact, forming a region called P-N junction. In this respect, the LED or IRED
resembles most other diode types, but there are important differences. The LED or
IRED has a transparent package, allowing visible or IR energy to pass through. Also,
the LED or IRED has a large PN-junction area whose shape is tailored to the
application.

Figure 2.3.2.9: LED or IRED

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 2.3.2.10 Water Pump

24 volt / 12 volt pumps are commonly used in recreational vehicles like

caravans, motor homes or boats, but also in off-grid cabins and even small homes. DC
pressure pumps have several advantages over 230V household pumps which are more
energy efficient, smaller in size and DC powered. DC pumps run directly off your 24
volt / 12 volt battery bank and do not require an inverter. This alone eliminates
"inverter losses" that occur when battery power is converted to grid-like AC power.
The 24V/12V DC pumps we stock use between 40-200 Watts – which is only a fraction
of even the most efficient 230V household pressure pump.

Figure 2.3.2.10: Water Pump

2.3.2.11 Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such
as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they
repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit.
Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.

Figure 2.3.2.11: Relay

15
2.3.3 Software Description

2.3.3.1 Arduino IDE

Arduino program may be written in any program in any programming language

with a compiler that produces binary machine code. The Arduino project provides the
Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), which is a cross-platform
application written in the programming language.

A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a sketch. The Arduino
IDE supports the language C and C++ using special rules to organize code. The
Arduino IDE supplies a software library called Wiring from Wiring project, which
provides many common input and output procedures. A typical Arduino C/C++ sketch
consist of two functions that are compiled and linked with a program stub main () into
an executable cyclic executive program. The message area gives feedback while
saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the
Arduino Software (IDE), including complete eroor messages and other information.

Figure 2.3.3.1: Arduino IDE

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 2.3.3.2 ThingSpeak

ThingSpeak is an open data platform for the Internet of Things. Your device or
application can communicate with ThingSpeak using a RESTful and you can either
keep your data private or make it public. In addition, use ThingSpeak to analyse and
act your data. ThingSpeak provides an online text editor to perform data analysis and
visualization using MATLAB. You can also perform actions such as running regularly
scheduled MATLAB code or sending a tweet when your data passes a defined
threshold. ThingSpeak is used for diverse applications ranging from weather data
collection and analysis to synchronize the colour of lights across the world.
At the heart of ThingSpeak is a time-series database. ThingSpeak provides
users with free time-series data storage in channels. Each channel can include up to
eight data fields. This tutorial provides an introduction to some of the applications of
ThingSpeak, a conceptual overview of how ThingSpeak stores time-series data and
how MATLAB analysis is incorporated in ThingSpeak.

Figure 2.3.3.2: ThingSpeak

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 2.3.3.3 MIT Application

App Inventor for Android is an open-source web application originally

provided by Google, and now maintained by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT). It allows newcomers to computer programming to create software
applications for the Android operating system (OS). It uses a graphical interface, very
similar to Scratch and the StarLogo TNG user interface, which allows users to drag-
and-drop visual objects to create an application that can run on Android devices. In
creating App Inventor, Google drew upon significant prior research in educational
computing, as well as work done within Google on online development environments.
App Inventor and the projects on which it is based are informed
by constructionist learning theories, which emphasizes that programming can be a
vehicle for engaging powerful ideas through active learning. As such, it is part of an
ongoing movement in computers and education that began with the work of Seymour
Papert and the MIT Logo Group in the 1960s and has also manifested itself
with Mitchel Resnick's work on Lego Mindstorms and StarLogo.
MIT App Inventor is also supported with the Firebase Database extension. This allows
people to store data on Google's firebase.

Figure 2.3.3.3: MIT App Inventor

2.4 Conclusion

This project is monitoring by using MIT Application and implementation for

this project was difficult but it is easy we have knowledge to implement it. Prior to
this, there are students who have ever used MIT Application as well for their final
project. This project can be done as a reference and guidance if after this there are new
students who wish to use MIT Application as their final project and can refer to our
documentation project. Finally, we hope this project will be accepted as well as
successful during the final presentation.

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This project is use Spiral model for System Development Life-Cycle.

Methodology is an important aspect in the development of a project. The fact that is
can help in proper development of a system and to meet requirement and need for the
users. It is also backbone in the development of the project. For this chapter, all the
development stage will be explained. This chapter also will review in the software and
hardware that is used to develop this project.

Methodology that is used is Spiral model. It has four steps which are determine
objectives, identify and resolve risks, development and test and plain the next iteration.
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of methods applied to a field of
study. A methodology is needed so that others can understand the significance of the
project and make sense of how it all worked. In addition, methodology helps other
know the purpose of carry out this project in a particular way.

