Intro of TP

Introduction to
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Presented by Muhammad Talha Farooq

Roll. No RP16CE26
Why Study Transport Phenomena? ?
To treat the processes as a continuous media where various physical
changes are occurring simultaneously.
The knowledge needs to handled at an abstract level through
mathematical formulations.
How to study Transport
Phenomena??
Study the transportation of momentum, heat, mass through media as

governed by various laws of nature.
Basic parameters representing the phenomena and nomenclature
What exactly Transport
Phenomena?
Transport phenomena are really just a way that Chemical Engineers
group together three areas of study that have certain ideas in common.
These three areas of study are:
◦ Fluid Mechanics (Momentum transport)
◦ Heat Transfer (Heat transport)
◦ Mass Transfer (Mass transport)
What does that mean?
Fluid Mechanics deals with the transfer of momentum in a fluid.
◦ On a molecular scale that means that the molecules banging into each other
transfer their momentum to other molecules.
◦
◦ On a larger scale, these molecules banging into each other determine how the
fluid will flow, i.e., smoothly (or laminar), or roughly (turbulent).
Mass Transfer deals with the transfer of mass.

Example:
◦ Take take a glass of water and put one drop of red dye in it. Even if you
don't stir the water, eventually the water will be (uniformly) pinkish.
◦ The dye spreads out by mass transfer.
Heat Transfer deals with the transfer of energy.
Typical modes of Heat Transfer are:
◦ Conduction: If you touch something hot, you get
heat transfer via conduction.
◦ Convection: If you hold your hand above a burner
on a stove, you will feel the hot air rising from the
burner; the heat is moving by convection.
◦ Radiation: The warmth that you feel from the sun
is by way of radiation heat transfer.
Analogies between all
transport Phenomena
There is a driving force (momentum,
temperature, or concentration difference),
which becomes smaller as time progresses,
and eventually becomes zero when no more
transport takes place.
How Transport Phenomena is Different from
Modeling?
Mathematical models are usually developed under well defined

assumptions for limited range of conditions.
These models usually account for one phenomena at a time and dose
not draw any similarity with parallel phenomena.
Computer modeling (approximation or empirical estimation) has
generally been the remedy where the mathematical modeling has not
been possible.
Three levels at which Transport
Phenomenon can be studied.
1. Macroscopic
2. Microscopic
3. Molecular level
Macroscopic
Write a set of equations
(macroscopic balances) that
describes how mass,
momentum, energy and
angular momentum in the
system change because of the
introduction and removal of
these entities. No attempt is
made to understand the details
of the system.
Microscopic
We examine what is happening
to the fluid mixture in a small
region. We write a set of
equations called “equations of
change” which describes how
mass, momentum, energy and
angular momentum in the
system change. The aim to get
information about velocity T, p,
and concentration profiles within
the system.
Molecular level
We seek a fundamental
understanding of the mechanism
of how mass, momentum, energy
and angular momentum in the
system change in terms of
molecular structure and
intermolecular forces. Physicists
and Chemists principal concern,
but engineers in many cases need
to gain this understanding.
Entity Being MOMENTUM ENERGY MASS
Transported/
Type of
Transport
TRANSPORT VISCOSITY u THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY DAB
BY CONDUCTIVITY k
MOLECULAR Newton’s law of Fourier’s law of heat Fick’s law of diffusion
MOTION viscosity. conduction Temperature, Temperature, Pressure, and
Temperature, Pressure Pressure, and composition composition dependence on
& Composition dependence on k DAB
dependence on u
Kinetic theory of u Kinetic theory of k Kinetic theory of DAB
TRANSPORT SHELL MOMENTUM SHELL ENERGY SHELL MASS
in LAMINAR BALANCES BALANCES BALANCES
FLOW OR
in SOLIDS, Velocity profiles Temperature profiles Concentration profiles
Average velocity Average temperature Average concentration
in ONE
DIMENSION Momentum flux at Energy flux at surfaces Mass flux at surfaces
surfaces
Continue…
Transported
Type of
Transport
TRANSPORT EQUATION OF EQUATION OF CHANGE EQUATION OF CHANGE
CHANGE (Isothermal) (Non-isothermal) (Multi-component)
in an
ARBITRARY
CONTINUUM Equation of continuity Equation of continuity
Equation of motion Equation of motion for Equation of continuity for
Equation of energy forced and free convection each species
Equation of energy Equation of motion for
forced and free convection
Equation of energy
TRANSPORT IN MOMENTUM ENERGY TRANSPORT MASS TRANSPORT

LAMINAR TRANSPORT
FLOW OR Unsteady heat conduction Unsteady diffusion
in SOLIDS, Unsteady viscous flow Heat conduction in viscous Diffusion in viscous flow
Two-dimensional flow Two-dimensional diffusion
viscous flow Two-dimensional heat in solids
WITH TWO
Boundary-layer conduction in solids Boundary-layer mass
INDEPENDENT
momentum transport Boundary-layer energy transport
VARIABLES
transport
Continue…
Transported
Type of
Transport
TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT TURBULENT ENERGY TURBULENT MASS
MOMENTUM TRANSPORT TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT
TURBULENT
FLOW
Time-smoothing of Time-smoothing of Time-smoothing of equation
equation of change equation of change of change
Eddy viscosity Eddy thermal conductivity Eddy diffusivity
Turbulent velocity Turbulent temperature Turbulent concentration

profiles profiles profiles
TRANSPORT INTERPHASE INTERPHASE ENERGY INTERPHASE MASS
MOMENTUM TRASNPORT TRASNPORT
Between
TRASNPORT
TWO PHASES
Heat-transfer coefficient h Heat-transfer coefficient kx
Friction factor f
Dimensionless Dimensionless correlations
Dimensionless correlations (forced and (forced and free convection)
correlations free convection)
Continue…
Transported
Type of
Transport
TRANSPORT RADIENT ENERGY
BY TRANSPORT
RADIATION
Planck’s radiation law
------- Stefan-Boltzmann law --------
Geometrical problems
Radiation through absorbing
media
TRANSPORT IN MICROSOPIC MICROSOPIC MICROSOPIC
LARGE FLOW BALANCES BALANCES BALANCES (Multi-
SYSTEMS (Isothermal) (Non-isothermal) component)
Mass balance Mass balance Mass balance of each

Mechanical energy Momentum balance species
balance Mechanical and total energy Momentum balance
(Bernoulli equation) balance Mechanical and total
energy balance

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Intro of TP

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Introduction to

Presented by Muhammad Talha Farooq

Study the transportation of momentum, heat, mass through media as

Mass Transfer deals with the transfer of mass.

Mathematical models are usually developed under well defined

TRANSPORT IN MOMENTUM ENERGY TRANSPORT MASS TRANSPORT

Turbulent velocity Turbulent temperature Turbulent concentration

Mass balance Mass balance Mass balance of each

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