3.2 Project Methodology

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3.2.1 Determining Objectives (Phase 1)

The first step is determining objectives. Planning is the step that plans anything
to start the project. A discussion is made between the group members to complete
Chapter 1,2,3,4.5 and 6. Delegate task must be divided among the group members to
ensure the project work smoothly. Planning about the title of project and how to make
the project also the requirement that we needed to make this project successfully.

3.2.2 Identify and Resolve Risks (Phase 2)

The objectives of the project is to measure and control the temperature, pH

level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the
fish pond by using DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog PH meter PH sensor, Analog
turbidity sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, to notify the temperature, pH level,
turbidity and water level in the fish pond by using LCD, LED and buzzer. Also to send
the notification for the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond
by using MIT Application and secure the device and application with authentication.
The risks that we get during this project is the sensor give different measurement while
connect with NodeMCU. We troubleshoot it by looking again at the coding.

3.2.3 Development and Test (Phase 3)

The third step is development and test. In this step, we test the component
which are the four sensor. We test NodeMCU standalone and it success to scan the
network available. After that, we connect the component and NodeMCU. We use MIT
applications for our project as to send the notification for the temperature reading, pH
level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the
fish pond. We secure the application with authentication bye enter username and
password.

3.2.4 Plan the Next Iteration (Phase 4)

The forth step is plan the next iteration. In plan the next iteration step, the
project is release and need to improve for the future for example of our project we
must push and store the data reading of the sensor to the cloud.

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3.3 Conclusion

After understanding this project, the conclusion from this chapter is using
Spiral model. We will know the process of the understanding how an information
system can support education needs, designing the system to users. In addition, that
we can conclude is we will know what the step we want to do because it will guide us
what step should we do, so we not lose our step and get our objectives. Moreover,
Spiral model also will be help us to improve our process to start the project as well as
it also can use from fail to run the project and it also can make our project run
efficiently without problem.

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 CHAPTER 4

RESULT

4.1 Introduction

This project use four sensors which are DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog
PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor as
inputs. Their function are to measure the temperature, pH level, amount of light that
is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the fish pond. Then, the
temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond will notify by using
LCD, LED and buzzer which are act as outputs. After that, the data will store in
ThingSpeak and notification for reading will be monitor by using MIT Application.
This project will secure the device and application with authentication by enter
username and password.

4.2 Design

The design for this project has been divided into two which are in schematic
diagram and physical diagram.

4.2.1 Schematic Diagram

A logical design is a conceptual, abstract design. Do not deal with the physical
implementation details. Just deal only with defining the types of information that need.
The process of logical design involves arranging data into a series of logical
relationships called entities and attributes. Logical design can be dynamically
maintained or redraw.

22
 Figure 4.2.1: Schematic Diagram

4.2.2 Physical Diagram

Physical design is about how the process of physical design is actually

interconnected with cables. In addition, the physical structure of the network is called
the physical topology. In this project, every hardware needs a cable or wire to transmit
the data to each other and give responds.

Figure 4.2.2: Physical Diagram

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4.3 Finding

Temperature <28⁰C

LCD Display, Red LED and Buzzer

Figure 4.3.1: Temperature Testing

pH Value >7

LCD Display, Red LED and Buzzer

Figure 4.3.2: pH Testing

Turbidity <7 NTU

LCD Display, Red LED and Buzzer

Figure 4.3.3: Turbidity Testing

24
 All sensors in good reading

LCD Display and Green LED

Figure 4.3.4: All Sensors Testing

4.3.1 Connectivity

4.3.1.1 ThingSpeak

Figure 4.3.1.1: Login ThingSpeak

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Figure 4.3.1.2: Channel and Field ThingSpeak

Figure 4.3.1.3: Graph ThingSpeak

26
4.3.1.2 MIT Application

27
 Figure 4.3.1.2: Design of Application and the Blocks

4.3.2 Full Prototype

Figure 4.3.2: Full Prototype

4.4 Conclusion

The result of Wireless Water Quality Monitoring project is based on the test
plan of the project included how the configuration will be proceed. For this chapter,
the result is come by the testing process which are developed by established analysed
and design. Testing are important section because it is more test how the project will
be functionality and can safely use by staff in Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia or fish
farmers. After that, if any problems occurred in the project it may be solves to redesign
the requirement until the project run as well.

28
 CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction

This chapter is the last chapter which is it will discuss about the project which
this project has go through and the conclusion about the project achievement from the
beginning to the end of the project. In the end of chapter, it will discuss the future
recommendation or the opinion of the improvement to make this project has the value
to be used by user.

5.2 Discussion
This project found that mostly fish farmers in the world have to check the
quality of the water in the fish pond to overcome a good quality of fish. It take manual
ways to check temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended
solids and water level by using for example a thermometer probe and pH meter. This
will make user to take a long time to check for the water. It is also difficult to measure
the right temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended
solids and water level. With this project, we can check the temperature, pH level,
amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in the same
time also can read the data log in by using ThingSpeak and can monitor by application
that created. This is easier rather than that user need to manually check the temperature,
pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended solids and water level in
the fish pond.

29
5.3 Conclusion

The first chapter was explained the four objectives that must be achieved for
this project. In the end of the project, those four objectives need to archive. Firstly is
to measure the temperature, pH level, amount of light that is scattered by the suspended
solids and water level in the fish pond by using DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog
PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, to notify
the temperature, pH level, turbidity and water level in the fish pond by using LCD,
LED and buzzer, to send the notification for the temperature, pH level, turbidity and
water level in the fish pond by using MIT Application and secure the device and
application with authentication by enter username and password. This project Wireless
Water Quality Monitoring using Arduino is very easy to use. This project is using
DS18B20 temperature sensor, Analog PH meter PH sensor, Analog turbidity sensor
and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and send the data logger of the reading to ThingSpeak.
Data reading from the ThingSpeak can be read also in the application that created
which was use MIT Application Inventor.

Furthermore, implementation for this project was difficult but it is easy if we

have knowledge to implement it. Prior to this, there are students who have ever used
MIT Application as well for their final project. This project can be done as a reference
and guidance if after this there are new students who wish to use MIT Application as
their final project and can refer to our documentation project. Finally, we hope this
project will be accepted as well as successful during the final presentation.

5.4 Future Recommendation

From this project, the future recommendation is to store the data reading for all
the sensors to the cloud. So, user can check the passes result or monitor the reading for
example in the last month or last week. This project can just checked the last one
minute result of data reading only. If this project can be improve by the
recommendation state, this project can achieve to the world market.

30
REFERENCES

Ahmed, S. (2016). Intelligent Bio-Detector. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 35.

Retrieved from
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=73047

ani, e. (2016, May 4). Arduino Web Page. Retrieved from

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/eani/water-quality-monitoring-and-
notification-system-f85d23?ref=tag&ref_id=water&offset=2

Indriani, A. (2017). Sistem Kontrol Kekeruhan dan Temperatur Air Laut

Menggunakan Microcontroller Arduino Mega. Teknik Mesin, 6.

K.S., V. (2015). Automatic Tap Control System in the Smart Home using Android and
Arduino. Computer Applications, 5.

Prima, E. C. (2017). Automatic Water Tank Filling System Controlled Using Arduino
TM Based Sensor for Home Application. Procedia Engineering, 6.

Pudasaini, S. (2014). Automatic Water Level Controller with Short Messaging Service
(SMS) Notification. Scientific and Research Publications, 4.

Ranjbar, M. R. (2017). Low-cost, Real-Time, Autonomous Water Quality Testing and

Notification System. Computer Science and Network Security, 6.

Sidik, M. M. (2017). Volume Measuring System Using Arduino for Automatic Liquid
Filling Machine. Applied Engineering Research, 5.

Sugapriyaa, T. (2018). Smart Water Quality Monitoring System for Real Time
Applications. Pure and Applied Mathematics, 8.

Team, R. (2016, October 7). Arduino Project Hub. Retrieved from

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/robotgeek-projects-team/aquarium-auto-
refill-with-arduino-f16cd2?ref=tag&ref_id=water&offset=16

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APPENDIX

Gant Chart

Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Market Research
Define Specifications
Overall Architecture
Project Planning
Detailed Design
Software Development
Test Plan
Testing
User Documentation

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Project Cost

Item Quantity Price (RM)

Arduino Mega 2560 R3 1 129.88
Advance Beginner Learning
Sensor Starter Kit
NodeMCU 1 21.11
DS18B20 Temperature 1 16.60
Sensor
Analog pH meter Sensor 1 134.24
Turbidity Sensor 1 54.60
LCD (20x4) 1 25.40
Buzzer 1 2.00
Water Pump 2 25.60
Relay 3 24.00
Tool box 1 14.00
Battery 1 5.00
Total 452.43

Coding

DS18B20

pH Sensor

Turbidity Sensor

33
Ultrasonic Sensor

LCD

Buzzer

LED

Water Pump

34